No More Learning

"How can you let such ideas enter your head? '' he said, over and over, but got no answer. He must have uncon- sciously drawn her closer to him, for Clarisse now set the nails of her outspread ten fingers on his face like a bird's claws, keeping it from getting any closer to hers. She's crazy, Walter felt, but he couldn't let her go. An ugliness beyond all comprehension distorted her face; he had never seen a lunatic in his life, but this, he thought, must be what they looked like.
And suddenly he groaned: "You're in love with him! " It was not a particularly original remark, nor was this the first time they had ar- gued the point; it was only that he did not want to believe that Cla- risse was mad but preferred to believe that she loved Ulrich. This act of self-sacrifice was perhaps not quite uninfluenced by the fact that Clarisse, whose thin-lipped Early Renaissance beauty he had always admired, now for the first time looked ugly to him, an ugliness possi- bly related to her face being no longer tenderly veiled by love for him but stripped bare by the brutal love for his rival. Here was a suffi- ciency of complications, trembling between his heart and his eye as something quite new to him, full of meaning both general and per-
sonal. But what if his groaning out "You're in love with him! " in that subhuman voice was a sign ofhis being already infected by Clarisse's madness? The thought gave him a start.
Clarisse had gently freed herself from his grasp but then moved close to him of her own accord and said several times, in answer to his question, as though she were chanting something: "I don't want a child from you! I don't want a child from you! " kissing him lightly and quickly as she spoke.
Then she was gone.
Had she really also said, "He wants a child from me? " Walter could not be sure, but he heard it as a sort ofpossibility. He stood at the piano, jealous to the bursting point, sensing a breath of some- thing warm and something cold blowing on him from either side. Were these the currents ofgenius and madness? Ofsurrender and of hatred? Of love and rationality? He could imagine himself leaving the way open for Clarisse and oflaying his heart down on the road for her to walk over, and he could also imagine himself annihilating her and Ulrich with the power ofwords. He could not decide whether to rush off to Ulrich or begin composing his symphony, which might in this moment become the eternal struggle between the earth and the stars, or whether it might be a good idea to cool himself off first in the water-nymph pool ofWagner's forbidden music. By dint of these considerations, the indescribable state in which he had found him- self began to clear up.
He opened the piano and lit a cigarette, and while his thoughts were scattering farther afield, his fmgers on the keyboard were be- ginning to play the billowing, spine-melting music of the Saxon wiz- ard. After this slow discharge of emotion had been going on for a while, he came to realize that he and his wife had both been in a state in which they could not be held responsible for their actions; embar- rassing as it was, he knew it was too soon to go after Clarisse and make her understand. Now he needed to be with other people. He clapped on his hat and went off to town to carry out his original in- tention and immerse himself in the general excitement, if he could find it. As he walked he felt as though he were a captain bringing with him a demonic fighting force to link up with the others. But once he was on the trolley to town, life resumed its ordinary appear- ance. That Ulrich would have to be among the opposing forces, that
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Count Leinsdorf's town house might be stormed by the marchers, that he might see Ulrich hanging from a streetlamp or being tram- pled by an onrushing mob or, alternatively, being defended by Wal- ter and brought, trembling, to safety-these possibilities were at most fleeting shadows on the bright daylight pattern of the orderly train ride, with its set ticket prices, regular stops, and warning bells, a pattern with which Walter, his breathing now restored to a calmer rhythm, felt so much at home.
119
A COUNTERMINE AND A SEDUCTION
It now looked as though things were coming to a head, and even for Director Leo Fischel, who had been patiently biding his time and laying his countermine against Amheim, tlie moment of satisfaction came. Too bad that Frau Clementine happened to be out, so that he had to content himself with walking into his daughter Gerda's room, in his hand the afternoon paper that usually carried the latest news of the Stock Exchange. He settled himself comfortably in a chair, pointed to an item on the page, and asked genially: "Well now, my child, do you know to what we are indebted for the presence of that highbrow financier among us? "
At home he never referred to Arnheim in any other terms, to show that as a· serious man of business he was not impressed by his womenfolk's admiration for this rich windbag. Hatred may not give a man second sight, but there's often a grain of truth in a Stock Ex- change rumor, and the hint of one in the news item, combined with Fischel's dislike of the man, instantly made him see the whole picture.
·'Well, my dear, do you? " he repeated, trying to catch his daugh- ter's eye and hold it in the triumphant beam ofhis own. "He wants to get control of the Galician oil fields, that's what! "
With this Fischel got up again, grabbed his paper as one might grab a dog by the scruff of his neck, and walked out, because it had just occurred to him that there were several men he might can to check his information. He felt as though what he had just learned from the paper was what he had been thinking all along-which shows that news from the Stock Exchange has quite the same effect as the higher forms of literature-and he now approved of Arnheim as a sensible man of whom nothing less should have been expected, quite forgetting that he had till then been calling him nothing but a windbag. He could not be bothered to elucidate to Gerda the mean- ing of his announcement; every further w~rdwould only have weak- ened the impact of the facts, which spoke so eloquently for themselves. "He wants control of the Galician oil fields! " With the weight of this blunt statement on his tongue he left the scene, think- ing only: "The man who can afford to play a waiting game always wins in the end. " This is axiomatic on the Stock Exchange, among other such truths, which most perfectly complement the eternal verities.
Gerda waited until he was out of her room to give vent to hei: feel- ings-she would not give her father the satisfaction ofseeing her dis- concerted or even surprised-but now she hastily flung open the closet, grabbed her hat and coat, and straightened her hair and dress at the mirror, where she sat still for a bit, doubtfully studying her face. She had decided to rush directly to Ulrich with her f~ther's dis- closure, which she thought Ulrich ofall people should hear as soon as possible, since she knew enough about what was going on in Di- otima's circle to realize its importance to him. She sensed a world of feeling coming into motion, like a crowd that has been hesitating on the brink of something for a long time. Up to this point she had forced herself to behave as if she had forgotten Ulrich's invitation, but her first impulses had no sooner begun to detach themselves from the dark mass of feeling and slowly to move forward than the ones farther back were irresistibly impelled to run and push forward, and while she hesitated to make up her mind, her mind made itself up without paying any attention to her.
"He doesn't love mel" she told herself while studying her face, grown even more haggard in the last few days, in the mirror. "How could he love me, when I look like this," she thought listlessly, and
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added at once, in defiance: "He's not worth it; it's all in my imagina- tion anyway. "
She sat there in utter discouragement, feeling drained, feeling also that for years they had both worked hard at complicating something that was basically quite simple. Meanwhile Hans was only adding to her netvous strain with his immature attempts at making love to her. She treated . him harshly and sometimes, of late, contemptuously, which only made Hans more violent, behaving like a boy who threat- ens to do himself in, and when she had to calm him down, he fell back to putting his arms around her and touching her in his vague way, so that her shoulders grew bony and her skin turned dull. All these torments she had put behind her when she opened her closet to take out her hat, and her anxiety in front of the mirror only led to her jumping up again and rushing out, without in the least getting rid of the anxiety itself.
When Ulrich saw her coming in, h~ saw everything; to top it off, she had even tied on a veil such as Bonadea wore to visit him. Gerda was trembling in every limb and tried to mask her condition by as- sumirig an unnaturally casual manner, which only made her seem ab- surdly stiff.
"The reason I came, Ulrich, is that I've just had some important information from my father. "
"How peculiar," Ulrich thought; "she's never called me by my first name before. " Her forced tone of intimacy infuriated him, but he tried to keep her from seeing this byattributing her theatrical behav- ior to her wish to make her visit look less portentous, more like a normal, if slightly belated, occurrence, though the effort it cost her was bound to have the opposite effect on him, suggesting that her intentions were clearly to go to the limit.
'We've been close friends for a long time," she explained, "and the only reason we never used first names was to avoid the implica- tions. " It was a rehearsed entrance, and she was prepared to surprise him with it.
But Ulrich cut it short by putting an arm around her and giving her a kiss. Gerda gave way like a melting candle. Her breathing, her fin- gers fumbling for him, were those ofa person who has lost conscious- ness. He was instantly moved tO behave with the ruthlessness of a seducer who senses the vacillation of a soul being dragged along by
its body like a prisoner in the grip ofhis captors. Fro. m the windows a faint glimmer of wintry afternoon light entered the darkening room, where he stood outlined against one of these bright rectangles with the girl in his arms; her head was yellow and sharply contoured against the soft pillow of light, and her complexion had an oily shine, so that the whole effect was corpselike. He had to overcome a slight revulsion as he kissed her slowly everywhere on her bare skin be- tween her hair and her neckline until he came to her lips, which met his in a manner reminiscent of the frail little arms a child puts around a grownup's neck. He thought of Bonadea's beautiful face, which, in the grip of passion, resembled a dove with its feathers ruffled in the claws of a bird of prey, and of Diotima's statuesque loveliness, which he had never enjoyed; how strange that instead of the beauty these two women had to offer he should be loolting at Gerda's hbmely face, grim with passion.
But Gerda did not remain in her waking swoon for long. She had meant to shut her eyes for only a fleeting moment but lost all sense of time while Ulrich was kissing her, as if the stars were standing still in the infinite; as soon as he began to pause in his labors, however, she awakened and got firmly to her feet again. These were the first' kisses of real, not merely would-be passion she had ever given and, as she thought, received, and the reverberations in her body were as ex- traordinary as though this moment had already made a woman of her. It is a process much like having a tooth pulled: although immedi- ately afterward there is less of one's body than before, one actually feels more complete because a source of disquiet has been defini- tively removed. Hence, when Gerda felt the inner resolution of this chord, she pulled herself up, full of fresh determination.
"You haven't even asked me what I came to tell you," she said. "That you love me," Ulrich said in some embarrassment.
"Oh no; only that your friend Arnheim is making a fool of your
cousin, carrying on like a lover when what he's really after is some- thing quite different," and Gerda told him what her papa had found out.
The news in all its simplicity made a deep impression on Ulrich. He felt obliged to warn Diotima, who was sailing with wings out- spread into a ludicrous disappointment. For despite the malicious satisfaction he took in dwelling on this image, he felt sorry for his
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beautiful cousin. But most of all he was overcome with heartfelt ap- preciation for Papa Fischel, although he was on the verge of doing him a great wrong; he sincerely admired the man's reliable old-fash- ioned business sense, with its decorative border of fine sturdy con- victions, which had hit on the simplest explanation for all the mysteries surrounding that modish Great Mind. Ulrich's mood had been altered, leaving far behind the tender demands made on him by Gerda's presence. He couldn't believe that only a few days ago he had been able to think that he could open his heart to this girl. Sur- mounting the inner ramparts, he thought, is what Hans calls his sac- rilegious notion of two lovesick angels coming together, and he savored, as though he were running his fingers over it in his mind, the wonderfully smooth, hard surface of the matter-of-fact form life had taken on nowadays, thtmks to the good sense of Leo Fischel and his like. All he could find to say was "Your papa is a wonder. "
Gerda was so full of the importance of her news that she had ex- pected something more-she didn't know exactly what, but some- thing like the moment when all the instruments in the orchestra, winds and strings, strike up in unison-and Ulrich's indifference was a painful reminder of how he had always made a point of siding with the average, the ordinary, the- matter-of-fact aspect of things to de- flate her. She had tried to see this as a prickly kind of making ad- vances, something not altogether alien to her own young girl's ways, but now, "when they had really begun to love each other," a~ her somewhat childish formula went, she felt it ao; a clear warning that the man to whom she was giving herself so recklessly wa'i not taking her seriously enough. It was a blow to her new self-confidence, and yet she was also oddly pleased by "not being taken se1iously t>nough. " It was a relief, compared with the strain in kP<'ping up her relation- ship with Hans, and while she did not und<'rstand Ulrich's praise of her father, it somehow restored an order of things she had disturbed by hurting Papa Leo becaus~! of Hans. This mild sense of making a somewhat unusual reentry into the bosom of her family by way of
losing her virtue so distracted her that she gently resisted the pres- sure of Ulrich's arm and said to him: "Let's understand each other first as human beings, and the rest will take care of itself. " These words came from a manifesto of her group, the so-called Community
in Action, and was all that was left at the moment of Hans Sepp and his circle. •
But Ulrich had put his arm around her again because, knowing that he had something important to do since hearing the news about Arnheim, he first had to finish this episode with Gerda. He was not at all reconciled to having to go through everything the situation called for, but he immediately put the rejected arm around her again, this time in that wordless language which, without force, states more firmly than words can do that any further resistance is useless. Gerda felt the virility of that arm all the way down her spine. She had low- ered her head, with her eyes fixeq on her lap as though it held, gath- ered as in an apron, all the thoughts that would help her to reach that "human understanding" with Ulrich before anything could be al- lowed to happen as a crowning act. But she felt her face looking duller and more vacuous by the moment until, like an empty husk, it finally floated upward, with her eyes directly below the eyes of the seducer.
He bent down and covered this face with the ruthless kisses that stir the flesh. Gerda straightened up as if she had no will of her own and let herself be led the ten steps or so tp Ulrich's bedroom, leaning heavily on him as though she Wt're wounded or sick. Her feet moved, one ahead of the other, as if she had nothing to do with it, even though she did not let herself be dragged along but went of her own accord. Stwh an imwr void despite all that excitement was something Gerda had nt·vt>r known before; it was as if all the blood had been drained from hl'r; she was freezing, yet in passing a mirror that seemed to mlleet h<·r image from a great distance she could see that her face was a copp<~ry red, with flecks of white. Suddenly, as in a street accident when the eye is hypersensitive to the'whole scene, she took in the man's bedroom with all its detail-;. It came to her that, had she bec•n wis<•r and more calculating, she might have moved in here as Uhich's wife. It would haw made Iter very happy, but she was groping for words to say that she was uot out li>t· any advantage and had come only to give herself to him; yet the words did not come, and she told herself that this had to happen, and opened the collar of her dress. _
Ulrich had released her. He (•ould not bring himself to help un-
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dress her like a fond lover and stood apart, flinging off his own clothes. Gerda saw the man's tall, straight body, powerfully poised between violence and beauty. Panic-stricken, she noticed that her own body, still standing there in her underthings, was covered with gooseflesh. Again she groped for words that might help her, that might make her less of a miserable figure where she stood. She longed to say something that would turn Ulrich into her lover in a way she vaguely imagined as dissolving in infinite sweetness, some- thing one could achieve without having to do what she was about to do, something as blissful as it was indefinable. For an instant she saw herself standing with him in a field of candles growing out of the earth, row upon row to infinity, like so many pansies, all bursting into
· flame at her feet on signal. But as she could not utter a single word of all this, she went on feeling painfully unattractive and miserable, her arms trembling, unable to finish undressing; she had to clamp her bloodless lips together to keep them from twitching weirdly without a sound.
At this point Ulrich, who saw her agony and realized that the whole struggle up to now might come to nothing, went over to her and slipped off her shoulder straps. Gerda slid into bed like a boy. For an instant Ulrich saw a naked adolescent in motion; it affected him no more, sexually, than the sudden blinking of a fish. He guessed that Gerda had made up her mind to get it over with because it was too late to get out of it, and he had never yet perceived as clearly as in the instant he followed her into bed how much the passionate intru- sion into another body is a sequel to a child's liking for secret and forbidden hiding places. His hands encountered the girl's skin, still bristling with fear, and he felt frightened too, instead of attracted. This body, al~eadyflabby while still unripe, repelled him; it made no sense to do what he was doing, and he would have liked nothing bet- ter than to escape from this bed, so that he had to call to mind every- thing he could think of that would help him to see it through. In his frantic haste he ~ummoned up all the usual reasons people find now- adays to justify their acting without sincerity, or faith, or scruple, or satisfaction; and in abandoning himself to this effort he found, not, of course, any feeling of love, but a half-crazy anticipation of something like a massacre, a sex murder or, ifthere is such a thing, a lustful suicide, inspired by the demons of the void who lurk behind all of
life's images. This reminded him of his brawl with the hoodlums that night" he met Bonadea, and he decided to be quicker this time. But now something awful happened. Gerda had been gathering up all her inner resources to alchemize them into willpower with which to resist the shameful terror she was suffering, as though she were fac- ing her execution; but the instant she felt Ulrich beside her, so strangely naked, his hands on her bare skin, her body flung off all her will. Even while somewhere deep inside her she still felt a friendship beyond words for him, a trembling, tender longing to put her arms around him, kiss his hair, follow his voice to its source with her lips; and imagined that to touch his real self would make her rrielt like a fragment of snow on a warm hand-but it would have to be the Ul- rich she knew, dressed as usual, as he appeared in the familiar setting of her parental home, not this naked stranger whose hostility she sensed and who did not take her sacrifice seriously even as he gave her no time to think what she was doing-Gerda suddenly heard herself screaming. like a little cloud, a soap bubble, a scream hung in the air, and others·followed, little screams expelled from her chest as though she were wrestling with something, a whimpering from which high-pitched cries of ee-ee bubbled and floated off, from lips that grimaced and twisted and were wet as if with deadly lust. She wanted to jump up, but she couldn't move. Her eyes would not obey her and kept sending out signals without permission. Gerda was pleading to be let off, like a child facing some punishment or being taken to the doctor, who cannot go one step farther because it is being tom and convulsed by its own shrieks of terror. Her hands w~re up over her breasts, and she was menacing Ulrich with her naus while frantically pressing her long thighs together. This revolt of her body against herself was frightful. She perceived it with utmost clar- ity as a kind of theater, but she was also the audience sitting alone and desolate in the dark auditorium and could do nothing to prevent her fate from being acted out before her, in a screaming frenzy; nothing to keep herself from taking the lead in the performance.
Ulrich stared in horror into the tiny pupils of her veiled eyes, with their strangely unbending gaze, and watched, aghast, those weird motions in which desire and taboo, the soul and the soulless, were indescribably intertwined. His eye caught a fleeting glimpse of her pale fair skin and the short black hairs that shaded into red where
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they grew more densely. It occurred to him that he was facing a fit of hysteria, and he had no idea how to handle it. He was afraid that these horribly distressing screams might get even louder, and re- membered that such a fit might be stopped by an angry shout or . even by a sudden, vicious slap. Then the thought tha~ this horror might have been avoided somehow led him to think that a younger man might persist in going further with Gerda even in these circum- stances. "That might be a way of getting her over it," he thought, "perhaps it's a mistake to give in to her, now that the silly goose has let herself in too deep. " He did nothing of the sort; it was only that such irritable thoughts kept zigzagging through his mind while he was instinctively whispering an uninterrupted stream of comforting words, promising not to do anything to her, assuring her that nothing had really happened, asking her to forgive him, at the same time that all his words, swept up like chaffin his loathing ofthe scene she was making, seemed to him so absurd and undignified that he had to fight off a temptation to grab an armful of pillows to press on her mouth and choke off these shrieks that wouldn't stop.
At long last her fit began to wear off and her body quieted down. Her eyes brimming with tears, she sat up in the bed, her little breasts drooping slackly from a body not yet under the mind's full control. Ulrich took a deep breath, again overcome with repugnance at the inhuman, merely physical aspects of the experience. Gerda was re- gaining normal consciousness; something bloomed in her eyes, like the first actual awakening after the eyes have been open for some time, and she stared blankly ahead for a second, then noticed that she was sitting up stark naked and glanced at Ulrich; the blood cam~ in great waves back to her face. Ulrich couldn't think of anything bet- ter to do than whisper the same reassurances to her again; he put his arm around her shoulder, drew her to his chest, and told her to think nothing of it. Gerda found herself back in the situation that had driven her to hysteria, but. now everything looked strangely pale and forlorn: the tumbled bed, her nude body in the arms of a man in- tently whispering to her, the feelings that had brought her to this. She was fully aware ofwhat it all meant, but she also knew that some- thing horrible had happened, something she would rather not focus on, and while she could tell that Ulrich's voice sounded more tender, all it meant was that he regarded her as a sick person, but it was he
who had made her sick! Still, it no longer mattered; all she wanted was to be gone from this place, to get away without having to say a word.
She dropped her head and pushed Ulrich away, felt for her cami- sole, and pulled it over her head like a child or someone who did not care how she looked. Ulrich helped her to dress, he even pulled her stockings up over her legs, and he also felt as though he were dress- ing a child. Gerda was a bit unsteady on her feet when she stood up. She thought of how she had felt earlier in the day when she left home, the home to which she was about to return, and felt, in deep misery and shame, that she had not passed the test. She did not utter a word in answer to anything Ulrich was saying. A very distant mem- ory came back to her, of Ulrich once saying, as a joke on himself, that solitude sometimes led him into excess. · She did not feel angry at him. She simply wanted never again to hear him say anything what- soever. When he offered to get her a cab she only shook her head, pulled her hat on over her ruffled hair, and left him without a glance. Seeing her walk away with her veil now sadly trailing from her hand, he felt awkward as a schoolboy. He probably should not have let her go in this state, but he could think of no way to stop her, half-dressed as he was because he had been attending to her, unprepared even to confront the serious mood in which he was left, as though he would have to get fully dressed before he could decide what to· do with himself.
120
THE PARALLEL CAMPAIGN CAUSES A STIR
When Walter reached the center oftown he sensed something in the air. There was no visible difference in the way people moved on the sidewalks or in the carriages and streetcars, and ifthere was some- thing unusual here and there it faded out before one could tell what
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it was; nevertheless, everything seemed to be carrying a little sign pointing in one direction, and Walter had barely walked a few steps before he felt such a sign on himself as well. He followed the indi- ~ated direction and felt that the Department of Fine Arts official he was, as well as the struggling painter and musician, and even Cla- risse's tormented husband, were all giving way to a person who was none of the above. The very streets, with all their bustle and their ornate, pompous buildings, seemed to be in an analogous "expectant state," as though the hard facets of a crystal were being'dissolved in some liquid medium and about to fall back into an earlier, more amorphous condition. However conservative he was in rejecting in- novations, he was also always ready in his qwn mind to condemn the present, and the dissolution of the existing order that he was now sensing was positively stimulating. As in his recent daydream, the crowds he ran into had an aura of mobility and haste, and a unity that seemed more unforced than the usual group spirit based on intellect, morality, and sound security measures; more that of a free, informal community. They made him think Of a huge bunch of flowers just after it has been untied, opening freely without, ·however, falling apart; and of a body unclothed, standing free, smiling, naked, having no need of words. Nor was he troubled when, quickening his pace, he ran into a large contingent of police standing by; he enjoyed the sight, like that of a m$. tary camp in readiness for the alarm to be given; all those red uniform collars, dismounted riders, movements of small units reporting their arrival or departure, stirred his senses into a warlike mood.
Beyond this point, where a cordon was about to be drawn across the street, the scene was more somber. There were hardly any women on the sidewalks, and even the colorful uniforms of the army officers who normally were seen hereabouts when off duty had somehow been swallowed up by the prevailing uncertainty. There were still many pedestrians like himself coming downtown, but the impression they gave was more that of chaff and litter in the wake of a strong gust of wind. Soon he saw the first groups forming, appar- ently held together not only by curiosity but just as much by indeci- sion whether to follow the unusual attraction farther or to turn around and'go home.
Walter's questions elicited a variety of answers. Some said that
there was a great patriotic parade; others thought they had heard of a protest march against certain dangerously nationalistic activists, and opinions were equally split as to whether the general uproar was caused by the Pan-Germans protesting against the government's coddling ofthe Slavic minorities, as most people thought, or by loyal supporters of the government urging all patriotic Kakanians to march shoulder-to-shoulder in its defense against such continual dis- orders. They were all tagalongs like himself and knew nothing more than he had already heard rumored at the office, but an irrepressible itch to gossip led Walter on to speak to people, and even though they mostly admitted to having no idea, or laughed the whole thing off as a joke, including their own curiosity, the farther he went the more ev- eryone seemed to be in agreement that it was high time something was done, though no one volunteered to tell him just what that should be. As he kept on, he noticed more often on the faces he met something senseless that overflowed and drowned out reason itself, something that told him that no one cared any longer what was hap- pening, wherever they were being drawn to, as long as it was some- thing unusual that would "take them out of themselves," if only. in the attenuated form of a common general excitement, suggesting a remote kinship with long-forgotten states of communal ecstasy and transfiguration, a sort of developing unconscious readiness to leap out of their clothes, and even their skins. ·
Trading speculations and saying things that were not at all in char- acter, Walter fell in with the rest, who were gradually transforming themselves from small crumbling groups ofpeople, just waiting, and other people walking aimlessly along, into a procession that ad- vanced toward the supposed scene of events, still without any defi- nite intent yet visibly growing in density and energy. Emotionally they were still at the stage where they were like rabbits scampering about outside their burrows; ready to scunjr back inside at the slight- est sign of danger, when from the front of the disordered procession, far ahead and out of sight, a more definite sort of excitement came rippling back toward the rear. Up there a group of students, young men anyway, who had already taken some sort of action and had re- turned from "the battlefield," joined the vanguard, and sounds of talking and shouting too far away to be understood, garbled mes- sages, and waves of excitement were running through the crowd and,
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depending on the listeners' temperaments or what scraps of informa- tion they snatched up, spread indignation or fear, the itch to fight or some moral imperative, causing the gathering mob to thrust forward in a mood guided by the kind of commonplace notions that take a different form inside every head but are of so little significance, de- spite being uppermost in the consciousness, that they join in a single vital force that affects the muscles more than the brain. In the midst of this moving-throng Walter also became infected and soon found himself in that stimulated but vacuous state rather likt> the early stages of drunkenness. Nobody really knows the exact nature of the change that turns individuals with a will of their own into a mob with a single will, capable of going to the wildest extremes ofgood or evil and incapable ofstopping to think anything through, even if most of the individuals involved have spent their lives dedicated to modera- tion and prudence in the conduct of their private affairs. A mob in a state of mounting excitement for which it has no outlet will probably discharge all that energy into the first available channel, and thost> among its participants who are the most excitable, sensitive, and most vulnerable to pressure, those at the extreme end~ of the spec- trum who are primed to commit sudden acts of violence or risE' to unprecedented levels of sentimental generosity, are most likdy to sl"'t the example and lead the way; they are the points of leas~ resistance in the mass, but the shout that is uttered through them rather than by them, the stone that somehow finds its way into their hands, the emotion into which they burst, is what opens the way along which the others, who have been generating excitement among themselves to the point where it must be discharged, then come surging in a frenzy, giving to what happens the character of mob action, which is experi- enced by those involved in it as both compulsion and liberation.
What makes such agitated behavior interesting, incidentally, ob- servable as it is among spectators of any sporting event or among crowds listening to speeches, is not so much the psychology of the emotional release it affords as the question of what it is that primes people to get themselves into such a state in the first place. Assuming that life makes sense, even its senseless manifestations would have some meaning and would not necessarily look like mere demonstra- tions of mental deficiency. Walter happened to know this better than most and could think of all sorts of remedies for it, so that he was
constantly struggling against being swept along by this tidal wave of communal passion, which, demeaning as it was, nevertheless raised his spirits sky-high. The thought of Clarisse flashed through his mind. What a good thing she isn't here, he thought: she'd be crushed flat. A stab of grief kept him from pursuing his thought of her-with it had come the all-too-distinct impression she had· given him of being raving mad. Maybe I'm the one that's mad, he thought, be- eause it's taken me so long to notice it. I soon will be, if I go on living \\ith her. I don't believe it, he thought, but there's no doubt about·it. Hight between my hands her darling face turned into a hideous mask. he thought. But he couldn't think it all through properly; his mind was awash with despair. He could only feel that despite his lwlple~~ anguish for her, it was incomparably finer to love Clarisse than to be mnning with the pack here-and to escape his fears. , he pressed himself deeper into the ranks of the marchers.
Me:mwhill' Ulrich had arrived at the Palais Leinsdorf, though by anothc>r rcmtl'.
As he turned into the gate he noticed a double guard at the entrance and a large detachment of police stationed inside the l'Ourtyard. His Grace welcomed him with composure, while appar- ently aware of having become a target of popular disfavor.
"I think I once told you that anything favored by a good many peo- ple is sun' to tmn out to be worthwhile. Well, I have to take that baek. Of <:nllfse, there are exceptions," he said.
His Gnu:e>'s majordomo now arrived with the latest bulletin: the demonstrators were approaching the Palais, and should he arrange to have the gate and shutters loeked? His Grace shook his head. "What an idea! " he said kindly. "They'd like nothing better; it would allow them to think we're afraid of them. Besides; we've got all those men down there from the police looking out for us. " Then, turning to Ulrich, he said indignantly: "Let them come and sma'ih our windows! I told you all along that all that intellectual chatter would get . us no- where. " Behind his fa~-ade of dignified ealm, a deep resentment seemed to be working within him.
Ulrich had just walked over to the window when the marchers ar- rived. They were flanked by police, who dispersed the onlookers lin- ing the avenue like a cloud of dust raised by the firm tread of the marchers. A little farther back, vehicles could be seen wedged in the erowd, while its relentless current flowed around them in endless
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blackwavesonwhichthefoam ofupturnedfacesseemedtobedanc- ing. When the spearhead of the mob came within sight of Count Leinsdorf's windows, it looked as though it had been slowed down by some command; an immense ripple ran backward along the column as the advancing ranks jammed up, like a muscle tightening before launching a blow. The next instant this blow came whizzing through the air, in the weird form of a massed shout of indignation made visi- ble by all those wide-open mouths before their roar was heard. In rhythmical succession the rows offaces snapped open as they arrived on the scene, and since the noise of the ones in the rear was blotted out by the louder noise of those in the front, the spectacle could be seen repeating itself continually in the distance.
"The maw of the mob," Count Leinsdorf said, just behind Ulrich; as solerimly as if it were some familiar phrase like "our daily bread. " "But what is it they're actuallyyelling? I can't make it out, with all that din. "
Ulrich said he thought they were mostly screaming "Boo! "
"Yes, but there's something more, isn't there? "
Ulrich did not tell him that among the indistinct dancing sound
waves of boos, a clear, long-drawn-out "Down with Leinsdorfl" could often enough be heard. He even thought he had heard several outcries of"Hurray for Germany! " interspersed with "Lori. g live Am- heim! " but could not be absolutely sure, because the thick glass of the windows muffled the sounds.
Ulrich had come here as soon as Gerda left him, because he felt it was necessary to tell Count Leinsdorf, if no one else, the news that had come to his ears, which exposed Arnheim beyond all expecta- tion. He had not yet had a chance to speak ofit. As he looked down at the dark surge of bodies beneath . the window, thoughts of his own days in the army made him say to himself: "It would take only one company to make a clean sweep ofthe square. " He could imagine all those gaping mouths turning into a single frothing maw suddenly succumbing to panic, growing slack and drooping at the edges, lips slowly sinking over teeth; his imagination transformed the menacing black crowd into a flock of hens scattering before a dog rushing into their midst. All his anger had contracted again into a hard knot, but the old satisfaction in watching moral man retreat before brute vio- lent man was, as always, a two-edged feeling.
"Are you all right? " Count Leinsdorfwas asking. He had been pac- ing the floor behind Ulrich and had actually received the impression from some odd movement of Ulrich's that he had cut himself, though there was no sharp-edged object anywhere in the vicinity. When he received no answer he stood still, shook his head, and said: "We must not forget, after all, that it is not so very long since His Majesty's generous decision to let the people have a voice in the con- duct of their own affairs·; so it is understandable that a degree of uni- versal political maturity that would be worthy of our Sovereign's magnanimity is still lacking. I believe I said as much at our very first meeting. "
This little speech made Ulrich drop any notion of telling His Grace or Diotima about Arnheim's machinations; despite his. antago- nism to Arnheim he felt closer to him than to the others, and his memory of himself setting upon Gerda, like a big dog on a howling little one, a memory he now realized had been haunting him all along, troubled him less when he thought of Arnheim's infamous conduct toward Diotima. The episode of the screaming body staging a dramatic scene for a captive audience of two embarrassed souls could also be seen from the farcical side, and the people down there in the street at whom Ulrich was still staring spellbound without tak- ing the slightest notice of Count Leinsdorf were also staging a farce. It was this that fascinated him. They did not really want to attack or rip anyone apart, although they looked as if they did. They made a serious show of being enraged, but it was not the kind of seriousness that drives men into a line of fire, not even that of a fire brigade! They're only going through some kind of ritual, he thought, some time-hallowed display of righteous indignation, the half-civilized, half-barbaric legacy of ancient communal rites no individual need take wholly seriously. He envied them. How appealing they are, even in this state where they are doing their best to be as unappealing as possible, he thought. The warm defense against loneliness that a crowd provides came radiating up from below, and here he was, fated to stand up here, outside its protective shelter-he felt this viv- idly, for an instant, as if he were looking up from down there and
seeing his own image behind the thick pane of glass set in the wall of the building. It would have been better for him and his fate, he felt, had he been able to fly into a rage at this moment, or, on Count
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Leinsdorf's behalf, give the alarm to. the guard, or alternatively had he been cap·able of feeling close to the ·people as their friend; a man who plays cards with his fellows, bargains with them, quarrels with them, and enjoys the same pleasures they do is free to order them shot, too, when the occasion calls for it, without its seeming to be anything unnatural. There is a way of being on good terms with life that allows a man to go about his business with no second thoughts, in a live-and-let-live fashion, Ulrich was thinking. It may have a pecu- liarity of its 9Wll but is no less dependable than a natural instinct, and it is from this that the intimate scent of a healthy personality ema- nates, while whoever lacks this gift for compromise with life and is solitary, unyielding, and in dead earnest makes the others feel uneasy and unnerves them, as a caterpillar might, not because it is danger- ous but because it is repellent. He felt a depressing aversion for the unnatura)ness of the solitary man and his mental games, such as may be aroused by the sight of a turbulent crowd in the grip of natural, shared emotions.
The demonstration had been growing more intense. Count Leins- dorf was pacing the room in some agitation, with an occasional glance through the second window. He was in distress, though he wo. uld not show it; his eyes protruded like two little marbles from among the soft furrows of his face, and he stretched his arms now and then before he crossed them again behind his back. Ulrich sud- denly realized that it was he, who had been standing at the window the whole time, who was being taken for the Count. All the eyes doWn. there. seemed focused on his face, and sticks were being bran- dished at him. A few steps beyond, where the street curved from view as though it were slipping into the wings, the performers were already beginning to take off the greasepaint, as it were; there was no point in looking fierce for no one in particular, so they naturally let their faces relax, and some even began to joke and laugh as if they were on a picnic. Ulrich noticed this and laughed too, but the new- comers took him for the Count laughing and their rage rose to a fear- some pitch, which only made Ulrich laugh all the more and Without restraint.
But all at once he broke off in disgust. With his eyes still moving from the. threatening open-mouthed faces to the high-spirited ones farther back, and his mind refusing to absorb any more of this spec-
tacle, he was undergoing a strange transformation. I can't go on with this life, and I can't keep on rebelling against it any longer, either, was what he felt, while keenly aware of the room behind him with the large paintings on the wall, the long Empire desk, the stiff per- pendicular lines of. draperies and bell ropes, like another, smaller stage, with him standing up front on the apron, in the opening be- tween the curtains, facing the drama running its course on the greater stage outside. The two stages had their own way offusing into one without regard for the fact that he was standing between them. Then his sense ofthe room behind him contracted and turned inside out, passing through him or flowing past him as if turned to water, making for a strange spatial inversion, Ulrich thought, so that the people were passing behind him. Perhaps he had passed through them and arrived beyond them at some zero point, or else they were moving both before and behind him, lapping against him as the same ever-changing ripples of a stream lap against a stone in their midst. It was an experience beyond his understanding; he was chiefly aware of the glassiness, emptiness, tranquillity of the state in which he found himself. Is it really possible, he wondered, to leave one's own space for some hidden other space? He felt as though chance had led him through a secret door.
He shook these dreams offwith so violent a motion of his whole body that Count Leinsdorf stood still in surprise. 'Whatever is the matter with you today? " His Grace asked. "You're taking it much too hard. I must stick to my decision: the Germans will have to be won over by way of the non-Germans, whether it hurts or not. " At these words Ulrich was at least able to smile again, and was grateful to see the Count's face before him, with all its knots and furrows. He was reminded ofthat special moment just before a plane lands, when the ground rises up again with all its voluptuous COt:J. tours out of the map- like flatness to which it had been reduced for hours on end, and things revert to their familiar earthly meanings, which seem to be growing out of the ground itself. At the same moment the incredible idea flashed through his mind to commit some crime, or perhaps it was an unfocused passing image, for he was not thinking of anything in particular. It might have had some reference to Moosbrugger, for he would have liked to help that fool whom fate had chanced to bring his way as two people come to occupy the same park bench. But all
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this "crime" really amounted to for him was the urge to shut himself out, to abandon the life he had been living companionably with oth- ers. His "dissident" or even "misanthropic" attitude, his so variously justified and well-earned position, had not "arisen" from anything, there was nothing to justify it, it simply existed, he had held it all his life, though rarely with such intensity. It is probably safe to say that in all the revolutions that have ever taken place in this world, it has al- ways been the thinking men who have come off worst. They always begin with the promise of a new civilization, make a clean sweep of every advance hitherte achieved by the human mind as though it were enemy property, and are overtaken by the next upheaval before they can surpass the heights previously attained. Our so-called peri- ods of civilization are nothing but a long series of detours, one for every failure of amovement forward; the idea of placing himself out- side this series was nothing new for Ulrich. The only new element was the increasing force of the signs that his mind was coming to a decision and that he was, in fact, ready to act on it. He did not make the slightest effort to come down to specifics. For some moments he was content to be permeated with the feeling that this time it would not be something general or theoretical, the sort of thing he had grown so tired of, but that he must do something personal, take an action that would involve him as a man of flesh and blood, with arms and legs. He knew that at the instant ofcommitting his undefined "crime" he would no longer be in a position to defy the world openly, but only God knew why this should arouse·in him such a sensation of passionate tenderness. It was somehow linked with his strange spa- tial experience of a while ago, a faint echo of which he could bring back at will, when what was happening on thi! ; side and on the other side of the window fused into one to form an obscurely exciting rela- tionship to the world that might have suggested to Ulrich-if he could have taken the time to think about it-the legendary voluptu- ousness that overcame mythical heroes on the point of being de- voured by the goddesses they had wooed.
Instead, he was interrupted by Count Leinsdorf, who had mean- while fought his own inner struggle through to a decision.
"I must stay at my post and face down this insurrection," His Grace began, "so I can't leave. But you, my dear fellow, must really go to your cousin as quickly as possible, before she has time to be
frightened and possibly moved to say something to some reporter that might not be quite the thing at this moment. You might tell her . . . " He paused to consider his message. "Yes, it will be best if you say to her: Strong remedies produce strong reactions. And tell her, too, that those who set out to make life better must not shrink, in a crisis, from using the stake or the knife. " He stopped again to think, with an almost alarming look of resolution, as his trim little beard rose and then sank to a downward, vertical position every time he was on the verge of saying something but paused to reconsider. In the end, his innate kindliness broke through and he said: "But tell her not to worry, not ~obe afraid ofthe troublemakers. The more ofa case they have, the more quickly they adjust themselves to the reali- ties when they are given a chance. I don't know whether you've no- ticed this, but there has never yet been an opposition party that· didn't cease to be in opposition when they took over the helm. This is not merely, as you might think, something that goes without saying. It is, rather, a very important point, because it is, if I may say so, the basic reality, the touchstone, the continuity in politics. "
1. 21
TALKING MAN-TO-MAN
When Ulrich arrived at Diotima's, Rachel, who let him in, told him that Madame was out but that Dr. Amheim was there, waiting for her. Ulrich said he would wait too, not noticing that his little ally of the other night had blushed scarlet at the sight of him.
Amheim, who had been at the window, watching what unrest there still was in the streets, crossed the room to shake hands with Ulrich. His face lit up at seeing Ulrich unexpectedly, for he had wanted to speak with Ulrich but had hesitated to seek him out; how- ever, he did not want to rush into things, and could not immediately think ofa good opening. Ulrich was also reluctant to start offwith the
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Galician oil fields, and so both men fell silent after their first words of greeting and ended up walking over to the window together, where they stared mutely at the flurries of movement down below.
After a while, Arnheim spoke: .
"I really don't understand you. Isn't it a thousand times more im- portant to come to grips with life than to write? "
"But I haven't been writing," Ulrich said crisply.
''I'm glad to hear it. " Arnheim adjusted to the fact. 'Writing, like the pearl, is a disease. Look down there. . . . " He pointed two of his beautifully manicured fingers at the street, with a movement that for all·its rapidity had the air of a papal blessing about it. "See how they come along, singly and in clusters, and from time to time a mouth is tom open and something inside makes it yell something. The same man under different circumstances would write something; I agree with you on that. "
"But you are a famous writer yourself, aren't you? "
"Oh, that doesn't mean anything. " But after saying this, gracefully leaving the question open, Arnheim turned to face Ulrich, confront- ing him as it were broadside, and standing chest-to-chest with him, said, carefully spacing his words:
"May I ask you something? "
Ulrich could not say n:o to that, of course, but as he had instinc- tively moved back a little, this rhetorical courtesy served to rope him. in again.
"I hope," Arnheim began, "that you will not hold our recent little difference of opinion against me but rather credit it to my keen inter- est in your views even when they seem-as they do often enough- to run counter to mine. So let me ask you whether you really ~eant what you said-to sum it up, if I may: that we must live with a tight rein on our conscience. Is this a good way of putting it? "
The smile Ulrich gave him in answer said: I don't know; let me wait and see what more you have to say.
"You spoke of having to leave life in a free-floating state, like a certain kind of metaphor that hovers inconclusively between two worlds at once, as it were, did you not? You also said some extremely fascinating things to your cousin. I would be mortified ifyou were to take me for . a Prussian industrial militarist who is unlikely to under- stand that sort of thing. But you say, for instance, that our reality and
our history arise only from those aspects of ourselves that don't mat- ter. I take this to mean that we must change the forms and patterns of what happens, and that it doesn't matter much, in your opinion, what happens m~anwhileto Tom, Dick, and Harry. "
"What I mean," Ulrich intetjected warily and reluctantly, "is that our reality is like a fabric being turned out by the thousands of bales, technically flawless in quality but in antiquated patterns no one both- ers to bring up-to-date. "
"In other words," Amheim broke in, "I understand you to say that the present state of the world, which is clearly unsatisfactory, arises from our leaders' concern with making world history instead of turn- ing all our energies to permeating the world of power with new ideas. An even closer analogy to our present state of affairs is the case of the manufacturer who keeps turning out goods in response to the mar- ket, instead of regulating it. So you see that your ideas touch me very closely. But just because of this you must see that these ideas at times strike me, a man continually engaged in making decisions that keep vast industries going, as positively monstrous! Such as when you de-. mand that we give up attaching any meaningful reality to our actions! Or propose that we abandon the 'provisionally definitive' character of our behavior, as our friend Leinsdorf so gracefully phrases it, when, in fact, we can do no such thing! "
"I demand nothing at all," Ulrich said.
"Oh, you demand a great deal more! You demand that we live our lives in a scientific, experimental way," Amheim said with energy and warmth. "You want responsible leaders to regard their job not as making history but as a mandate to draw up reports on experiments as a basis for further experiments. A perfectly delightful idea, of course. But how do wars and revolutions-for instance-fit in with that? Can you raise the dead when your experiment has been carried out and taken off the schedule? "
Ulrich now succumbed after all to the temptation to talk, which is not so very different from the temptation to go on smoking, and conceded that one probably had to tackle everything one wanted to do effectively with the utmost seriousness, even when one knew that in fifty years every experiment would tum out not to have been worthwhile. But such a "punctured seriousness" ~as nothing so very unusual, after all; people risked their lives every day in sport and for
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nothing at all. Psychologically, there was nothing impossible about a life conducted as an experiment; all that was needed was the deter- mination to assume a certain unlimited responsibility. "That's the crucial difference," he concluded. "In the old days, people felt as it were deductively, starting from certain assumptions. Those days are gone. Today we live without a guiding principle, but also without any method of conscious, inductive thinking; we simply go on trying this and that like a band of monkeys. "
"Splendid! " Amheim admitted freely. "But allow me one last question. Your cousin tells me that you're taking a great interest in the case of a dangerous psychopath. I happen to understand this very well, incidentally. We really don't know how to handle such cases, and society's method of dealing with them is disgracefully hit-or- miss. But in the circumstances-which leave us no choice but either to kill an 'innocent' man or to let him go on killing innocent people- would you let him escape the night before his execution, if you could? " .
"No! " Ulrich said.
"No? Really not? " Arnheim asked with sudden animation.
"I don't know. I don't think so. I might ofcourse talk myselfout of
it by claiming that in a malfunctioning world I have no right to act freely on my own personal convictions; but I shall simply admit that I don't know what I would do. "
"That man must surely be stopped from doing ft. uther harm," Am- heim said pensively. "And yet, when he is having one of his seizures, he is certainly a man possessed by the demonic, which in all virile epochs has been felt to be akin to the divine. In the old days such a man would have been sent into the wilderness. Even then he might have committed murder, but perhaps in a visionary state, like Abra- ham about to slaughter his son Isaac. There it is! We no longer have any idea of how to deal with such things, and there is no sincerity in what we do. "
Arnheim might have let himself be carried away in uttering these last words without quite knowing what he meant by them; his ambi- tion might have been spurred on by Ulrich's not mustering up enough "heart and rashness" to answer with an unqualified "yes". when asked whether he would save Moosbrugger. But although Ul- rich felt this tum of the conversation to be almost an omen, an unex-
pected reminder of his "resolve" at Count Leinsdorf's, he resented Amheim's flamboyance in making the most of the Moosbrugger problem, and both factors made him ask dryly, but intently: 'Would you set him free? "
"No," Amheim replied with a smile, "but I'd like to propose some- thing else.