)
rewarded by Augustus with the triumphal orna-
SATURNI'NUS, JUNIUS, a Roman his ments in A.
rewarded by Augustus with the triumphal orna-
SATURNI'NUS, JUNIUS, a Roman his ments in A.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - c
ix.
7.
$ 3; Cic.
Brul.
62, pro Sest.
king Sothinus (Orog.
v.
18, Sull.
11 ; Cic.
L'err.
47, pro C. Rabir, passim).
iii. 93, in Pison. 34). The exact time during
4. L. APPULEIUS SATURNINUS, was propraetor which he governed Macedonia is uncertain. If
of Macedonia in B. C. 58, when Cicero visited the the reading is correct in the Epitome of Livy
province after his banishment from Rome. Although (Epil. 70), he could not have been appointed later
a friend of Cicero, he did not venture to show him than B. C. 92, ns none of the events recorded in
any marks of attention for fear of displeasing the the seventieth book were later than that year.
ruling party at Rome. It was only his quaestor It is said in the Epitome that he fought unsuc-
Plancius who openly espoused the cnuse of the cessfully against the Thracians, but this is pro-
exile. This Saturninus was a native of Atina, bably an error. It is, at all events, clear from
and was the first native of that praefectura who Plutarch (l. c. ) that he was still governor of
had obtained a curule office. (Cic. pro Planc. 8, Macedonia in B. C. 88, when Sulla was in Greece.
11, 41. )
Modern writers give him the cognomon Saturni-
5. CN. APPULEIUS SATURNINUS, the son of nus, as it was borne by most of the other Sentii,
No. 4, was present at the trial of Cn. Plancius, in but it does not occur in any of the ancient writers,
B. C. 54. During Cicero's absence in Cilicia, B. C. as far as we are aware.
50, he was accused by Cn. Domitius, as Caelius 2. C. SENTIUS SATURNINUS, was one of the
writes to Cicero (Cic. pro Planc. 8, 12, ad Fam. persons of distinguished rank who deserted Sex.
viii. 14). He is also mentioned by Cicero in B. C. Pompeius in B. c. 35, and passed over to Octa-
43, as the heres of Q. Turius (ad Fam. xii. 26). vianº (Vell. Pat. ii. 77; Appian, B. C. v. 139,
This Saturninus is probably the same as the one of comp. v. 52). He is no doubt the same as the
whom Valerius Maximus tells a scandalous tale Sentius Saturninus Vetulio, who was proscribed
(ix. 1. § 8).
by the triumvirs in B. C. 43, and escaped to Pom-
SATURNI'NUS, CLAU'DIUS, a jurist from peius in Sicily (Val. Max. vii. 3. § 9). The cir-
whose Liber Singularis de Poenis Paganorum there cumstances, however, which Valerius Maximus
is a single excerpt in the Digest (50. tit. 19. s. 16). relates respecting his escape, are told by Appian
In the Florentine Index the work is attributed to (B. C. iv. 45), with reference to one Pomponius.
Venuleius Saturninus, an error which, as it has (POMPONIUS, No. 14. ] Saturninus was rewarded
been observed, has manifestly originated in the for his desertion of Pompeius by the consulship,
title to the fifteenth excerpt of lib. 50. tit. 19. which he held in B. C. 19, with Q. Lucretius
Two rescripts of Antoninus Pius are addressed to Vespillo. Velleius Paterculus celebrates his praises
Claudius Saturninus (Dig. 20. tit. 3. s. 1. $ 2, 50. for the manner in which he carried on the govern-
tit. 7. 8. 4). Saturninus was praetor under the ment during his consulship, and for his opposition
Divi Fratres (Dig. 17. tit. 1. 5. 6. $ 7). A rescript to the seditious schemes of Egnatius Rufus.
of Hadrian on the excusatio of a minor annis xxv. (Rupus, Egnatius, No. 2. ) After his consul-
who had been appointed (datus) tutor to an adfinis, ship he was appointed to the government of Syria,
is addressed to Claudius Saturninus, legatus Bel- in connection with which he is frequently men-
gicae ; and there is no chronological impossibility tioned by Josephus. He was succeeded in the
in assuming him to be the jurist.
government by Quintilius Varus (Dion Cass. liv.
Grotius maintains that the Q. Saturninus who 10; Frontin. de Aquaed. 10 ; Vell. Pat. ii. 92 ;
wrote, at least, ten books Ad Edictum (Dig. 34. Joseph. Ant. xvi. 10. $ 8, xvi. 11. $ 3, xvii. 1.
tit. 2. 6.
19. $ 7), is a different person from the $ 1, xvii. 3. & 2, xvii. 5. § 2, B. J. i. 27. & 2).
author of the treatise De Poenis Paganorum. A Josephus (Ant. xvi. 11. § 3) speaks of three
Saturninus is again mentioned in an excerpt from sons of Saturninus, who accompanied him as legati
Ulpian (Dig. 12. tit. 2. 3. 13. & 5). But this to Syria, and who were present with their father
Quintus may be Venuleius Saturninus. (Zimmern, at the trial of Herod's sons at Berytus in B. C. 6.
Geschichte des Röm. Privatrechts, i. p. 354. ) [G. L. ) 3. C. SENTIUS C. F. C. N. SATURNINUS, the son
SATURNI'NUS, FA'NNIUS, the paeda- of No. 2. was consul A. D. 4, in which year the
gogus, who corrupted the daughter of Pontius Lex. Aelia Sentia was passed. He was appointed
Aufidianus. (Val. Max. vi. l. § 3. )
by Augustus governor of Germany, and served
SATURNI'NUS, FU'RIUS, a rhetorician with distinction under Tiberius, in his campaign
mentioned in the Controversiae of the elder Seneca. against the Germans. He was, in consequence,
(Controv. 21.
)
rewarded by Augustus with the triumphal orna-
SATURNI'NUS, JUNIUS, a Roman his ments in A. d. 6. (Vell. Pat. ii. 103, 105, 109;
torian of the Augustan age, quoted by Suetonius. Dion Cass. lv. 28. )
(Aug. 27. )
4. CN. SENTIUS SATURNINUS, consul suffectus
SATURNI'NUS, LU'SIUS, ruined in the a. D. 4, was probably likewise a son of No. 2.
reign of Claudius through means of Suillius, as since the latter had, as we have already seen,
the enemies of the latter asserted. (Tac. Ann. xiii. three sons in Syria, who were old enough to serve
43. )
as his legati. He was appointed in A. D. 19,
SATURNI'NUS, POMPEIUS, a governor of Syria, and compelled Cn. Piso by
3
NINU
3 A 3
contem
## p. 726 (#742) ############################################
726
SATURNINUS.
SATURNUS.
.
force of arms to surrender the province to him. 3. Q. Volusius SATURNINUS, son of the pre-
[Piso, No. 23. ) Tacitus calls the governor of ceding, was consul in a. D. 56, with P. Cornelius
Syria simply Cn. Sentius, but there can be little Scipio. His father was upwards of sixty-two
doubt that he is the same as the consul suffectus years of age when he was born : his mother was
of A. D. 4. (Tac. Ann. ii. 74, 79, 81, iii. 7. ) à Cornelia of the family of the Scipios. He was
5. Cn. SentiUS SATURNINUS, son of No. 4, was one of three commissioners who took the census
consul 1. D. 41, with the emperor Caligula, who of the Gauls, in A. d. 61. (Plin. H. N. vii. 12.
was slain in this year. After the death of Cali- s. 14 ; Tac. Ann. xiii. 25, xiv. 46. )
gula, Saturninus made a long speech in the senate 4. A. Volusius SATURNINUS, consul A. D. 87,
against tyranny, if we may trust the account in with the emperor Domitian. (Fasti. )
Josephus. (Joseph. Ant. xix. 2, B. J. ii. 11. ) 5. Q. Volusius SATURNINUS, consul A. D. 92,
6. L. SENTIUS SATURNINUS, occurs on coins of with the emperor Domitian. (Fasti. )
the republican period, but it is uncertain who he SATU'RNIUS, that is, a son of Saturnus,
was. (Eckhel, vol. v. p. 305. )
and accordingly used as a surname of Jupiter and
Neptune. (Virg. Aen. iv. 372, v. 799. ) [L. S. ]
SATURNUS, a mythical king of Italy to whom
was ascribed the introduction of agriculture and
the habits of civilised life in general. The name
is, notwithstanding the different quantity, con-
nected with the verb sero, sevi, satum, and although
SATURN
the ancients themselves invariably identify Satur-
nus with the Greek Cronos, there is no resemblance
whatever between the attributes of the two deities,
COIN OF L. SENTIUS SATURNINUS.
except that both were regarded as the most ancient
divinities in their respective countries. The re-
SATURNI'NUS, VENULEʻIUS, is said by semblance is much stronger between Demeter and
Lampridius (Alex. Severus, c. 68) to have been a Saturn, for all that the Greeks ascribe to their De-
pupil of Papinianus, and a consiliarius of Alexander meter is ascribed by the Italians to Saturn, who
Severus. There is a rescript of Alexander to Ve- in the very earliest times came to Italy in the reign
nuleius (Cod. 7. tit. 1. s. 1), and one of Antoninus of Janus. (Virg. Aen. viii. 314, &c. ; Macrob.
(Caracalla) addressed to Saturninus in the year Sat. i. 10 ; P. Vict. De Orig. Gent. Rom. 1, &c. )
A. D. 213 (Cod. 5. tit. 65. s. 1); both of which Saturnus, then, deriving his name from sowing, is
may have been addressed to Venuleius Saturninus. justly called the introducer of civilisation and social
His writings, as they are stated in the Florentine order, both of which are inseparably connected
Index and appear from the excerpts in the Digest, with agriculture. His reign is, moreover, con-
were :--- Decem Libri Actionum, Sex Interdictorum ceived for the same reason to nave been the golden
Quatuor de Officio Proconsulis, Tres Publicorum age of Italy, and more especially of the Aborigines,
or De Publicis Judiciis, and Novemdecem Stipula- his subjects. As agricultural industry is the
tionum. The title Venul. Libri Septem Disp. (Dig. source of wealth and plenty, his wife was Ops, the
46. tit. 7. s. 18) is manifestly erroneous, as appears representative of plenty. The story related of the
from the titles of the two following extracts ; and god, is that in the reign of Janus he came to Italy,
we must either read Stipulationum in place of Dis was hospitably received by Janus, and formed a
putationum, or we must read Ulp. in place of Ve: settlement on the Capitoline hill, which was hence
nul. The work De Poenis Paganorum is erro-called the Saturnian hill. At the foot of that bili,
neously attributed to Venuleius in the Florentine on the road leading up the Capitol, there stood in
Index.
aftertimes the temple of Saturn. (Dionys. vi. 1 ;
There are seventy-one excerpts from Venuleius Liv. xli. 27; Vict. I. c. 3, Reg. Urb. viii. ) Saturn
in the Digest. (Zimmern, Geschichte des Röm. then made the people acquainted with agriculture,
Privatrechts, i. p. 379. )
[G. L ] suppressed their savage mode of life, and led them
SATURNI'NUS, VITEʼLLIUS, praefectus to order, peaceful occupations, and morality. The
of a legion under Otho. (Tac. Hist. i. 82. ) result was that the whole country was called Sa-
SATURNI'NUS, VOLU'SIUS. 1. L. VOLU- turnia or the land of plenty. (Virg. Aen. viii.
SIUS SATURNINUs, consul suffectus in B. c. 12, 358; Justin, xliii. 1; Macrob. Sat. i. 7; Varro, De
was descended from an ancient family, none of Ling. Lat. v. 42 ; Fest. s. v. Saturnia ; Victor, l. c. )
the members of which, however, had previously Saturn, like many other mythical kings, suddenly
obtained any higher office in the state than the disappeared, being removed from earth to the
praetorship. This Saturninus first accumulated abodes of the gods, and immediately after Janus
the enormous wealth for which his family after- is said to have erected an altar to Saturn in the
wards became so celebrated. He died in A.
47, pro C. Rabir, passim).
iii. 93, in Pison. 34). The exact time during
4. L. APPULEIUS SATURNINUS, was propraetor which he governed Macedonia is uncertain. If
of Macedonia in B. C. 58, when Cicero visited the the reading is correct in the Epitome of Livy
province after his banishment from Rome. Although (Epil. 70), he could not have been appointed later
a friend of Cicero, he did not venture to show him than B. C. 92, ns none of the events recorded in
any marks of attention for fear of displeasing the the seventieth book were later than that year.
ruling party at Rome. It was only his quaestor It is said in the Epitome that he fought unsuc-
Plancius who openly espoused the cnuse of the cessfully against the Thracians, but this is pro-
exile. This Saturninus was a native of Atina, bably an error. It is, at all events, clear from
and was the first native of that praefectura who Plutarch (l. c. ) that he was still governor of
had obtained a curule office. (Cic. pro Planc. 8, Macedonia in B. C. 88, when Sulla was in Greece.
11, 41. )
Modern writers give him the cognomon Saturni-
5. CN. APPULEIUS SATURNINUS, the son of nus, as it was borne by most of the other Sentii,
No. 4, was present at the trial of Cn. Plancius, in but it does not occur in any of the ancient writers,
B. C. 54. During Cicero's absence in Cilicia, B. C. as far as we are aware.
50, he was accused by Cn. Domitius, as Caelius 2. C. SENTIUS SATURNINUS, was one of the
writes to Cicero (Cic. pro Planc. 8, 12, ad Fam. persons of distinguished rank who deserted Sex.
viii. 14). He is also mentioned by Cicero in B. C. Pompeius in B. c. 35, and passed over to Octa-
43, as the heres of Q. Turius (ad Fam. xii. 26). vianº (Vell. Pat. ii. 77; Appian, B. C. v. 139,
This Saturninus is probably the same as the one of comp. v. 52). He is no doubt the same as the
whom Valerius Maximus tells a scandalous tale Sentius Saturninus Vetulio, who was proscribed
(ix. 1. § 8).
by the triumvirs in B. C. 43, and escaped to Pom-
SATURNI'NUS, CLAU'DIUS, a jurist from peius in Sicily (Val. Max. vii. 3. § 9). The cir-
whose Liber Singularis de Poenis Paganorum there cumstances, however, which Valerius Maximus
is a single excerpt in the Digest (50. tit. 19. s. 16). relates respecting his escape, are told by Appian
In the Florentine Index the work is attributed to (B. C. iv. 45), with reference to one Pomponius.
Venuleius Saturninus, an error which, as it has (POMPONIUS, No. 14. ] Saturninus was rewarded
been observed, has manifestly originated in the for his desertion of Pompeius by the consulship,
title to the fifteenth excerpt of lib. 50. tit. 19. which he held in B. C. 19, with Q. Lucretius
Two rescripts of Antoninus Pius are addressed to Vespillo. Velleius Paterculus celebrates his praises
Claudius Saturninus (Dig. 20. tit. 3. s. 1. $ 2, 50. for the manner in which he carried on the govern-
tit. 7. 8. 4). Saturninus was praetor under the ment during his consulship, and for his opposition
Divi Fratres (Dig. 17. tit. 1. 5. 6. $ 7). A rescript to the seditious schemes of Egnatius Rufus.
of Hadrian on the excusatio of a minor annis xxv. (Rupus, Egnatius, No. 2. ) After his consul-
who had been appointed (datus) tutor to an adfinis, ship he was appointed to the government of Syria,
is addressed to Claudius Saturninus, legatus Bel- in connection with which he is frequently men-
gicae ; and there is no chronological impossibility tioned by Josephus. He was succeeded in the
in assuming him to be the jurist.
government by Quintilius Varus (Dion Cass. liv.
Grotius maintains that the Q. Saturninus who 10; Frontin. de Aquaed. 10 ; Vell. Pat. ii. 92 ;
wrote, at least, ten books Ad Edictum (Dig. 34. Joseph. Ant. xvi. 10. $ 8, xvi. 11. $ 3, xvii. 1.
tit. 2. 6.
19. $ 7), is a different person from the $ 1, xvii. 3. & 2, xvii. 5. § 2, B. J. i. 27. & 2).
author of the treatise De Poenis Paganorum. A Josephus (Ant. xvi. 11. § 3) speaks of three
Saturninus is again mentioned in an excerpt from sons of Saturninus, who accompanied him as legati
Ulpian (Dig. 12. tit. 2. 3. 13. & 5). But this to Syria, and who were present with their father
Quintus may be Venuleius Saturninus. (Zimmern, at the trial of Herod's sons at Berytus in B. C. 6.
Geschichte des Röm. Privatrechts, i. p. 354. ) [G. L. ) 3. C. SENTIUS C. F. C. N. SATURNINUS, the son
SATURNI'NUS, FA'NNIUS, the paeda- of No. 2. was consul A. D. 4, in which year the
gogus, who corrupted the daughter of Pontius Lex. Aelia Sentia was passed. He was appointed
Aufidianus. (Val. Max. vi. l. § 3. )
by Augustus governor of Germany, and served
SATURNI'NUS, FU'RIUS, a rhetorician with distinction under Tiberius, in his campaign
mentioned in the Controversiae of the elder Seneca. against the Germans. He was, in consequence,
(Controv. 21.
)
rewarded by Augustus with the triumphal orna-
SATURNI'NUS, JUNIUS, a Roman his ments in A. d. 6. (Vell. Pat. ii. 103, 105, 109;
torian of the Augustan age, quoted by Suetonius. Dion Cass. lv. 28. )
(Aug. 27. )
4. CN. SENTIUS SATURNINUS, consul suffectus
SATURNI'NUS, LU'SIUS, ruined in the a. D. 4, was probably likewise a son of No. 2.
reign of Claudius through means of Suillius, as since the latter had, as we have already seen,
the enemies of the latter asserted. (Tac. Ann. xiii. three sons in Syria, who were old enough to serve
43. )
as his legati. He was appointed in A. D. 19,
SATURNI'NUS, POMPEIUS, a governor of Syria, and compelled Cn. Piso by
3
NINU
3 A 3
contem
## p. 726 (#742) ############################################
726
SATURNINUS.
SATURNUS.
.
force of arms to surrender the province to him. 3. Q. Volusius SATURNINUS, son of the pre-
[Piso, No. 23. ) Tacitus calls the governor of ceding, was consul in a. D. 56, with P. Cornelius
Syria simply Cn. Sentius, but there can be little Scipio. His father was upwards of sixty-two
doubt that he is the same as the consul suffectus years of age when he was born : his mother was
of A. D. 4. (Tac. Ann. ii. 74, 79, 81, iii. 7. ) à Cornelia of the family of the Scipios. He was
5. Cn. SentiUS SATURNINUS, son of No. 4, was one of three commissioners who took the census
consul 1. D. 41, with the emperor Caligula, who of the Gauls, in A. d. 61. (Plin. H. N. vii. 12.
was slain in this year. After the death of Cali- s. 14 ; Tac. Ann. xiii. 25, xiv. 46. )
gula, Saturninus made a long speech in the senate 4. A. Volusius SATURNINUS, consul A. D. 87,
against tyranny, if we may trust the account in with the emperor Domitian. (Fasti. )
Josephus. (Joseph. Ant. xix. 2, B. J. ii. 11. ) 5. Q. Volusius SATURNINUS, consul A. D. 92,
6. L. SENTIUS SATURNINUS, occurs on coins of with the emperor Domitian. (Fasti. )
the republican period, but it is uncertain who he SATU'RNIUS, that is, a son of Saturnus,
was. (Eckhel, vol. v. p. 305. )
and accordingly used as a surname of Jupiter and
Neptune. (Virg. Aen. iv. 372, v. 799. ) [L. S. ]
SATURNUS, a mythical king of Italy to whom
was ascribed the introduction of agriculture and
the habits of civilised life in general. The name
is, notwithstanding the different quantity, con-
nected with the verb sero, sevi, satum, and although
SATURN
the ancients themselves invariably identify Satur-
nus with the Greek Cronos, there is no resemblance
whatever between the attributes of the two deities,
COIN OF L. SENTIUS SATURNINUS.
except that both were regarded as the most ancient
divinities in their respective countries. The re-
SATURNI'NUS, VENULEʻIUS, is said by semblance is much stronger between Demeter and
Lampridius (Alex. Severus, c. 68) to have been a Saturn, for all that the Greeks ascribe to their De-
pupil of Papinianus, and a consiliarius of Alexander meter is ascribed by the Italians to Saturn, who
Severus. There is a rescript of Alexander to Ve- in the very earliest times came to Italy in the reign
nuleius (Cod. 7. tit. 1. s. 1), and one of Antoninus of Janus. (Virg. Aen. viii. 314, &c. ; Macrob.
(Caracalla) addressed to Saturninus in the year Sat. i. 10 ; P. Vict. De Orig. Gent. Rom. 1, &c. )
A. D. 213 (Cod. 5. tit. 65. s. 1); both of which Saturnus, then, deriving his name from sowing, is
may have been addressed to Venuleius Saturninus. justly called the introducer of civilisation and social
His writings, as they are stated in the Florentine order, both of which are inseparably connected
Index and appear from the excerpts in the Digest, with agriculture. His reign is, moreover, con-
were :--- Decem Libri Actionum, Sex Interdictorum ceived for the same reason to nave been the golden
Quatuor de Officio Proconsulis, Tres Publicorum age of Italy, and more especially of the Aborigines,
or De Publicis Judiciis, and Novemdecem Stipula- his subjects. As agricultural industry is the
tionum. The title Venul. Libri Septem Disp. (Dig. source of wealth and plenty, his wife was Ops, the
46. tit. 7. s. 18) is manifestly erroneous, as appears representative of plenty. The story related of the
from the titles of the two following extracts ; and god, is that in the reign of Janus he came to Italy,
we must either read Stipulationum in place of Dis was hospitably received by Janus, and formed a
putationum, or we must read Ulp. in place of Ve: settlement on the Capitoline hill, which was hence
nul. The work De Poenis Paganorum is erro-called the Saturnian hill. At the foot of that bili,
neously attributed to Venuleius in the Florentine on the road leading up the Capitol, there stood in
Index.
aftertimes the temple of Saturn. (Dionys. vi. 1 ;
There are seventy-one excerpts from Venuleius Liv. xli. 27; Vict. I. c. 3, Reg. Urb. viii. ) Saturn
in the Digest. (Zimmern, Geschichte des Röm. then made the people acquainted with agriculture,
Privatrechts, i. p. 379. )
[G. L ] suppressed their savage mode of life, and led them
SATURNI'NUS, VITEʼLLIUS, praefectus to order, peaceful occupations, and morality. The
of a legion under Otho. (Tac. Hist. i. 82. ) result was that the whole country was called Sa-
SATURNI'NUS, VOLU'SIUS. 1. L. VOLU- turnia or the land of plenty. (Virg. Aen. viii.
SIUS SATURNINUs, consul suffectus in B. c. 12, 358; Justin, xliii. 1; Macrob. Sat. i. 7; Varro, De
was descended from an ancient family, none of Ling. Lat. v. 42 ; Fest. s. v. Saturnia ; Victor, l. c. )
the members of which, however, had previously Saturn, like many other mythical kings, suddenly
obtained any higher office in the state than the disappeared, being removed from earth to the
praetorship. This Saturninus first accumulated abodes of the gods, and immediately after Janus
the enormous wealth for which his family after- is said to have erected an altar to Saturn in the
wards became so celebrated. He died in A.
