and is
unquestionably
quite untenable.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - b
SULPICIUS Gallus, a son of No.
2, died both father and son were slain by their own
at an early age, and his death was borne by his soldiers, who despaired of success under such
father with great fortitude. (Cic. de Orat. i. 53, leaders. The precise date of this event has given
Brut. 23, de Amic. 2, 6, ad fum. iv. 6. )
rise to controversy among chronologers, some of
4. C. GALLUS (some read Gallius), a Roman whom fix upon the year 253, and others upon that
senator mentioned by Cicero (in Verr. ü. 65), but of 254.
it is uncertain whether he belonged to the Sulpicia The name of Gallus is associated with nothing
or Aquillia gens.
(L. S. ] but cowardice and dishonour. The hatred and
GALLUS, SURDI'NIUS, a wealthy Roman contempt attached to his memory may have led to
of the time of the emperor Claudius. When Clau- the reports chronicled by Zosimus and Zonaras
dius, in A. D. 46, removed a number of persons that the defeat of Decius was caused by his perfidy,
from the senate, because they had not sufficient and that he subsequently became the murderer of
means to keep up the senatorial dignity, Surdinius Hostilianus (Hostilianus). In addition to the
Gallus was preparing to go and settle at Carthage, misery produced by the inroads of the barbariaus
but Claudius called him back, saying that he would during this reign, great dismay arose from the
tie him with golden chains ; and Surdinius was rapid progress of a deadly pestilence which, com-
made a senator. (Dion Cass. Ix. 29. ) [L. S. ] mencing in Ethiopia, spread over every region of
GALLUS, TISIE'NUS, a Roman general be- the empire, and continued its ravages for the space
longing to the party of L. Antonius and Fulvia in of fifteen years. (Zonar. xii. 20, 21; Zosim. i.
their war with Octavianus in B. C. 41. When 23—28 ; Victor, de Cues. 30, Epit. 30 ; Eutrop.
Octavianus made an attack upon Nursia he was ix. 5 ; Jornandes, de Reb. Goth. 19. ) (W. R]
repulsed by Tisienus, who had the command in the GALLUS, P. VOLU'MNIUS, with the agno
place. In B. C. 36 he joined Sex. Pompeius in men Amintinus, was consul in B. C. 461 with Ser
Sicily with reinforcements ; but after the defeat of Sulpicius Camerinus. (Liv. iii. 10; Dionys. x. l;
Sextus, he surrendered, with his army, to Octavi- Diod. xi. 84; Val. Max. i 6. & 5; Plin. H. N. ji.
anus. (Dion Cass. xlviii. 13, xlix. 8, 10;. Appian, 57. )
(LS. )
B. C. iv. 32, v. 104, 117, 121. ) (L. S. ] GALVIA, CRISPINILLA. (CRISPINILLA)
GALLUS, TRÉBONIA'ŃUS, Roman em- GAMEʻLIJ (Jaunaio. Seol), that is, the divini-
peror, A. D. 251-254.
ties protecting and presiding over marriage. (Pot
C. Viius TREBONIANUS Gallus, whose origin | lux, i. 24 ; Maxim. Tyr. xxvi. 6. ) Plutarch
and early history are altogether unknown, held a (Quaest. Rom. 2) says, that those who married
high command in the army which marched to op required (the protection of) five divinities, vize
pose the first great inroad of the Goths (A. D. 251), Zeus, Hera, Aphrodite, Peitho, and Artemis.
and, according to Zosimus, contributed by his (Comp. Dion Chrys. Orat. vii. p. 568. ) But these
treachery to the disastrous issue of the battle, are not all, for the Moeme too are callod Seal ga-
which proved fatal to Decius and Herennius. (Dg-unacau (Spanheim ad Cullin. Hymn. in Dran. 23,
CIUS; HERENNIUS ETRUSCUS. ) The empire in Del. 292, 297), and, in fact, nearly all the gods
being thus suddenly left without a ruler, Gallus might regarded as the protectors of marriage,
was selected, towards the end of November, A. D. though the five mentioned by Plutarch perhaps
251, by both the senate and the soldiers, as the more particularly than others. The Athenians
person best qualified to mount the vacant throne, called their month of Gamelion after these divini-
and Hostilianus, the surviving son of the late ties. Respecting the festival of the Gamelia see
prince, was nominated his colleague. The first Dich. of Ant. s. v.
(L. S. )
care of the new ruler was to conclude a peace with GANNASCUS, a chief of the Chauci, a Suevian
the victorious barbarians in terms of which they race settled between the Weser (Visurgis) and the
agreed to retire beyond the frontier, on condition Elbe (Albis). Gannascus himself, however, was of
of retaining their plunder and their captives and of Batavian origin, and had long served Rome among
te xeiving a fixed annual tribute as the price of the Batavian auxiliaries. He had deserted in a. a
@ 3
## p. 230 (#246) ############################################
230
GANYMEDES.
GAOS.
47, when, at the head of the Chauci, he passed up | 266, IIymn. in Ven. 202, &c. ; Apollod. ii. 5. $9;
the Rhine, and ravaged the western bank of the Paus. v. 24. 1), and Hermes, who took the
river. His inroads were stopped by Cn. Domitius borses to Tros, at the same time comforted him by
Corbulo (CORBULO], into whose hands Gannascus informing him that by the will of Zeus, Ganymedes
was betrayed, and executed as a deserter. (Tac. had become immortal and exempt from old age.
Ann. xi. 18, 19. )
(W. B. D. ) Other writers state that the compensation which
GANNYS, distinctly mentioned by Dion Cas Zeus gave to Tros consisted of a golden vine.
sius in the thirty-eighth and thirty-ninth chapters of (Schol. ad Eurip. Orest. 1399 ; Eustath. ad Hom.
book seventy-eight as an active supporter of Ela- p. 1697. ) The idea of Ganymedes being the cup-
gubalus, being classed in the latter passage with bearer of Zeus (urniger) subsequently gave rise
Comazon, is believed to be the person whose name to his identification with the divinity who was
has dropped out of the text at the commencement believed to preside over the sources of the Nile
of the sixth chapter in book seventy-nine, who is (Philostr. Vi. Apoll. vi. 26; Pind. Fragm. 110.
there represented as the preceptor and guardian of ed. Brickh. ), and of his being placed by as-
Elagabalus, as the individual who hy his astuteness tronomers among the stars under the name of
and energy accomplished the overthrow of Macri- Aquarius. (Eratosth. Catast. 26 ; Virg. Georg.
nus, and as one of the first victims of the youthful iii. 304 ; Hygin. Fab. 224; Poet. Astr. ii. 29. )
tyrant after he was seated upon the throne. Sal. Ganymedes was frequently represented in works of
masius (ad Spartian. Iladrian. 16) endeavours to art as a beautiful youth with the Phrygian cap.
• show that Gunnys and Comazon are not real per-He appears either as the companion of Zeus (Paus.
sonages, but epithets of contempt applied by the v. 24. § 1), or in the act of being carried off by an
historian to the profligate Syrian, whose sensuality eagle, or of giving food to an eagle from a patera.
and riotous folly would cause him to be designated The Romans called Ganymedes by a corrupi form
as Távov kal Kwuafovta (i. e. glutton and reveller). of his name Catamitus. (Plaut. Men. i. 2. 34. )
This position has, however, been most successfully Ganymedes was an appellation sometimes given
attacked by Reim. arus (ad Dion. Cass. Ixxviii
. 38), to handsome slaves who officiated as cupbearers.
and is unquestionably quite untenable. [Có (Petron. 91 ; Martial, Epigr. ix. 37 ; Juv. v.
MAZON. ).
(W. R. ] 59. )
(LS. )
GANY ME'DES (ravouňans). According to GANYME'DES (Tarvustos). 1. Governor of
Homer and others, he was a son of Tros by Calir-Aenos, in Thrace, while the town and district be
rhoë, and a brother of Ilus and Assaracus; being longed to Ptolemy Philopater, king of Egypt
the most beautiful of all mortals, he was carried off (Polyb. v. 34. ) Ganymedes betrayed Aenos to
by the gods that he might fill the cup of Zeus, and Philip II. , king of Macedonia, B. c. 200. (Liv. xxxi.
live among the eternal gods. (Hom. N. xx. 231, 16 )
&c. ; Pind. Ol. l. 44, xi. in fin. ; Apollod. iii. 12. 2. A eunuch attached to the Egyptian court,
$ 2. ) The traditions about Ganymedes, however, and tutor of Arsinoë, youngest daughter of Pto-
differ greatly in their detail, for some call him a lemy Auletes. (ArsinoE, No. 6. ) Towards the
son of Laomedon (Cic. Tusc. i. 22 ; Eurip. Troad. end of B. c. 48 Ganymedes accompanied Arsinoë
822), others a son of Ilus (Tzetz. ad Lycoph. 34), in her flight from Alexandria to the Aegyptian
and others, again, of Erichthonius or Assaracus. camp; and, after assassinating their leader, Achillas
(Hygin. Fab. 224, 271. ) The manner in which he [ACHILLAS), he succeeded to the command of the
was carried away from the earth is likewise differ- troops, whose favour he had secured by a liberal
ently described; for while Homer mentions the donative. Ganymedes, by his skilful dispositions
gods in general, later writers state that Zeus him- and unremitting attacks, greatly distressed and
self carried him off, either in his natural shape, endangered Caesar, whoin he kept besieged in the
or in the form of an eagle, or that he sent his eagle upper city of Alexandria. By hydraulic wheels,
to fetch Ganymedes into heaven. (A pollod. l. c. ; he poured sea-water into the tanks and reservoirs
Virg. Aen. v. 253; Ov. Met. x. 255; Lucian, of the Roman quarter ; cut off Caesar's communi-
Dul. Deor. 4. ) Other statements of later date cation with his fleet, equipped two flotillas from
seem to be no more than arbitrary interpretations the docks, the guardships, and the trading vessels,
foisted upon the genuine legend. Thus we are told and twice encountered Caesar, once in the road-
that he was not carried off by any god, but either stead, and once in the inner harbour of Alexandria.
by Tantalus or Minus, that he was killed during But after her brother Ptolemy joined the insur-
the chase, and buried on the Mysian Olympus. gents, the power of Arsinoë declined, and Gany-
(Steph. Byz. s. v. 'Aprugía; Strab. xiii. p. 587; medes disappears from history. (Hirt. Bell. Aler.
Eustath. ad Hom. pp. 986, 1205. ) One tradition, 1-24; Dion Cass. xlii. 39—44 ; Lucan, 1. 5:20
which has a somewhat more genuine appearance, -531. )
(W. B. D. )
Blated that he was carried off by Eos. (Schol. ad GAOS (raus), the commander of the Persian
Apollom. Rhod. iii. 115. ) There is, further, no fleet, in the great expedition sent by Artaxerxes
agreement as to the place where the event occurred against Evagoras in Cyprus, B. c. 386. In this
(Strab. , Steph. Byz. ll. cc. , Horat. Carm. iii. 20, in situation he was subordinate to Tiribazus, whose
fin. ) The early legend simply states that Gany- daughter he had married, and who held the chief
medes was carried off that he might be the cup command by sea ; but he contributed essentially
bearer of Zeus, in which office he was conceived to to the success of the war, and totally defeated the
have succeeded Hebe (comp. Diod. iv. 75; Virg. fect of Evagoras off Citium. But the protracted
len. i. 28): but later writers describe him as the siege of Salamis having given rise to dissensions
beloved and favourite of Zeus, without allusion to among the generals, which led to the recal of Ti-
his office. (Eurip. Orest. 1392 ; Plat. Phaedr. p. ribazus, Gaos became apprehensive of being in-
255 ; Xenoph. Symp. viii. 30 ; Cic. Tusc. iv. 33. ) volved in his disgrace, and determined to revolt
Zeus compensated the father for his loss with the from the Persian king. Accordingly, after the
present of a pair of divine horses (Hom. I. v. termination of the Cyprian war, he kept together
## p. 231 (#247) ############################################
GAUDENTIUS.
231
GAUDENTIUS.
the forces under his command, on whose attach- him except one or two points which we may gather
ment he deemed that he could rely, and entered from the treatise which bears his name. In his
into an alliance with Acoris, king of Egypt, and theory Gaudentius follows the doctrines of Aris
with the Lacedaemonians who gladly embraced toxenus, whence it is inferred that he lived before
the opportunity to renew hostilities against Persia. the time of Ptolemy, whose views seem to have
But in the midst of his preparations, Gaos was cut been unknown to him. His treatise bears the title
off by secret assassination. (Diod. xv. 3, 9, 18. ) Eigayant apuovinh; it treats of the elements of
It is undoubtedly the same person who is called by music, of the voice, of sounds, intervals, systems,
Polyaenus (vii. 20) Glob (raw), whom that author &c, and forms an introduction to the study of
mentions as carrying on war in Cyprus. There is music which seems to have enjoyed some reputation
some doubt, indeed, which is the more correct form in antiquity. Cassiodorus (Divin. Lect. 8) men-
of the name. (See Casaubon, ad Polyaen. l. c. ; tions it with praise, and tells us that one of his
Wesseling, ad Diod. xv. 3. ) (E. H. B. ) contemporaries, Mutianus, had made a Latin trang
GA'RANUS, a shepherd of gigantic bodily lation of it for the use of schools. This translation
strength, who is said to have come from Greece is, however, lost. The Greek original is printed
into Italy in the reign of Evander, and slew with notes and a Latin translation in Meibom's
Cacus. (Serv. ad Aen. viii. 203. ) Aurelius Victor Antiq. Musicas Scriptores. (Comp. Fabr. Bill.
(Orig. Gent. Rom. 6) calls him Recaranus, but both Graec. vol. iii. p. 647, &c. )
(L. S. )
writers agree in identifying him with the Greek GAUDE'NTIUS, the pupil and friend of Phi-
Heracles.
(L. S. ] lastrius (PHILASTRIUS), was, upon the death of
GARGI'LIUS MARTIA'LIS. [MARTIALIS. ] his master, elected to the vacant see of Brescia by
GA'RGARU'S (rápyapos), a son of Zeus, from the united voice of both clergy and laity. Having
whom the town and mountain of Gargara in Mysia received intelligence of his elevation while travel-
were believed to have derived their name. (Steph. ling in the east, he sought to decline the respon-
Byz. s. v. rápyapa. )
(L. S. ] sibility of the sacred office. But being warmly
C. GARGO'NIUS, a Roman eques, whom Cicero pressed by Ambrose, and threatened at the same
calls an unlearned rabulist, but a very fluent and time with excommunication by the oriental bishops
shrewd speaker.
at an early age, and his death was borne by his soldiers, who despaired of success under such
father with great fortitude. (Cic. de Orat. i. 53, leaders. The precise date of this event has given
Brut. 23, de Amic. 2, 6, ad fum. iv. 6. )
rise to controversy among chronologers, some of
4. C. GALLUS (some read Gallius), a Roman whom fix upon the year 253, and others upon that
senator mentioned by Cicero (in Verr. ü. 65), but of 254.
it is uncertain whether he belonged to the Sulpicia The name of Gallus is associated with nothing
or Aquillia gens.
(L. S. ] but cowardice and dishonour. The hatred and
GALLUS, SURDI'NIUS, a wealthy Roman contempt attached to his memory may have led to
of the time of the emperor Claudius. When Clau- the reports chronicled by Zosimus and Zonaras
dius, in A. D. 46, removed a number of persons that the defeat of Decius was caused by his perfidy,
from the senate, because they had not sufficient and that he subsequently became the murderer of
means to keep up the senatorial dignity, Surdinius Hostilianus (Hostilianus). In addition to the
Gallus was preparing to go and settle at Carthage, misery produced by the inroads of the barbariaus
but Claudius called him back, saying that he would during this reign, great dismay arose from the
tie him with golden chains ; and Surdinius was rapid progress of a deadly pestilence which, com-
made a senator. (Dion Cass. Ix. 29. ) [L. S. ] mencing in Ethiopia, spread over every region of
GALLUS, TISIE'NUS, a Roman general be- the empire, and continued its ravages for the space
longing to the party of L. Antonius and Fulvia in of fifteen years. (Zonar. xii. 20, 21; Zosim. i.
their war with Octavianus in B. C. 41. When 23—28 ; Victor, de Cues. 30, Epit. 30 ; Eutrop.
Octavianus made an attack upon Nursia he was ix. 5 ; Jornandes, de Reb. Goth. 19. ) (W. R]
repulsed by Tisienus, who had the command in the GALLUS, P. VOLU'MNIUS, with the agno
place. In B. C. 36 he joined Sex. Pompeius in men Amintinus, was consul in B. C. 461 with Ser
Sicily with reinforcements ; but after the defeat of Sulpicius Camerinus. (Liv. iii. 10; Dionys. x. l;
Sextus, he surrendered, with his army, to Octavi- Diod. xi. 84; Val. Max. i 6. & 5; Plin. H. N. ji.
anus. (Dion Cass. xlviii. 13, xlix. 8, 10;. Appian, 57. )
(LS. )
B. C. iv. 32, v. 104, 117, 121. ) (L. S. ] GALVIA, CRISPINILLA. (CRISPINILLA)
GALLUS, TRÉBONIA'ŃUS, Roman em- GAMEʻLIJ (Jaunaio. Seol), that is, the divini-
peror, A. D. 251-254.
ties protecting and presiding over marriage. (Pot
C. Viius TREBONIANUS Gallus, whose origin | lux, i. 24 ; Maxim. Tyr. xxvi. 6. ) Plutarch
and early history are altogether unknown, held a (Quaest. Rom. 2) says, that those who married
high command in the army which marched to op required (the protection of) five divinities, vize
pose the first great inroad of the Goths (A. D. 251), Zeus, Hera, Aphrodite, Peitho, and Artemis.
and, according to Zosimus, contributed by his (Comp. Dion Chrys. Orat. vii. p. 568. ) But these
treachery to the disastrous issue of the battle, are not all, for the Moeme too are callod Seal ga-
which proved fatal to Decius and Herennius. (Dg-unacau (Spanheim ad Cullin. Hymn. in Dran. 23,
CIUS; HERENNIUS ETRUSCUS. ) The empire in Del. 292, 297), and, in fact, nearly all the gods
being thus suddenly left without a ruler, Gallus might regarded as the protectors of marriage,
was selected, towards the end of November, A. D. though the five mentioned by Plutarch perhaps
251, by both the senate and the soldiers, as the more particularly than others. The Athenians
person best qualified to mount the vacant throne, called their month of Gamelion after these divini-
and Hostilianus, the surviving son of the late ties. Respecting the festival of the Gamelia see
prince, was nominated his colleague. The first Dich. of Ant. s. v.
(L. S. )
care of the new ruler was to conclude a peace with GANNASCUS, a chief of the Chauci, a Suevian
the victorious barbarians in terms of which they race settled between the Weser (Visurgis) and the
agreed to retire beyond the frontier, on condition Elbe (Albis). Gannascus himself, however, was of
of retaining their plunder and their captives and of Batavian origin, and had long served Rome among
te xeiving a fixed annual tribute as the price of the Batavian auxiliaries. He had deserted in a. a
@ 3
## p. 230 (#246) ############################################
230
GANYMEDES.
GAOS.
47, when, at the head of the Chauci, he passed up | 266, IIymn. in Ven. 202, &c. ; Apollod. ii. 5. $9;
the Rhine, and ravaged the western bank of the Paus. v. 24. 1), and Hermes, who took the
river. His inroads were stopped by Cn. Domitius borses to Tros, at the same time comforted him by
Corbulo (CORBULO], into whose hands Gannascus informing him that by the will of Zeus, Ganymedes
was betrayed, and executed as a deserter. (Tac. had become immortal and exempt from old age.
Ann. xi. 18, 19. )
(W. B. D. ) Other writers state that the compensation which
GANNYS, distinctly mentioned by Dion Cas Zeus gave to Tros consisted of a golden vine.
sius in the thirty-eighth and thirty-ninth chapters of (Schol. ad Eurip. Orest. 1399 ; Eustath. ad Hom.
book seventy-eight as an active supporter of Ela- p. 1697. ) The idea of Ganymedes being the cup-
gubalus, being classed in the latter passage with bearer of Zeus (urniger) subsequently gave rise
Comazon, is believed to be the person whose name to his identification with the divinity who was
has dropped out of the text at the commencement believed to preside over the sources of the Nile
of the sixth chapter in book seventy-nine, who is (Philostr. Vi. Apoll. vi. 26; Pind. Fragm. 110.
there represented as the preceptor and guardian of ed. Brickh. ), and of his being placed by as-
Elagabalus, as the individual who hy his astuteness tronomers among the stars under the name of
and energy accomplished the overthrow of Macri- Aquarius. (Eratosth. Catast. 26 ; Virg. Georg.
nus, and as one of the first victims of the youthful iii. 304 ; Hygin. Fab. 224; Poet. Astr. ii. 29. )
tyrant after he was seated upon the throne. Sal. Ganymedes was frequently represented in works of
masius (ad Spartian. Iladrian. 16) endeavours to art as a beautiful youth with the Phrygian cap.
• show that Gunnys and Comazon are not real per-He appears either as the companion of Zeus (Paus.
sonages, but epithets of contempt applied by the v. 24. § 1), or in the act of being carried off by an
historian to the profligate Syrian, whose sensuality eagle, or of giving food to an eagle from a patera.
and riotous folly would cause him to be designated The Romans called Ganymedes by a corrupi form
as Távov kal Kwuafovta (i. e. glutton and reveller). of his name Catamitus. (Plaut. Men. i. 2. 34. )
This position has, however, been most successfully Ganymedes was an appellation sometimes given
attacked by Reim. arus (ad Dion. Cass. Ixxviii
. 38), to handsome slaves who officiated as cupbearers.
and is unquestionably quite untenable. [Có (Petron. 91 ; Martial, Epigr. ix. 37 ; Juv. v.
MAZON. ).
(W. R. ] 59. )
(LS. )
GANY ME'DES (ravouňans). According to GANYME'DES (Tarvustos). 1. Governor of
Homer and others, he was a son of Tros by Calir-Aenos, in Thrace, while the town and district be
rhoë, and a brother of Ilus and Assaracus; being longed to Ptolemy Philopater, king of Egypt
the most beautiful of all mortals, he was carried off (Polyb. v. 34. ) Ganymedes betrayed Aenos to
by the gods that he might fill the cup of Zeus, and Philip II. , king of Macedonia, B. c. 200. (Liv. xxxi.
live among the eternal gods. (Hom. N. xx. 231, 16 )
&c. ; Pind. Ol. l. 44, xi. in fin. ; Apollod. iii. 12. 2. A eunuch attached to the Egyptian court,
$ 2. ) The traditions about Ganymedes, however, and tutor of Arsinoë, youngest daughter of Pto-
differ greatly in their detail, for some call him a lemy Auletes. (ArsinoE, No. 6. ) Towards the
son of Laomedon (Cic. Tusc. i. 22 ; Eurip. Troad. end of B. c. 48 Ganymedes accompanied Arsinoë
822), others a son of Ilus (Tzetz. ad Lycoph. 34), in her flight from Alexandria to the Aegyptian
and others, again, of Erichthonius or Assaracus. camp; and, after assassinating their leader, Achillas
(Hygin. Fab. 224, 271. ) The manner in which he [ACHILLAS), he succeeded to the command of the
was carried away from the earth is likewise differ- troops, whose favour he had secured by a liberal
ently described; for while Homer mentions the donative. Ganymedes, by his skilful dispositions
gods in general, later writers state that Zeus him- and unremitting attacks, greatly distressed and
self carried him off, either in his natural shape, endangered Caesar, whoin he kept besieged in the
or in the form of an eagle, or that he sent his eagle upper city of Alexandria. By hydraulic wheels,
to fetch Ganymedes into heaven. (A pollod. l. c. ; he poured sea-water into the tanks and reservoirs
Virg. Aen. v. 253; Ov. Met. x. 255; Lucian, of the Roman quarter ; cut off Caesar's communi-
Dul. Deor. 4. ) Other statements of later date cation with his fleet, equipped two flotillas from
seem to be no more than arbitrary interpretations the docks, the guardships, and the trading vessels,
foisted upon the genuine legend. Thus we are told and twice encountered Caesar, once in the road-
that he was not carried off by any god, but either stead, and once in the inner harbour of Alexandria.
by Tantalus or Minus, that he was killed during But after her brother Ptolemy joined the insur-
the chase, and buried on the Mysian Olympus. gents, the power of Arsinoë declined, and Gany-
(Steph. Byz. s. v. 'Aprugía; Strab. xiii. p. 587; medes disappears from history. (Hirt. Bell. Aler.
Eustath. ad Hom. pp. 986, 1205. ) One tradition, 1-24; Dion Cass. xlii. 39—44 ; Lucan, 1. 5:20
which has a somewhat more genuine appearance, -531. )
(W. B. D. )
Blated that he was carried off by Eos. (Schol. ad GAOS (raus), the commander of the Persian
Apollom. Rhod. iii. 115. ) There is, further, no fleet, in the great expedition sent by Artaxerxes
agreement as to the place where the event occurred against Evagoras in Cyprus, B. c. 386. In this
(Strab. , Steph. Byz. ll. cc. , Horat. Carm. iii. 20, in situation he was subordinate to Tiribazus, whose
fin. ) The early legend simply states that Gany- daughter he had married, and who held the chief
medes was carried off that he might be the cup command by sea ; but he contributed essentially
bearer of Zeus, in which office he was conceived to to the success of the war, and totally defeated the
have succeeded Hebe (comp. Diod. iv. 75; Virg. fect of Evagoras off Citium. But the protracted
len. i. 28): but later writers describe him as the siege of Salamis having given rise to dissensions
beloved and favourite of Zeus, without allusion to among the generals, which led to the recal of Ti-
his office. (Eurip. Orest. 1392 ; Plat. Phaedr. p. ribazus, Gaos became apprehensive of being in-
255 ; Xenoph. Symp. viii. 30 ; Cic. Tusc. iv. 33. ) volved in his disgrace, and determined to revolt
Zeus compensated the father for his loss with the from the Persian king. Accordingly, after the
present of a pair of divine horses (Hom. I. v. termination of the Cyprian war, he kept together
## p. 231 (#247) ############################################
GAUDENTIUS.
231
GAUDENTIUS.
the forces under his command, on whose attach- him except one or two points which we may gather
ment he deemed that he could rely, and entered from the treatise which bears his name. In his
into an alliance with Acoris, king of Egypt, and theory Gaudentius follows the doctrines of Aris
with the Lacedaemonians who gladly embraced toxenus, whence it is inferred that he lived before
the opportunity to renew hostilities against Persia. the time of Ptolemy, whose views seem to have
But in the midst of his preparations, Gaos was cut been unknown to him. His treatise bears the title
off by secret assassination. (Diod. xv. 3, 9, 18. ) Eigayant apuovinh; it treats of the elements of
It is undoubtedly the same person who is called by music, of the voice, of sounds, intervals, systems,
Polyaenus (vii. 20) Glob (raw), whom that author &c, and forms an introduction to the study of
mentions as carrying on war in Cyprus. There is music which seems to have enjoyed some reputation
some doubt, indeed, which is the more correct form in antiquity. Cassiodorus (Divin. Lect. 8) men-
of the name. (See Casaubon, ad Polyaen. l. c. ; tions it with praise, and tells us that one of his
Wesseling, ad Diod. xv. 3. ) (E. H. B. ) contemporaries, Mutianus, had made a Latin trang
GA'RANUS, a shepherd of gigantic bodily lation of it for the use of schools. This translation
strength, who is said to have come from Greece is, however, lost. The Greek original is printed
into Italy in the reign of Evander, and slew with notes and a Latin translation in Meibom's
Cacus. (Serv. ad Aen. viii. 203. ) Aurelius Victor Antiq. Musicas Scriptores. (Comp. Fabr. Bill.
(Orig. Gent. Rom. 6) calls him Recaranus, but both Graec. vol. iii. p. 647, &c. )
(L. S. )
writers agree in identifying him with the Greek GAUDE'NTIUS, the pupil and friend of Phi-
Heracles.
(L. S. ] lastrius (PHILASTRIUS), was, upon the death of
GARGI'LIUS MARTIA'LIS. [MARTIALIS. ] his master, elected to the vacant see of Brescia by
GA'RGARU'S (rápyapos), a son of Zeus, from the united voice of both clergy and laity. Having
whom the town and mountain of Gargara in Mysia received intelligence of his elevation while travel-
were believed to have derived their name. (Steph. ling in the east, he sought to decline the respon-
Byz. s. v. rápyapa. )
(L. S. ] sibility of the sacred office. But being warmly
C. GARGO'NIUS, a Roman eques, whom Cicero pressed by Ambrose, and threatened at the same
calls an unlearned rabulist, but a very fluent and time with excommunication by the oriental bishops
shrewd speaker.
