No More Learning

Bouvet, Marguerite (bő-vā'). An Ameri.
can writer for children; born in Louisiana,
1865. She has written: 'Sweet William);
(Prince Tip-Top); Little Marjorie's Love
Story); 'Pierrette); etc.
Bowen, Mrs. Sue (Petigru) (King). An
American novelist; born in South Carolina,
1824; died 1875. ller home was in Charles-
ton, S. C. She wrote: (Sylvia's World ); (Ger-
ald Gray's Wife); “Busy Moments of an Idle
Woman,' a collection of stories; etc.
Bowker, Richard Rogers (bou’ker). An
American editor, bibliographer, and writer on
political economy; born in Massachusetts, 1848.
He edited for a number of years the Pub-
lishers' Weekly; and compiled the American
Catalogue) (2 vols. , 18851, of inestimable value
to book-dealers, librarians, and literary workers.
Among his writings on political economy are :
(Work and Wealth"; "Economics for the Peo.
ple); etc.
Bowles, Samuel (bõlz). A noted American
journalist; born at Springfield, Mass. , Feb. 9,
1826; died there, Jan. 16, 1878. He was editor
and proprietor of the Springfield Republican
(1844-78). He wrote : (Across the Continent)
(1865); (The Switzerland of America) (1809);
(Our New West) (1869); etc. As one of the
most able journalists in a land of journalism,
his fame is both great and enduring.
Bowles, William Lisle. An English poet;
born in King's Sutton, Northamptonshire, Sept.
24, 1762; died in Salisbury, April 7, 1850. He
was educated at Oxford, and from 1804 until
a few years before his death was vicar of Brem-
hill, Wiltshire. His (Fourteen Sonnets Written
Chiefly on Picturesque Spots during a Journey)
(1789) was received with extraordinary favor.
Coleridge, Wordsworth, and Southey greatly
admired the poems, which reflected the au-
thor's thoughts and the moods of nature to
such an extent that Bowles is considered to
have created by his influence the Lake School
of poetry. In 1806 he issued a critical edition
of Pope, which led to a memorable controversy
(1809-25), in which Byron and Campbell were
his opponents. His other works include:
(The Grave of Howard' (1790); (Coombe
Ellen (1798); “The Battle of the Nile' (1799);
(The Spirit of Discovery) (1804), his longest
poem; and (St. John in Patmos) (1832).
Bowne, Borden Parker (boun). An Ameri-
can philosophical writer; born at Leonard-
ville, N. J. , Jan. 14, 1847. He was religious
editor of the New York Independent 1875-76,
becoming professor of philosophy at Boston
University 1876. He has written: Philoso-
phy of Herbert Spencer) (1874); Metaphysics)
(1882); etc.
Bowring, Sir John. An English linguist,
author, and noted diplomat; born in Exeter,
Oct. 17, 1792; died there, Nov. 23, 1872. He
was a great traveler and a close student; and
boasted that he knew 200 languages and could
speak 100. In 1825 he became editor of the
Westminster Review, in which he advocated
Free Trade by repeal of the Corn Laws in ad-
vance of Bright and Cobden. He was a Mem-
ber of Parliament in 1835-37 and 1841-47; was
appointed on various commissions, to France,
Switzerland, Italy, Syria, etc. In 1849 he was
British consul at Hong-Kong, where he became
governor in 1853. In 1855 he concluded a
treaty with Siam; he was knighted in 1854.
Ile rendered great service to English litera-
ture by translating the popular poems and
folk-songs of various nations. Among his
works are: (Specimens of the Russian Poets
(London, 1821-23); (Ancient Poetry and Ro.
mances of Spain) (1824); (Specimens of the
Polish Poets) (1827); (Servian Popular Poetry)
(1827); (Poetry of the Magyars) (1830);"Ches-
kian Anthology) (1832); “The Flowery Scroll:
a Chinese Novel) (1868); (The Oak: Original
Tales and Sketches) (1869); and two import-
ant volumes of travel: (The Kingdom and
People of Siam (1857), and "A Visit to the


## p. 71 (#87) ##############################################

BOYE - BRACKENRIDGE
71
books include: (Hungary in 1851' (New York,
1852); (Home Life in Germany) (1853); (The
Norse Folk) (1857); (Short Sermons to News-
boys) (1861); (The Dangerous Classes of Now
York and Twenty Years' Work among Them
(1872; 3d ed. 1880); (Free Trade as Promot-
ing Peace and Good-Will among Men) (1879);
"Gesta Christi) (1883), a review of the achieve.
ments of Christianity from the earliest days in
bettering the moral and social condition of the
world; and (To the Unknown God (1889).
Brachmann, Karoline Luise (bräch'män).
A German poet (1777-1822); born at Rochlitz.
Her 'Lyric Poems) are full of life and melody.
She wrote also a poem of chivalry, (The Judg-
ment of God, in five cantos, and several ro.
was
mances.
:
Philippine Islands) (1859). He edited with a
biography (22 vols. , London, 1838) the works
of Jeremy Bentham, of whom he was a disciple
and admirer; and wrote a number of books
on political and social topics, and also hymns
and poems. *
Boye, Kaspar Johan (bo've). A Danish
poet and dramatist ; born in Kongsberg, Nor-
way, Dec. 27, 1791; died in Copenhagen, July
6, 1853. He a ciergyman who wrote
anonymously for the stage, becoming «Den-
mark's great unknown upon the appearance
of Juta, Queen of Denmark, (King Sigurd,
and other plays, of which only (William Shakes-
peare continues on the boards. His “There Is
a Beautiful Country in the Far North has
become a national favorite hymn.
Boyesen, Hjalmar Hjorth (boi'e-sen). An
American novelist; born at Frederiksvärn,
Norway, Sept. 23, 1848; died in New York,
Oct. 4, 1895. After completing his university
studies at Christiania, he came to the United
States in 1869 and was editor of a Norwegian
journal in Chicago. He returned to Europe in
1872 and studied Germanic philology at Leip-
sic two years; then returning to this country
he was professor of German in Cornell Uni-
versity for six years, and then of Germanic
languages and literature in Columbia College
till his death. His story of Norwegian life,
"Gunnar,' published in the Atlantic Monthly
(1873), and his "Idyls of Norway and Other
Poems) (1883), give proof of his rare imagi-
native faculty and his deep human sympathies.
Besides these, he wrote: (Tales from Two
Hemispheres (1875); (A Norseman's Pilgrim-
age); Ilka on the Hilltop and Other Stories ';
(A Daughter of the Philistines. *
Bozděch, Emanuel (böz'dyech). A Bohe-
mian dramatist; born at Prague, July 21, 1841.
His first notable success in 1867, with the
comedy From the Days of Cotillons,' was
surpassed the following year when he brought
out his tragedy Baron Görtz. Other note-
worthy productions are: (The World's Master
in his Night-Shirt, the private life of Napoleon
I. ; "The Test of a Statesman) (Prince Kau-
nitz). He wrote also some novels.
Brabourne, Edward Huggessen Knatch-
bull-Huggessen, Lord. An English juvenile-
story writer; born in Kent, April 29, 1829; died
Feb. 6, 1893. Has been Member of Parliament.
His literary fame is due mostly to his stories
for children, including: Moonshine) (1871);
(Tales at Tea-Time' (1872); 'Queer Folk)
(1873); “River Legends) (1874); and many
others.
Brace, Charles Loring. An American au-
thor and philanthropist; born in Litchfield,
Conn. , June 19, 1826; died in the Tyrol, Switz-
erland, Aug. 11, 1890. After graduation at
Yale in 1846, he studied theology, but held no
pastorate. He devoted himself to philanthropy
in New York, and lectured, wrote, and worked
to enlist aid for the children of the poor. His
Brachvogel, Albert Emil (bräch'fo''gel). A
German dramatist and novelist (1824-78); born
at Breslau. His first dramatic compositions
had but little success; but in 1856 he produced
Narcissus, which established his fame. A
long series of dramas then followed; among
them : Adalbert von Babanberge) (1858), most
poetical of his dramas; (Mons de Caus) (1860),
the tragedy of a genius who is in advance of
his time; (The Usurer's Son (1863). He wrote
a great many historical novels; among them :
(Schubart and his Contemporaries) (1864);
Beaumarchais) (1865); (William Hogarth':
but his novels are now forgotten.
Brachvogel, Udo. A German poet; born
near Dantzic in 1835. He published a volume
of Juvenile Poems) at Vienna in 1860. He
came to the United States in 1867 and edited
journals in the German language. He made
an excellent translation of Bret Harte's Poems)
(1882).
Brackel, Ferdinande, Baroness von (bräck'.
el). A German novelist; born in the Circle
of Warburg, Westphalia, Nov. 25, 1835. She
published a volume of Poems) in 1873, and
thereafter devoted herself to prose fiction, con-
taining opinions regarding the social question
and the labor question from the Catholic point
of view. Many of her tales have been trans-
lated into foreign languages. Among her stories
are : “The Spinning-Master of Carrara); Prin-
cess Ada); (Of the Ancient Stock. )
Brackenridge, Henry Marie (brak'en-rij).
A distinguished American lawyer, historian,
and writer of travels, son of Hugh Henry; born
at Pittsburg, Pa. , May II, 1786; died at Pensa-
cola, Fla. , Jan. 18, 1871. He was a judge in
Louisiana and Florida; and was United States
commissioner to the South American republics
in 1817-18. He wrote: (History of the Late
War between the United States and Great Brit-
ain' (after 1820); 'Voyage to South America)
(1820); Persons and Places in the West)
(1834); etc.
Brackenridge, Hugh Henry. A distin
guished American lawyer and humorist; born
near Campbelton, Scotland, 1748; died at Car-
lisle, Pa. , June 25, 1816. Ile was judge of the


## p. 72 (#88) ##############################################

72
BRADDON – BRANDT
verse.
Supreme Court of Pennsylvania (1799). He
wrote: Modern Chivalry, or the Adventures
of Captain Farrago and Teague O'Regan, his
Servant) (1796-1806), a satire very popular
early in the present century.
Braddon, Mary Elizabeth, maiden name of
Mrs. M. E. Maxwell; born in London, 1837.
At an early age she began to write verses and
stories. Her novels are old-fashioned, based
on sensational plots, but with much narrative
power and descriptions of scenery, and have
long been popular. Among them are: Lady
Audley's Secret! (1862; uith ed. 1863); (Au-
rora Floyd' (1863; 8th ed. 1864); (The Story
of Barbara) (1880); (Asphodel (1881); (Ish-
mael (1884); "Wyllard's Weird' (1886); (The
Venetians) (1892); and many others. She has
also written comedies, and several volumes of
*
Bradford, Alden. An American historian
and journalist; born at Duxbury, Mass. , Nov.
19, 1765; died at Boston, Oct. 26, 1843. Ori-
ginally a Congregational divine, he became
Secretary of State of Massachusetts (1812-24),
and edited the Boston Gazette (1826). He
wrote: (History of Massachusetts, 1764-1820);
(History of the Federal Government); etc.
Bradford, Joseph. An American journalist
and dramatic author; born near Nashville,
Tenn. , Oct. 24, 1843; died in Boston, Mass. ,
April 13, 1886. His real name was William
Randolph Hunter. Besides satirical verses he
wrote a number of poems which were highly
esteemed, especially those on the death of Vic.
tor Hugo and of General Grant. His plays,
(Our Bachelors) and (One of the Finest,
were very successful and are still popular.
Bradford, William. An American colonial
governor and author; born in Austerfield, York-
shire, England, March 1588; died in Plym-
outh, Mass. , May 9, 1657. He was one of the
signers of the celebrated compact on the May-
flower; and in 1621, on the death of the first
governor, John Carver, was elected to the same
office, which he continued to fill (with the
exception of a brief period when he declined
re-election) until his death. His administra-
tion was remarkably efficient and successful,
especially in dealing with the Indians. His
(Diary of Occurrences, covering the first year
of the colony, was published in 1622. He left
a number of religious compositions in verse;
and historical prose compositions of great value,
the most important being his (History of the
Plymouth Plantation from the formation of
the society in England in 1602 down to 1647.
Bradley, Edward. See Bede, Cutabert.
Braga, Theophilo (brä'gä). A Portuguese
poet and scholar; born at St. Michael, Azores,
Feb. 24, 1843. On quitting the university of
Coimbra, he took up the study of Portuguese
literature, and made a great collection of popu-
lar romances, songs, and fairy tales, publishing
the results in a series of volumes. Also in 20
volumes he published a pretty complete history
of the national literature (1870–76). Besides
these works on the history of Portuguese let-
ters, he issued in 1877 a (General Outline of
the Positive Philosophy); in 1878 Positive So-
lutions of Portuguese Politics'; and in 1884 a
(System of Sociology. His poetical writings
comprise : 'Green Leaves, written in boyhood;
(The Vision of Time) (1864), a series of pict-
ures of the process of world-evolution, in the
manner of Victor Hugo; and "Undine of the
Lake.
Brainard, John Gardiner Calkins. An
American poet; born in New London, Conn. ,
Oct. 21, 1796; died there, Sept. 26, 1828. After
graduation at Yale in 1815, he went to Hart-
ford in 1822 and took charge of the Connecti-
cut Mirror. His poems were published in 1825;
the third edition, called "Literary Remains,
was edited with a biography by John G. Whit-
tier (1832).
Brandes, Edvard (brän'des). A Danish dram.
atist, story-writer, and essayist; born in Co-
penhagen, Oct. 21, 1847. Of his plays, A
Visit, Love,' and Under the Rule) are best
known; while studies on art subjects denote
his critical taste, and (The Politician) shows
him capable of well-planned and well-told fic-
tion.
Brandes, Georg Morris Cohen. A Danish
man of letters; born at Copenhagen, Feb. 4,
1842. At the university he won a gold medal
for an essay on (The Idea of Fate among the
Ancients) (1862). He then made extended
travels in England, France, and Germany,
making acquaintance of men of note in letters
and in science. He afterward wrote works
which attained a European reputation, on the
history of contemporary literature in the coun.
tries named; Main Currents of 19th-Century
Literature, a work of profound research and
the author's masterpiece. He made a special
study of French Æsthetics in our Dayi
(1870), and published volumes of miscellaneous
(Æsthetic Studies) and (Critiques and Por-
traits. He settled in Berlin in 1877; in 1883
returned to Copenhagen, where he now
sides. *
Brandes, Johann Christian. A German
dramatist (1735-99); born at Stettin. He was
an indifferent actor, but his dramatic compo-
sitions were received with great favor in his
day. Some of his comedies possess very high
merit; especially (Appearances are Deceitful,
and (The Ennobled Shopkeeper. Shortly be-
fore his death he wrote a very instructive (His-
tory of his Life. )
Brandt or Brant, Sebastian (bränt). A
celebrated German satirical poet and human-
ist (1458–1521); born at Strasburg. He was
named an imperial councillor by the Emperor
Maximilian in 1503, and made count palatine.
He was not in sympathy with the Reformers.
Though he wrote Latin poems, and treatises
on jurisprudence, he is remembered as author of
re
:


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BRANTOME - BREMER
73
was
"The Ship of Fools,' a satire on the follies and
vices of the time (1494).
Its distinguishing note
is its abounding humor; but it owed its great
popular success very largely to the clever wood-
cuts with which it was illustrated. It was
translated into Latin and several European
vernacular languages; into English by Henry
Watson, (The Grete Shyppe of Fooles of the
Worlde) (1517). Barclay's (Shyp of the Folys
of the Worlde) (1508) is in part a translation,
in part an adaptation. A more recent imitation
is W. H. Ireland's Modern Ship of Fools)
(1807). *
Brantôme, Pierre de Bourdeille, Seigneur
de (bron-tom'). A French chronicler (about
1527-1614); born at Périgord. He was for
many years traveler or soldier; retired to his
estate twenty years before his death, and used
his leisure in writing his (Memoirs,' in sections
devoted to 'Lives of Illustrious Men and Great
Captains of Foreign Countries ); of (Illustrious
Men, etc. , of France); of Illustrious Women);
of Courteous Dames); (Anecdotes of Duels);
(Spanish Rhodomontades and Oaths); etc. The
author is vain and egotistical, but thoroughly
naïve and honest. The style is charmingly
piquant, with frequent sallies of wit and flashes
of eloquence. He is indeed a fascinating
chronicler. His Complete Works, 10 vols. ,
were published at the Hague (1740). *
Brassey, Anne, Lady. An English descript-
ive writer; born in London, about 1840; died
at sea on the Sunbeam, Sept. 14, 1887. After
her marriage she spent half of her life at sea,
on Lord Brassey's yacht the Sunbeam. She
was buried at sea. Her travels are interest-
ing, popular, and have passed through many
editions. They are: Natural History of a
Voyage on the Sunbeam) (1878); . (Sunshine
and Storm in the East) (1879); (Tahiti? (1882);
(In the Trades, the Tropics, and the Roaring
Forties) (1884); and (Three Voyages in the
Sunbeam (1886).
Braun, Karl (broun). A German political
writer (1822-93); born at Hadamar in Nas-
sau. Of his very numerous writings it suffices
to name: For Free Trade and Free Traffic
throughout all Germany) (1858); (Frankfort's
Cry of Distress); Pictures from Germany's
Littlestatedom.
Braun, Wilhelm von. A Swedish poet; born
Nov. 8, 1813; died Sept. 12, 1860. He aban-
doned the military career for literature, and
speedily became one of the most popular
poets. His Collected Works) contain every
conceivable form of poetical composition, but
his writings are characterized by licentiousness.
Braun von Braunthal (broun fon broun'täl).
An Austrian dramatist and novelist (1802-66);
born at Eger. He essayed all kinds of poetry,
and in all displayed no ordinary talent, but he
was deficient in correct taste and judgment.
Among his lyric compositions we have: (Songs
of a Hermit); (Morning, Noon, and Night in
a Poet's Life); the dramas (Count Julian and
Knight Shakspere); and several novels, as
(Donna Quixote, or the Life and Opinions of
a Sagacious Noble Lady of Young Germany)
Bray, Anna Eliza. An English woman of
letters; born in London, Dec. 25, 1790; died
there, Jan. 21, 1883. Her maiden name
Kempe; she studied for the stage, but in 1818
was married to Charles A. Stothard, son of
the famous artist, and after his death became
the wife of the Rev. Edward A. Bray, vicar
of Tavistock. From 1826 to 1874 she wrote at
least a dozen novels, one of which, (The
Talba, or the Moor of Portugal, brought her
the acquaintance of Southey. She wrote the
(Life of Thomas Stothard (1856), and many
books of travels. der letters addressed to
Southey on the superstitions and scenery of
Tavistock, entitled “The Borders of the Tamar
and the Tavy) (3 vols. , 1836; new ed. 1879),
and (A Peep at the Pixies, or Legends of the
West' (1854), are esteemed. Mrs. Bray's Auto-
biography) appeared in 1884.
Breckinridge, Robert Jefferson (brek'in-
rij). A noted Presbyterian divine and theo-
logical writer; born at Cabell's Dale, Ky. ,
March 8, 1800; died at Danville, Ky. , Dec. 27,
1871. He was originally a lawyer. He became
president of Jefferson College, 1845-47; from
1847 he was pastor at Lexington, Ky. He was
a leader in the division of the Presbyterian
Church in 1837 into Old and New Schools.
His chief work was knowledge of God, Ob-
jectively Considered) (1857); (Knowledge of
God, Subjectively Considered (1859).
Breden, Christiane. See Christen.
Brederoo, Gerbrant Adriaenszoon (brā'de.
ro). A distinguished Dutch dramatist and
poet; born at Amsterdam, March 16, 1585; died
there, July 8, 1618. His best poesy is in (The
Meditative Song-Book) and (The Great Fount-
ain of Love); collections of grave and gay
pieces, all of which have been very popular,
and since his time often reprinted. His lyrics
are admired for their musical verse and their
tender sensibility; but his masterpiece is un-
questionably the Jerolimo) (Spaansche Bra-
bander Jerolimo), a comedy based upon a
French version of one of Mendoza's plays.
Another comedy, Moortje, is an adaptation
from Terence.
Brehm, Alfred Edmund (brām). A German
naturalist and zoologist; born in Renthendorf,
Feb. 2, 1829; died there, Nov. II, 1884. He
traveled widely and studied long, partly taught
by his father, likewise a distinguished scientist ;
producing finally, among a variety of works,
his monumental (Animal Life, Illustrated' ( 3d
ed. 1890-93), a series of volumes translated
and quoted extensively.
Bremer, Fredrika (brām'er). A Swedish
novelist (1801-65); born in Abo, Finland. She
was brought up in the neighborhood of Stock.
holm. She was a voluminous writer, and the
income from her publications enabled her to


## p. 74 (#90) ##############################################

BRENTANO - BRIGGS
74
VOD
make extensive travels over Europe and in
America. Till 1839 her fame was restricted to
Sweden; then it began to extend to Germany;
in 1842 was published in London, in English,
(The Neighbors, and forthwith in rapid suc-
cession translations appeared of “The Diary);
(The H. Family); (The President's Family);
and several others of her charming delinea-
tions of domestic life in Sweden. She visited
the United States in 1849; and in 1851 her
Homes of the New World) was published
simultaneously in England, Sweden, and this
country. *
Brentano, Clemens (bren-ta'no). A Ger-
man poet and novelist (1778-1842); born at
Ehrenbreitstein. He wrote a Life of the
Virgin Mary, based on alleged revelations.
Among the works of his early days are found
some gems of lyric poetry; and his dramatic
productions -(The Merry Musicians) (1803);
(Ponce de Leon (1804); (The Founding of
Prague) (1815) - manifest great power. Some
of his minor novels were very successful; among
them "The Good Caspar and the Fair Annie)
(1817), called by German critics a masterpiece
in miniature. ) His Fairy Tales) did not ap-
pear till after his death. *
Brentano, Elizabeth, commonly known as
Bettina von Arnim. A German writer (1785-
1859), sister of Clemens Brentano, and famed
for (Goethe's Correspondence with a Child);
which, to a great extent fictitious, is, from a
purely poetic point of view, one of the fairest
specimens of romanticism. It was translated
by her into English, and in that garb consti-
tutes a literary curiosity. Of a similar nature
is her correspondence with Caroline von Gün-
derode, the friend of her youth, published
under the title (Die Günderode) (1840). She
also wrote (This Book Belongs to the King)
(1843), an attempt to solve the question of
pauperism. *
Breton, Nicholas. An English poet of whose
life little is known (1545-1626). He was very
versatile, and wrote moral and religious poems,
satires, romances, books of character, a com-
plete letter-writer, pastorals, and lyrics. At his
best his verse compares favorably with the
sweetest of the Elizabethan singers. Some of
his works have only lately been recovered.
Grosart, Breton's Poems. ?
Breton de los Herreros, Manuel (brā ton'
dā lös ār-rā'ros). A Spanish poet (1800-73);
born in the province of Logroño. He is the
most notable Spanish poet of the first half of
the 19th century. He gave to the Spanish
stage 150 plays, some of them original, others
derived from ancient Spanish sources or trans-
lated from French or Italian. In him the old
French comedy finds not so much an imitator
as its last true representative. Among his best
original comedies are : I'm Going Back to
Madrid); "Here I am in Madrid); (This
World is All a Farce); Die Once and You'll
See. He was less successful in the historic
drama than in comedy. His satiric poems,
(Hypocrisy); Moral Epistle on the Manners
of the Age); and "Shamelessness,' are not un-
worthy of their author's great fame.
Bretschneider, Heinrich Gottfried
(bret'shni-der). An Austrian satirist (1739-
1810. ) Being in government office, he published
nearly all his writings anonymously. Most
notable perhaps of all his compositions is the
fine street ballad, “Frightful Story of the Mur.
der of Young Werther. Worthy of mention
too is the "Saints' Kalendar for 1788,' admired
by Joseph II for its witty sallies; also (George
Waller's Life and Morals,' a lively satire on
the intrigues of the court counselors and their
agents.
Bretzner, Christian Friedrich (bretsʻner).
A German dramatist (1748-1807); born at Leip-
sic. He wrote several successful comedies, fore-
most among them (The Marriage Broker, and
(The Go-Between'; also two musical dramas,
one of which, 'Belmont and Constantia, or the
Elopement from the Seraglio,' was used by
Mozart as a libretto. He wrote, on the basis
of designs by Chodoviecki and Hogarth, a
story, “Life of a Rake, in three volumes (1787 -
88), which for a while was very popular
Brewer, Antony. An English dramatist wio
lived in the 17th century. He is the author of
(The Love-Sick King' (1655), reprinted as
(The Perjured Nun' (1680). The famous play
(Lingua, or the Combat of the Five Senses
for Supremacy) (1607), half masque, half mo-
rality, was long ascribed to him and bestowed
fame on his name. (The Merry Devil of Eá
monton' (1608) and (The Country Girl (1647)
were long taken for his.
Brewer, E. Cobham. An English clergyman
and lexicographer; born in London, May 2,
1810. He received his education at Cambridge,
and entered the ministry. He has edited sev.
eral valuable reference books, among which
are : (Guide to Science) (1850); Dictionary of
Phrase and Fable) (1885); (Reader's Hand-
book) (1884); Dictionary of Miracles); etc.
Bridges, Robert. An American essayist and
critic, writing under the pseudonym Droch);
born in Pennsylvania, 1858. He has been assist-
ant editor of Scribner's Magazine since 1877,
literary critic of Life since 1883. He has writ-
ten: Overheard in Arcady,' dialogues about
contemporary writers; (Suppressed Chapters
and Other Bookishness. )
Brierley, Benjamin. An English sketch-
writer; born in Failsworth, Lancashire, in 1825.
His reputation rests on numerous stories and
sketches written in the Lancashire dialect.
His pseudonym is “Ab-o'-th' Yate. Among
his best books are: (Tales and Sketches of
Lancashire Life) (London, 1862) and 'Chron-
icles of Waverlow) (1863). "Ab-o'-th-Yate
in Yankeeland describes two visits to Amer.
ica (1887).
Briggs, Charles Augustus. An American
clergyman and religious writer; born in New
York city, Jan. 15, 1841. For a number of


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BRIGGS- BROCKES
75
years he was pastor of the Presbyterian
Church at Roselle, N. J. In 1874 he was ap-
pointed professor of Hebrew in Union Theo-
logical Seminary in New York city. He was
tried for heresy in 1892, but was acquitted.
Among his works are: (American Presbyteri-
anism (1885); (The Messiah of the Apostles)
(1886); (The Messiah of the Gospels); (The
Higher Criticism of the Hexateuch); and “The
Bible, the Church, and the Reason.
Briggs, Charles Frederick. An American
journalist and author; born at Nantucket,
Mass. , in 1804; died in Brooklyn, N. Y. , June
20, 1877. He was prominently connected with
several newspapers, among others the New
York Times and New York Independent. Be-
sides several poems, he wrote: (The Advent-
ures of Harry Franco) (1839); (The Haunted
Merchant) (1843); (History of the Atlantic
Telegraph Cable) (1860), in collaboration with
Augustus Maverick.
Bright, John. An English statesman; born
near Rochdale in Lancashire, Nov. 16, 1811;
died March 27, 1889. The son of a wealthy
Quaker cotton manufacturer, after his father's
death his brother's generously sharing the
protits of the business with him enabled him
to remain in public life. In early life he began
to take an active part in social and political
reform. He entered Parliament in 1843, and
voted for repeal of the Corn Laws and for
factory regulation. He sympathized with the
North in the Civil War. He first entered the
government in 1868, as president of the Board
of Trade. Thereafter he held office under every
Liberal administration till 1882. He was an
eloquent and impressive orator. His speeches
and addresses were published in successive
volumes, 1867-69-79, and his “Public Letters)
in 1885. *
Brillat-Savarin, Anthelme (bre-yä'-sä-vä-
ran'). A French author (1755-1826). He was
a deputy to the national convention in 1789;
emigrated in 1793 and passed some time in
the United States; returned to France in 1796.
His writings were mostly anonymous; his title
to fame is the work (Physiology of Taste, an
essay on the social implications of gastronomy,
written in elegant style with profound knowl-
edge of the subject-matter. *
Brink, Jan ten (brink). A Dutch novelist
and literary critic; born at Appingedam, June
15, 1834. Besides many essays on the literature
of his own country, of France, and of England,
he has written several novels ; among them:
(Mrs. de Roggeveen's Son-in-Law); (Holland
Dames and Cavaliers); Jan Starter and his
Wife); and a (Historic Essay on the French
Revolution. '
Brinton, Daniel Garrison. An American
surgeon, archæologist, and ethnologist; born
at Thornbury, Pa. , May 13, 1837. During the
Civil War he was a surgeon in the Union
army. From 1867 to 1887 he was editor of the
Medical and Surgical Reporter. In 1884 he
was appointed professor of ethnology at the
Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia ;
and in 1886 professor of American linguistics
and archæology in the University of Pennsyl-
vania. Among his many works are : Notes
on the Floridian Peninsula) (1859); (Ameri-
can Hero Myths) (1882); (Aboriginal American
Anthology); etc. He has edited the Maya
chronicles, and is a high authority on ali
American archæological topics.
Brisebarre, Edouard Louis (brēz-bär'). A
French dramatist (1818–71); born at Paris. He
made a brilliant theatrical success with his first
piece, (Cagliostro's Vial (1835). Thereafter
he produced more than 100 dramas and low
comedies, mostly in collaboration with other
writers. His most notable productions are:
(A Bengal Tiger); Leonard, which had an
almost unexampled (run); (The Mad Cow. '
Bristed, Charles Astor. (“Carl Benson. ”)
An American scholar and author; born in
New York city, Oct. 6, 1820; died in Wash-
ington, D. C. , Jan. 15, 1874. He graduated
from Yale University in 1839, and from Trin-
ity College, Cambridge, England, in 1845. He
traveled extensively in Europe, and was a fre-
quent contributor to the magazines. Among
his works are: Five Years in an English
University) (1851); (The Upper Ten Thou-
sand? (1852); "Interference Theory of Govern-
ment) (1868).
Britton, Nathaniel Lord. An American
scientific writer; born on Staten Island, N.