With him were associated, as viceroys of Arachosia, (1) his
brother Spalahores, (2) his nephew Spalagadames ; these two
(father and son) also held this office conjointly, and (3) his
brother Spalirises, who at one time held this office conjoint-
ly with his son Azes II (pp.
brother Spalahores, (2) his nephew Spalagadames ; these two
(father and son) also held this office conjointly, and (3) his
brother Spalirises, who at one time held this office conjoint-
ly with his son Azes II (pp.
Cambridge History of India - v1
495-96).
The family
of Menander seems to be represented by Agathocleia who
may have been his queen, his son Strato ), and bis great-
grandson Strato II. Numismatic evidence apparently shows
that this family was dispossessed finally of the kingdom of
Nicaea by Heliocles in the reign of Strato I. Its rule in the
eastern Punjab continued until the Çaka conquest in the
reign of Azes I (pp. 499-500).
Hippostratus probably belonged to the house of Euthydemus,
but his family is uncertain. He was contemporary with
Azes 1 (pp. 500, 516).
The Çunga Dynasty.
The dates depend on the statements of the Purāṇas (p. 467).
Pushyamitra (184-148 6. c. ), originally king of Vidica and com-
mander-in-chief of the last Maurya emperor, seized the
Maurya dominions and reigned at Pāțaliputra (pp. 466-67).
Deprived of the kingdom of Çākala by the Yavanas (probably
by Menander) (p. 467).
War between Vidiçā, now governed by his son Agnimitra as vice-
roy, and Vidarbha (assumed date c. 170 B. C. ) (pp. 468, 544).
Defeat of the Yavanas on the banks of the Sindhu by his
grandson Vasumitra (p. 469).
Invasion of his capital, Pāțaliputra, by the Yavanas (probably
under Menander) (pp. 491, 497).
Deprived of the kingdom of Avanti (Ujjayini) by the Andhra
king Çatakarni (pp. 478-79).
Later 'Cunga kings :- Agnimitra (p. 469); Vasumitra or
Sumitra (p. 469) ; Odraka, probably contemporary with
Bahasatimitra, king of Kauçāmbi (pp. 469, 473) ; Bhāga or
Bhāgavata, contemporary with Antialcidas, the Yavana king
of Takshaçilā, c. 90 B. C. according to the Purāņas (pp.
469-70, 503) ; Devabhūiti (p. 470).
Feudatories of the Çungas at Bhārhut, Mathurā, Kauçāmbi,
and Ahicchatra (pp. 471-74).
Mithradates I, king of Parthia.
The Yueh-chi defeated by the Huns began their migration west-
wards (p. 510)
Yavana princes of the house of Eucratides.
Eucratides deposed Euthydemus from the throne of Bactria
c. 175 B. C. (p. 401).
Conquered the Kābul valley, Ariāna (Arachosia and Aria), and
N. W. India before 162 B. C. (pp. 402, 500).
Evidence of his rule in Kāpiça as successor of Apollodotus
1 (p. 501) in Takshaçilā (p. 501), and possibly in Nicaea
(ibid).
Deprived of his conquests in Ariāna by Mithradates I between
162 and 155 B. C. , the assumed date of his death (pp.
411, 500)
171-138
165
162-25
## p. 644 (#682) ############################################
644
CHRONOLOGY
-
B. C.
Heliocles, probably the son of Eucratides and his successor in
both Bactria and India, ended his rule in Bactria c. 135 B. O.
(pp. 413-14, 502).
Evidence of his rule in the upper Kābul valley and in Push-
kalāvati (p. 502),
Extended the conquests of Eucratides probably to the east of
the Jhelum in the reign of Strato 1 (p. 499).
Antialcidas, a member of the house of Eucratides and one
of his successors in the Kābul valley (p. 503).
He
may
have been the son and immediate successor of
Heliocles (pp. 414, 504) ; on this assumption his accession
may be conjecturally dated 120 B. c. (p. 470).
Evidence of his rule in Takshaçilā (p. 503); in this kingdom
he was at one time associated with Lysias, whose family is
uncertain (p. 505).
As king of Takshaçilā he was contemporary with the Çurga
king of Vidiçā, Bhāga or Bhāgavata Bhāgabhadra, whose
14th year may be estimated from the Purāņas as c. 90 B. C.
(pp. 469-70, 504).
Later princes of this house :-(1) In Pushkalavati after the
reign of Heliocles-Diomedes, Epander, Philoxenus, Arte-
midorus, and Peucolaus (p. 502); (2) in Takshaçilā after
the reign of Antialcidas - Archebius (p. 505); and (3) in the
upper Kābul valley after the reign of Antialcidas-Amyntas
and Hermaeus (at one time associated with Calliope) (p.
505). The date c. 25 B. C. for the end of the reign of
Hermaeus is conjectural : it seems consonant with the view
that the upper Kābul valley was conquered in or before the
reign of the Pahlava suzerain Spalirises, the brother of
Vonones (pp. 506-7, 517-18).
138-128 Phraates II, king of Parthia.
His conflicts with the Scythians (Çakas) in eastern Irān
(p. 511).
135 Bactria overwhelmed by the Çaka invasion in the reign of the
last Yavana king Heliocles (p. 414).
128_123 Artabanus I, king of Parthia.
The struggle with the Çakas was continued in his reign
(p. 512).
126 The Chinese ambassador Chang-kien visited the Yueh. chi who
were still to the north of the Oxus. The Yueh-chi expelled
the Çakas from Bactria soon afterwards (pp. 412, 511).
123-88 Mithradates II the Great, king of Parthia.
His final triumph over the Çakas (p. 512).
75 B. C. -50 A. D. Period of Çaka and Pahlava supremacy in the Punjab.
Earliest Çaka settlements in the region of the Indus delta
(Indo-Scythia or Çaka-dvipa) (p. 509).
Maues wrested from the Yavanas Pushkalāvati after the reign
of Artemidorus, and Takshaçilā after the reign of Archebius.
The date, c. 75 B. C. , ascribed to these conquests is con-
jectural : it depends on the view that the assumption by
Maues of the title 'King of Kings' must necessarily be later
than the reign of Mithradates II (123-89 B. c. ) (pp. 504-5,
513-514).
Azes I acc. 58 B. C. , --so dated on the hypothesis that he was
.
## p. 645 (#683) ############################################
CHRONOLOGY
645
R. C.
successor
the actual founder of the Vikrama era (p. 515).
He extended the conquests of Maues to the more easterly
kingdoms of the Punjab (pp. 499-500).
Azilises appears to have reigned (1) in association with Azes I,
(2) alone, and (3) in association with Azes II (p. 516).
Azes II : his association with the strategos Aspavarman proves
that he was the immediate predecessor of Gondopharnes
(pp. 516, 520).
Gondopharnes, the
of Azes - II as viceroy of
Archosia under the suzerainty of Orthagnes ; at one time
associated in this office with his brother Guda ; he appears
to have succeeded Orthagnes as suzerain in eastern Irān,
and Azes II as suzerain in India (pp. 520-21).
He is known to have reigned from 19 to at least 45 A. D. (p.
519).
In different kingdoms he was associated with (1) his nephew
Abdagases who was probably his viceroy in eastern Irān
(pp. 521-23) ; (2) Sapedana and Satavastra who were probab.
ly governors of Takshaçilā (ibid); and (3) the strategoi
Aspavarman and Sasas (pp. 520, 523-24).
Pacores, the successor of Gondopharnes as suzerain in eastern
Irān and, nominally at least, in India. In Takshaçilā he
was associated with strategos Sasas (pp. 520, 523-24).
His rule is supposed to have come to an end in the upper
Kābul valley o. 50 A. D. and in N. W. India soon afterwards
(both dates must lie between 45 and 64 A. D. ) (pp. 526-27).
Satraps :-(1) at Pushkalāvati— Zeionises (p. 525, n. 1) ; (2) in
the region of Takshaçilā— Liaka Kusülaka (contemporary
with Maues) and his son Pātika who appears as great satrap
0. 30 B. c. (the supposed date of the Lion Capital of Mathurā)
(p. 518) ; (3) at Mathurā -Hagāmasha and Hagāna (p. 474),
Rañjubula (supposed dates-satrap c. 50 B. C. , great satrap
c. 30 B. C. ), Çodāsa (supposed date as satrap c. 30 B. c. ) great
satrap in 16'B. C. (pp. 518-19).
Strategoi :-(1) Aspavarman, son of Indravarman (Azes II
and Gondopharnes ; (2) Sasas nephew of Aspavarman
(Gondopharnes and Pacores) (pp. 520, 523-24).
Initial year of the Vikrama era.
Traditionally ascribed to a king Vikramāditya of Ujjain who is
said to have expelled the Çakas from India. The tradition
may have some historical foundation ; but in any case it
seems probable that the supposed founder of the era has
been confused with Chandragupta II Vikramāditya (380–
414 A. D. ) who finally crushed the Çaka power in Western
India (the Western Satraps) (pp. 479-80). It seems more
likely that the era marks the establishment of the Çaka
suzerainty by Azes I (p. 516), and that its use was trans-
mitted to posterity by the Mālavas and other peoples who
had once been feudatories of the Çakas (p. 443).
Orodes I, king of Parthia.
The squared letters which characterise the coin-legends of the
later Çaka and Pahlava rulers in India first appear on Par-
thian coins during his reign (p. 516).
58
57-38
## p. 646 (#684) ############################################
646
CHRONOLOGY
B. C.
30
Conjectural date of Vonones, Pablava suzerain of eastern Iran
(p. 517).
With him were associated, as viceroys of Arachosia, (1) his
brother Spalahores, (2) his nephew Spalagadames ; these two
(father and son) also held this office conjointly, and (3) his
brother Spalirises, who at one time held this office conjoint-
ly with his son Azes II (pp. 517-18).
Other suzerains of eastern Irān (in addition to those who ruled
also in India, for whom v. sup. ) were :
Spalirises, the successor of Vonones. The former kingdom of
Hermaeus in the upper Kābul valley appears to have been
annexed by the Pahlavas in or before his reign (p. 518);
Orthagnes, contemporary with Gondopharnes (p. 522); and
Sanabares, in Drangiāna (Seistān) ; there is no evidence of
his rule in Arachosia (Kandahār) (p. 524).
A. D.
8-11
50
64
Vonones I, king of Parthia (p. 517).
Approximate date of the extension of the Kushāņa power from
Bactria to the Paropanisadae (upper Kābul valley) and
Arachosia (Kandahār) in the reign of Gondopbarnes or
Pacores. The Kushāņa conqueror was Kujūla Kadphises
(pp. 526-27).
The extension of the Kushāņa power from the upper Kābul
valley to N. W. India (Pushkalāvati or W. Gandhāra) had
taken place when the Panjtār inscription was set up (year
122=63-4 A. D. ). The Kushāņa king mentioned in the
inscription may be either W'ima Kadphises or one of his
viceroys—possibly Kara Kadphises whose coins are found
in the same region (pp. 523, n. 1, 527).
Inscription of a Kushāna king (identified with W'ima
Kadphises) reigning at Takshaçilā in the year 136=77-8
A. D. (pp. 524-25).
Initial
year
of the Çaka era.
The Çaka era appears to have been so called at a later date
when it was best known as the era of the Çakas of Western
India (the Western Satraps) who were originally feudatories
of the Kushāṇas. It most probably marks the establish-
ment of the Kushāņa empire by Kanishka (pp. 527, 528).
The Suë Vihāra inscription of the 11th year of Kanishka
proves that the suzerainty of the Kushāṇas extended to the
country of the lower Indus at this date (p. 528).
78
89
## p. 647 (#685) ############################################
INDEX
.
Abastanes, tribe, 337
Āditi, 93, 208
Abdagases, 522, 523, 534, 536
Adityas, 78, 94, 208
Abhaya, king of Ceylon, 550, 551
Adiyārkku-nallār, 540
Abhaya, son of Yațịhālaya, 552
Adraistai, 333
Abhayagiri monastery, 553
Aelian, 241, 358, 365, 366, 370, 374, 382,
Abhaya Kumāra, 165
444
Abhidhamma, 171, 172, 175
Aemilius Paulus, 64
Abhijit, 124
Aeschylus, 354
Abhiras, tribe, 539
Aesop, 230
Abhisāra, 313, 316, 320, 323, 331, 332, Afghānistān, 21, 23, 26, 28, 30, 34, 39,
335, 338, 344, 365, 421
47, 66, 71, 170, 287, 292, 298, 303,
Abhisares, 421
304, 310, 311, 388, 391, 392, 399, 425,
Abhyāvartin Chāyamāna, 75, 78, 288 487, 489, 505, 509, 526, 584
Abu, mt, 19, 30
Afghāns, 38, 62, 315 ; Afghān War, 1882,
Açani, 212
30
Acesines. See Chenāb
Africa, West, 118
Achaemenids 46, 65, 285, 294, 305 ff. , Agalappulai, 539
340, 394, 445, 487, 510, 512, 560, 575 ; Agastya, sage, 546
inscriptions. See Persia
Agathocleia, 414, 458,459, 504,505, 531, 552
Āchārānga-sutra, 141, 143
Agathocles, 394, 404 ff. , 458, coins, 417,
Açmakas, 281, 282
493, 529
Açoka, Asoka, 148, 149, 168, 177, 199, agghakāraka, 194
200, 281, 389, 398, 426, 446 ff. , 465, Aghora, 213
467, 468, 473, 481, 484, 451, 564, 568, Agni, 65, 93, 94, 115, 127, 207, 209, 221,
572 ; chronology, 152, 453 ; edicts, 55, 257, on coins, 485
131, 171 ff. 429, 433, 434, 436, 439, 445, Agni-Brahmā, 450
447 ff. , 471, 487, 541, 542, 546, 560 Agnimitra, 200, 469 ff. , 471, 473, 485, 544
ff: ; extent of rule, 463 ff.
Agni Purāņa, 268
A cokarma, 449, 451, 452
Agoranomoi. See Agronomoi
Ācramas, 220, 250
Agra, 12, ff. , 15, 17, 21, 276
Acvaghosha, 435, 457
. Agrahāyani, 207
Açvakas, 315
Agrammes, 421, 422
Āçvalāyana Grihya Sūtra, 209, 210, 214, 'Agrianes, 314
224, 228
Agriculture, Indo-European, 61 ; Vedic,
Açvamdha, See Horse sacrifice
89; later 16, 120, 121, 180, 184, 213,
Açvamedhadatta, 269
228, 256, 368, 376, 427
Açavapati, 111, 112, 113
Agronomoi (for Agoranomoi,) 375, 458
Acvasena, 137
Ahiechatra 282, 469, 472 ff.
Açavattha, 121, 214
ahimsā, 123, 454
Āqvayuja rite, 214
Ahmadābād, 17, 19,24
Açvini, 99
Ahura Mazda, 68, 92, 285, 286, 289
Açvins, 93, 98, 123, 286
Aigloi, 347
Ādan I, II,
541
Ā’in-i-Akbarī, 427
Aden, 1, 2, 15, 32
Aitareya Āranyaka, 103 ; Brāhmana, 103,
Adharma, ordeal, 253
104, 108, 111, 113, 118, 120, 129, 227, 249,
Adhisīmakrishna, 269, 273, 275 ·
542
Adhộishțas, 332
Aiyar, K. G. Sankara, 484
Adhvaryu, 95, 102
Ajanta, 450, 576
Adhyakshas, 440
Ajas, 74, 76
Ādi Purāna, See Brahmā Purāņa
Ajata çatru of Kāci, 109, 110, 113
## p. 648 (#686) ############################################
648
INDEX
casus
>
Ajātaçatru of Magadha, Ajātasattu, 109, Amarāvati, on the Kistna, 542
139, 140, 143 ff. , 161 ff. , 168, 194 Amb, 319
277 ff. , 281, 302, 422, 566 ; Kūnika, Ambā, 226, 228
139, 162, 278
Ambāia, 38, 71
Ājivikas, 142, 435, 418, 451, 458, 461, Āmbhi, 313 ; Omphis, 213, 320, ff, 324,
561
329, 338, 343
Ajmer, 18, 20
Ambikā, 226
Ajodhyā. See Ajodhya
Ameshaspentas, 68
akāça, 376
Amitraghāta. See, Bindusāra
Ākara, 471, 480
Amitratapana Çushmina, 108
Akbar, 427
Amitrochates. See Bindusara
Akesines. See Chenab
Amoghabhūti, 477, 486
Ākhurāja, 213
Āmohini tablet, 474, 519, 520, 574
Ākhyāyikā, 434
Amorges, 303
Akre, 586
Amritsar, 23, 333, 372
Akshāvāpa, ratnin, 117
amsala, 123
Alakāpuri cave, 581
Amu Daria. See Oxus
'Alam, Shāh, 507
Amulets, 214
Alasanda, See Alexandria-under-the-Cau. Amun, 335, 340
Amusements, 91, 121, 123, 243, 374, 433
Alasanda-dvipa, 496
Amyntas, 502, 505, 534
Albanian, 63
Amyrgioi Sakai, 303, 504
Alexander-Nandrus, 422
Anaghā, 213
Alexander of Epirus, 452
Ānanda, elder, 179
Alexander the Great, 20, 26, 30, 46, Ananta Gumphā, Khandagiri, 579, 580
51 ff. , 100, 146, 200, 201, 279, 281, 296, anāsah, no-nose, 76, 238
297, 305, 309 ff. , 385, 386, 394, 404, 407, Anāthapiņdikb, 185, 188, 190, 193, 193, 566
420, ff. , 442, 443, 445, 468, 489 ff. , 496, Anatolia, 40
509, 563 ; coin types, 415 ; historians of, Ancyra, battle, 396
475, 488, 501 ; successors, 481 ff. , 510; Andamans, 6, 33
coins, 488 ; Itinerarium Alexandri, 489 Andhavana, 179
Alexander Polyhistor, 382
Andhradeça, 512
Alexandria, 382, 466
Andhraka, 467, 470
Alexandria=Rhambacia, 340
Andhras, 104, 111, 200, 201, 203, 223, 245,
Alexandria-among-the-Arachosians,
311,
249, 267, 277, 283, 284, 426, 428, 463, 465,
490
467, 468, 470, 471, 477 ff. , 537, 542 ff. ,
Alexandria [Opiana], 337
575. See also Telugus
Alexandria Sogdiana, 338
Andragoras, 394 ; coins, 417
Alexandria-under-the-Caucasus, 312, 313, Androsthenes of Cyzicus, 396
318, 344, 489, 490 ; Alasanda of the Androsthenes of Thasos, 380
Yonas, 496
Angas, 42, 104, 110 ff. , 143, 153, 154, 162,
Ali Masjid, 28
169, 276, 277, 281, 283, 475, 481, 544
Ālikhat, 207
Angas (Veda) 219, 434
Alinas, 73
Anguttara Nikāya, 153, 158, 165, 168, 171,
Alishang valley, 315
173 ff. , 180, 191, 192,
Allahābād, 12, 15, 26, 40, 98, 422, 469, 475, Animisha, 207
476 ; Prayāga, 98, 469
Animism, 128, 151
Allakappa, 155
Anjanavana, 177, 180
Almora District, 477, 486
Annam, 5, 43
Alphabets, 55, 125, 477. See Brahmi, Anspach, A. E. , 313, 315, 318, 324, 327, 332
Kharoshțhi
333, 334, 310, 341, 343
Alpine race, 40
Antaka, 213
Alwar, 75, 108, 282, 476
Antapālas, 440
Amarapura, 6
Antarvamçika, 440
9
)
## p. 649 (#687) ############################################
INDEX
649
Antialcidas, 414, 469, 470, 498, 503, 567; Appian, 388
coins, 502, 504, 505, 533
Apsarasas, 94, 130, 228
Antigone of Sophocles, 585
Arabian Sea, 2, 24, 30, 32, 45, 383, 539, 543
Antigonus, king of Asia, 386, 388, 425 Arabitae, 340
Antigonus Gonatas, 452
Arachosia, 78, 292, 294, 298, 302, 306, 341,
Antimachus I, Theos, 404 ff. , 505 ; coins, 388, 397, 399, 411, 425, 426, 489, 492, 493,
417, 451, 493, 52)
500, 509, 513, 515, 517, 518, 521, 526
Antimachus II, Nikephoros (? ), 404, 493
Aradā, 213
Antioch, 389
Arahant, See Arhat
Antiochus I of Syria, 349, 359, 389 ff. , Arakan, 6 ; range, 7
398, 402, 404, 407 ; coins, 416
Aral sea, 24, 62
Antiochus 11, Theos, 389, 391 ff. , 398, 417, Aramaic script, 55. See Kharoshțhi
452, 464; coins, 416 ff.
Āranyakas, 102 ff.
Antiochus III the Great, 394 ff. , 407, 411, Āraſtas, 216
462, 489
A råvalli hills, 18 fi. , 22, 31
Antiochus IV Epiphanes, 408, 411, 412 Aravas, 341
Antiochus VII, 411
Arbela, 305
Antiochus in Milindapanha, 496
Archebius, king, 502, 504, 534
Antipater, 385
Architecture, 122, 212, 231, 433, 566, 586 ;
Ants, gold-digging, 356, 362
Hellenistic, 585 ; Jain, 19 ; Musalmān,
Anu, tribe, 73, 105, 203
18, 21 ; chaityas, rock temples, stūpas,
Anuçāsana, 236
575
Anukramaņi, 113
Areioi, 305
Anula, queen, 553
Argante, 354
Anurādha, brother of Bhaddakachchānā, Arghandāb, river, 72
550
Argive king, 354
Anurādhapura, 549 ff.
Arhat, 142, 174
Anuruddha, king, 168
Aria, 78, 292, 302, 388, 411, 489, 491
anusamyāna, 458
Ariāna, 487, 489, 494, 500, 509, 512
Aornus, 319, 320, 331
Ariaspians, 297
Apadāna, 163, 175
Arigaeon, 316
Apālā, 80
Aristobulus, 315, 324, 358, 362, 372 ff. , 378
Apām Napāt, 93
Aristotle, 353
A paránta, 546
Arius, river, 396
Aparantaka, 450
Arjuna, 229, 230, 234, 237, 240, 476
A parytai, 303
Ārjunāyanas 476
Āpastamba, 101, 203, 205, 207, 209, 210, Armenia, 24, 40, 63, 513 ; language, 63, 65
212 ff. , 252, 257, 259, 261, 269
Armies, 88, 220, 241, 258, 368, 370, 375, 429,
Āpayā, 72, 74
441, 442, 466 ; modern, 24, 26, 28
Apes, See Monkeys
Arņa, 75
Aphices, Aphrikes, 319
Arnold, E. V. , 70, 96
Aphrodite on gems, 587
Arrian, 126, 260, 287, 296, 297, 305, 312 ff. ,
Apollo, on coins, 392, 393, 413, 416, 419, 316, 319, 322, 324 ff. , 328, 331, 333, 334,
493, 494, 498, 501, 529, 530
335, 339, 342, 343, 346, 348, 349, 358, 359,
Apollodorus of Artemita, 382, 400, 489, 363, 364, 366, 367, 369 ff. , 373, 381, 382,
490
389, 394, 401, 425, 430, 560
Apollodotus I, 413, 414, 490, 491, 493, Arsaces I, 394, 395
494, 496 ff. , 501, 502, 503, 505, 514, 529, Arsaces II, 394
530
Arsaces 1II, 395
Apollodotus II Philopator, 495, 498 ff. , 530, Arsaces of Uraçā, 335
531
Arsacidae, 412. See Parthians
Apollonius of Tyana, 382
Artabanus I, 412, 512, 521
Apollophanes, satrap, 341; king, 498, 499; Artabanus III, 521
coins, 532
Artabates, 304
>
;
9
## p. 650 (#688) ############################################
650
INDEX
9
.
Artaxerxes Mnēmān, 356
Atharvaveda, 42, 50, 103, 105, 107, 108, 110,
Artemidorus, 502, 503, 530
111, 121, 123, 124, 130, 131, 205, 223, 522,
Artemis, on coins, 503, 530
234, 266, 269, 270, 273, 276, 288
Arthaçāstra, 101, 135, 140, 262, 263, 378, Athena, on coins, 389, 403, 415 ff. , 498, 500,
420, 427 ff. , 454, 457
515, 531, 532, 535, on gems, 586; shield of,
Aruvāļar, tribe, 540,511
337
Aruvā-nādu, 540
Athenaeus, 371, 379, 380
Aruyā- vadatalai, 540
Athens, 310 ; coin types, 346, 415
ārya, 65, 215, 433
Athravas, 112
Āryamitra, 475, 483
Atithigva, 74, 91
Aryans, 35, 41, 48, 50, 58 ff. , 215, 216, 221, Ātman theory, 121, 135, 222
227, 238, 253, 262, 263, 272, 275, 276, 283, Aļņāra, 109
284, 285, 545, 516, in South, 540, 541, 542, Atthasālini, 172, 185
545, 547 ; invasions, 20, 32, 37, 40, 44, 45, Attic weight-standard, 347, 389, 390, 409,
46, 71, 107, 111, 199, 245, 538 ; languages, 413, 501, 584
44, 46, 63, 65, 66
Attock, 28, 310, 400
Āryāvarta, 45, 216
Atyarāti Jānamtapi, 108
Āryo-Dravidian type, 40, 41, 43, 107 Augustus Caesar, 541
Āryo-Indian stock, 65
Aurangabad District, 463, 478
Asandhimitrā, 451
Aurangzeb, 21
Āsandivant, 105, 108
Australians, 36
Ascetics, 135, 321, 369, 378
Austric languages, 33, 36, 43
Asela, son of Mutasiva, 551, 552
Ava, 6
Ashāụhasena, 472, 484
Avanti, 153, 154, 165 ff. , 245, 277, 282, 422,
Ashțakas, 318
463, 479, 480
Asia, 1, 447
Avantikā, 479
Asia Minor, 62
Avantiputta, 165
Asiani, 412
Avantivardhana, 277
Asiatic Society of Bengal, founded, 56, 58 Avesta, 44, 50, 65, 66, 68, 99, 100, 285 ff. ,
Asii, 412
289 ff. , ; Gāthās, 66
Asikni, Sce Chenāb
Āyar, tribe, 540, 541
Asoka. See Açoka
:
ayas, 50, 89, 122
Aspa, strategos, 524
Ayodhya, 272, 275, 475, 478, 484
Aspasioi, 315
Azes I, 500, 585 ; another, 516; coins, 503,
Aspavarman, 521, 522, 524, 533, 535 516 ff. , 530, 533, 538 ; era, 519, 523, 527
Aspionos, 411
Azes II, 517,518, 522,525; coins, 521, 533 ff.
Assagetes, 318
Azilises, 514, 517, 518; coins, 476, 485,
Assakas, 153, 154
514 ff. , 530 ff.
Assakénoi, 126, 315, 316, 317, 421
A ssakénos, 316
Bab-el-Mandeb, 383
Assam, 8, 10, 11, 32, 36, 42, 43, 556
Babelon, E. , 308, 391
Assamese, 44, 45
Babylon, 78, 295, 334, 346, 349, 385, 386,
Assurbanipal, 68
390 ; Babylonia, 68, 125, 558; trade, 55,
Assyria, 68 ; Assyrian kings, 126; art, 573, 189, 294, 356, 466
583 ; civilisation, 558
Back Bay, 15
Astakenoi, 126
Bactra, 396
Astes, 318
Bactria, 30, 39, 46, 52 ff. , 63, 293, 295, 303,
Astrologers, 121
311, 314, 343, 346, 349, 506 ; Greek king.
Astronomy, 124, 125, 132, 202, 345
dom, 30, 201, 384, 487 ff. , 496, 500, 508,
Astynomoi, 374, 375
510, 563, 584 ; Bactrians, 305, 306, 314,
Asura Maya, 612
345, 347, 509 coins, 401, 492, 483 ff.
Asuras, 94, 129, 130, 208 ; epithet of Badagara, 539
Varuņa, 92, 99
Baden-Powell, B. H. , 90
Athravaçiras, 219
Baghdad, 558
9
## p. 651 (#689) ############################################
INDEX
651
9
Bahasatimitra, 472, 484
Bellary District, 542
Bahāwalpur State, 528
Benaras, 12, 21, 22, 105, 154, 166, 177, 179,
Bahistān inscr. , 293, 299, 300, 302, 563 184, 188, 189, 190, 192, 268, 466, 470, 475;
Bāhiya, Tamil, 553
Division, 275
Bahmanābād, 339
Bengal, 7, 8 ff. , 21, 22, 31, 32, 42, 43, 45,
Baindas, 115
169, 216, 422, 461, 481 ; Bay, 2, 4, 5, 15,
Baines, Sir A. , 476
17, 30, 45, 361, 387, 539, 544; Nawābs, 21
Bairāt, 292
Bengali, 13, 45
Bākthrī. See Bactria
Bengali type. See Mongolo-Dravidian
Bakony Wald, 61
Berār. See Vidarbha
Pālā Tisu, 554
Bergny, A. V. , 477
Balabhūti, 474
Besnagar, 466 ; columns. See Bhilsa
Pālaka, 277
Betwa 471
Bālani Tissa, 554
Bhābrā, 449, 455
Balat Sivuvā, Balavat Sițuvāya, 554 Bhaddā, queen, 168
Balbhūtha, 77
Bhaddakachchānā, 607
Balhika Prātipiya, 109, 288 ; Balhikas, 111 Bhaddasāla, Bhadrasāra, monk, 450
Bali, king, 544
Bhaddiya, 157
Bali offering, 206
Bhadrabāhu, 137, 140, 147, 151
Balkans, 61
Bhadraka, 469
Balkh, 46, 63, 293, 311, 325, 396, 397 Bhadrasāra king. See Bindusāra
Baloch, 37, 47
Bhadrasāra, missionary. See Bhaddasāla
Baluchistān, 24, 26, 27, 34, 37 ff. , 47, 76, Bhadrasena, 110
287, 292, 297, 303, 388, 509, 538
Bhadrayaçasa, 500, 532
Baņa. See Harshacharita
Bhaga, god, 213
Banavāsi, 546
Bhāga, Çunga, 467, 470
Bandhupālita, 460
Bhāgabhadra, 470, 503
Band. i-Bajān, 293
Bhāgadugha, ratnin, 117
Banerji, R. D. , 280
Bhagala, 333, 421
Bangalore, 4, 14
Bhāgalpur, 42, 190, 276, 278, 281
Bankipore, 429
Bhagavadgitā, 243, 245, 437
Bannu District, 586
Bhāgavata, Çunga, 467, 470
Barābar hills, 448, 451, 560, 561, 575 Bhāgavatas. See Vishņu
Bareilly District, 473
Bhagavati-sūtra, 145
Barnett, L. D. , 262
Bhaggas, 156
Baroda, 17, 18
Bhājā cave, 576
Barsentes, 78
Bhalanases, 73
Bartholomae, C. , 290 ff.
Bhamo, 7
Barugaza. See Broach
bhaņdāgārika, 184
Bakārh. See Vesālī
Bhandarkar, D. R. , 263, 470
Basukund, 140
Bhandarkar, R, G. 469
Batin, 36
Bharadvaja, purohita, 467
Battie-axe, on coins, 485
Bhāradvajas, 74, 75, 78, 180
Baudhāyana, 119, 125, 193, 194, 212, 216, Bharata, ancestor, 271, 274
218, 219, 221 ff. , 261
Bhārata, country, 271
Bāveru, 189; Jātaka, 356
Bharata, Jain, 137
Bayana, 293
Bhārata, poem, 224, 228
Beal, S. , 462
Bharata Dauhshanti, 42, 107, 275
Beās, 52, 477 ; Vipāç, 71, 73, 290, 306, 309, Bharatās, 42, 73, 81, 82, 104, 105, 110, 224,
367, 491 ; Hyphasis, 309, 333, 335, 336, 225, 234, 246, 273, 274 ; seven, 155
343, 361, 384, 421, 489
Bharatavarsha, 271 ; Bhāratavarsha, 483,
Bedsă cave, 576 ff.
484
Begrām, 312, 406
Bharatpur, Bhartpur, 75, 282, 476
Bekanāța, 78
Bhārhut, 466, 472 ; Stupa, 178, 192, 429
>
## p. 652 (#690) ############################################
652
INDEX
>
9
432, 451, 472, 566, 567, 570, 573, 574, 577, 18, 20, 26, 30, 545
580
Bombay and Baroda railway, 17
Bharukaccha, See Broach
Bonner, R. T. , 118
Bhāsa, 424
Bopp, F. , 58
Bhāshya, 435
Borghāt, 16
Bhattiprolu, 477, 565
Bosporus, 62
Bhavishya Purāņa, 203, 269
Boyer, A. M. , 525
Bheda, king, 74, 274
Brahmā, 222, 271, 437 ; son of a, 83
Bhikshurāja, 545
Brahmā Purāņa, 262, 450
Bhils (Villavar? ), 539
brahmacharin, 122, 135
Bhilsa, 450, 543 ; topes, 450, 471, 480 ; Brahmadatta of Kāçi, 154, 160, 282
Besnagar columns, 470, 503, 567
Brahmajäla Sutta, 173, 434
Bhīma, Pāndu, 235
Brahmamitra, 424, 485, 568
Bhima of Vidarbha, 105
brahman, 84, 114, 127 ff.
Bbīmasena, 107
Brāhmaṇas, 41, 42, 51, 74, 75, 112 ff. , 120,
Bhishma, 228
123, 127, 129, 130, 132, 205, 222, 225, 266;
Bbītā, 560, 584
period, 41, 48, 74, 100 ff. , 233, 273, 275,
bhojaka, 181, 182
285, 435
Bhojakas, 482, 544
Brāhmans, Brāhmanism, 41, 45, 48 ff. , 82,
Bhojas, 244, 426, 463
85, 107, 109, 111, 112 ff. , 116, 118, 181,
Bhopāl, 576
186, 198, 211, 221, 231, 237, 249, 271, 275,
Bhțigukaccha. See Broach
338, 368, 436, 441, 469, 470, 539, 540 ; and
Bhộigus, 73, 109
Kshatriya dectrine, 114, 130 ; literature,
Bhutān, 10, 42
36, 43, 45, 49, 52, 69 ff. , 102 ff,
Bhütapala, Seth, 577
Brahmaputra, 7, 8, 10, 11, 32, 35
Bhūtapati, 129
Brahmarshideça, 41, 46, 50
Bhūts, 213
Brahmāvarta, 41, 72, 73, 83, 98, 275
Bihār, 12, 13, 15, 40, 42, 45, 49, 51, 105, Brāhmi script, 55 ; on coins, 404, 471, 478,
143, 217, 274, 276, 279, 437, 463, 475, 567, 485 ; on gems, 586 ; in inscriptions,
562, 575
567, 582
Bihāri, 45
Brāhūī, 37, 44, 76, 556 ; mts. , 487, 509
Bikaner, 18, 78
Bretzl, H. , 364
Bimarān, 585, 587
Bţibu, 78
Bimbisāra, 140, 143, 146, 162 ff. , 194, 277 ff. Bșihadāranyaka Upanishad, 104, 108, 122,
281, 302, 558, 571, ; Çreņika, 140, 278 127, 496
Bindusāra, 148, 149, 281, 450, 453 ; Bțihadratha, 276, 277, 481, 482, 488
Amitrochates, 389, 446 ; Bhadrasāra, Bțihaduktha, 108
446
Bșihannārāyaṇa Purāņa, 241
Biot, J. B. ,
125
Bșihaspati, law. book, 250, 251, 252, 255,
Birhors, 355, 356
256, 259
Birth ceremonies, 207, 211
Bșihaspati, Maurya 461
Bithynians, 63
Bșihāsvātimitra. See Bahasatimitra
Black cotton soil, 16
Bșiñjāras, 441
Black Sea, 62, 380, 510
Bțisaya, 74, 78
Bloch, Th. , 559, 582
Broach, Bharukaccha, 189, 190 ; Barugaza,
Bloomfield, M. , 73, 79, 84, 128
495 ; Bhrigukaccha, 466
Bodhi Kumāra, 166
Bronze, 50, 89; age of, 557
Bodhi Tree, 174, 566 ; in Ceylon, 551 Brunnhofer, A. , 289
Boghaz-köj inscriptions, 64, 65, 67, 286 Bucephala, 330, 335, 497, 531
Bohemia, 61, 63, 64
Buddha, 13, 109, 134, 135, 143, 165, 174,
Böhtlingk, o. , 78
191, 199, 275, 278, 283, 423, 433, 435, 443,
Bokhara. See Bukhāra
472, 492, 528, 549, 560; date, 100, 139, 145,
Bolān pass and river, 25 ff. , 73, 509
152 ff. , 547, 550 ; in sculpture, 561, 566
Bombay, 2, 15 ff. , 21, 24 ; Presidency, 17, 570, 571, 583, 584,586 ; Gotama, Gautama,,
3
## p. 653 (#691) ############################################
INDEX
653
>
2
>
>
man, 502
134, 163, 164 ; Siddhartha, 186, 273, 278, Çākyas, See Sākiyas
583
Caland, W. 91,
95
Buddhacharita, 435
Calcutta, 2, 8, 9, 15, 17, 21, 22, 26, 192
Buddhaghosa, 156, 161, 170, 174
Indian Museum, 561
Buddhavamsa, 175
Cāliçūka,'461
Buddh Gayā, 474, 560, 561 ; temple, 568, Calicut, 2, 3
569, 571. See Gayā
Calingon, cape, 544
Buddhism, 10, 18, 48 ff. , 54, 100, 104, 109, Calliope, queen, 493, 529
111, 128, 131, 135, 143, 152 ff. , 198, 199, Çalya, 228
232, 246, 435 ; councils, 172, 435, 449, 455, Cambala. See Sambala
ff. ; disappearance, 49, 131, 201 ; economic Çambara, 74, 76
conditions, 176 ff. ; missions, 389, 448, 456, Cambay, gulf, 14, 17, 19
546, 547, ff; in south 2, 540 ; texts, 49 ff. , Çāmbhavya Sūtra, 224
109, 112, 115, 139, 165, 168, 175, 265, 425, Cambodia, 43
432, 435, 436, 446, 495 ; their age, 170 ff. Çambhu, 338
Bühler, G. 55, 100, 125, 136, 149, 177, 191, Cambyses, 297 ff.
216, 217, 219, 223, 224, 233, 252, 283, 406, Camel, 28, 60 ; on coins, 531
439, 455, 458, 476, 477, 478, 482, 520 Camtanu, 113
Bukhāra 28, 307, 311, 313, 325, 350, 390, Canals, 23, 72
392, 396
Çanda, 207
Bulgarians, 59
Çankarācbārya, 127
Bulis, 154
Cankhāyana 208 ff. , 224
Bull, 89, 94 ; on coins, 485, 186, 493, 502, 'Çankhāyana Brāhmaṇa, 103
503, 530 ; on seals, 560 ; Bull and Horse. Cannibalisin, 355, 379
Çānti, 224
Bundelkhand, 75, 476
Caphāla, III
Burgess, J. , 528
Capisa, Capisene, 297. See Kāpiç. a
Burgon, T. , 402
Cappadocia, excavations, 64
Burial. See Dead
Caravans, 188, 189
Burma, 5ff. , 32, 35, 36, 42, 47, 48, 555 ; Cardamon hills, 3
railways, 7, 14, 18
Carmania, 385, 396
Barnell, A. C. , 248
Carnatic, 2, 3 ; Karņāța, 147
Carpathians, 61
Cabaras, 104, 111
Cartana, 312
Çaçadharman, 461
Çaryanāvant, 72
Çaçnāka, 462
Çaryāta, 113
Çaçigupta, 314, 319, 331
Caspian sea, 25, 62, 63, 390
Cadrusi, 312
Cassander, 390
Caduceus, on coins, 492, 529
Caste, 47 ff. , 67, 77, 95, 112 ff. , 116, 210,
Çailūsha, 123
211, 216, 219, 220, 222, 237 ff.
of Menander seems to be represented by Agathocleia who
may have been his queen, his son Strato ), and bis great-
grandson Strato II. Numismatic evidence apparently shows
that this family was dispossessed finally of the kingdom of
Nicaea by Heliocles in the reign of Strato I. Its rule in the
eastern Punjab continued until the Çaka conquest in the
reign of Azes I (pp. 499-500).
Hippostratus probably belonged to the house of Euthydemus,
but his family is uncertain. He was contemporary with
Azes 1 (pp. 500, 516).
The Çunga Dynasty.
The dates depend on the statements of the Purāṇas (p. 467).
Pushyamitra (184-148 6. c. ), originally king of Vidica and com-
mander-in-chief of the last Maurya emperor, seized the
Maurya dominions and reigned at Pāțaliputra (pp. 466-67).
Deprived of the kingdom of Çākala by the Yavanas (probably
by Menander) (p. 467).
War between Vidiçā, now governed by his son Agnimitra as vice-
roy, and Vidarbha (assumed date c. 170 B. C. ) (pp. 468, 544).
Defeat of the Yavanas on the banks of the Sindhu by his
grandson Vasumitra (p. 469).
Invasion of his capital, Pāțaliputra, by the Yavanas (probably
under Menander) (pp. 491, 497).
Deprived of the kingdom of Avanti (Ujjayini) by the Andhra
king Çatakarni (pp. 478-79).
Later 'Cunga kings :- Agnimitra (p. 469); Vasumitra or
Sumitra (p. 469) ; Odraka, probably contemporary with
Bahasatimitra, king of Kauçāmbi (pp. 469, 473) ; Bhāga or
Bhāgavata, contemporary with Antialcidas, the Yavana king
of Takshaçilā, c. 90 B. C. according to the Purāņas (pp.
469-70, 503) ; Devabhūiti (p. 470).
Feudatories of the Çungas at Bhārhut, Mathurā, Kauçāmbi,
and Ahicchatra (pp. 471-74).
Mithradates I, king of Parthia.
The Yueh-chi defeated by the Huns began their migration west-
wards (p. 510)
Yavana princes of the house of Eucratides.
Eucratides deposed Euthydemus from the throne of Bactria
c. 175 B. C. (p. 401).
Conquered the Kābul valley, Ariāna (Arachosia and Aria), and
N. W. India before 162 B. C. (pp. 402, 500).
Evidence of his rule in Kāpiça as successor of Apollodotus
1 (p. 501) in Takshaçilā (p. 501), and possibly in Nicaea
(ibid).
Deprived of his conquests in Ariāna by Mithradates I between
162 and 155 B. C. , the assumed date of his death (pp.
411, 500)
171-138
165
162-25
## p. 644 (#682) ############################################
644
CHRONOLOGY
-
B. C.
Heliocles, probably the son of Eucratides and his successor in
both Bactria and India, ended his rule in Bactria c. 135 B. O.
(pp. 413-14, 502).
Evidence of his rule in the upper Kābul valley and in Push-
kalāvati (p. 502),
Extended the conquests of Eucratides probably to the east of
the Jhelum in the reign of Strato 1 (p. 499).
Antialcidas, a member of the house of Eucratides and one
of his successors in the Kābul valley (p. 503).
He
may
have been the son and immediate successor of
Heliocles (pp. 414, 504) ; on this assumption his accession
may be conjecturally dated 120 B. c. (p. 470).
Evidence of his rule in Takshaçilā (p. 503); in this kingdom
he was at one time associated with Lysias, whose family is
uncertain (p. 505).
As king of Takshaçilā he was contemporary with the Çurga
king of Vidiçā, Bhāga or Bhāgavata Bhāgabhadra, whose
14th year may be estimated from the Purāņas as c. 90 B. C.
(pp. 469-70, 504).
Later princes of this house :-(1) In Pushkalavati after the
reign of Heliocles-Diomedes, Epander, Philoxenus, Arte-
midorus, and Peucolaus (p. 502); (2) in Takshaçilā after
the reign of Antialcidas - Archebius (p. 505); and (3) in the
upper Kābul valley after the reign of Antialcidas-Amyntas
and Hermaeus (at one time associated with Calliope) (p.
505). The date c. 25 B. C. for the end of the reign of
Hermaeus is conjectural : it seems consonant with the view
that the upper Kābul valley was conquered in or before the
reign of the Pahlava suzerain Spalirises, the brother of
Vonones (pp. 506-7, 517-18).
138-128 Phraates II, king of Parthia.
His conflicts with the Scythians (Çakas) in eastern Irān
(p. 511).
135 Bactria overwhelmed by the Çaka invasion in the reign of the
last Yavana king Heliocles (p. 414).
128_123 Artabanus I, king of Parthia.
The struggle with the Çakas was continued in his reign
(p. 512).
126 The Chinese ambassador Chang-kien visited the Yueh. chi who
were still to the north of the Oxus. The Yueh-chi expelled
the Çakas from Bactria soon afterwards (pp. 412, 511).
123-88 Mithradates II the Great, king of Parthia.
His final triumph over the Çakas (p. 512).
75 B. C. -50 A. D. Period of Çaka and Pahlava supremacy in the Punjab.
Earliest Çaka settlements in the region of the Indus delta
(Indo-Scythia or Çaka-dvipa) (p. 509).
Maues wrested from the Yavanas Pushkalāvati after the reign
of Artemidorus, and Takshaçilā after the reign of Archebius.
The date, c. 75 B. C. , ascribed to these conquests is con-
jectural : it depends on the view that the assumption by
Maues of the title 'King of Kings' must necessarily be later
than the reign of Mithradates II (123-89 B. c. ) (pp. 504-5,
513-514).
Azes I acc. 58 B. C. , --so dated on the hypothesis that he was
.
## p. 645 (#683) ############################################
CHRONOLOGY
645
R. C.
successor
the actual founder of the Vikrama era (p. 515).
He extended the conquests of Maues to the more easterly
kingdoms of the Punjab (pp. 499-500).
Azilises appears to have reigned (1) in association with Azes I,
(2) alone, and (3) in association with Azes II (p. 516).
Azes II : his association with the strategos Aspavarman proves
that he was the immediate predecessor of Gondopharnes
(pp. 516, 520).
Gondopharnes, the
of Azes - II as viceroy of
Archosia under the suzerainty of Orthagnes ; at one time
associated in this office with his brother Guda ; he appears
to have succeeded Orthagnes as suzerain in eastern Irān,
and Azes II as suzerain in India (pp. 520-21).
He is known to have reigned from 19 to at least 45 A. D. (p.
519).
In different kingdoms he was associated with (1) his nephew
Abdagases who was probably his viceroy in eastern Irān
(pp. 521-23) ; (2) Sapedana and Satavastra who were probab.
ly governors of Takshaçilā (ibid); and (3) the strategoi
Aspavarman and Sasas (pp. 520, 523-24).
Pacores, the successor of Gondopharnes as suzerain in eastern
Irān and, nominally at least, in India. In Takshaçilā he
was associated with strategos Sasas (pp. 520, 523-24).
His rule is supposed to have come to an end in the upper
Kābul valley o. 50 A. D. and in N. W. India soon afterwards
(both dates must lie between 45 and 64 A. D. ) (pp. 526-27).
Satraps :-(1) at Pushkalāvati— Zeionises (p. 525, n. 1) ; (2) in
the region of Takshaçilā— Liaka Kusülaka (contemporary
with Maues) and his son Pātika who appears as great satrap
0. 30 B. c. (the supposed date of the Lion Capital of Mathurā)
(p. 518) ; (3) at Mathurā -Hagāmasha and Hagāna (p. 474),
Rañjubula (supposed dates-satrap c. 50 B. C. , great satrap
c. 30 B. C. ), Çodāsa (supposed date as satrap c. 30 B. c. ) great
satrap in 16'B. C. (pp. 518-19).
Strategoi :-(1) Aspavarman, son of Indravarman (Azes II
and Gondopharnes ; (2) Sasas nephew of Aspavarman
(Gondopharnes and Pacores) (pp. 520, 523-24).
Initial year of the Vikrama era.
Traditionally ascribed to a king Vikramāditya of Ujjain who is
said to have expelled the Çakas from India. The tradition
may have some historical foundation ; but in any case it
seems probable that the supposed founder of the era has
been confused with Chandragupta II Vikramāditya (380–
414 A. D. ) who finally crushed the Çaka power in Western
India (the Western Satraps) (pp. 479-80). It seems more
likely that the era marks the establishment of the Çaka
suzerainty by Azes I (p. 516), and that its use was trans-
mitted to posterity by the Mālavas and other peoples who
had once been feudatories of the Çakas (p. 443).
Orodes I, king of Parthia.
The squared letters which characterise the coin-legends of the
later Çaka and Pahlava rulers in India first appear on Par-
thian coins during his reign (p. 516).
58
57-38
## p. 646 (#684) ############################################
646
CHRONOLOGY
B. C.
30
Conjectural date of Vonones, Pablava suzerain of eastern Iran
(p. 517).
With him were associated, as viceroys of Arachosia, (1) his
brother Spalahores, (2) his nephew Spalagadames ; these two
(father and son) also held this office conjointly, and (3) his
brother Spalirises, who at one time held this office conjoint-
ly with his son Azes II (pp. 517-18).
Other suzerains of eastern Irān (in addition to those who ruled
also in India, for whom v. sup. ) were :
Spalirises, the successor of Vonones. The former kingdom of
Hermaeus in the upper Kābul valley appears to have been
annexed by the Pahlavas in or before his reign (p. 518);
Orthagnes, contemporary with Gondopharnes (p. 522); and
Sanabares, in Drangiāna (Seistān) ; there is no evidence of
his rule in Arachosia (Kandahār) (p. 524).
A. D.
8-11
50
64
Vonones I, king of Parthia (p. 517).
Approximate date of the extension of the Kushāņa power from
Bactria to the Paropanisadae (upper Kābul valley) and
Arachosia (Kandahār) in the reign of Gondopbarnes or
Pacores. The Kushāņa conqueror was Kujūla Kadphises
(pp. 526-27).
The extension of the Kushāņa power from the upper Kābul
valley to N. W. India (Pushkalāvati or W. Gandhāra) had
taken place when the Panjtār inscription was set up (year
122=63-4 A. D. ). The Kushāņa king mentioned in the
inscription may be either W'ima Kadphises or one of his
viceroys—possibly Kara Kadphises whose coins are found
in the same region (pp. 523, n. 1, 527).
Inscription of a Kushāna king (identified with W'ima
Kadphises) reigning at Takshaçilā in the year 136=77-8
A. D. (pp. 524-25).
Initial
year
of the Çaka era.
The Çaka era appears to have been so called at a later date
when it was best known as the era of the Çakas of Western
India (the Western Satraps) who were originally feudatories
of the Kushāṇas. It most probably marks the establish-
ment of the Kushāņa empire by Kanishka (pp. 527, 528).
The Suë Vihāra inscription of the 11th year of Kanishka
proves that the suzerainty of the Kushāṇas extended to the
country of the lower Indus at this date (p. 528).
78
89
## p. 647 (#685) ############################################
INDEX
.
Abastanes, tribe, 337
Āditi, 93, 208
Abdagases, 522, 523, 534, 536
Adityas, 78, 94, 208
Abhaya, king of Ceylon, 550, 551
Adiyārkku-nallār, 540
Abhaya, son of Yațịhālaya, 552
Adraistai, 333
Abhayagiri monastery, 553
Aelian, 241, 358, 365, 366, 370, 374, 382,
Abhaya Kumāra, 165
444
Abhidhamma, 171, 172, 175
Aemilius Paulus, 64
Abhijit, 124
Aeschylus, 354
Abhiras, tribe, 539
Aesop, 230
Abhisāra, 313, 316, 320, 323, 331, 332, Afghānistān, 21, 23, 26, 28, 30, 34, 39,
335, 338, 344, 365, 421
47, 66, 71, 170, 287, 292, 298, 303,
Abhisares, 421
304, 310, 311, 388, 391, 392, 399, 425,
Abhyāvartin Chāyamāna, 75, 78, 288 487, 489, 505, 509, 526, 584
Abu, mt, 19, 30
Afghāns, 38, 62, 315 ; Afghān War, 1882,
Açani, 212
30
Acesines. See Chenāb
Africa, West, 118
Achaemenids 46, 65, 285, 294, 305 ff. , Agalappulai, 539
340, 394, 445, 487, 510, 512, 560, 575 ; Agastya, sage, 546
inscriptions. See Persia
Agathocleia, 414, 458,459, 504,505, 531, 552
Āchārānga-sutra, 141, 143
Agathocles, 394, 404 ff. , 458, coins, 417,
Açmakas, 281, 282
493, 529
Açoka, Asoka, 148, 149, 168, 177, 199, agghakāraka, 194
200, 281, 389, 398, 426, 446 ff. , 465, Aghora, 213
467, 468, 473, 481, 484, 451, 564, 568, Agni, 65, 93, 94, 115, 127, 207, 209, 221,
572 ; chronology, 152, 453 ; edicts, 55, 257, on coins, 485
131, 171 ff. 429, 433, 434, 436, 439, 445, Agni-Brahmā, 450
447 ff. , 471, 487, 541, 542, 546, 560 Agnimitra, 200, 469 ff. , 471, 473, 485, 544
ff: ; extent of rule, 463 ff.
Agni Purāņa, 268
A cokarma, 449, 451, 452
Agoranomoi. See Agronomoi
Ācramas, 220, 250
Agra, 12, ff. , 15, 17, 21, 276
Acvaghosha, 435, 457
. Agrahāyani, 207
Açvakas, 315
Agrammes, 421, 422
Āçvalāyana Grihya Sūtra, 209, 210, 214, 'Agrianes, 314
224, 228
Agriculture, Indo-European, 61 ; Vedic,
Açvamdha, See Horse sacrifice
89; later 16, 120, 121, 180, 184, 213,
Açvamedhadatta, 269
228, 256, 368, 376, 427
Açavapati, 111, 112, 113
Agronomoi (for Agoranomoi,) 375, 458
Acvasena, 137
Ahiechatra 282, 469, 472 ff.
Açavattha, 121, 214
ahimsā, 123, 454
Āqvayuja rite, 214
Ahmadābād, 17, 19,24
Açvini, 99
Ahura Mazda, 68, 92, 285, 286, 289
Açvins, 93, 98, 123, 286
Aigloi, 347
Ādan I, II,
541
Ā’in-i-Akbarī, 427
Aden, 1, 2, 15, 32
Aitareya Āranyaka, 103 ; Brāhmana, 103,
Adharma, ordeal, 253
104, 108, 111, 113, 118, 120, 129, 227, 249,
Adhisīmakrishna, 269, 273, 275 ·
542
Adhộishțas, 332
Aiyar, K. G. Sankara, 484
Adhvaryu, 95, 102
Ajanta, 450, 576
Adhyakshas, 440
Ajas, 74, 76
Ādi Purāna, See Brahmā Purāņa
Ajata çatru of Kāci, 109, 110, 113
## p. 648 (#686) ############################################
648
INDEX
casus
>
Ajātaçatru of Magadha, Ajātasattu, 109, Amarāvati, on the Kistna, 542
139, 140, 143 ff. , 161 ff. , 168, 194 Amb, 319
277 ff. , 281, 302, 422, 566 ; Kūnika, Ambā, 226, 228
139, 162, 278
Ambāia, 38, 71
Ājivikas, 142, 435, 418, 451, 458, 461, Āmbhi, 313 ; Omphis, 213, 320, ff, 324,
561
329, 338, 343
Ajmer, 18, 20
Ambikā, 226
Ajodhyā. See Ajodhya
Ameshaspentas, 68
akāça, 376
Amitraghāta. See, Bindusāra
Ākara, 471, 480
Amitratapana Çushmina, 108
Akbar, 427
Amitrochates. See Bindusara
Akesines. See Chenab
Amoghabhūti, 477, 486
Ākhurāja, 213
Āmohini tablet, 474, 519, 520, 574
Ākhyāyikā, 434
Amorges, 303
Akre, 586
Amritsar, 23, 333, 372
Akshāvāpa, ratnin, 117
amsala, 123
Alakāpuri cave, 581
Amu Daria. See Oxus
'Alam, Shāh, 507
Amulets, 214
Alasanda, See Alexandria-under-the-Cau. Amun, 335, 340
Amusements, 91, 121, 123, 243, 374, 433
Alasanda-dvipa, 496
Amyntas, 502, 505, 534
Albanian, 63
Amyrgioi Sakai, 303, 504
Alexander-Nandrus, 422
Anaghā, 213
Alexander of Epirus, 452
Ānanda, elder, 179
Alexander the Great, 20, 26, 30, 46, Ananta Gumphā, Khandagiri, 579, 580
51 ff. , 100, 146, 200, 201, 279, 281, 296, anāsah, no-nose, 76, 238
297, 305, 309 ff. , 385, 386, 394, 404, 407, Anāthapiņdikb, 185, 188, 190, 193, 193, 566
420, ff. , 442, 443, 445, 468, 489 ff. , 496, Anatolia, 40
509, 563 ; coin types, 415 ; historians of, Ancyra, battle, 396
475, 488, 501 ; successors, 481 ff. , 510; Andamans, 6, 33
coins, 488 ; Itinerarium Alexandri, 489 Andhavana, 179
Alexander Polyhistor, 382
Andhradeça, 512
Alexandria, 382, 466
Andhraka, 467, 470
Alexandria=Rhambacia, 340
Andhras, 104, 111, 200, 201, 203, 223, 245,
Alexandria-among-the-Arachosians,
311,
249, 267, 277, 283, 284, 426, 428, 463, 465,
490
467, 468, 470, 471, 477 ff. , 537, 542 ff. ,
Alexandria [Opiana], 337
575. See also Telugus
Alexandria Sogdiana, 338
Andragoras, 394 ; coins, 417
Alexandria-under-the-Caucasus, 312, 313, Androsthenes of Cyzicus, 396
318, 344, 489, 490 ; Alasanda of the Androsthenes of Thasos, 380
Yonas, 496
Angas, 42, 104, 110 ff. , 143, 153, 154, 162,
Ali Masjid, 28
169, 276, 277, 281, 283, 475, 481, 544
Ālikhat, 207
Angas (Veda) 219, 434
Alinas, 73
Anguttara Nikāya, 153, 158, 165, 168, 171,
Alishang valley, 315
173 ff. , 180, 191, 192,
Allahābād, 12, 15, 26, 40, 98, 422, 469, 475, Animisha, 207
476 ; Prayāga, 98, 469
Animism, 128, 151
Allakappa, 155
Anjanavana, 177, 180
Almora District, 477, 486
Annam, 5, 43
Alphabets, 55, 125, 477. See Brahmi, Anspach, A. E. , 313, 315, 318, 324, 327, 332
Kharoshțhi
333, 334, 310, 341, 343
Alpine race, 40
Antaka, 213
Alwar, 75, 108, 282, 476
Antapālas, 440
Amarapura, 6
Antarvamçika, 440
9
)
## p. 649 (#687) ############################################
INDEX
649
Antialcidas, 414, 469, 470, 498, 503, 567; Appian, 388
coins, 502, 504, 505, 533
Apsarasas, 94, 130, 228
Antigone of Sophocles, 585
Arabian Sea, 2, 24, 30, 32, 45, 383, 539, 543
Antigonus, king of Asia, 386, 388, 425 Arabitae, 340
Antigonus Gonatas, 452
Arachosia, 78, 292, 294, 298, 302, 306, 341,
Antimachus I, Theos, 404 ff. , 505 ; coins, 388, 397, 399, 411, 425, 426, 489, 492, 493,
417, 451, 493, 52)
500, 509, 513, 515, 517, 518, 521, 526
Antimachus II, Nikephoros (? ), 404, 493
Aradā, 213
Antioch, 389
Arahant, See Arhat
Antiochus I of Syria, 349, 359, 389 ff. , Arakan, 6 ; range, 7
398, 402, 404, 407 ; coins, 416
Aral sea, 24, 62
Antiochus 11, Theos, 389, 391 ff. , 398, 417, Aramaic script, 55. See Kharoshțhi
452, 464; coins, 416 ff.
Āranyakas, 102 ff.
Antiochus III the Great, 394 ff. , 407, 411, Āraſtas, 216
462, 489
A råvalli hills, 18 fi. , 22, 31
Antiochus IV Epiphanes, 408, 411, 412 Aravas, 341
Antiochus VII, 411
Arbela, 305
Antiochus in Milindapanha, 496
Archebius, king, 502, 504, 534
Antipater, 385
Architecture, 122, 212, 231, 433, 566, 586 ;
Ants, gold-digging, 356, 362
Hellenistic, 585 ; Jain, 19 ; Musalmān,
Anu, tribe, 73, 105, 203
18, 21 ; chaityas, rock temples, stūpas,
Anuçāsana, 236
575
Anukramaņi, 113
Areioi, 305
Anula, queen, 553
Argante, 354
Anurādha, brother of Bhaddakachchānā, Arghandāb, river, 72
550
Argive king, 354
Anurādhapura, 549 ff.
Arhat, 142, 174
Anuruddha, king, 168
Aria, 78, 292, 302, 388, 411, 489, 491
anusamyāna, 458
Ariāna, 487, 489, 494, 500, 509, 512
Aornus, 319, 320, 331
Ariaspians, 297
Apadāna, 163, 175
Arigaeon, 316
Apālā, 80
Aristobulus, 315, 324, 358, 362, 372 ff. , 378
Apām Napāt, 93
Aristotle, 353
A paránta, 546
Arius, river, 396
Aparantaka, 450
Arjuna, 229, 230, 234, 237, 240, 476
A parytai, 303
Ārjunāyanas 476
Āpastamba, 101, 203, 205, 207, 209, 210, Armenia, 24, 40, 63, 513 ; language, 63, 65
212 ff. , 252, 257, 259, 261, 269
Armies, 88, 220, 241, 258, 368, 370, 375, 429,
Āpayā, 72, 74
441, 442, 466 ; modern, 24, 26, 28
Apes, See Monkeys
Arņa, 75
Aphices, Aphrikes, 319
Arnold, E. V. , 70, 96
Aphrodite on gems, 587
Arrian, 126, 260, 287, 296, 297, 305, 312 ff. ,
Apollo, on coins, 392, 393, 413, 416, 419, 316, 319, 322, 324 ff. , 328, 331, 333, 334,
493, 494, 498, 501, 529, 530
335, 339, 342, 343, 346, 348, 349, 358, 359,
Apollodorus of Artemita, 382, 400, 489, 363, 364, 366, 367, 369 ff. , 373, 381, 382,
490
389, 394, 401, 425, 430, 560
Apollodotus I, 413, 414, 490, 491, 493, Arsaces I, 394, 395
494, 496 ff. , 501, 502, 503, 505, 514, 529, Arsaces II, 394
530
Arsaces 1II, 395
Apollodotus II Philopator, 495, 498 ff. , 530, Arsaces of Uraçā, 335
531
Arsacidae, 412. See Parthians
Apollonius of Tyana, 382
Artabanus I, 412, 512, 521
Apollophanes, satrap, 341; king, 498, 499; Artabanus III, 521
coins, 532
Artabates, 304
>
;
9
## p. 650 (#688) ############################################
650
INDEX
9
.
Artaxerxes Mnēmān, 356
Atharvaveda, 42, 50, 103, 105, 107, 108, 110,
Artemidorus, 502, 503, 530
111, 121, 123, 124, 130, 131, 205, 223, 522,
Artemis, on coins, 503, 530
234, 266, 269, 270, 273, 276, 288
Arthaçāstra, 101, 135, 140, 262, 263, 378, Athena, on coins, 389, 403, 415 ff. , 498, 500,
420, 427 ff. , 454, 457
515, 531, 532, 535, on gems, 586; shield of,
Aruvāļar, tribe, 540,511
337
Aruvā-nādu, 540
Athenaeus, 371, 379, 380
Aruyā- vadatalai, 540
Athens, 310 ; coin types, 346, 415
ārya, 65, 215, 433
Athravas, 112
Āryamitra, 475, 483
Atithigva, 74, 91
Aryans, 35, 41, 48, 50, 58 ff. , 215, 216, 221, Ātman theory, 121, 135, 222
227, 238, 253, 262, 263, 272, 275, 276, 283, Aļņāra, 109
284, 285, 545, 516, in South, 540, 541, 542, Atthasālini, 172, 185
545, 547 ; invasions, 20, 32, 37, 40, 44, 45, Attic weight-standard, 347, 389, 390, 409,
46, 71, 107, 111, 199, 245, 538 ; languages, 413, 501, 584
44, 46, 63, 65, 66
Attock, 28, 310, 400
Āryāvarta, 45, 216
Atyarāti Jānamtapi, 108
Āryo-Dravidian type, 40, 41, 43, 107 Augustus Caesar, 541
Āryo-Indian stock, 65
Aurangabad District, 463, 478
Asandhimitrā, 451
Aurangzeb, 21
Āsandivant, 105, 108
Australians, 36
Ascetics, 135, 321, 369, 378
Austric languages, 33, 36, 43
Asela, son of Mutasiva, 551, 552
Ava, 6
Ashāụhasena, 472, 484
Avanti, 153, 154, 165 ff. , 245, 277, 282, 422,
Ashțakas, 318
463, 479, 480
Asia, 1, 447
Avantikā, 479
Asia Minor, 62
Avantiputta, 165
Asiani, 412
Avantivardhana, 277
Asiatic Society of Bengal, founded, 56, 58 Avesta, 44, 50, 65, 66, 68, 99, 100, 285 ff. ,
Asii, 412
289 ff. , ; Gāthās, 66
Asikni, Sce Chenāb
Āyar, tribe, 540, 541
Asoka. See Açoka
:
ayas, 50, 89, 122
Aspa, strategos, 524
Ayodhya, 272, 275, 475, 478, 484
Aspasioi, 315
Azes I, 500, 585 ; another, 516; coins, 503,
Aspavarman, 521, 522, 524, 533, 535 516 ff. , 530, 533, 538 ; era, 519, 523, 527
Aspionos, 411
Azes II, 517,518, 522,525; coins, 521, 533 ff.
Assagetes, 318
Azilises, 514, 517, 518; coins, 476, 485,
Assakas, 153, 154
514 ff. , 530 ff.
Assakénoi, 126, 315, 316, 317, 421
A ssakénos, 316
Bab-el-Mandeb, 383
Assam, 8, 10, 11, 32, 36, 42, 43, 556
Babelon, E. , 308, 391
Assamese, 44, 45
Babylon, 78, 295, 334, 346, 349, 385, 386,
Assurbanipal, 68
390 ; Babylonia, 68, 125, 558; trade, 55,
Assyria, 68 ; Assyrian kings, 126; art, 573, 189, 294, 356, 466
583 ; civilisation, 558
Back Bay, 15
Astakenoi, 126
Bactra, 396
Astes, 318
Bactria, 30, 39, 46, 52 ff. , 63, 293, 295, 303,
Astrologers, 121
311, 314, 343, 346, 349, 506 ; Greek king.
Astronomy, 124, 125, 132, 202, 345
dom, 30, 201, 384, 487 ff. , 496, 500, 508,
Astynomoi, 374, 375
510, 563, 584 ; Bactrians, 305, 306, 314,
Asura Maya, 612
345, 347, 509 coins, 401, 492, 483 ff.
Asuras, 94, 129, 130, 208 ; epithet of Badagara, 539
Varuņa, 92, 99
Baden-Powell, B. H. , 90
Athravaçiras, 219
Baghdad, 558
9
## p. 651 (#689) ############################################
INDEX
651
9
Bahasatimitra, 472, 484
Bellary District, 542
Bahāwalpur State, 528
Benaras, 12, 21, 22, 105, 154, 166, 177, 179,
Bahistān inscr. , 293, 299, 300, 302, 563 184, 188, 189, 190, 192, 268, 466, 470, 475;
Bāhiya, Tamil, 553
Division, 275
Bahmanābād, 339
Bengal, 7, 8 ff. , 21, 22, 31, 32, 42, 43, 45,
Baindas, 115
169, 216, 422, 461, 481 ; Bay, 2, 4, 5, 15,
Baines, Sir A. , 476
17, 30, 45, 361, 387, 539, 544; Nawābs, 21
Bairāt, 292
Bengali, 13, 45
Bākthrī. See Bactria
Bengali type. See Mongolo-Dravidian
Bakony Wald, 61
Berār. See Vidarbha
Pālā Tisu, 554
Bergny, A. V. , 477
Balabhūti, 474
Besnagar, 466 ; columns. See Bhilsa
Pālaka, 277
Betwa 471
Bālani Tissa, 554
Bhābrā, 449, 455
Balat Sivuvā, Balavat Sițuvāya, 554 Bhaddā, queen, 168
Balbhūtha, 77
Bhaddakachchānā, 607
Balhika Prātipiya, 109, 288 ; Balhikas, 111 Bhaddasāla, Bhadrasāra, monk, 450
Bali, king, 544
Bhaddiya, 157
Bali offering, 206
Bhadrabāhu, 137, 140, 147, 151
Balkans, 61
Bhadraka, 469
Balkh, 46, 63, 293, 311, 325, 396, 397 Bhadrasāra king. See Bindusāra
Baloch, 37, 47
Bhadrasāra, missionary. See Bhaddasāla
Baluchistān, 24, 26, 27, 34, 37 ff. , 47, 76, Bhadrasena, 110
287, 292, 297, 303, 388, 509, 538
Bhadrayaçasa, 500, 532
Baņa. See Harshacharita
Bhaga, god, 213
Banavāsi, 546
Bhāga, Çunga, 467, 470
Bandhupālita, 460
Bhāgabhadra, 470, 503
Band. i-Bajān, 293
Bhāgadugha, ratnin, 117
Banerji, R. D. , 280
Bhagala, 333, 421
Bangalore, 4, 14
Bhāgalpur, 42, 190, 276, 278, 281
Bankipore, 429
Bhagavadgitā, 243, 245, 437
Bannu District, 586
Bhāgavata, Çunga, 467, 470
Barābar hills, 448, 451, 560, 561, 575 Bhāgavatas. See Vishņu
Bareilly District, 473
Bhagavati-sūtra, 145
Barnett, L. D. , 262
Bhaggas, 156
Baroda, 17, 18
Bhājā cave, 576
Barsentes, 78
Bhalanases, 73
Bartholomae, C. , 290 ff.
Bhamo, 7
Barugaza. See Broach
bhaņdāgārika, 184
Bakārh. See Vesālī
Bhandarkar, D. R. , 263, 470
Basukund, 140
Bhandarkar, R, G. 469
Batin, 36
Bharadvaja, purohita, 467
Battie-axe, on coins, 485
Bhāradvajas, 74, 75, 78, 180
Baudhāyana, 119, 125, 193, 194, 212, 216, Bharata, ancestor, 271, 274
218, 219, 221 ff. , 261
Bhārata, country, 271
Bāveru, 189; Jātaka, 356
Bharata, Jain, 137
Bayana, 293
Bhārata, poem, 224, 228
Beal, S. , 462
Bharata Dauhshanti, 42, 107, 275
Beās, 52, 477 ; Vipāç, 71, 73, 290, 306, 309, Bharatās, 42, 73, 81, 82, 104, 105, 110, 224,
367, 491 ; Hyphasis, 309, 333, 335, 336, 225, 234, 246, 273, 274 ; seven, 155
343, 361, 384, 421, 489
Bharatavarsha, 271 ; Bhāratavarsha, 483,
Bedsă cave, 576 ff.
484
Begrām, 312, 406
Bharatpur, Bhartpur, 75, 282, 476
Bekanāța, 78
Bhārhut, 466, 472 ; Stupa, 178, 192, 429
>
## p. 652 (#690) ############################################
652
INDEX
>
9
432, 451, 472, 566, 567, 570, 573, 574, 577, 18, 20, 26, 30, 545
580
Bombay and Baroda railway, 17
Bharukaccha, See Broach
Bonner, R. T. , 118
Bhāsa, 424
Bopp, F. , 58
Bhāshya, 435
Borghāt, 16
Bhattiprolu, 477, 565
Bosporus, 62
Bhavishya Purāņa, 203, 269
Boyer, A. M. , 525
Bheda, king, 74, 274
Brahmā, 222, 271, 437 ; son of a, 83
Bhikshurāja, 545
Brahmā Purāņa, 262, 450
Bhils (Villavar? ), 539
brahmacharin, 122, 135
Bhilsa, 450, 543 ; topes, 450, 471, 480 ; Brahmadatta of Kāçi, 154, 160, 282
Besnagar columns, 470, 503, 567
Brahmajäla Sutta, 173, 434
Bhīma, Pāndu, 235
Brahmamitra, 424, 485, 568
Bhima of Vidarbha, 105
brahman, 84, 114, 127 ff.
Bbīmasena, 107
Brāhmaṇas, 41, 42, 51, 74, 75, 112 ff. , 120,
Bhishma, 228
123, 127, 129, 130, 132, 205, 222, 225, 266;
Bbītā, 560, 584
period, 41, 48, 74, 100 ff. , 233, 273, 275,
bhojaka, 181, 182
285, 435
Bhojakas, 482, 544
Brāhmans, Brāhmanism, 41, 45, 48 ff. , 82,
Bhojas, 244, 426, 463
85, 107, 109, 111, 112 ff. , 116, 118, 181,
Bhopāl, 576
186, 198, 211, 221, 231, 237, 249, 271, 275,
Bhțigukaccha. See Broach
338, 368, 436, 441, 469, 470, 539, 540 ; and
Bhộigus, 73, 109
Kshatriya dectrine, 114, 130 ; literature,
Bhutān, 10, 42
36, 43, 45, 49, 52, 69 ff. , 102 ff,
Bhütapala, Seth, 577
Brahmaputra, 7, 8, 10, 11, 32, 35
Bhūtapati, 129
Brahmarshideça, 41, 46, 50
Bhūts, 213
Brahmāvarta, 41, 72, 73, 83, 98, 275
Bihār, 12, 13, 15, 40, 42, 45, 49, 51, 105, Brāhmi script, 55 ; on coins, 404, 471, 478,
143, 217, 274, 276, 279, 437, 463, 475, 567, 485 ; on gems, 586 ; in inscriptions,
562, 575
567, 582
Bihāri, 45
Brāhūī, 37, 44, 76, 556 ; mts. , 487, 509
Bikaner, 18, 78
Bretzl, H. , 364
Bimarān, 585, 587
Bţibu, 78
Bimbisāra, 140, 143, 146, 162 ff. , 194, 277 ff. Bșihadāranyaka Upanishad, 104, 108, 122,
281, 302, 558, 571, ; Çreņika, 140, 278 127, 496
Bindusāra, 148, 149, 281, 450, 453 ; Bțihadratha, 276, 277, 481, 482, 488
Amitrochates, 389, 446 ; Bhadrasāra, Bțihaduktha, 108
446
Bșihannārāyaṇa Purāņa, 241
Biot, J. B. ,
125
Bșihaspati, law. book, 250, 251, 252, 255,
Birhors, 355, 356
256, 259
Birth ceremonies, 207, 211
Bșihaspati, Maurya 461
Bithynians, 63
Bșihāsvātimitra. See Bahasatimitra
Black cotton soil, 16
Bșiñjāras, 441
Black Sea, 62, 380, 510
Bțisaya, 74, 78
Bloch, Th. , 559, 582
Broach, Bharukaccha, 189, 190 ; Barugaza,
Bloomfield, M. , 73, 79, 84, 128
495 ; Bhrigukaccha, 466
Bodhi Kumāra, 166
Bronze, 50, 89; age of, 557
Bodhi Tree, 174, 566 ; in Ceylon, 551 Brunnhofer, A. , 289
Boghaz-köj inscriptions, 64, 65, 67, 286 Bucephala, 330, 335, 497, 531
Bohemia, 61, 63, 64
Buddha, 13, 109, 134, 135, 143, 165, 174,
Böhtlingk, o. , 78
191, 199, 275, 278, 283, 423, 433, 435, 443,
Bokhara. See Bukhāra
472, 492, 528, 549, 560; date, 100, 139, 145,
Bolān pass and river, 25 ff. , 73, 509
152 ff. , 547, 550 ; in sculpture, 561, 566
Bombay, 2, 15 ff. , 21, 24 ; Presidency, 17, 570, 571, 583, 584,586 ; Gotama, Gautama,,
3
## p. 653 (#691) ############################################
INDEX
653
>
2
>
>
man, 502
134, 163, 164 ; Siddhartha, 186, 273, 278, Çākyas, See Sākiyas
583
Caland, W. 91,
95
Buddhacharita, 435
Calcutta, 2, 8, 9, 15, 17, 21, 22, 26, 192
Buddhaghosa, 156, 161, 170, 174
Indian Museum, 561
Buddhavamsa, 175
Cāliçūka,'461
Buddh Gayā, 474, 560, 561 ; temple, 568, Calicut, 2, 3
569, 571. See Gayā
Calingon, cape, 544
Buddhism, 10, 18, 48 ff. , 54, 100, 104, 109, Calliope, queen, 493, 529
111, 128, 131, 135, 143, 152 ff. , 198, 199, Çalya, 228
232, 246, 435 ; councils, 172, 435, 449, 455, Cambala. See Sambala
ff. ; disappearance, 49, 131, 201 ; economic Çambara, 74, 76
conditions, 176 ff. ; missions, 389, 448, 456, Cambay, gulf, 14, 17, 19
546, 547, ff; in south 2, 540 ; texts, 49 ff. , Çāmbhavya Sūtra, 224
109, 112, 115, 139, 165, 168, 175, 265, 425, Cambodia, 43
432, 435, 436, 446, 495 ; their age, 170 ff. Çambhu, 338
Bühler, G. 55, 100, 125, 136, 149, 177, 191, Cambyses, 297 ff.
216, 217, 219, 223, 224, 233, 252, 283, 406, Camel, 28, 60 ; on coins, 531
439, 455, 458, 476, 477, 478, 482, 520 Camtanu, 113
Bukhāra 28, 307, 311, 313, 325, 350, 390, Canals, 23, 72
392, 396
Çanda, 207
Bulgarians, 59
Çankarācbārya, 127
Bulis, 154
Cankhāyana 208 ff. , 224
Bull, 89, 94 ; on coins, 485, 186, 493, 502, 'Çankhāyana Brāhmaṇa, 103
503, 530 ; on seals, 560 ; Bull and Horse. Cannibalisin, 355, 379
Çānti, 224
Bundelkhand, 75, 476
Caphāla, III
Burgess, J. , 528
Capisa, Capisene, 297. See Kāpiç. a
Burgon, T. , 402
Cappadocia, excavations, 64
Burial. See Dead
Caravans, 188, 189
Burma, 5ff. , 32, 35, 36, 42, 47, 48, 555 ; Cardamon hills, 3
railways, 7, 14, 18
Carmania, 385, 396
Barnell, A. C. , 248
Carnatic, 2, 3 ; Karņāța, 147
Carpathians, 61
Cabaras, 104, 111
Cartana, 312
Çaçadharman, 461
Çaryanāvant, 72
Çaçnāka, 462
Çaryāta, 113
Çaçigupta, 314, 319, 331
Caspian sea, 25, 62, 63, 390
Cadrusi, 312
Cassander, 390
Caduceus, on coins, 492, 529
Caste, 47 ff. , 67, 77, 95, 112 ff. , 116, 210,
Çailūsha, 123
211, 216, 219, 220, 222, 237 ff.
