No More Learning

Your grace's humble grace may stand some stead, for whose pre
bead-man, - S. W.
Winchester to the Lord Protector.
AFTER my most humble commendations to
your good grace. I cannot discuss by con jecture, why evidence is thus put my
case, that hath been wont commonly
any presence with such should appoint fain not, and have cause fear, the effect
were there, the signification' whereof the will shew fain not indeed. chief cause these letters, far am now may not desperately forbear
encumbered with being here, might some grace, and think that because
encumbered there with hereafter, which should answer mine other letters, among which
me pleasure My matter that have say made mention this necessity, that should toucheth the highest, and worthy heard, likewise have none answer this. As have
whereunto my lord Canterbury can only determined myself truth the chief mat
granted men:
through policy,
ment, were good
mine absence from the upper house, with the
absence those have used name the
nether house, will not engender more cause
objection, opportunity serve hereafter, than Warden the Fleet, and my servants know that
should any man keep me from the parlia
quired: whereunto because have used all other means
remembered, whether
had answer, relief, that could avoid that need, one loth trouble your grace with requests not necessary, Master
the specialties know the greatest matters, which your grace
and have not written
shall perceive true, see evidently, that unless my matter very notable, and also
servation honour shall daily pray Al mighty God, who preserve your grace. the
Fleet. Your grace's humble bead-man. W. Winchester the Lord Protector. . . . ”
AFTER my most humble commendations your good grace. my third letters signified
unto your grace my need physician, the state
the counsel my body then re
matter understood, that
this case write your have had
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601] STATE TRIALS, 5 Edw. VI. 1531–for opposing Reformation, [602
ters, eschew use simulation by-matters: handled contrary the teaching the par my mind thank God was never quiet, liament. —Finally the books the matter
hath been since my coming hither, which hath relieved my body much, but the body hath need other relief, which cannot had am
kept commandment. These weeks sav ing one day have been here under such strait keeping, have spoken with man. And thus me seemeth see my matter perplexed, your grace will meddle with nothing done be
have show some part dangerous, af ter knew know the concealment thereof were great fault, did not utter
As for the manner mine enterprise utter
know not how have fashioned better,
fore your coming home. And those council that hath sent me hither, can selves nothing, now your grace
came
imprisonment, humbly departed
the them come home; upon which consideration sue none them, and perceive that your grace whom
wards me. And have learned
law that the deed number,
act with this also, the authority
the civil one man's ho
sue, for some respect forbeareth make me answer, for such Paraphrasis make your
grace's silence, wherein near think the truth, than Erasmus his Paraphrasis some time, wherein taketh upon him guess the causes Christ's doings, thank God my mind can take hurt, how vehement soever these
temptations be. But when certain sect hilosophers called stoicks, contemned their earning stoutly the grief and disease the
body, they were fain little shrink, when the gout any disease nipped them, and now
my stomach nippeth me, which have favoured much any man England, and have
laden light either with meat drink many years,and specially since my coming hither
any other. And after saw could get answer from your grace for physician, have left such study used, and given myself
continual walking for exercise, and with hope
relief, have delayed any further suit that jesty justly and rightfully and
matter till now. And now sue enforced, God ought supreme head which do most humbly with request, that im Church England, and also
the laws earth the
Ireland, and
the clergy this realm
tion, and act parliament justly and ac cording the laws God recognised. ”
less were charged with other offence than
am yet charged with, my conscience can granteth. -
be. For me secuneth have deserved thanks Art. Item, That his majesty, supreme
your grace, and the realm, for the disclosing
prisonment, being me, that was never prison before, itself too tedious, not with special commandment made more grievous, un
their convoca
the faults the Paraphrasis, wherein have
written some specialties, but not all; and have
such shew may term that book one
word, abomination, both for the malice and
untruth much matter out Erasmus pen
and also the arrogant ignorancy the transla
tor into English considering the book should firmatively.
authorised king, and the injunctions Art. Item, That and every his grace's charge the realm for buying rather above subjects are bound the law God obey 20,000l. than under, whereof have made ac his majesty's said laws, injunctions, and pro count estimate the number buyers, and ceedings concerning religion and orders the the price the whole books: the translator said Church.
sheweth himself ignorant, both Latin and To the third Article the said Bishop English, nan far unmeet meddle with such answereth affirmatively and grantcth
matter, and not without malice his part, Art. Item, That you Steven Bishop
whereby your grace may take argument, Winchester have sworn obedience unto his ma
what moved them that counseled your graee jesty supreme head this Church Eng authorise such book the realm. As for land, and also of Ireland.
my lord Canterbury's homily salvation
hath many faults, have been weeks
prison, which besides the general that the
matter maketh trouble without necessity, and subjects, that disobey any majesty's said
the council your absence, declare some part
than
and
when
mination
from them hither without grudge, and remain here without grudge any one them, for they shewed fashion any evil mind to
write
my knees
them receiving their deter
noured, which rule observe thought word
and deed. After which sort remain with
such suits have made your grace hitherto,
and with this also that add, enforced for the
relief my body, how little soever do, and
have cause set which most humbly desire your grace consider, and send me
some answer this bearer; and shall pray Almighty God for the preservation your grace's felicity. Your grace's humble bead man. W.
Articles and Positions ministered and objected, each them jointly and severally, the Bishop
inchester, and contained Letter from the Lord Protector the said Bishop fol loweth.
Article “Imprimis, That the king's ma
Winchester. This first Article the Bishop
head the said Churches, hath full power and authority make and set forth laws, injunc
tions, and ordinances for and concerning reli gion, and orders the said churches, for the increase virtue, and repressing errors, heresies, and other enormities, and abuses.
W. To this second Article he answereth af.
To the fourth Article, the said Bishop answereth affirmatively and granteth
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603] STATE TRIALS, 5 Edw. VI. 1331–Procoding against Bishop Gardiner, [004
laws, injunctions, ordinances, and proceedings which might seem unto me, that was not already set forth and published, or hereafter to of all believed that was diseased. And there
be set forth and published, ought worthily to be
punished, according to his ecclesiastical law used within this his realm.
fore with expedition, when could not ride, came horse litter, and according my duty presented myself my lords the coun
W. To this fifth Article the said Bishop cil, who then entertained me secretly among answereth affirmatively and granteth them before the matters were objected unto me, Art. Item, That you the said Bishop had been the same place with them well the king's majesty's late visitation within that was our late sovereign lord's days.
your diocese, sundry times have been Afterwards my lord Somerset's grace charged complained upon, and sundry informations me with these matters following, and this made against you for your doings, sayings, and form, having the articles written paper. — preachings against sundry injunctions, orders, First, with disobedience that came not his
and other proceedings his majesty, set forth for reformation errors, superstitions, and
other abuses religion.
W. This Article toucheth other men's acts,
sending for. Whereunto answered, That had his letters licence stay till might come conveniently. And upon these last letters
came incontinently horse litter. Then who how they have complained informed, was objected, That bare palms, and crept
". . .
tell. For at the time of the king's majesty's visitation was the Fleet, and,
the morrow after Twelfth Day was delivered Hampton-court, my lord Somerset and my lord Casterbury then being council, with
many other counsellors, and was delivered these words: The king's majesty hath granted
general pardon, and the benefit thereof was discharged: whereunto answered, That
cannot
answered,
misinformed, and trusted they would not think
durst deny had done because cere monies had such circumstances, might ea
sily reproved were otherwise. Then was objected, That Easter had solemn sepulchre the church, and such other cere monies. answered, That had even many
the cross. Whereto
That
they
were
the king's majesty's proclamations com was learned never refuse the king's majes manded me: declaring plainly, That thought
ty's pardon, and strength that was and would and did humbly thank majesty there fore, and then they began with me article
not expedient make any alteration, where offend the king's majesty's proclamation;
adding how that followeth com learning touching justification, whereunto manded very obedient. —It was then objected
they willed me say my mind; adding there with, that because other learned had agreed
unto me, That went about deface two the king's majesty's chaplains, sent down canons of the church of Winchester. Where
form delivered unto me, should not think
could alter it: which received of them, and unto answered, declaring the fact truly
promised the Thursday after repair my was, which am yet able justify. After this lord Somerset's house Sheene, with my matter thus oft objected and answered, was
mind written which did, and that day commanded apart, and being called seven-night following, appearing before him and again, my lord Somerset's grace, looking upon other the council, was committed my house bill articles, said had preached how the
for prisoner, because refused subcribe
the form of words and sentences that other had
agreed unto, they said. which time imprisonment my house, the bishop Ro chester then being sent me, and aster master Smith, and then master Cecil, which master
Cecil, when had learning resolved my mind the matter, delivered and delivering
my lord's grace, wrote me, his name, thanks for it; and was within the time Lent, ere was discharged that trouble, and
went Winchester man clearly out all travel business. -And within days after that, thereabouts, began other travel with me, upon request made my lord
apostles went from the presence the council, the council, the council;” which matter
denied, adding, That was not my fashion preaching, play iteration words. -- After that, was objected unto me for preach ing the sacrament, say, the body Christ was ‘really' present, being fault use the word ‘really, not comprised the scripture. Where unto answered, That did not use the word ‘really,’ which needeth not. For once heard my lord Canterbury reason against one Lam bert the presence the king's majesty that
dead the words the scripture, “This my body that shall betrayed for you,' plainly and lively express the very presence, and
did set forth the people my diocese. —
Somerset surrender college Cambridge,
and divers letters were written between his And this the effect that was said against
grace and me Wherein might perceive the secretary with his pen took occasion
prick me inore, than trusted my lord's grace
me my being the council, can re member. To whom declared how much
esteemed obedience, and told them had himself would have done. And this trouble taught my diocese, how the whole life
was deduced end. Then shortly after received letters coine the council, and reason alledged my disease, was respited
other letters, and three days before Whit suntide received yet other letters come,
Christian man consisteth stiffering properly and therefore we may not our own will, but the will God: and among men, we must
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605] STATE TRIALS, 5 Edw. WH, 1551,-for opposing the Reformation. [605
either suffer the rulers will, or their power; have had any by-admonitions, man faulty their will to order us, and their power to punish negligent any time, that remember not, us. After declaration whereof, my lord of for the observation any thing already made Somerset said, Ye must tarry in the town. set forth the king's majesty that now Whereunto I answered, I would be contented but have kept, and caused kept my at their commandinent or pleasure to tarry : power the king's majesty's acts, statutes, in but seeing I was no offender, I desired then I junctions, and proclamations inviolably, having might not tarry as an offender ; and for decla for that purpose such chancellor, orders ration thereof that I might have some house in and ordinances hath been always himself dili the country about London, to remove unto for gent and precise, for that time might have a shift. In devising whereof I stuck much to knowledge his doings.
borrow Asshar. My lord of Somerset said, if Art. Item, That after the premises, and he had any, in faith he would lend me one. for that those former admonitions and com
And in the end my lord of Somerset desired ine
to write what my mind was in ceremonies, and to send it unto him, and with that departed. — Thus I have truly opened after what sort I have been complained on, that hath certainly come to my knowledge; truth it that one Philpot
mandments notwithstanding, you did yet still
shew yourself not conformable, and for that
also others your example were much ani mated, and thereby occasion much unquiet
ness ministered among the people, you were called before the king's majesty's council the
the second year his ma them his majesty's be preach sermon before his
Westminster, whom accounted altered
his wits, have heard, devised tales
the specialities whereof never was called answer unto. Players and minstrels also rail ed me, and others made ballads aud rhymes of me, but never man had just cause com plain any my sayings, doings, preachings,
half commanded
majesty, and therein declare the justness and godliness his majesty's father his pro
month June, me, jesty's reign, and
ceedings upon certain matters partly mention certain articles you delivered writ my knowledge did, otherwise than afore. ing, and partly otherwise declared unto you.
And any man shall put me remembrance any other complaint that might my ab sence made me, have beard will
grant But well assured am, was never
complained on, and called make answer
the complaint, but this one time my whole life any man any degree. Once the lord Cromwell, God pardon his soul and forgive him, caused, one day and half
spent matter between Francis Brian and me, which was ended, and declared honest man, which the king's majesty that dead
God pardon his soul, set forth with his fami liarity me incontinently. And this the
trouble that have had my life, saving the sending the Fleet, being occasioned my
own letter the council, upon zeal that had, which they allowed not. And finally, this sending me the Tower; which was without calling me before the council, bear what could say. am loth forsworn, and therefore account all the complaints
my whole life made against me whereunto have been made privy. -
monished, commanded and enjoined con with sincerity conscience. The motion form yourself, your duty appertained. preaching was made unto me mine own W. To this seventh article answer; was house master Cecil, upon the duke So never called afore the council way out merset's behalf, after had been before the ward complaint and information, but only once council, have besore said; from which
and such like and just taking away chan tries, abbeys and colleges, hallowing candles,
water, ashes, palm, holy bread, beads, creeping the cross, and such like. Also, touching the setting forth the king's majesty's authority his young years great his high
ness were Inany more years. That auricular confession indifferent, and necessity
the law God; and touching the procession and common prayer English.
W. This Article being many parts some true, some otherwise, must an
swered division into divers members, divide the one from the other, granting that
which true, denying that which otherwise,
and openist, that which ambiguous, avoiding sion those and many other complaints and that which captious; as, according my informations, you have been sundry times ad oath, may open directly and plainly the truth,
Art. Item, That after and upon occa
my whole life, which was my last com ing London. Whereunto answered
council departed, before rehearsed,
no offender; and therefore when master Cecil spake me preaching before the king's ma
afore, and have told the form and process
this jesty, with request write my sermon before,
denied that manner preaching, because said was preach like an- offender, and
the higher powers my whole life, was none, but departed from the council other till my coming into the Tower, without that wise, have before shewed. And the said
speech serve furniture answer
and that article for other than have before written remember not to have done or suffer
The effect whereof was touching the usurped power and authority the bishop Rome,
that the same was justly and godly taken away this realm and other the king's majesty's do minions; touching the just suppressing and
taking away monasteries and religious houses,
pilgrimages, reliques, shrines, images. The
superstitious going about St. Nicholas bi shop, St. Edmund, St. Katharine, St. Clement,
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607] STATE TRIALS, 5 Edw. VI. 1551–Proceedings against Bishop Gardiner, [608
master Cecil did not say to me that I was brought my lord Somerset's chamber,
moved to preach, because I was not conforma ble; for I had at that time no manner of vari
and there the matter ended thus, that my lord Somerset said would require writing me, but remit me, spake the
ance with the council, but was in conformity
with them, for anything that know, will matters the papers delivered me master answer afore God. —As for evil example, Cecil. told him would speak them, sav any man, could none give, for never offend ing for childrens' toys, going about Saint
law, statute, proclamation this realm, Nicholas, and Saint Clement. that now did ever any act the impairing due gone, quoth and forgotten, too busy
obedience the king's majesty my whole rehearsal them, they will say
cumber
life; but observation them, and letting their heads with ceremonies, and thus they
innovations, have done much me lay will defame me. When ceremonies were plenty,
to maintain obedience. —After master Cecil they will say, did nothing but preach them,
had spoken me preaching, and delivered and now they gone, babble them still. two papers containing the matters whereupon said would teach the chief points, adding
should intreat, because refused give my that would speak other matters also, and sermon writing, which was me like of with that, being put my liberty choose the fender, read those papers another day, departed and otherwise was not spoken
man's device, the conception and sincere manner uttering mine own conscience,
which me thought then since, and yet, mar
vellous unreasonable matter, touching both my
conscience and honesty, was then set the named the papers delivered unto me, duke Somerset's grace's chamber, and came although not altogether after this sort; saving
back door himself alone, saving the setting forth the king's majesty's autho took him witness said, the lord now rity his minority, whereof there word
with concerning preaching, saving after Master Cecil came unto me, whereof shall speak
anon. —And concerning the matters
spoken of, all such things here rehearsed
Wiltshire, then great master; and after many words, he shewed me certain articles subscrib lawyers, what bishop might command, and what the king might command, and what
those papers, now was there ever any pro mise made me speak Truth
that after had signified the day when would preach, Master Cecil came unto me, makin the chief message know the day when would preach: whom had sent word before that should St. Peter's day, because me thought the Gospel served well for that purpose, and
ain the disobeyer. —To whom said plain and truly, how those lawyers subscription
could not serve this case command me utter the people, for mine own devise
words, that which not indeed might speak with these lawyers, said, should soon perceive them agree My lord said, should speak with
and grace
with me. man, and
process communication
should was bidden, worse, and bad me advise me till dinner was done. And
then was conveyed the lord great master his chamber, and there left alone dine, was indeed honourably prepared. But took
myself the nature prisoner, and restrained man. —And about two of the clock at afternoon came unto me master Thomas Smith, then secretary, unto whom complained
much king one year age hundred years age, and touched
the unreasonableness the matter, and touched king; and therefore (quoth he) shewed him certain particularities; who said speak king, must join counsel with all. was not meant precisely, but speak Whereunto made no answer, but shifted to
the matters. speak
To whom said, was content the matters, and then iff speak not
other matter, without making him any promise, denial, because would neither bind myself,
nor trouble myself discuss that matter. For albeit godly and wisely done every prince use counsel yet, speaking king's power
Scripture, cannot express Scripture
limit the king's power counsel. And hear ing blindly report some secret matter, that will not speak here, thought not med
dle with the pulpit: and yet the effect have our sovereign lord now obeyed,
which mind was ever, pointed our sovereign lord there presence, and said
was only obeyed, and would have but one king, and other words that purpose. But for any promise made me, ut terly deny and tell plainly the cause why
according
enough
and
desire.
with my conscience say men ought and should content and satisfied. And further,
thought that my manner the uttering those matters should offend the council,
had rather deny speak the thing, and begin the contention secretly with them, than begin with pulpit, and bring myself
further trouble than needed and therefore they would have me preach, would preach
myself, and these matters, thought they should content. —Whereupon was
the truth them, there should
bear witness my condemnation,
speak the truth, then they had their And said further, thought might
told me that had said king was
liked gaily well word that another communication, how
thought
him again, every man knew thar, and then
would well taken. told
opened myself the matter further. And
his next repair unto me, which was the Mon day before preached, the said Master Cecil brought me papers the king's majesty's hand, shewing me how the king's highness used note every notable sentence, and specially
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609] STATE TRIALS, 5 Edw. VI. 1551–for opposing the Reformation. [610
spake not otherwise of There was also, know not be, may happen two ways; the papers delivered unto me, occasion given one way firmity nature, another way
me speak the mass, because masses purpose. Charity Christian man permit satisfactory, some understand them. And teth not determine the worst of that which
also there was occasion speak the sacra doubtful and ambiguous both parties: ment the altar, because the proclamation touching doubtfulness objected, take God passed the same, which true, shall record, minded speak simply, and
the king's majesty's side only, and not invisible the world, with ambiguities, esteem ing him, &c. The worst man he, that will make himself lock words and speech, which known not my fashion, nor think this life worth that dissimulation, and how can that doubtful speech him, that pro fesseth agree with the king's laws, injunc
the said articles you spake and uttered your
mind such doubtful sort, the justness and be that call doubt whatsoever serveth not godliness majesty's father's and his pro their appetite. not the speaker sa ceedings was not set forth according the tisfy the hearer that will doubt where doubt commandment given unto you, and your own not. The sum my teaching was, that visi promise, the great offence the hearers, ble things ordered serve us, which we and manifest contempt his majesty, and dan may convenient service use. And when we
justify the said papers.
Art. Iteu, That you receiving the same;
and promising declare the same sermon you made before his majesty for that purpose the feast St. Peter the said second year
reign, did then and there contemptuously and disobediently omit declare and set forth many the said matters, and divers other
gerous example others. Touching that promise
serve them, that abuse, and may then, answer be the ruler's pleasure, unless scripture appointeth
that should special use them, corrected that use, or
letter sent from the duke shall speak after.
Somerset, whereof
from four the yet speak doubtfully, otherwhiles am rejected
tions and statutes, which did expressly? There
fore; and touching omission
have spoken contempt disobedience, taken away for reformation. And this
answer nine oath; did not omit any plain teaching that hath doubt but
thing did omit contempt disobe dience; for ever minded satisfy the pro mise, speak matters those papers according my former declaration. And
did percase omit any thing, whereof can make now assurance, being two years and
yea and nay both sides, without mean make doubt, And any that doubteth com eth unto me, will resolve him the doubt
my fault
half past since preached) but did omit and ignorance, whereunto resort, not for
any thing, who knew my travel the mat ter, would not marvel, being troubled with
shift, whereof indeed profess the knowledge,
but shew how sometime my hinderance
am noted learned, that can speak plainly, and
can. And commanded
promised speak plainly, am speak plainly, and cannot, then promise only the nature folly
had done my sermon as one that understandeth not the matter at all. the Friday, did neither drink, eat, nor As touching contempt, there can none ina
clock Thursday, till
sleep, careful was preaching without
pass over the travel nifest that proceedeth privy promise; slander the truth, had broken intended not, but intended
my promise, and dis take appeareth my general sentence,
God and the king's most agree with the superiors, and only find fault
and with satisfaction
charge my duty
excellent majesty. Wherein, whether- any the inferior subjects, who daily transgress
thing were omitted not, could have an swered more precisely than can now, ac cording my most instant suit, and the suit
my servants, the matter had been heard while was fresh memory. But because
the king's majesty's proclamations and other, whereof spake then.
Article 10th. Item, that you being also commanded his majesty's behalf, for avoiding tumult, and for other great con siderations, inhibited treat any matter
controversy concerning the mass, and
no mortal offence, man the communion, then, commonly called the remembrance will purge sacrament the altar, did contrary the
infirmity nature, pain our original sin,
omission may
which oblivion
which case
being put
therefore, according the true testimony said commandment and inhibition, declare mine own conscience, dare the more boldly divers your judgments and opinions the
deny contempt and disobedience, having for
my declaration general sentence spoken
my sermon, that agreed with the upper part
their laws, orders and commandments, such
like words, and found fault only the lower
part. By which sentence appeared, how
allowed the whole that was past hitherto, before the Friday when preached, M. Cecil and only disseuted from the doings them that came me, and having his other accesses attempt innovations their own presumption. spoken word thereof, did then utter and And furthermore say, That that saying (omis advise me from the Somerset, that should
sion) here objected unto me, were true, uot speak the sacrament the mass, WOL.
same, the manifest contempt his highness's said inhibition, the great offence the hear ers, and disturbance common quiet and unity the realm.
W. To the tenth Article the said bishop an swered, that the Wednesday afternoon, next
I.
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611] STATE TRIALS, 5 Edw. VI. 1551–Proceedings against Bishop Gardiner, [612 whereby he said I should avoid trouble. And when God biddeth me speak, doth
when he saw me not to take it well, I mean,
quoth he, doubtful matters. I asked him what? he said transubstantiation. I told him he wist
not what transubstantiation meant. I will
preach, quoth I, the very presence of Christ's
most precious body and blood in the sacrament,
which is the Catholic faith, and no doubtful
matter, ne yet in controversy, saving that cer the said month, which maintaineth my preach tain unlearned speak of it they wot not what. ing the sacrament and mass, according And among the matters, quoth I, whereof I the proclamation and injunctions, the violation have promised to speak, I must by special which public letters, had been disorder words speak of the sacrament and of the mass and contempt, whereas neither offended also. And when I shall so speak of them, I the one, nor the other.
—And for tumult,
will not forbear to utter my faith and true be none could reasonably feared any thing lief therein, which I think necessary for the spoken agreeable the king's majesty's laws, king's majesty to know; and therefore if I wist there did follow none, nor the people, nor to be hanged when I came down, I would speak any man did offer my person any wrong, or
Which plain zeal my conscience, ground make tumult against me notwithstanding, upon God's commandment his message players, jesters, rhymers, ballad-makers, did sig
truly, would not hide, but utter so, my lord mify me the true catholic faith, which
should, would not have spoken not let me come there might have done: whereas else, had had deceitful purpose,
might have accepted the advice, and without
any colour trouble have refused follow thing grounded upon wealth only, was
according my duty declared the king's majesty, from whom may hide truth that
think expedient for him know. And
the name God cannot used any crea ture against God, more can the king's name
king's majesty's laws, with discharge my con viz.
the month the third
year highness reign, his
them,
had been, they were not, such terms framed, his majesty sent efisoons unto you know
science and duty obey, although the said
had preciscly forbidden me, they did not, your conformity towards his said reformations, but only uttered speak matters con and specially touching the book common troversy the sacrament which indeed did not, prayer, then lately set forth majesty, but only uttered truth my conscience most whereunto you the same time refused certainly persuaded the most holy sacra shew yourself conformable.
blood present the sacrament feed us, that
was given redeem us. showed not my sovereign lord the truth thereof, for my part
preached yesterday obedience, but did
not obey yourself, and went forth with his
message very soberly, can, and discreetly. suffer him wittingly fall into that extreme asked him wherein obeyed not. He said,
danger body, which Saint Paul threateneth, whose person am bound nature, special
touching my lord Sadier, quoth grace, would letter for the love
Somerset's letter. Master pray you say unto my lord's
when the wolf cometh, and not hide myself silence, which the most shameful running
away all. have much matter alledge against the letter why should not credit written his name alone, against common letter, took written him and the Council, and published print the first day
used any subject against his highness. then tittered. With this my answer M. Cecil Wherefore seeing the abuse this holy sacra departed, and upon the Thursday which was ment hath danger assured scripture
the next day following, and the evening before body and soul; whosoever persuaded preached between three and four after the catholic faith am, findeth himself
noon, received letter signed with the hand burdened utter that unto his majesty, no
the duke am ready
Somerset, the copy whereof worldly loss can him duty that exhibit, and took then and es behalf, and much less my lord's private letters
teemed
now contain no effectual inhi
written without other the council's hands. bition whereunto might God's law, the Art. 11. Item, That after the premises,
May June one
ment, necessary known the king's ma jesty, and uttered me admitted
that place preaching, from whence God com
mandeth his truth uttered, which this for such matter, came his house the right nature truth, the undue estimation and use worshipful Anthony Wingfield, and Rafe whereof Saint Paul threateneth with temporal Sadler, knights, accompanied with great num death, may wise omitted. was ber the guard, and used themselves for their and on persuaded the right estimation the part according their worships, and doubt sacrament acknowledge the very pre not) they were appointed, and Rafe sence the same most precious body and Sadler began thus with me; My lord, said he,
so
oaths, and God's laws,
power, will do, and must
and ineans. And the king's majesty doth
vouchsafe teach his people not obey his
commandment, where God commandeth the upon the receipt and quoth
contrary, might not take my lord Somer see how began, and shewed him (because we sets letter for inhibition hold my peace, were then my study) the beginning my
preserve my ways
IV. To the 11th Article for answer and de claration thereof, said, the next day as ternoon after had preached, when looked
never made mention that bear him. And yet, quoth have not broken that letter, and was
mind quoth have written my lord may
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613] STATE TRIALS, 5 Edw. VI. 1551. —for opposing Reformation. [614
letter, and reasoned with him for the declara told him thought not, and the matter came
tion myself, and told him therewith, will not spend, quoth many words with you, for
cannot alter this determination. And yet
good faith, quoth my manner you, and broken this realm the punishment whereof this declaration may have this effect, that hath not been handled after this sort, and yet gently handled the prison, and for that pur would stand defence that have not broken pose pray you make suit my behalf— his letter, weighing the words his letter, Master Wingfield laid his hand my shoulder wherein reasoned with master secretary
and arrested me the king's name for disobe dience. asked him whither should They said the Tower. Finally desired then that
might spoken with shortly, and heard what
Peter what controversy was, and some part
what could say further. But whatsoever can say, quoth you must judge and for
the passion God and then me sue for mercy, when the nature the offence known, will have But when am, quoth declared offender, will with hu
could say suiters
After that
myself, and prayed them
and they said they would. — was once the Tower, until was
within six days one whole year, could hear mility suffering make amonds the king's no manner, word, mcssage, comfort, relief, majesty, far am able; for should never
saving once when was sick, and me thought offend him, and much less his young age. — some extremity towards me, my chaplain had My lord chancellor then shewed me the be leave come me once, and then denied ginning the act for common prayer, how again, being answered, that my fever was but dangerous
tertian, which my said chaplain told me when told him that he came me the Easter following, and came abroad,
would well aware But after the act, how man on Easter day departed, and for suit could should troubled for this act, unless were ever have him since. To master Lieutenant first indicted, and therefore (quoth may
judgment should appear. And then said hin, My lord, how many open injunc tions under seal and open court have been
was break the order
was true, and therefore
there being with me from the morning till night quoth
made divers suits provoke the duke So not kept prison for this act. Ah (quoth merset's grace hear me and might have he) perceive know the law well enough. the liberty Englishman, would plainly told him my chaplain had brought unto me declare had neither offended law, statute, act, the afternoon before. Then they required me proclamation, nor own letter neither; but look the book, and say my mind it; all would not help, and shall report me answered that thought not meet yield Mr. Lieutenant whether all this time ma myself scholar school prison, and
ligned, grudged, used any unseemly words, then slander myself though redeemed my
touching the honour like
quoth think that have forgotten myself? My duty, quoth requireth so, and will my knees desire him my good
ever demanding justice, and heard ac faults with my conscience.
cording justice. When had been thus law which
the Tower one whole year within six days subject, and
seven, remember, came the Tower the suffer the pain
lord chancellor England, now being the lord mity should shew, cannot tell; for mine treasurer, and master secretary Peter, who call offences past there any. have ing me unto them, remember, entered not suffered enough, will suffer more, upon thus; they said they had brought with them examination found faulty and for this book passed the parliament, which they new law, keep not, punish me likewise. would should look on, and say my mind —Then my lord chancellor asked me whether and upon my conformity lord So would not desire the king's majesty
merset would suiter the king's majesty for good lord. which words said: Alas my lord,
mercy ministered me. Whereunto answered, that trusted might heard, the
king's majesty's justice would relieve me, which
had long sited for, and could not heard. lord, and my lord protector also, quoth That
And sue for mercy, quoth when have well said, quoth my lord chancellor. And what not my conscience offended, and also sue will say further quoth my lord chancellor. out this place, where asking mercy in good faith, quoth this, that thought when plieth further suspicion than would be for had preached, that had not offended all, all the world touched in, were not expedient; and think still, and had not been for the and therefore, quoth not guilty, and hath article the supremacy, would have rather been continually allowed good plea pri fained myself sick, than occasion this that soner. Then my lord said, why quoth he, were hath followed; but going the pulpit, must
not commanded preach the king's all needs say said. Well, quoth my lord chan thority his young age, and did not? told cellor, our purpose again. Ye will, him was not commanded. not, quoth he, quoth he, desire the king's majesty your that article the papers had delivered you? good lord, and the lord protector also, and
assured him no. —And after communication say thought not have offended. All this the king's majesty's authority wherein was will say, quoth and will (quoth my lord
disagreement, then my lord chancellor said chancellor) submit yourself ordered had disobeyed my lord's grace's letter. my lord protector. Nay, quoth the law;
know, will keep
not, will willingly: And what more confor
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615] STATE TRIALS, 5 Edw. VI. 1551–Proceedings against Bishop Gardiner, [616
for my lord protector, quoth I, hath scourged fort say untruly myself. Well,
me over sore this year, to put my matter in his quoth my lord Warwick. will subscribe hands now. And in the latter point I varied the other articles? told him would. But
with my lord chancellor, when I would not then, quoth the article that toucheth me must refer my order to my lord protector, but to the put out. was answered, that needeth not, law; and staying at this point they were con for might write the outside what would tent to grant me of their gentleness to make say unto And then my lord Warwick en their suit to procure me to be heard, and to tertained me very gently, and would needs Iobtain me liberty to go in the gallery, and that whiles should write, have me sit down by
days him; and when saw me make somewhat following. I desired them to remember that strange do, pulled me nearer him, and
by way contempt, said, we had ere this sat together, and trusted of
should hear of one of them within two
I
nor in any evil manner, but that I was loth to we should again. And then having pen
refused not the book
yield myself a scholar in the Tower, and to be
seen to redeem my faults, if I had any, with
and ink given me, wrote, remember,
the article that touched me, these words; can not with my conscience say this myself;
my conscience. My body, I said, should serve
my conscience, but not contrarywise. And such like words. And there followed an arti
this is the truth, upon my conscience and oath, cle the king's majesty's primacy, and be
that was done and said at their coming. There gan
write the side that, and had made
Iwas more said to the purposes aforesaid. And
onward, may appear
the articles,
so;
but to the substance of the matter and fashion only my name after their articles, which did.
Iof the entreating. So near as I can remember Whereat because they shewed themselves pleas
truly discharged content, merrily, have mine oath. But I and was bold tell them
heard no more of my matter in one whole year That this means had placed my subscrip after almost, within fourteen days, notwith tion above them all; and thereupon pleased standing two letters written by me to the coun them entertain me much Iny comfort. — cil, of most humble request to be heard ac And was bold recount unto them merry cording to justice. And then at the end of tales my misery prison, which they seemed two years almost, came unto me the duke of content hear; and then told them also (de Somerset, with other of the council; which siring them not be miscontent with that matter because it is left out here, I shall not should say) when remember each them touch, but prepare it in a matter apart, for de alone, could not think otherwise but they were claration of my behaviour at times. my good lords, and yet when they meet together
Art. 12. Item, That after that, &c. the ninth feel remedy their hands. looked (quoth day July, the fourth year his majesty's when my lord Somerset was here,
myself precise words, bind not to the form of
and
they
would not have me
but write
reign, his highness sent unto you his grace's let ters, with certain submission and articles, whereunto his grace willed and commanded you
subscribe. To which submission you con temptuously resused subscribe.
out within two days, and made my farewel feast the Tower and all; since which time there
month past, thereabout and agree with them, and now agree with you, and may fortune forgotten. My lord treasurer
W. To the twelfth Article, for answer there said nay, should hear from then the next day;
unto, granted that about the time mentioned this article, the lord treasurer, the earl Warwick lord great master, William Har bert, and master secretary Peter came the Tow cry and called me before them, and deli vered unto Ine the king's mojesty's letters, which
have shew, and received them the hands the lord treasurer upon my knees, kissed them my duty was, and still upon my knees
read their, whereas they gently required me take inore ease, and apart with them, and
consider them: which after that had thoroughly
read, much lamented that should be com more but those.
manded say myself was there written, Alt. 13. Item, That you having eftsoons and say otherwise myself than ury consci certain the king's majesty's honourable coun cnce will suffer me, and where trust my deeds sent unto you the 12th July, the said will not condemn ine, there condemn myself 4th year, with the said submission, and being with my tongue. should sooner (quoth his majesty's behalf required and command
thein) commandment, think would consider again and better the said com bid me tumble myself desperately into the mission, and subscribe the same, stood
Thames. —My lord Warwick seeing one that agony, said, What say my lord, quoth he, the othcr articles: answered, That was loth disobey where might obey, and
justification yourself, and would wise
subscrib; thereunto.
W. To the 13th Article said, The next
day after the being the Tower the said lord not wrest my conscience, destroying the com treasurer, the earl Warwick, and other, caus
and out
their special commandment came the chamber after them, that they might seen depart my good lords; and was
done. By which process appeareth how there was me contempt, said this arti cle, but such subscription made they were content suffer me Inake, which took
my conscience for whole satisfaction the king's majesty's letters, which desire may
deemed accordingly. And one thing was said unto me further, that other would have put many more articles, but they would have
of
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617] STATE TRIALS, 5 Epw. VI. 1551. —for opposing Reformation. [61s
unto me sir William Harbert and master secre impute myself, and evermore thank them tary Peter, devise with me how make for their good will; and departed with them,
some acknowledging my fault (as they said)
trust they will testify, and misbehaviour inisdemeanor have been used my be
half.
Art. 15. Item, That after this, videlicet,
the 19th day July, the said 4th year, you being personally called before the king's majes ty's privy council, and having the said submis sion and articles openly and distinctly read unto you, and required subscribe the same, refu sed for unjust considerations you alledged
because the other form liked me not.
unto said,
enter with you
my innocency
words wriungs,
For although did more esteein liberty body, than the defamation myself, yet, quoth when had done with you, were not assured you come out. For when were
knew myself innocent, entreat devise
any the least point cither can have policy
Where
and impair
my own pen once made naughty man, subscribe the same.
then were not the more sure come out, but W. To the 15th Article grant, that upon
had locked myself the more surer and Saturday afternoon, even such tiune small pleasure were me have my body the day they were evensong the chapel liberty your procurement, and have my the court, was brought thither, and my conscience perpetual prison mine own act. coming the lords the council said, they were Many more words tiere were, and persuasions my judges special commission, and in
their parts; which caused me require tended proceed thus with me that should
them, for the passion
might take end parted, there being
God, that my matter subscribe certain articles which were then read, justice; and they de and must directly make answer, whether
disobedience shewed my behalf, but only legation for my defence mine innocency
the best manner could devise, trust they will testify.
Art. 14. Item, That after this, viz. the 14th day July the said 4th year, the king's imajesty sent yet again unto you certain his
contempt faction
would subscribe them or no. answered on
my knees this wise For the passion God,
my lords, my good iords, and let me be
tried justice, whether faulty no;
and for these articles, soon deliver
me my liberty, would make answer them whether would subscribe them or no. Then
they having further say, answered, these majesty's honourable council, with another sub articles were divers sorts some laws, mission, and divers other articles, willing and which may not qualify some laws,
commanding you subscribe your name there but learning and fact, which may have divers unto. Which you utterly refused. understandings, and subscription them W. To the 14th Article said, that the without telling what mean, were over dan Monday the morning following came the gerous. And therefore offered, for the more
bishop London, William Harbert, master declaration of nine obedience all their re secretary Peter, and another whom know quests, that they would deliver me the articles not, who brought with them paper, with cer into the prison with me, would shortly make
tain articles written which they required me subscribe. Winereupon most instantly required, that my matter might tried jus tice, which although were more grievous, yet
hath commodity with that endeth cer tainly the matter. And could never yet come
my assured stay, and therefore refused
meddle with any more articles, trouble
myself with the reading them; and yet they offer answer particularly, for could not desired me instantly read them, that
was content, and did read, and shew my per
fect obedient mind, offered incontinently upon
iny delivery out prison make answer
them all, such would abide by, and suffer
pain for, have deserved would indeed
gladly have been hand with my lord Lon
don; but said came not dispute, and
said was the hand of God that was thus
prison, because had troubled other men iny time. Finally, my request was, That they
should this form make my answer my lords of the council as followeth that most hum
bly thank them their good will by the way mercy, but because mine own innocent conscience
Art. 16. Item, That for your sundry and manifold contempts and disobediences this behalf used, the fruits your bishopric were then special commission majesty justly and lawfully sequestered.
trary the commandment God, the subject have justice, desired them, seeing both was may not cominouded, but humbly the king's majesty's hands, that might have stand his conscience, which toy case, who
which happed me more grievous, will could not with my conscience was re
them particular answer, and suffer the pains the law, that my answer might incur into. Whereupon was commanded apart, and they sent unto me the lord treasurer and inas ter secretary Peter, who communed with me
nean way, and that liked not the lords. And then was called forth again, and my absolute subscription required again and again made
with my conscience subscribe them they were absolutely. And these my considerations
trust just, seeing man for any com mandments ought offend his conscience,
must have done that case.
To the 10th Article, deny contempts
and disobedience parts, and say, That my
doings cannot termed, because deliver me taught this realm for doctrine obedi. respect ence, that king command that which con
had rather
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610] STATE TRIALS, 5 Eow. VI. 1551. —Proceedings against Bishop Gardiner, [620
uired. And as touching the fact of decree, because excessive correction, sequester there was indeed a decree read, having words my fruits and keep me prison. With other
so placed and framed as though I were such cases deduced where might have oppor an offender, which matter I deny. And in tunity. Which appellation protested inti that decree was mention made of administra mate soon could come any presence tion of fruits ; but whether the former words meet therefore, did this assembly my were of the present tense, or else to be seques last repair, desiring therewith the benefit resti
tered, I cannot precisely tell, but do refer that to the tenor of the decree.
tutionis integrum, because mine imprison ment; and therefore answer this matter with protestation that appeal, and utterly deny manner contempt.
Art. 19. Item, That you hitherto, according the said intimation and monition, have not
submitted, reconciled, nor reformed yourself,
Art. 17. Item, That after this you had inti mation and peremptory monition, with com
munication that you should within three months
next following the said intimation, reconcile
and submit yourself, under pain of depri watton.
W. To the 17th Article I answer, that in
the same decree of sequestration at the same W. To the 10th Article sayo, That have
time read, I kneeling from the beginning of the
decree to the latter end, I remember there was
an intimation and three months spoken and
expressed also how every month's end
should have pen and ink offered write,
would yet subscribe, and understand
was upon the pain proceeding further. And do not remember that heard the word de
privation, but therein refer me the acts
been this while
man could have access
any means write send any man, having made continual suit to master Lieutenant and master Marshnl, under whose am here, make suit my name the lords the council, that might come hearing, else bailed upon surety, which could not obtain, and have remained under the benefit
my said appeal the king's majesty, made
might for the time, which eitsoons desire may have liberty prosecute. —And whereas
answering these articles for declaration
the integrity my conscience, use the me the Tower, partly for my comfort, same places general words; protest mean partly for my necessary business, which could not those words set forth myself other not obtained. And yet provoke wise more arrogantly then direct intent
said my lord Warwick, how for agree (which excludeth malice) and purpose moveth ing with my lord Somerset had some me say, and my conscience beareth wit commodity, and for agreeing with him had ness unto me this time, and therefore will
nothing, and therefore would needs inter say therein with St. Paul, Nihil mihi conscius cession press him, that might this means sun, sed non hoc justificatus sum. Where have some my servants resorting unto fore any especially objected unto me, me. He answered very gently. And then one wherein, ignorance oversight and negli said, should within two three days have gence, any offence mine may appear against somebody come me. And then was dis the king's majesty's laws, statutes and injunc
the sentence
sired might
answer remaining
which when was read, de
testified what mine offer was,
those articles particularly even prison. And this done, made
suit for some
my servants abroad resort
missed, with coinmandment
let me have the same liberty more.
the lieutenant, tions, shall desire and protest that not
but contemptuously yet still remain your first disobedience.
prison kept,
council with me, nor
prejudicial credo, term)
any alteration my conscience presently
may myself say affirmation denial, almost six months passed time and number afore answered. And whereas spake
days, but not one month past the efect commandment made me against God's the law, nor ten days neither, because law, protest not touch my sovereign lord's
Art. 18. Item, That the said three months are now thoroughly expired and run.
civil matters use that
W. To the 18th Article said, There
have been kept prison, that could not seek for remedy form above said, nor was
there every month, after the form the sentence, offered me pen, ink, and liberty given
honour therein, which my duty means preserve, but that the commandment given
had, but
mine answer (for this present,
me consult and deliberate with other learned
men and friends, what were best do,
send unto them. And furthermore, the very
eighth day after the decree given, protested
before my servents, whom had only commo mand me. ”
dity use witnesses the nullity the After these things thus passed, certain the decree, for the evident and apparent matter council, the king's appointment, had sundry
it; but were any law, ap days and times access him the Tower pealed the king's majesty, because my re persuade with him, which were these, the duke quest was not admitted, have the copy Somerset, the lord treasurer, the lord privy the articles answer them particularly, and seal, the lord great chamberlain, and Mr. se
lawyers
true, that say, such without
resolveth against God's law my part the obedience given, because may not an swer say otherwise but est, est; non, non. So
my words and heart may agree together, else should offend God's law, which my sove
reign,
knew my conscience, would notcom
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621] STATE TRIALS, 5 Edw. VI. 1551. —for opposing Reformation. [622
cretary Peter. Who repairing him the 10th courage mutter and grudge against our most day June, anno 1550, desired them godly proceedings; whereof great discord and see the king's book proceedings; upon the inconvenience that time might have ensued. sight whereof would make full answer, For the avoiding whereof, and for your just
seeming willing things conform himself thereunto; and promising that case any thing offended his conscience, would
open none but the council. upon was agreed the book should
see his answer, that his case might
upon, and that for the mean time should have the liberty the gallery and garden the Tower, when the duke Norfolk were
absent. —The king then was lying Green
wich, which time the lieutenant the Tower nor yet shewed any appearance either re was appointed deliver the king's book the Pentance any good conformity our bishop Winchester. Who, within three days godly proceedings.
after, which was the 13th June, made decla have good cause
ration again unto the council, that the bishop justly the order
having perused said unto him, could former doings
make direct answer unless were liberty, and being would say his conscience. Whereupon the lords, and other that had been with him the other day, were appointed
him again receive direct answer, that
the council thereupon might determine further
order for him. —The answer the bishop being
received, through the report the lords which
reformed and punished the example others: yet for that we would
Where sent him resolved
deservings, you were our said council committed ward. Where albeit we have suf fered you remain long space, sending unto you the mean time sundry times divers
the noblemen and others our privy coun
cil, and travelling them with clemency and
favour have reduced you the knowledge your duty; yet this time have you
neither acknowledged your faults, nor made
any submission might have beseemed you,
Where with albeit we both offended, and might also our laws cause your
both the world and yourself also should know that we delight more clemency, than the straight administration justice, we have vouchsafed not only address unto you these our letters, but also send estsoons unto you four our privy council with certain Articles; which being with the advice our said
had been with him, declaration was made council considered, we think requisite for sun
again, the 8th day July, 1550, that his an
swers were ever doubtful, refusing while
were prison make any direct answer. Wherefore was determined that he should
directly examined whether would sin cerely conform himself unto the king's majesty's proceedings not. For which purpose was agreed that particular articles should drawn,
dry considerations subscribed you, and therefore will and command you subscribe the said Articles, upon pain incurring such punishment and penalties our laws may
put upon you for not doing the same. Given our palace Westminster, the 8th day July, the 4th year our reign. ”
see whether would subscribe them not, With this Letter, addressed from the King
and letter also directed unto him from the king's highness, with the which the lord trea
surer, the lord great master, the master the horse, and master secretary Peter, should repair
unto him; the tenor which letter hereafter insueth.
Letter sent the Bishop Winchester,
signed the King, and subscribed the Council.
“It not, we think, unknown unto you, with what clemency and favour we the advice
our council caused you heard and used, upon the sundry complaints and infor mations that were made to us and our said
and his Council, these ART1cles also were
delivered the Bishop Winchester here Jollowing.
The Copy the ARTICLES. “Whereas Stephen bishop Winchester
have been suspected one too much favouring
the bishop Rome's authority, decrees and or dinances, and one that did not approve or
allow the king's majesty's proceedings altera tion certain rights religion, was convented before the king's highness's council, and admo
nished thereof; and having certain things ap pointed me and preach my declara tion, have not done that ought do, though promised the same; whereby have not only incurred the king's majesty's in dignation, but also divers his highness's sub
(as repine
council your disordered doings and words,
both the time our late visitation, and
otherwise. Which notwithstanding, consider jects have my example taken encouragement ing that the favour, both then and many other
times ministered unto you, wrought rather
insolent wilfulness yourself, than any obe
dient conformity, such would have beseemed
man your vocation, we could not but use some demonstration justice towards you, well for such notorious and apparent contempts and other inobediences, atter and contrary
our commandment were openly known you, also for some example and terror of such others your example seemed take
myself condiguly have been punished, and
grace's council certainly informed) majesty's most godly proceedings; right sorry therefore, and acknowledge
most heartly thank his majesty, that his great clemency hath pleased his highness deal with me, not according rigour, but mercy. And the intent may appear the world how little repine his iighness's doings, which religion most godly, and the commonwealth most profitable, affirm and
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523] STATE TRIALS, 5 Edw. VI. 1551–Proceedings against Bishop Gardiner, [624
say freely of my own will, without any compul
sion, as ensueth. -1. That by the law of God, and the authority of scriptures, the king's ma
scre, then refer unto himself what sort and with what words he should devise sub mit him, that upon the acknowledgment his fault, the king's highness might extend his mercy and liberality towards him was determined.
jesty and his successors are the supreme heads
of the Churches of England and also of Ireland.