No More Learning

For better later and surer, than sooner, and never
delivered. Yet one thing have written
This was written
“I LEARNED
day your majesty's coronation, you took
expend and weigh the two oaths together, see how they agree, and then your
time write unto your majesty, which were
necessary being my
fore beseech your majesty, that may have such these may stand with your majesty's
the queen's ma
another Letter the Queen.
doctor Martin, that
the
oath obedinence the pope Rome, and the same time you took another oath this realm, maintain the laws, liberties, and cus
toms the same. And your majesty did
was ac useth obedient
defend his person,
authority, honour, laws, lands and privileges.
make cording
oath the pope, think the other oaths which
princes; which
each them contrary,
Christ gone. And forasmuch evil men long digesting good men, the body Christ, their doctrine, entereth far, and tarrieth long wicked men godly any
minister him,
maintain his
And so, which know not but
port, then beseech your majesty look upon your oath made the crown and realm, and
-
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833] STATE TRIALS, I MARy, 1553. −for Treason and Heresy.
to the queen's majesty inclosed and sealed; make mine Appeal. But whether which I require you may be so delivered with first appeal from the judge delegate
[834
should the pope, out delay, and not be opened until it be deli and afterward the general council, else
vered unto her grace's own hands. I have leaving the pope, should appeal immediately
written that remember said, except that which spake against the bishop Glouces
ter's own person, which thought not meet write. And some places have written more than said, which would have answered
the bishop you would have suffered me. You promised should see mine answers
the council, herein stand need your counsel. —Many causes there for the which think good appeal. First, because am
oath bound never consent the re ceiving the bishop Rome's authority into
this realm. Besides this, whereas utterly re
fused make answer the articles objected the sixteen Articles, that might correct, unto me the bishop Gloucester, appointed
amend, and change them where thought good,
the pope my judge, yet was content answer Martin and Story, with this protesta
which your promise
kept not. And mine
. . ".
answer was not made upon my oath, nor re
tion,
peated, nor made Judicio, but ertra Judi made before judge, nor yet place judg
cium, protested; nor the bishop
Gloucester judge, but you the king's and queen's proctors. trust you deal sincerely with me without fraud craft, and use me you would wish like case yourselves. Remember, that Qua mensura mensi fueritis,
ment, but pertaining nothing judgment and moreover, after had made mine answer, required have copy the same,
that might either adding thereunto,
altering taking from correct and amend thought good. The which though both the bishop Gloucester, and also the king
eadem remetietur vobis, What measure you
inete, the same shall measured you again. and queen's proctors promised me, yet have Thus fare you well, and God send you spirit they altogether broken promise with me, and
here insert, under ensueth
LETTEB Dr. Cranmer, Archbishop,
they say, denieth man the remedy appeal
Lawyer
for the
drawing
APPEAL. men,
kept
skill herein
out nature requireth
“The law
that forth may done without
offence God, every one should seek
defend and preserve his own life. Which
thing, when about three days ago bethought
myself and therewithal remembered how
that Martin Luther appealed his time from
pope Leo the 10th, general council, lest
should seem rashly and unadvisedly cast time, you will apply this my matter only, till away myself, determined appeal like you have brought pass. The chiefest sort some lawful and free general council. cause very deed, tell you the truth, this
. . But seeing the order and form appeal per mine appeal that might gain time, taineth the lawyers, whereof myself am shall please God, live until have finished ignorant, and seeing that Luther's appeal cometh mine answer against Marcus Antonius Constan not my hand, purposed break my mind tius, which have now hand. But the in this matter some faithful friend and skil adversaries the truth will not admit mine
ful the law, whose help might use this appeal, fear they will not, God's will behalf, and you only among other came my done; pass not upon that God may
remembrance man most meet versity for my purpose. But this
this uni therein glorified, my life, my matter death. For much better for me die
that requireth great silence, that man Christ's quarrel and reign with him, than
know before be done.
an summoned make mine answer
the 16th day this month; before the which awhile this warfare, for the commodity and day think good, after sentence pronounced, profit my brethren, and the further ad
WOL.
that mine answer should not be taken
induce you into truth. ” have not permitted me correct my said Ye heard before how the archbishop Dr. Cran answers, according my request, and yet not
mer the month February was cited withstanding have, understand, registered Rome, and the month March next follow the same acts formally done place
ing was degraded the bishop Ely and judgment—Finally, forasmuch this my bishop Bonner. time which his degrada
tion put his Appellation. this his
Appellation, because needed the help some good and godly lawyer, writeth
certain friend his about the same the copy which letter Latin before expressed the old book Acts, there read, page
trouble cometh upon my departing from the bishop Rome, and from the popish religion,
fered appear some general council this 1492. The English the same thought good matter; specially seeing the law nature,
that now the quarrel betwixt the pope. him self and me, and man can lawful and indifferent judge his own cause, seemeth, mcthinks, good reason, that should suf
such cases. —Now, since
that this matter should be, perhaps for lack
very requisite close may
you shall have need
beseech you even for the fidelity and love you
bear me Christ, that you will open creature alive whose the case And foras
much the time now hand, and the mat ter requireth great expedition, me obtain thus much you, beseech you, that laying aside other your studies and business for the
so that here shut up, and kept the prison Rome, this body, unless were continue yet still
|.
further advice; then
-
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s35] STATE TRIALS, 1 MARY, 1553. −Proceedings against Archbishop Cranmer, [835
vancing of God's glory. To whom be glory yourself from the malice yours and God's for evermore, Amen. —There also yet ano enemies, into some place were God most ther cause why think good appeal, that purely served, which slandering the
whereas am cited Rome answer truth, but preserving yourself God, and there for myself, am notwithstanding kept the truth, and the society and comfort
here fast prison, that cannot there appear Christ's little flock. And that you will do,
the time appointed. Arid moreover, foras with speed, lest your own folly you fall much as the state stand matter of life into the persecutors hands. And the Lord send
and death, that have great need learned council for my defence this behalf; yet when
made my earnest request for the same, manner counsel and help proctors, advo cates and lawyers was utterly denied me. Your loving friend, Tho. CRAN MER. ”
Another Letter Dr. Cranmer, Archbishop, Mrs. Wilkinson, exhorting her fly the time Persecution.
“The true comforter distress only God, through his son Jesus Christ; and who
soever hath him, hath company enough al
though
his holy spirit lead and guide you whereso
ever you go, and that godly will say, Amen. ”
Unto these former Letters of Dr. Cranmer archbishop, written him unto others,
God absent, miserable wilderness and desolation. him comfort, and without him none. Wherefore beseech
you seek your dwelling there where you may truly and rightly serve God, and dwell him,
God praised again for this your most excel lent promotion which are called unto this present, that that are counted worthy
allowed amongst the number Christ's records and witnesses. England hath had but
few learned bishops, that would stick Christ ignem inclusive. Once again thank God heartily Christ for your most happy on set, most valiant proceeding, most constant suffering such insanies, hissings, clap pings, taunts, open rebukes, loss living and liberty, for the defence God's cause, truth, and glory. cannot utter with pen how rejoice
my heart for you three such captains the foreward under Christ's cross, banner, stand
ard such cause and skirmish, when not only one two our dear Redeemer's strong holds are besieged, but all his chief castles ordained for our safeguard, are traitorously impugned. This your enterprise the sight that heaven, and God's people earth,
most pleasant behold. This another man ner nobility, than the fore front worldly warfares. For God's sake pray for us, for we fail not daily pray for you. We are stronger and stronger the Lord, his name be
and have him ever dwelling heavy burden
man cannot suf Christ's religion you loath depart from your kin and friends,
remember that Christ calleth them his mother,
sisters and brothers, that do his Father's will.
Where we find therefore God truly honoured
according his will, there we can lack neither
friend nor kin. —If you loath depart for
the slandering God's word, remember that
Christ, when his hour was not yet corne, de
such place
fered serve God
you. What can unquiet conscience,
me not much out place annex certain Letter also Dr. Taylor, him and his fellow-prisoners: the
seemeth
withal
written
tenor of which letter here followeth:
“To my dear fathers, and brethren, Dr. Cranmer, Dr. Ridley, and Dr. Latimer, pri soners Oxford, for the faithful testimony God's holy word. Right reverend fathers
were wilderness all alone: and
that hath twenty thousand his company, grace and peace through Jesus Christ; and
the Lord, wish you enjoy continually God's
parted out
the malice
commanded
his country unto Samaria, avoid the Scribes and Pharisees; and
sued one place, they should
And was not Paul down
apostles that
they were pur another.
basket out window, avoid the persecution Aretas
And what wisdom and policy used from time time escape the malice enemies,
the Acts the apostles declare. And after
the same sort did the other apostles; albeit, praised, and we doubt not but
when came such point, that they could longer escape danger the persecutors
God's true religion, then they shewed them selves, that they lying before came not fear,
Christ; then they shewed how little they
Christ's own sweet school. Heaven all and
wholly our side; therefore Gaudete Do mino semper, iterum gaudete crultate, Rejoice always the Lord and again, rejoice and glad. Your assured Christ, Rowlax
but godly wisdom more good; and
that they would not rashly without urgent me TAYLoR. ”
cessity offer themselves death, which had
been but temptation God. Yea, when De Tho. Cranmeri Archiepiscopi qui carcere de they were apprehended, and could ionger
avoid, then they stood boldly the profession
Sed revocas lubricos meliora pedes. passed death; how much they feared God Te docuit lapsus magis vestigia firmes,
more than men, how much they loved and pre Atque magis Christo consocière tuo ferred the eternal life come above this short Utdue tuæ melius studeas harescere causae;
and miserable life. Wherefore exhort you well, Christ's commandment, the ex
ample him and apostles, withdraw
Sic mala non raro causa fuere boni.
bene successit; nam ficta adultera turba
Illudens aliis, luditur arte pari.
timebatur palinodia.
TE Cranmere, gravis sontem prope fecerat error;
his
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s37]
STATE TRIALS, I MARY, 1. 553. -for Treason and Heresy. [833
certos actus processerat, ipsum Tho mam super praemissis examinaverat, citatione praedicta, una cum jus legitima executione partibus facta, coram eodem Jacobo cardinali
iudicialiter producta, processu per audien tiam literarum nostrarum contradictarum con
tra eundem Thoman citatum non compa renten decreto, cum processu coram dicto episc. Gloucestrensi contra ipsum Thornam partibus habito coram praefato Jacobo cardinali productus fuisset, idem Thomas, cita tus, contraeum nihil diceret, imo comparere non curaret, prafato Thoma videndum per
reverend Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas ipsum Jacobum cardinalem referri causam Cranmer. referri juramentum supplementum plena:
probationis quantum opus esset, conclu “ PAULUs Episcopus servus servorum Dei dendum audiendum sententian definitivam, charissimo in Christo filio Philippo Regi, & certam tunc expressam diem, horam per charissimae in Christofilia: Mariae Regina An audientiam literarum contradictarun hujus
gliae, Francia, illustribus ac venerabilibus fra modi citato, omnibus actis actitatis causis tribus Londinensi & Eliensi Episcopis salutem, finjusmodi diligenter visis consideratis, cau & apostolicam benedictionem. Dudum per saun ipsam ac omnia pramissis actitata no
bis consistorio nostro secreto sideliter retulit: Qua relatione nobis praefertur facta, causa ipsa cum venerabilibus fratribus nostris sanctae
Nempe pia sic est frustratus frande papismus; Et cessit summo gloria tota Dco.
In mortem D. Cranmeri Cant. Archiepiscopi.
Infortunate est foelix, qui numine la so Cuiusvis gaudet commoditate boni.
Infoelix iile est vero foeliciter, orbi Invisus quisquis tristia fate subit.
Hoc Cranmere probas, vitae praesentis amore Dum quaeris sanctam dissimulare fiden:
Et dum consiliis tandem melioribus usus, Praeponis vitae funera sava tua.
A CoMMIssioN sent from the Pope, with the
SENTENcE definitive toproceed against the
Philippe Rex,
literas vestras charissime
Christiana filia Maria Regina nobis significatur,
quod iniquitatis filius Thomas Cranmerus, olim
Archiepiscopus Cantuariens reses aliaq. Romanae ecclesiae cardinalibus, tunc eodem tam grandia enormia crimina erat prolapsus, consistorio existentibus, plenè discussa, ma
quod non solum regimine ecclesiae Cantuarien ture examinata, cum dilecti filii Petrus Rovili
sis reddiderat indignum, verum etiam majori poenae fecerat obnoxium. Nos praemissis certam notitiam non habentes, tanta crimina
us, Clericus Ippotegiensis, Antonius Massa Gallesio dicta curia causarum, vestrum fili rex filia regina procuratores, quorum
vera essent, impunita, ecclesiamo. ipsam sine procurationis mandato actis causa hujus pastore idoneo derelinquere nolentes, dilecto modi legitimis constare, dignoscitur documen filio nostro Jacobo, tituli Sanctae Mariae via, tis, Alexander Paleotarius, fisci nostri pro tunc sancti Simeonis, presbytero cardinali, curator pro eius iure interesse, ipsius puteo nuncupato, vel praemissis etiam sum Thoma citati non comparentis contumaciam marie, simpliciter, plano sine strepitu causa hujusmodi concludi definitivò pro figura judicii, sine ulla terminorum substan nunciari petiissent, nos pro tribunali, throno tialium vel tela judiciaria observatione, citato justitiae, more Romanorum pontificum praede
dicto Thomase informaret, quicquid inve cessorum nostrorum sedentes, causa hujus nisset nobis referret, per specialem commissi modi conclusimus, nostrain desuper scrip onem manu nostra signatam, dedimus man tis, quam per secretarium nostrum egi pub
datis, sibi attribuentes potestatem curia,
licari mandavimus, quam ipse verbo ad
verbum legit publicavit, deinitivam tulimus promulgavimus sententiam, sub hujusmodi
partes decernendi, per tenore. –Nos Paulus, divina providentia Papa opus esse arbitrarer, quartus, salvatoris Domini nostri Jesus exhibendum jura, sive perhibendum testimo Christi, cujus vices (licet immerito) terris
nium, etiam per censuras ecclesiasticas cogendi, gerimus, nomine invocato, tirono iustitiae compellendi, seu, pro celeriori expeditione pro tribunali sedentes, solum Deum, qui
sibivideretur, recipiendum informationem justus est Dominus, iustitia judicat orbe
hujusmodi, aliquem probun virum dignitate terrae, 'pro oculis habentes, per hano nostran
ecclesiastica constitutum partibus istis com definitivam, quam venerabilium fratrum morantem cum simili citandi, inhibendi co nostrorum sanctae Romanae ecclesiae cardina
extra, citandi, soriales, generales
inhibendi, lite compul speciales remissorales,
forma consueta sonas quascundue,
gendi facultate deputandi, subdelegandi: lium consilio ferimus his scriptis, causa sicut exhibita nobis nuper pro parte vestra, causis quae coram dilecto silio nostro Jacobo rex filia regina petitio continebat, dictus Ja tituli sanctae Mariae via, presbytero cardina cobus cardinalis, commissionis huiusmodi vi puteo nuncupato, nobis consistorio gore, citatione partes contra eundem Tho nostro secreto (ut moris est) referenda inter mam vestram, rex filia regina, instan charissimos Christo silios nostros Philippum tiam decreta, venerabilem fratrem nostrum regem Mariam reginam Angliae illustres de episcopum Gloucestrensen, una cum certis
aliis ejus parte collegis, eorum quem
libet solidum informationem super prae
missis recipiendum subdelegavit, eisq. vices
suas praemissis commisit. postouan dic
tus episcopus Gloucestrensis causa hujusmo
nunciatores una, quendam Thomam Cran merun olim archiepiscopum Cantuariensem reum denunciatum super crimine re
aliis excessibus censurisque poenis
propter crimen excessus hujusmodi per dic tum Thomam reutn denunciatum ac confessumi
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839] STATE TRIALS, 1 MARY, 1553. -Proceedings against Archbishop Cranmer, [840
& convictum incursis, rebusq. aliis in actis praefato ratione dicti archiepisc. Cantuariens. causa & causarum hujusmodi latius deductis & aliarum praelaturarum si quas obtinuit & ob
ex altera parte in prima instantia vigore spe tinet olim subjectas, a quibuscunque fidelitatis cialis commissionis nostrae versae fuerunt & ver & obedientiae juramentis ei praestitis absolven
tuntur, pronunciamus, sententiamus, decerni das & liberandas fore & esse prout absolvimus mus, & declaramus dictum Thomam tunc Can & liberamus, ac juramenta hujusmodi relaxa tuariensem archiepiscopum, animae suae salutis mus, nec non super omnibus & singulis praedic immemorem, contra regulas & dogmata eccle eidem Thoma, perpetuum silentium imponi
siastica sanctorum patrum nec non apostolicas mus supplentes omnes singulos tam juris
Romanæ ecclesiæ & sacrorum conciliorum tra
ditiones Christianaeq. religionis bactenus in ec
clesia consuetos ritus, praesertim de corporis &
sacri ordinis sacramentis aliter quam sancta causa haeresis per nos fratrum nostrorum mater ecclesia prædicat & observat sentiendo consilio lata appellari non potuerit, dicti & docendo, & sanctae sedis apostolicæ & sum Petrus Antonius Alexander procuratores mi pontificis primatum & authoritatem negan citato per audientian literarum hujusmodi co do, necnon contra processus qui singulis annis ram nobis praefato Thoma videndum decer per predecessores nostros in die coenae domini
more solito celebrati fuerunt, prout & nos dan
te Domino in futurum celebrare intendimus, in
quibus processibus per Romanos Pontifices
predecessores praefatos ad retinendam purita
tem religionis christianae & ipsius unitatem, cutoriales decerni aliquos pralatos qui actu qua in conjunctione membrorum ad unum ca alem ipsius Thomas degradationem faciant put Christum videlicet ejusque vicarium prin eum curiae seculari tradant istis partibus de cipaliter & sanctum fidelium societatem ab of
'fensione servanda consistit, inter alia Wicle fiste & Lutherani & omnes alii hasretici dam
nati & anathematizati fuerunt etiam abjuratam
olim per Berengarium Andagavensem ecclesiæ copi qui actualem ipsius Thoma degradationem diacomum heresin innovando, & tan illam faciatis, facta eum curiae seculari praemis quain etian per damnatae memoria. Johannem taunch ipso actu traditionis incessione ad Wicles, & Martinum Lutherum ha-resiarchas, judicem secularem pro hujusmodi tradendis alias proposita & damnata falsa & haretica per ecclesiam solita fieri tradatis autoritate, dogmata credendo & scquendo & desuper tenore prædictis deputavimus. Quapropter etiam libros scribendo & imprimi faelendo, vos omnes singulos supradictos quibus pre impressosque publicando, in illisque scripta sentes nostra literae diriguntur rogamus, vo etiam in publicis disputationibus defendendo, fratres episcopi per apostolica scripta man acetiam coram subdelegato nostro in respon damus, virtute sanctae obedientiæ sub. sionibus ad positiones sibi factas pertinacitcr suspensionis divinis interdicti ingressus ec asseverando, ac in pertinacia & obstinatione clesiæ sententiis districtius injungimus hujusmodi permanendo, excommunicationis & ulteriorem executionem sententiae nostrae pra:- anathematis necnon privationis archiepiscop. dictæ procedatis. vos rex filia regina, Cantuar, prædicti, allorumque beneficiorum & bona ipsius confiscetis seu per eos quos spec officiorum ecclesiasticorum's qua obtinct, & tat confiscari, ipsum Thomam postguam cu annuarium pensionum si quas super beneficiis ria secularijuxta tenorem presentium traditus
quod juris fuerit, fieri mandetis fa Vos vero fratres episcopi, vel alter ves
ad quoscunque dignitatis & beneficia, & alias dictis exeguamini, nec contra excusationein
ecclesiasticis, assignatas habet, juriumque ac fuerit,
tionum & privilegiorum quorumcunque bono ciatis.
ruin quoque & seniorum ecclesiasticorum pa trum,
trimonialium & secularium nec non inhabitatis sed haec oninia idum sub sententiis pre
contra tales personas tam de jure communi aut exceptionem apponere valeatis autoritate quam per literas processuum praedictorum sta nostra, ceremoniis similibus servari solitis tutas poenas non solum tanquain credentem plene observatis, actualem ipsius Thomas degra horeticis prædictis & illorum sequacem, sed dationen faciatis, eumque postea curia secula etian tanquam haresiarcham notorium damna modo praefertur tradatis, contradictores biliter incidisse & incurrisse; proptereaque ip per censurain ecclesiasticam appellatione post sum Thomain excommunicatum anathematiza posita compescendo non obstantibus constitu tum, & archiepiscopatu Cantuariensi aliisque
proclaturis, dignitatibus, beneficiis, o: officiis &
tionibus ordinationibus apostolicis contrariis
nec non pensionibus, juribus, privilegii-, bonis & feudis praedictis privatum, & ad illa ac alia
inhabitem, curite seculari traden um, borroque (jus per eos ad quos spectat
in terdici, suspendi vel excommunicari non possint per literas apostolicas, non facientes plenam
expressam verbo adverbum indulta confiscanda fore & esse prout eum tradi & Gjus hujusmodi mentionem, Datum Rome apud
bona confiscari mandanus & concedimus, om Sanctum Petrum, anno incarnationis Domini, nes quoque & quascunque personas Thomae milesimo, quingentesimo, quinquagesimo, quin
quain facti defectus, qui forsan processu causae hujusmodi intervenerint pronunciavi mus. Cum autem dicta sententia utpote
literas executoriales aliquem praelatum qui actualem ipsius Thoma degradationem fa
ciateumque curite seculari tradat partibus deputari contumaciam dicti Thomas praefertur citati non comparentis literas exe
Putari per nos multa cum instantia postulave rint: nos hujusmodi justis postulationibus an
nuentes literas executoriales praedictas aposto
lica autoritate decrevimus, vos fratres epis
quod alter pro alterose non excuset,
quibuscunque, aliquibus
autsi communiter vel
division eadem sede indultum, quod
& ri
his sa ni tis
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in
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,
sit
in so ea
Et ac
& si
ut
in & inea in in& &
fili ad&
ad acin ad
& a de
&
& ut
&
&
ad & &ut in
ita
841] STATE TRIALs, 1 Mary, 1953–for Train irrey. [842 to. Decimo nono calendas Januarii, pontifi tibi digne subtrahimus, quia ipsam sponsam
Bacile cum baculo candelabrum cum
sanctificandi benedicendi perdas officium effectum.
J. BARENG. Dei Ecclesiam temere violasti.
Quinto, baculo pastorali per unum minis
catus nostri anno primo.
The For degrading Archbishop. tris manus degradandi tradito, illum aufert PRIM publico extra ecclesian paretur degradator, dicendo:—Auferimus baculum aliquis eminens locus congruens spacii, pro de pastoralem, perinde correctionis officium
gradatione fienda. Item, supra eundein ordi quod turbasti non valeas exercere.
netur una credentia simplici tobalea cooperta. Sexto, chirothecis per ministros extractis de Item, supra eandem credentiam ponantur am gradator abradit degradando pollices manus pulla vini ampulla aquae. Item, liber Evan leniter cum cultello aut vitro, dicendo:—Sic geliorum, liber Epistolarum, liber Exorcismo
rum, liber Lectionum, Antiphonarium. Item,
Mantili. Item, unum
gratia, quantum nobis est privamus,
Item, Item,
tis, alba, cingulum, Manipulus, Tunicella, Sto pontificali, quo inhabilises redditus, abdicamus.
spiritualis benedictionis, delibutionis mystica
candela
:- Consecrationem benedictionem acunctionem Superpellicium, Sandalia cum caligis, amic tibi traditam radendo delemus, ab ordine
claves, forfices, calix cum patina.
extincta.
petia
Septimo, caput degradandi cum eodem aut
cultellus seu
vitri.
vitro abradit degradator, leniter dicendo
Paramenta pro Degradando.
la, Dalmatica, Chirothecae, alia stola Planeta, Mitra, Annulus pontificialis, Pallium, Baculus
pastoralis, aliqua vestis habitus secularis. Pro Degradatore Officialibus.
Tum degradando per ministros extrahuntur sandalia.
Degradatio ordine Presbyteratus. Calice cum vino aqua patina hostia,
Item, paretur faldistorium pro pontifice de per ministros manus degradandi traditis, Con radatore. Item, Sedilia pro Officialibus. secrator aufert potestatem celebrandi, dicens: tem, Adsint Ministri pontificis. Item, Judex —Amovemus te, quin potius amota esse os
secularis, cui degradatus committatur. Item, tendimus, potestatem offerendi Deo sacrificium, Notarius qui processum degradationis legat, Missanque celebrandi, tam pro vivis quam pro opus erit, vel Episcopo degradatori placuerit. defunctis.
Item, Barbitonsor. Item, Hora convenienti Pollices manus abradantur sub hac forma: degradandus, habitu suo quotidiano indutus —Potestatem sacrificandi benedicendi quan super dictum locum adducatur, clericis in unctione manuum pollicum recepisti, tibi duantur omnibus paramentis sui ordinis. Item, tollimus hac rasura.
Eo sic inchito, pontifex degradator indutus annictu, alba, cingulo, stola, pluviali rubeis,
mitra simplici, baculum pastoralem sinis
tra manu tenens ascendet locum praedictum, signante merito expoliamus, quia ipsam ibidem sedebit faldistorio, convenienti Onnen innocentlain exulstl.
loco sibi parato versus populum, astante sibi Quarto, stolam aufert, dicens:—Signum Do
judice seculari. -Tunc degradandus omnibus mini per hanc stolam signatum turpiter ab sui ordinis vestibus sacris indutus, singulis or jecisti: ideoque ipsam amovemus, quem namentis ornatus, habens manibus ornamen inhabilein reddimus ad omne sacerdotale offi tum ordinem suum spectans, sideberet cium exercendum.
suo officio ministrare, adducitur ante Ponti ficem, coram quo genuflectit. Tunc Pontifex degradator (sedens supra) populo vulgari notificat degradationis hujusmodi causam.
Degradatio ordine Diaconatus.
Libro Evangeliorum degradando ma
nus per ministros tradito, degradator aufert
Degradatio ordine Archiepiscopali. Primo, pallium degradator aufert
Stolam auferens humeris degradamdi degra degradator projicit eam post tergum, dicens:–
dando, dicendo:-Praerogativa pontificalis dig nitatis quae pallio designatur eximimus, quia male usus es ea.
Stolam candidam, quam acceperas immacula tam conspectu Domini perferendam, quia non sic cognito mysterio exemplum conversa
Casulam sive planetam per posteriorem par tem captivi accipit degradator, degradandum exuit, dicens:—Weste sacerdotali charitatem
brum, dicens:—Anovemus potestatem le Deinde contra degradandum sententiam fert gendi Evangelium Ecclesia De, quia non
haec verba, sihujusmodi sententialata non sit.
competit nisi dignis.
Dalmaticum aufert dicens:—Levitico or
dine privanus, quia tuum - ministerium non implevisti.
nomine Patris, Filii,
Amen. Quia nos N. Dei gratia Episcopus, &c.
Spiritus Sancti, Apostolicae sedi
Secundo, mitram aufert degradando, dicen tionis tuæ fidelibus praebuisti, plebs dicata
do:—Mitra pontificalis dignitatis, videlicct or
natu, quia eam male praesidendo foedasti, tuum
caput denudamus.
Tertio, librum Evangeliorum degradandi
Epistolarum libro degradando manum quia prædicandi officio, quo spreto Dei gratia tradito, degradator eundem aufert, dicens:–
indignum fecisti, juste privamus. Auferinus tibi potestatem legendi epistolam Quarto, annulum aufert digito degradandi, Ecclesia Dei, quia hoc ministerio indignus dicendo:—Annulum, fidei scillcet signaculum, redditus. *
manibus aufert, dicendo:-Redde Evangelium,
Christi nomini possit exinde imitationem ac quirere, juste amovemus, omne Diacomatus
officium tibi prohibentes.
Degradutio ordine Subdiacoma! us.
es in
li
& &ut
te
In
in in & ad
ac
te
ut
in
1.
3. 2. 1. te
in
a allte
ain &ut
ut
te & &te te
a te
in
ab
& &is,M in of
de à & in ad &
&
a
in
&
&
&
te ac&in&a
an
a in
in
in ab de. . . a
& ab
& in
-
&
and
in eo
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te
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IN
*13] STATE TRIALs, 1 Mary, 1833–Proceeding against Archbishop Cranmer, [so
2. Tunicella aufertur, dicendo:—Tunica sub dotii tuo capite amovemus propter regi diacomali te exuimus, cujus cor & corpus timor minis pravitatem.
domini castus & sanctus in atternum permancins Deinde velit Pontifex, dicat:—Quod ore non constrinxit. cantasti, corde non credidisti, nec opere imple
3. Manipulum aufert, dicendo —Depone visti, ideo cantandi officium Ecclesia Dei
miumipulum, quia per fructus bonorum operum
quos designat, non expugnastispiritualis insidias in liiliCl.
4. Amictus aufertur sub hac forma:—Quia
amovemus.
Tum Ministri pontificis exuunt degradatum
veste, habitu clericali, - ipsum induunt habi tu seculari.
degradatus tradi debeat curiae seculari. Pontifex degradator degradatum amplius non 5. Urceolis cum vino & aqua & bacili cum tangit, sed hunc moduin pronunciat, dicens:
vocem tuam non castigasti, ideo amictum a te auscrimus. -
manu-tergio degradando traditis, ea aufert ar —Denunciamus ut hunc exutum omni ordine chidiacon. —Et nihil dicit. privilegio clericali, curia secularis suum
6. Calicem vacuum cum patina traditum in forum recipiat.
manus degradandi, aufert degradator, dicendo; Rogat judicem secularem citra mortis pe Cingulum album & amictum exuunt ministri:— riculum, &c.
—Domine judex, rogamus vos Potestatem introcundi sacrarium, tangendi pal cum omni effectu quo possumus, amore Dei, las, vasa & alia indumenta sacra, omneque sub pietatis misericordiae intuitu, nostrorum diaconatus ministerium exercendi à te amove interventu precaminum miserrimo huic nullum Inus. -
Degradatio ab ordine Accolytatus.
Urceolum vacuum in manus degradando tra ditum, aufert degradator, dicens:—Immunde,
vinum & aquam ad Eucharistiam de castero non ministres.
mortis vel mutilationis
inferas.
periculum
The celebrated Mr. Whiston suspected the authenticity the RECANTATIon ascribed Cranmer, and published Tract on the
subject; which being somewhat curious and very scarce, we here reprint, together with
Candelabrum cum cereo extincto degradator
accipit de manibus degradandi, dicens:–Di Strype's Account the Archbishop's Death.
mitte perferendi visibile lumen officium, qui pra bere spirituale moribus neglexisti, ac uni versum Accolytatus officium hic depone.
Degradatio ab ordine Erorcistatus. Librum exorcismorum aufert Pontifex degra
AN EN QUIRY INTO THE Evi DENCE of ARch Bishop CRAN MER's RECANTATION &c.
Before give my Reasons for this suspicion,
shall set down the Copy this Recantation dator, dicens:—Privamus te potestate impo verbatim, from Mr. Fox's Acts and Monuments,
nendi manum super energumenos, & darmones 666, London, 1641, fol. [Here follows the de obsessis corporibus expellendi, omni tibi ex Recantation, given 812. ]—Thus far orcistatus officio interdicto. Mr. Fox's Copy: without the addition
Degradatio ab ordine Lectoratus. date, subscription under the archbishop's Librum Lectionum aufert Pontifex de grada hand, any witnesses that was written
tor, dicens:—In Ecclesia Deinon legas ulte him. The foregoing words indeed are these, rius, neq; cantes, neq; panes aut fructus no ‘the Form which Recantation, made the
vos ullatenus benedicas, quia tuum officium non implevisti fideliter & devote.
Degradatio ab ordine Hostiariatus. Claves Ecclesiae aufert Pontifex degradator, dicens:—Quia in clavibus errasti, claves dimitte,
& quia hostia cordis tui male daemonibus obse rasti, amovemus, a te officium hostiarii, ut non
perchtias cymbalum, non aperias Ecclesian, non sacrarium, non librum amplius prædicanti.
- Degradatio à prima Tonsura.
Superpellicium degradando extrahit Pontifex
degradator, dicens:–Autoritate Dei omnipo tentis, Patris, & Filii, & Spiritus Sancti, acqua
friars and doctors, whereto Cranmer subscribed, was this,' whereby appears that Mr. Fox believed Cranmer did subscribe this entire
form. Yet does add after the form itself,
fungimur in hac parte, tibi auferimus habitum Thomas Cranmer, with solemn subscription. clericalem, & nudamus te religionis ornatu, at Then followed the witnesses of this Recanta
que depomimus, degradamus, spoliamus & exui tion. Henry Sydal, and friar John Villa mus omni ordine, beneficio, & privilegio cleri Gacina. All this while Cranmer was no cali, & velut clericali professione indignum re certain assurance his life; although the same digimus te in servitutem & ignominiam habitus was faithfully promised him the doctors. secularis ac status. But after that they had their purpose, the rest
Eum forficibus tondere incipiat Pontifex de they committed
gradator, & per Barbitonsorem ibidem prosen men that religion
tem totaliter tonderi faciat caput degradandi, now gotten time
dicens:—Te velut ingratum filium a sorte Do ceived his Recantation very gladly; but her mini ad quam vocatus fueras abjicimus, & co purpose put him death she would nothing romain capitis regale quideum signum sacer. relent 813). Mr. Fox.
what makes subscribed put
probable did not believe himself, but that his name was
some those prelates and doctors who were then present. “This Recantation
the archbishop,' says Mr. Fox, ‘was not soon conceived but the doctors and prelates, with
out delay, caused the same imprinted, and set abroad mens hands. Whereunto, for better credit, first was added the name
adventure, became do. The queen having
revenge her old grief, re
tui
:' of to to
Si te
& de
it oror
(p. ;by I&
Soto far
to all
it
a in
to
a
it it
of
in
si
of
in
by
of
tui
in
totoof all ofhe
as
of of
as
be de
& ut
: in
p. I ac ă
hep. &
to it of ut
by ain
so
ofofhe byanin
845] STATE TRIALS, I MARY, 1553. −for Treason and Heresy. [846
A strange story this; that so solemn a Recan
tation of archbishop Cranmer, primate of
England, should published his own, with
out any other witnesses, than two such obscure
persons Henry Sydal, never, that know
afterward heard of, and friar John Villa Gar
cina, one brought from Spain pervert the this first part the present Recantation, and university Oxford Popery. —Now, nothing else.
this entire copy Recantation, seems indeed not impossible that might me consist two very different parts: the transcribe some copies this entire Recanta
first part, ending with “without which there no salvation,” such nature Cranmer might himself draw and sign, literally true and catholic his opinion: though must be confessed very capable popish sense also. The seconti part about six times
large and such Cranmer could not possibly draw up, nor subscribe, with truth,
any sense whatsoever. Which two parts are
tion, was proposed him the Papists; and those Papists might give out, what they much wished, that was disposed give his consent the whole; and might print and publish the way forgery, Cranmer's own Recantation which we shall see great evidence anon that they really did. And for his permission such copies abroad under his hand, might sorely repent him afterward: the words spoke that stake,
produced hereafter, would incline one
suppose. However, that never did either draw up, really sign this whole pretended Recantation before us, consenting thereto, the following Arguments will render highly
therefore accurately each other, and considered
distinguished from quite different stile and language
views. The former
very like that archbishop Cranmer's; but
the other quite different from The contents, which declare not only his readiness re nounce the errors other people, and cndeavour follow nothing but what was ori ginally true and sound doctrine, very agree able Cranmer also who left all the modern
notions, and most diligently searched into the New Testament, and the primitive writers, for true and pure christianity. (a) which search indeed had been along truly inde fatigable. This confession “one holy and catholic church' Cranmer's own declaration,
probable:
-
stake, and which he allowed, viz. that was express the true and undoubted Profession his Faith, that might take away suspi
cion from men; and that men might under stand that was catholic indeed. ” (p. 818. ) All which passages seem me belong
his Appeal from the pope General When his adversaries reproached him with Council this very time (p. 805): and his de recanting the stake his former Recantation,
claring visible Church confessed,
s was then the protestant notion; we learn
one the other martyr's confessions, and
Cranmer's stiling the, king head the visible
Church, his Answer Dr. Martin (p. 781)
and both about the very same time also. And as to the additional character of that Church
here, that “without,' “out there no
suppose, Cranmer might this time es
pecially since had hopes saving life
such subscription. He might also assure Dr. Cole, who was sent try whether abode
and thereby being guilty falshood and dissi mulation, answered, “Ah, my masters, do
not you take so. Always since lived hi therto have been hater falshood, and lover simplicity; and never before this time
have dissembled. ” 820). And his courage and boldness his confession, was one of the most eminent of all our Reformers.
He was ever one the most open and forward speakers and writers for the protestant religion against Popery others; appears through
whole history. Particularly, when first
perceived himself imminent danger under queen Mary, and her cruel ministers; and was
Salvation,'
take have been the common doctrine all that time, both Protestants and Papists, without exception. —And far,
his declared purpose, that “by God's grace
would daily more confirmed the catholic
faith,’ (p. 813) which catholic faith,
owned himself his death. He might
endeavour please the queen far, because persecution rising: but considering the station she, seems, insisted that “she would have he was in, and the hand had all the Cranmer catholic, else Cranmer
all,” that that his declaring himself ca
tholic, was absolutely necessary his life
and restoration; the friar informed him.
And this suppose was that Dr. Cole re
ferred to, when put Cranmer mind
some promise his, was geing the
(a) Burnet's Hist. Reformat, vol. 171. vol. 250,
changes that were made, thought in decent thing for him fly, that intreaties should ever persuade him it. ”(b) Bishop Ridley also, just before himself was burnt, “Expressed his great joy for what heard Cranmer's godly and fatherly constancy; whose integrity and uprightness, gravity and inno cence was known the whole nation. And
(b) Burnet, vol. 248.
The known Character abp. Cranmer for sincerity and courage, will not permit easily believe that ever he made such Recan
tation; much less that continued for about month five weeks together, the
present accounts imply. As his known sincerity, take his own words, spake them
his death, and which the general course and conduct his life bear witness be true.
some advised beyond sea; which other cases did not only approve of, but strongly recommend; bishop Burnet in
forms that said, “He would not dissuade others from that course, now that they saw
I
iii. it a of to
p. I
in itat all ;
as
of
he as
to beof
at
it
is isin of of a
be
as or he all
to
of in as a it. in is
of
at
byby
to
in
of,
all ofto
to ii. he
do
heof:
p.
he
no
it in as so he heto
as
I toheto
in a as it us
go to he it
of
ina tosoto
a
us
a
as is it,to it
to
to of
at to as by to ‘
go ofatof
all
of
i. his In a
as
in to p. to a
he
no so in
it
of ashe to a
is
tode ofasas it I
:sois he he in by
to
it as is toto
by his
at
to
to
1. be It
to
hehe of
to allof
or
of
fly in (p. tohe as of
he as of ofofhehe toall
in as
to is,ato ofIto toto of
be he
attotoor ;isupto
be he a is
of
be it is of
IofI
ina he
ithe
at of
or as
in
he ahe
all he
sł7] STATE TRIALS, 1 MARy, 1553. -Proceedings against Archbi hop Cranmer, [sts
he blessed God that had given, in his reverend and courageous abp. Crai, mer. Nor easily old age, such a man to be the witness of his accountable, how not much the Dean truth. For miserable and hard-hearted was Christ Church, with whom had lately lived
he, whom the godliness and constant confession nor any his canons; nor any
of so worthy, so grave, and so innocent a man the university Oxford where would not move to acknowledge and confess was well known, should appear his truth. "(c) See also Cranmer's large and least hand either this Conversion
solemn Appeal from the Pope to a General or Council, delivered in open court on Feb. 14, when he was degraded : which was but ten
days before the date of the writ ing, and fewer days before the time tended Recantation.
the heads was, and
have the Cranmer,
Bills Papers containing only few words, The tenor and stile of the first clauses little leaf paper, Mr. Fox himself de
this Recantation, are very different from scribes Which well agrees the first small the tenor and stile of the rest the former branch, which suppose have been really
oints are such also might, with strict truth, Cranmer's but not well this intire Re signed any Protestant Catholic Chris cantation, which about seven times long: tian but the latter such could signed, especially not made sort public instru with truth, none but thorough papist ment, and solemnly signed, with Cranmer's
both which differences have been already ob name, and attested two witnesses, pre
served.
This pretended Recantation has date
tended. Nor do the number of these Bills or
Papers written Cranmer, which were several Fox's and Cranmer's own testimonies; and
bishop Burnet truly observes and the
Copy Fox assures Which yet, such fewer than seventeen the testimony of
was
date.
The main parts this pretended Recan Of which many copies might soon be
tation least were drawn up, not Cranmer, written and dispersed him and which but certain papists not only clear might easily write and sign two copies on their contents, but expressly affirmed Mr. the morning was suffer, we are in Fox, these words, already quoted “The formed did; but not easily the larger
form which Recantation, made the friars and doctors, whereto Cranmer subscribed, was
this. ” Nor probable that the same
persons drew the first clauses this Re
cantation who drew the latter: they are with what Mr. Fox relates, happening the
every way unlike one another. Thomas Cranmer's name Fox
the end, his own subscription but beginning only; would naturally
very morning his execution, viz. that “Friar not at John, the witness the former Recantation,
the brought him Paper, with Articles: which Cranmer should openly profess his Recan
form proposed him. Accordingly we shall tation before the people; earnestly desiring soon find, that what agreed was sub him that would write the said Instrument, scribed him his Declaration his real with the Articles, with his own hand; and sign sentiments: but that this was no more than with his name. ” (p. 814). What occasion for the first branch the present form. But of this, they had attested Copy full these observations already. Recantation already printed and published,
What first moved me suspect this whole with his own hand subscribed thereto And matter, was the obscurity, and fewness, and stranger what follows Fox, that “He temper the principal only actors and wit did it. ” And that when the friar desired that
messes therein, Henry Sydal and friar John would write another copy thereof, which Villa Garcina. These two inconsiderable per should remain with him, that did that also.
sons, chiefly the friar (for we never afterward
meet with Henry Sydal this whole process,)
were, seems, able persuade the archbishop,
and that very few days time, such
Recantation, neither cardinal Pole, nor any hopes life and preferment, which hopes
the other bishops, learned doctors pre lates, during his two years and half's im prisonment, could do: and this with such argu ments, set down the Acts and Monuments,
were fitter affright ignorant and timo rous woman, than convince the very learned
(c) Burnet, vol 304.
were now almost gone; and Cranmer had now prepared himself recant any such Re
his Recantation no not so much as to
witnesses his signing All this seems me look very suspiciously.
What Cranmer really signed, was, not
his burn
this pre large and public Recantation but certain
nice cases, does not use form recantation proposed dated but real subscription certainly without such
be omitted. Sanders, all agree with
i.
instru
long
not ment Recantation, which his enemies printed
ought not and published name; but very well this very short bill paper the beginning
Recantation, the friar pretended.
This large Recantation, pretended
signed Cranmer, and published month
five weeks before his death, very agrees
This still more strange, when we re member, that was now month five weeks since his former Recantation was pretended have been made and signed him and that
cantation his death, 10. However,
Mr. Fox informs us. plainly incredible, that execution, Cran
the very morning
mer should write these two copies his large and full Recantation, and sign them with his own hand, the sense own mind; and
one
ii. p.
to
is a to aasor
as
at of is is he by of in
it a of as he in by as I to of
asof
to }. of
6. 5. 4. it,3. ; 2.
to toin
as
as to upit of as all
on
in
allit
orbe
he it.
noby
a tobe
an
by it
for
or
to is:in
bein by to no
a
so is bea by
it or of in by : of in as
ofby at
in as to by
to ittoup:ofus. as aninorhe as by
a de he
in a
by beA :
Q.
8.
7. inso
in to :
to ;
ofofby ;beof
of
itif he at ; of
it to is
is all an orhis by so as :
of toby a so of asto a so to
his
his in atby it. he
of
oftohe
is it
by
; or
as
as as of
:
of to to a is as
;
of as
to
to
ofto
in s
of: of
he
in
of a
ill a
of
as
it. or to
849] STATE TRIALS, I MARY, 1553–for Treason and Heresy. [850
yet, “At the very same time, secretly put what law did the queen sign such writ? another paper into his bosom, containing his And what law did the mayor and bailiffs Prayer for the stake, and Exhortation Oxford execute All ecclesiastical proceed the people; when designed declare his ings against heretics still allowing Recan abhorrence any thing like such Recan tation and doing penance, always sufficient tation:” which yet Mr. Fox's account for the offender's preservation. The constant this place. This too vile, and impious, and method, even queen, Mary's time, was this,
That such heretics must either turn before any coinn, Christian much less the most hand, burn; but farther. Nay, ex open-hearted, and sincere, and upright, and tensive was this practice then, that though the religious abp. Cranmer. Whether the two pretended heretics had been obstinate until
they came the very stake, (e) yet was there
the former clauses which had given pretended had.
15. Which demonstration still farther
confirmed, what bishop Burnet (f)found the Council Book itself, relating this pre tended Recantation: where we have this most
desperate, and jesuitical supposed
Papers that Cranmer said have transcribed and signed with his hand, the morning his
pardon ready for them that they would but there make Recan that this signing, and sending, and extant, and only signed true copy what executing the writ for the burning Cranmer, was proposed him, but had never con little less than demonstration that he had sented or, whether were more than never made such Recantation as friar John
execution, the earnest desire the Spanish
friar, contained the intire Recantation still tation.
out his real belief, cannot certainly deter
mine; but suspect they were these small clauses, and other. Although the friar,
who said have procured these copies, and perhaps some other the Papists also, were
authentic Account; that, the 13th very willing they should confounded. As March, (almost three weeks after the date
frequently stake,
indeed they have been most fatally confounded this very day.
11. This Spanish friar, the principal actor this whole tragedy, when Cranmer, the
expected
the Writ for burning Cranmer, obstinate heretic,) and eight days before was burnt,
the Privy-council were concerned when they heard Cranmer's Paper Recantation was printed. Rydall and Copland, two printers, were required deliver Cawood, the queen's printer, the Books his Itecantation, be
his pro but
stake, declared himself, according
mises, die the catholic faith
sense very different from what
raged, and foamed, and was almost out his burned him. ” Now since “the doctors and wits, always having this mouth, Non prelates,” Mr. Fox was informed, “caused fecisti Did'st thou not (p. 821). As this Recantation printed As also that, Cranmer did not then own the making such “the queen received that Recantation very
Recantation, had ascribed him. gladly:” this had been really true, how 12. Although Mr. Fox was made believe comes the queen's Privy-council dislike it? that the queen knew this full Recantation Nay, order the remaining copies this Re
Cranmer's, and received very gladly, and cantation itself delivered the queen's this before Feb. 24th, 1555, when she signed printer burnt Had the Privy-council
the Writ for his burning; that follow been satisfied that this Recantation was genu him have also supposed; yet does (d), bishop ine, this procedure seems not little absurd
Burnet find hard believe, that such Re and incredible.
much more likely that be burnt known
made him when the the Council ordered
and therefore sup forgery; and capable
cantation could
danger was remote
poses not done
sent down Oxford for his burning, directly they should believe Cranmer was become contrary Mr. Fox, Dr. Cole's Sermon thorough Roman Catholic, and yet was be his burning, and Sander's History. The burnt as an obstinate Protestant Heretic. reason this difficulty obvious but the 16. Dr. Cole, his Funeral Sermon, though foundation the difficulty only this, that supposes that Cranmer was become Ca Cranmer did make that Recantation. Which tholic, and would own himself
after the Writ was finally compassion and indignation
raising groundless the people; when
confess seems me not little incredible.
Catholic Faith, had declared clauses this Paper; which there
13. The very Writ for burning Cranmer
gives power burn him but ‘perti
naciously holding and defending' his heretical
opinions. Which seems authentic evi
dence that the court knew nothing that
large and full Recantation, the friar pretended
he had signed his presence, before the date but also most earnest defender of heretical of that writ for his execution.
14. Had this Recantation been known be
genuine that time, and made before the going out the writ for burning Cranmer,
(d) Burnet, vol. 300, 334,399. *OL. I.
with “having been not secret favourer only; opinions, even the end his life. ” Nor
the the first little rea son doubt but did really write, and really sign; yet does not pretend had made any
such full and particular Recantation hitherto. Nay, the contrary, then charges him
(e) See Burnet, vol. 302, 303. 307, 308. 312. 314. 318. 328. 331. 333. 337. 347.
364, 365.
(f) Burnet, vol. 249.
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