142, note h, that sertation on Wisdom, being an invective against
work is assigned to the following Theodorus the saying Tevín oopinvērayev, published by
Prodromus.
work is assigned to the following Theodorus the saying Tevín oopinvērayev, published by
Prodromus.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - c
From a misunderstanding of the er.
his suspicious expressions. He, at all events, re- pressions in Photius, Salmasius was led into the
mained unmolested in the communion of the Church. error of supposing that Theodorus prepared another
After bis death, however, the Nestorians appealed Greek version of the Scriptures). 7. Theodorus
to his writings in confirmation of their opinions, was especially celebrated as a commentator on the
and at the fifth oecumenical council (A. D. 553) Scriptures. In this department he seems to have
Theodorus and his writings were condemned. He begun to exert his powers at a very early age.
found, however, many warm defenders, especially (Leontius, lib. 3. cont. Nest. et Eut. p. 696. )
Facundus. [FACUNDUS. ) Among those who most his expositions he aimed at educing the literal
bitterly assailed him and his writings were Leon. sense of passages, avoiding the allegorical interpre
tius, Cyril of Alexandria, Rabulas of Edessa, and tations of Origenes and his followers. He appears
others. His works were held in great repute to have written upon almost all the books of the
among the Syrian Churches, and many of them Bible, though he rejected the canonical authority
were translated into Syriac, Arabic, and Persian. of several (the Book of Job, the Canticles, the
His memory was revered among the Nestorians. Epistle of James the Second and Third Epistles
## p. 1055 (#1071) ##########################################
THEODORUS.
1055
THEODORUS.
2. A poem
of John, and the Epistle of Jude). Fragments of century. On entering upon the monastic life he
these commentaries are preserved in the Acta of received the name of Hilarion. He was held in
the fifth Council and elsewhere. His commentaries great repute by his contemporaries as a scholar and
on the Twelva Minor Prophets are said to be still philosopher, and received the appellation of Kupós
extant. Those on Jonah, Obadiah, Nahum, and (equivalent to kúpios in the Greek of the Middle
the prefaces to those on Amos, Zachariah, Haggai Ages). He wrote upon a variety of subjects,
and Hosea, were published by Angelo Mai (Script. philosophy, grammar, theology, history, and astro-
octerum nova Collect. vol. i. sect. ii. p. 41-104). nomy, and in particular was a somewhat prolific
The fragments of the commentary on Luke, pre- poet. Several of his compositions have come down
served in the Cutenae, were published by Münter to us, and some have been published. The following
(1788). Photius (Cod. 381) mentions Theodorus's are extant: 1. A metrical romance in nine books,
ερμηνεία της κτίσεως, fragments of which are on the loves of Rhodanthe and Dosicles. It is
extant. 8. A work on the Nicene creed is quoted written in iambic metre, and exhibits no great
in the Acta of the fifth council (Cullat. iv. p. 81). ability. The reader would look in vain for any
9. A treatise addressed to candidates for baptism thing like a natural progress in the action, or unity
(Ibid. ). 10. A confession of faith is extant (Act. in the characters. Not only are we introduced at
VI. Concil. Ephes, tom. i. p. 1515, ed. Hard. ) which once in medius res, but instead of narrating on
is by some ascribed to Theodorus, by others to suitable opportunities what had preceded, Dosicles
Nestorius. 11. A work against the allegorical is made to tell what hnd gone before, beginning at
interpretation of Scripture is mentioned by Ebed the end, and interweaving the preceding parts of
Jesu and Facundus (ii. 6). 12. Theodorus also the narrative into his story. There is only one
compiled a liturgy, which was adopted by the edition of this poem, by Gilb. Gaulmin. (Paris,
Nestorians. 13. A few other treatises are men-1625. ) Poor as the poem is, however, it found an
tioned by Ebed Jesi (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. x. imitator. There is extant an iambic poem, also in
p. 346, &c. ; Neander, Allgemeine Geschichte der nine books, on the loves of Drosilla and Charicles,
Christlichen Religion und Kirche, vol. ii. Abt. ii. by Nicetas Eugenianus, which has been erroneously
and iii. )
ascribed to Theodorus Prodromus.
57. NEOCAESARIENSIS. (GREGORIUS THAUMA- entitled Galeomyomachia, in iambic verse, on * the
TURGUS. )
battle of the mice and cat," in imitation of the
58. Son of THEODORUS, bishop of Jerusalem, Homeric Batrachomyomachia Victory declares
was pope from Nov. 3, A. D. 642, to April 20, itself on the side of the mice, the cat being killed
A. D. 649. There is still extant a letter addressed by the fall of a beam. This piece is often appended
by him to Paulus, Patriarch of Constantinople, in to the editions of Aesop and Babrius. It has also
the matter of one Pyrrhus, a Monothelite ; and been edited by K. D. Ilgen, in connection with
likewise a letter addressed to the bishops who con- the Homeric bymns. (Halle, 1796. ) 3. 'H ámódnuos
secrated Paulus. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. x. p. 427, pila, a poem in iambic senarii
. Friendship relates
vol. xii. p. 707).
how Human Life, to whom she had been married,
59. PATRIARCHA. (No. 26. ]
had repudiated her by the advice of his slave Folly,
60. Of PERINTAUS. [No. 42. ]
and given his hand to Enmity. After a long con.
61. Bishop of Petra in Galilee, flourished in versation, depicting the operation of Friendship in
the sixth century, and was the author of a life of the world, the upshot is that Friendship marries
the archimandrite Theodosius, whose disciple he the stranger to whom her narrative is addressed.
His Canonicon also is quoted by Nic. Com. This dialogue, with the translation of Conrad
nenus. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. x. pp. 337, 428. ) Gesner, has frequently been appended to the
62. PHARANITES, bishop of Pharan, belonged editions of Stobaeus. A separate edition was pub-
to the Monothelite party. He was one of those lished by J. F. Morel. (Paris, 1549. ) It is also
condemned by the sixth oecumenical council, held edited by Honter and Guntius in the collection of
at Constantinople. We find ascribed to him a the epigrams of Theodorus (Basel, 1536), and
treatise περί ουσίας και φύσεως, υποστάσεώς τε και by J. Erard, with some other small poems by the
προσώπου, και λόγος προς Σέργιον, and another | same author. (Leipzig, 1598. ) 4. A poem of
els càs èpunvelas Tv Tarpikcôn xphoewv, some above 1000 lines, divided into two books, in
fragments of which remain. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. which Theodorus complains to the emperor Manuel
vol. x. p. 428. )
Comnenus (who reigned from 1143 to 1180) of
63. PRODROMUS. There were two of this name. his extreme poverty, and begs him to withdraw
1. A writer on canonical law, whose frymous of him from the misery which he had to endure in
the canons of the councils is repeatedly quoted by his convent, while those placed over him indulged
Nic. Comnenus and others. Nothing is known of in debaucheries. About forty lines at the be-
his personal history, but that he seems to have ginning and end of each book are written in old
lived a long time before Balsamo. (Fabric. Bibl. Greek, the remainder in a dialect resembling the
Graec. vol. x. p. 428, vol. xii. p. 206. ) There is some modern Greek. The poem has been published by
confusion in the notices contained in Fabricius. In Koray, in the first volume of the Atakta (Paris,
vol. x. p. 429, and vol. xii. p. 206, he speaks of 1828). 5. 'Auápavtos, 8 répovtos épwtes, a dia-
this Prodromus as TOY TÔ iepô Kavóvwv TPWTOV logue in prose, published by Gaulmin, together
ca nuiothv, and as the author of an exposition of with No. 1, and also by De la Porte du Theil
the canones or hymns appropriated to the dominical (Notices et Extraits
, vol. viii. 1810). 6. A Dis-
festivals ; while in vol. viii. p.
142, note h, that sertation on Wisdom, being an invective against
work is assigned to the following Theodorus the saying Tevín oopinvērayev, published by
Prodromus.
F. Morell. (Paris, 1608. ) 7. Epigrammata, de-
64. PRODROMUS (2), or, as he is sometimes scribed more fully as Tetpáotixa laubeia nal npwa
called in the MSS. , Theodorus Ptochoprodromus, a eis tà kepalawdws ondevta èv tî ypaoſ, consisting
monk who lived in the first half of the twelfth of poetical summaries of the subject matter of the
was,
## p. 1056 (#1072) ##########################################
1056
THEODORUS.
THEODORUS.
a
* P
books of the Pentateuch, Joshua, Judges, the four Manes, Paul of Samosata, Apollinarius, Theodorus
books of Kings, the four Gospels, and the Acts of of Mopsuestia, Nestorius, and Eutyches. Combéfis
the Apostles. Published, first, at Basel (1536), considers Theodorus of Rhaithu to be the same
and afterwards at Angers (Juliomagi, 1632). 8. with the monk Theodorus, to whose inquiries
Τετράστιχα ιαμβεια και ηρώα είς τα κεφαλαιωδώς Maximus tlie Confessor wrote a reply. (arine
ρηθέντα εν τω βίω Γρηγορίου του θεολόγου, του | opp. vol. ii. p. 151). It is also doubtful whether
μεγάλου Βασιλείου και του αγίου Χρυσοστόμου. | Theodorus of Rhaithu was identical or not with
9. Ipoo pwyntikol, elegiac verses, in which he the Theodorus Presbyter, whose treatise to prove
addresses the Apostle Paul, Gregorius Theologus, the genuineness of the writings attributed to Dio-
Basil, Chrysostom, Gregorius of Nyssa, and Nico- nysius the Areopagite, is mentioned by Photius
laus. 10. 'láubol oxethaotikol eis tūv apóvolav; (Cod. 1). The treatise of Theodorus on the In-
a poem on Providence. 11. An iambic poem carnation was first published in the Latin trans-
against a man of the name of Barys, who had lation of Godfr. Tilmann (Paris, 1566). It was
attempted to brand him as a heretic. 12. Eis first published in Greck by Thcodorus Beza, in
cikovionevov TÛ Blw (In imagincm citae); some 1576. The best edition is that by Carpzov (Helms.
verses of a political kind. 13. Novbetiko katà stad. 1779-80). Three of the smaller works of
plovoúvtwv (iambi ad Invidos). 14. Some iambics Theodorns Abucara hare by some been errone-
without any heading (in hortum). The poems ously attributed to Theodorus of Rhaithu. (Fabric.
numbered 7-12 were published by Honter and Bill. Gracc. vol. x. p. 430; Cave, Hist. Litt. SS.
Guntius (Basil. 1536) and by Erard (Lips. 1598). Eccles. vol. i. p. 587. )
15. Epistles, published in a miscellaneous collection 66. Of SAMOTHRACE, a writer from whom Pto-
by P. Lazeri (Romc 1754). 16. A piece consisting lemaeus Hephaestion quotes the statement that
of 102 senarii Katà oilofopvov ypaós, erroneously Jupiter, after his birth, laughed for seven days con-
ascribed by Birger Thorlacius to Manuel Philes, tinuously, and that hence seven came to be regarded
and published by him in Manueli Philae duo car- as a perfect number. It is perhaps this Theodorus
mina anecdota (Copenhagen, 1813), and Opuscula who is quoted by the scholiast on A pollonius
Academica, vol. iii. p. 65. (ibid. 1815. ) 17. 'EEń- Rhodius (iv. 264). Comp. Vossius, de Hist. Gracc.
mois, or Exposition of the Canones or Hymns p. 503.
appropriated to the Dominical festivals. 18. An 67. SANTABARENUS, the contemporary and
epitome of the commentaries of Theodoretus on the friend of Photius. For some account of him the
Psalms. 19. De Processione Spiritus sancti. 20. reader is referred to the article Photius. (Vol. 111.
A lexicon, a treatise on the grammar of Moscho- p. 350. ] This Theodorus was also noted as a
pulus, and some other grammatical notes and composer of hymns.
treatises (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vi. p. 330). 21. An 68. Bishop of SCYTHOPOLIS, the author of a
astronomical poem, addressed to the Sebastocrato- treatise against Origenes, presented to the emperor
rissa Irene, 22. A poem of 128 hexameters, Justinian. This treatise was published by Nont-
addressed to the emperor Joannes Comnenus, on fancon. (Catal. Bibl. Coislinianae, p. 94–96.
the conquest of Kastamon (Germanicopolis) in Paris, 1715. )
Paphlagonia. 23. One hundred and eighteen hex- 69. STUDITA, abhot of the monastery of Stu-
ameters, in which he sues for the favour of Anna dium, was born at Constantinople in A. D. 759.
Comnena (the wife of Nicephorus Bryennius). In 781 he entered the monastery of Sacudium,
24. A poem consisting of 100 lines Karà uakpo which was presided over by his uncle Plato; and
γενείου δοκούντος είναι διά τούτο σοφού. 25. A on the resignation of the latter, succeeded him in
description of the entry of Joannes Comnenus into 794. Theodorus was one of the most vehement
Constantinople after the conquest of Kastamon, in opposers of the Iconoclasts, and his zeal procured
230 heroic verses. 26. A poem of 296 hexameters, him considerable reputation, especially with the
addressed to Joannes Comnenus, on the reconquest monks. In 795, when the emperor Constantinus
of Kastamon, and the occupation of Gaugra. 27. A married Theodote, Theodorus took upon himself
piece consisting of 50 hexameters, in which Theo- to anathematize that emperor, and to denounce
dorus, on his departure from Constantinople, com- the patriarch Tarasius, and in the following year
plains of having met with no reward for his labours. was scourged and banished to Thessalonica. On
(Nos. 20—26 are not mentioned by Fabricius. the death of the emperor in 797, Theodorus was
They exist in MS. at Paris. See La Porte du Theil, brought back to Constantinople with great pomp,
Notices et Extraits des MSS. de la Bibl. &c. vol. and was regarded with great favour by Irene, to
viii. pt. ii. ) 28. In posteriora Analytica Aristotelis, whom he offered the most abject flattery. In the
and depl ŁALÕEIKTIKWv. 29. De pauco et multo, following year, in consequence of the incursions of
magno et parvo, quod non sint relativa sed contraria. the Saracens, he removed to the monastery of Stu-
30. Various essays on matters of theology and dium, within the city. In 806, when Nicephorus
ecclesiastical discipline. (Fabricius, l. c. ; Schöll, was made patriarch, and the abbot Josephus, who
Geschichte der Griech. Litteratur, vol. iii. p. 81, had sanctioned the marriage of Constantinus, was
&c. )
restored to the communion of the Church by a
65. Rhaithuexsis, lived in the middle of the council held at Constantinople, the wrath of Theo.
seventh century in the monastery of Rhaithu, dorus was again excited, and he refused all com-
near Elim, in Palestine. He was the author of a munion with the patriarch. He was joined in his
work on the incarnation of Christ, entitled, Ipo- violent proceedings by a large number of monks,
παρασκευή της και γυμνασία των βουλομένω μαθείν | and, when reproved by the Pope Leo, replied in
τίς ο τρόπος της θείας ενανθρωπήσεως και οικονο- an insolent and angry tone. These proceedings
uías, ka@8v hét partai kal tiva tà apòs tous led to his being again banished in 809, together
ταύτην μη ορθώς νοούντας λεγόμενα παρά των with his brother Josephus and the abbot Plato, to
της εκκλησίας τροφίμων, the object of which was an island near Byzantium. In 8ll, on making
to defend the orthodox view against the heresies of his submission to Nicephorus, he was set at liberty
.
## p. 1057 (#1073) ##########################################
TIIEODORUS:
1057
THEODORUS.
In one
by Michael Rhangabe. Two years afterwards, translation of J. Gretser, in the work of the latter
when the emperor Leo the Armenian issued an De Cruce (vol. ii. p. 287). There is also a Latin
edict agninst the worsliip of images, Theodorus, translation in the Bibliotheca Putrum (vol. xiv. p.
backed by a considerable number of monks, set 900). ' 13. Karwv els any otaupot puokúvnoiv, a
the edict at defiance, openly celebrnted processions hymn on the adoration of the cross, published by
of images, and incited the people to sedition. He Gretser (ibid. vol. iii. p. 487). 14. Kavwr yaró
was at first placed in gentle confinement; but as μενος εις την αναστήλωσιν των αγίων εικόνων,
he did not cease to send out encyclical letters published in Greek and Latin by Baronius (Annul.
against the emperor, he was subsequently removed a. 842) and in Latin in the Bill. Putrum (Lugd.
to various prisons, and at length taken to Smyrna, vol. xiv, p. 898). It is questionable, however,
and there closely confined. In 821 he was set at whether this composition is authentic, as it indi-
liberty by the emperor Michael Balbus, and re- cates a much more peaceable recognition of the
sumed his post at the head of his monastery. His adortion of images than was the case in the tinie
imprisonments had not tanght him moderation. of Thcodorus. It has been supposed therefore that
llis furious zeal for image worship soon broke out it is the composition of a Theodorus of later date.
again. In 824, indignant that the emperor would 15. 'H mixpà deyouévn Kathxnoris, A Latin version
not take strong measures against the Iconoclnsts, of this will be found in the Bill. Patr. (Colon. vol.
he favoured the machinations of Thomas against ix. , Paris, vol. ii.
his suspicious expressions. He, at all events, re- pressions in Photius, Salmasius was led into the
mained unmolested in the communion of the Church. error of supposing that Theodorus prepared another
After bis death, however, the Nestorians appealed Greek version of the Scriptures). 7. Theodorus
to his writings in confirmation of their opinions, was especially celebrated as a commentator on the
and at the fifth oecumenical council (A. D. 553) Scriptures. In this department he seems to have
Theodorus and his writings were condemned. He begun to exert his powers at a very early age.
found, however, many warm defenders, especially (Leontius, lib. 3. cont. Nest. et Eut. p. 696. )
Facundus. [FACUNDUS. ) Among those who most his expositions he aimed at educing the literal
bitterly assailed him and his writings were Leon. sense of passages, avoiding the allegorical interpre
tius, Cyril of Alexandria, Rabulas of Edessa, and tations of Origenes and his followers. He appears
others. His works were held in great repute to have written upon almost all the books of the
among the Syrian Churches, and many of them Bible, though he rejected the canonical authority
were translated into Syriac, Arabic, and Persian. of several (the Book of Job, the Canticles, the
His memory was revered among the Nestorians. Epistle of James the Second and Third Epistles
## p. 1055 (#1071) ##########################################
THEODORUS.
1055
THEODORUS.
2. A poem
of John, and the Epistle of Jude). Fragments of century. On entering upon the monastic life he
these commentaries are preserved in the Acta of received the name of Hilarion. He was held in
the fifth Council and elsewhere. His commentaries great repute by his contemporaries as a scholar and
on the Twelva Minor Prophets are said to be still philosopher, and received the appellation of Kupós
extant. Those on Jonah, Obadiah, Nahum, and (equivalent to kúpios in the Greek of the Middle
the prefaces to those on Amos, Zachariah, Haggai Ages). He wrote upon a variety of subjects,
and Hosea, were published by Angelo Mai (Script. philosophy, grammar, theology, history, and astro-
octerum nova Collect. vol. i. sect. ii. p. 41-104). nomy, and in particular was a somewhat prolific
The fragments of the commentary on Luke, pre- poet. Several of his compositions have come down
served in the Cutenae, were published by Münter to us, and some have been published. The following
(1788). Photius (Cod. 381) mentions Theodorus's are extant: 1. A metrical romance in nine books,
ερμηνεία της κτίσεως, fragments of which are on the loves of Rhodanthe and Dosicles. It is
extant. 8. A work on the Nicene creed is quoted written in iambic metre, and exhibits no great
in the Acta of the fifth council (Cullat. iv. p. 81). ability. The reader would look in vain for any
9. A treatise addressed to candidates for baptism thing like a natural progress in the action, or unity
(Ibid. ). 10. A confession of faith is extant (Act. in the characters. Not only are we introduced at
VI. Concil. Ephes, tom. i. p. 1515, ed. Hard. ) which once in medius res, but instead of narrating on
is by some ascribed to Theodorus, by others to suitable opportunities what had preceded, Dosicles
Nestorius. 11. A work against the allegorical is made to tell what hnd gone before, beginning at
interpretation of Scripture is mentioned by Ebed the end, and interweaving the preceding parts of
Jesu and Facundus (ii. 6). 12. Theodorus also the narrative into his story. There is only one
compiled a liturgy, which was adopted by the edition of this poem, by Gilb. Gaulmin. (Paris,
Nestorians. 13. A few other treatises are men-1625. ) Poor as the poem is, however, it found an
tioned by Ebed Jesi (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. x. imitator. There is extant an iambic poem, also in
p. 346, &c. ; Neander, Allgemeine Geschichte der nine books, on the loves of Drosilla and Charicles,
Christlichen Religion und Kirche, vol. ii. Abt. ii. by Nicetas Eugenianus, which has been erroneously
and iii. )
ascribed to Theodorus Prodromus.
57. NEOCAESARIENSIS. (GREGORIUS THAUMA- entitled Galeomyomachia, in iambic verse, on * the
TURGUS. )
battle of the mice and cat," in imitation of the
58. Son of THEODORUS, bishop of Jerusalem, Homeric Batrachomyomachia Victory declares
was pope from Nov. 3, A. D. 642, to April 20, itself on the side of the mice, the cat being killed
A. D. 649. There is still extant a letter addressed by the fall of a beam. This piece is often appended
by him to Paulus, Patriarch of Constantinople, in to the editions of Aesop and Babrius. It has also
the matter of one Pyrrhus, a Monothelite ; and been edited by K. D. Ilgen, in connection with
likewise a letter addressed to the bishops who con- the Homeric bymns. (Halle, 1796. ) 3. 'H ámódnuos
secrated Paulus. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. x. p. 427, pila, a poem in iambic senarii
. Friendship relates
vol. xii. p. 707).
how Human Life, to whom she had been married,
59. PATRIARCHA. (No. 26. ]
had repudiated her by the advice of his slave Folly,
60. Of PERINTAUS. [No. 42. ]
and given his hand to Enmity. After a long con.
61. Bishop of Petra in Galilee, flourished in versation, depicting the operation of Friendship in
the sixth century, and was the author of a life of the world, the upshot is that Friendship marries
the archimandrite Theodosius, whose disciple he the stranger to whom her narrative is addressed.
His Canonicon also is quoted by Nic. Com. This dialogue, with the translation of Conrad
nenus. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. x. pp. 337, 428. ) Gesner, has frequently been appended to the
62. PHARANITES, bishop of Pharan, belonged editions of Stobaeus. A separate edition was pub-
to the Monothelite party. He was one of those lished by J. F. Morel. (Paris, 1549. ) It is also
condemned by the sixth oecumenical council, held edited by Honter and Guntius in the collection of
at Constantinople. We find ascribed to him a the epigrams of Theodorus (Basel, 1536), and
treatise περί ουσίας και φύσεως, υποστάσεώς τε και by J. Erard, with some other small poems by the
προσώπου, και λόγος προς Σέργιον, and another | same author. (Leipzig, 1598. ) 4. A poem of
els càs èpunvelas Tv Tarpikcôn xphoewv, some above 1000 lines, divided into two books, in
fragments of which remain. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. which Theodorus complains to the emperor Manuel
vol. x. p. 428. )
Comnenus (who reigned from 1143 to 1180) of
63. PRODROMUS. There were two of this name. his extreme poverty, and begs him to withdraw
1. A writer on canonical law, whose frymous of him from the misery which he had to endure in
the canons of the councils is repeatedly quoted by his convent, while those placed over him indulged
Nic. Comnenus and others. Nothing is known of in debaucheries. About forty lines at the be-
his personal history, but that he seems to have ginning and end of each book are written in old
lived a long time before Balsamo. (Fabric. Bibl. Greek, the remainder in a dialect resembling the
Graec. vol. x. p. 428, vol. xii. p. 206. ) There is some modern Greek. The poem has been published by
confusion in the notices contained in Fabricius. In Koray, in the first volume of the Atakta (Paris,
vol. x. p. 429, and vol. xii. p. 206, he speaks of 1828). 5. 'Auápavtos, 8 répovtos épwtes, a dia-
this Prodromus as TOY TÔ iepô Kavóvwv TPWTOV logue in prose, published by Gaulmin, together
ca nuiothv, and as the author of an exposition of with No. 1, and also by De la Porte du Theil
the canones or hymns appropriated to the dominical (Notices et Extraits
, vol. viii. 1810). 6. A Dis-
festivals ; while in vol. viii. p.
142, note h, that sertation on Wisdom, being an invective against
work is assigned to the following Theodorus the saying Tevín oopinvērayev, published by
Prodromus.
F. Morell. (Paris, 1608. ) 7. Epigrammata, de-
64. PRODROMUS (2), or, as he is sometimes scribed more fully as Tetpáotixa laubeia nal npwa
called in the MSS. , Theodorus Ptochoprodromus, a eis tà kepalawdws ondevta èv tî ypaoſ, consisting
monk who lived in the first half of the twelfth of poetical summaries of the subject matter of the
was,
## p. 1056 (#1072) ##########################################
1056
THEODORUS.
THEODORUS.
a
* P
books of the Pentateuch, Joshua, Judges, the four Manes, Paul of Samosata, Apollinarius, Theodorus
books of Kings, the four Gospels, and the Acts of of Mopsuestia, Nestorius, and Eutyches. Combéfis
the Apostles. Published, first, at Basel (1536), considers Theodorus of Rhaithu to be the same
and afterwards at Angers (Juliomagi, 1632). 8. with the monk Theodorus, to whose inquiries
Τετράστιχα ιαμβεια και ηρώα είς τα κεφαλαιωδώς Maximus tlie Confessor wrote a reply. (arine
ρηθέντα εν τω βίω Γρηγορίου του θεολόγου, του | opp. vol. ii. p. 151). It is also doubtful whether
μεγάλου Βασιλείου και του αγίου Χρυσοστόμου. | Theodorus of Rhaithu was identical or not with
9. Ipoo pwyntikol, elegiac verses, in which he the Theodorus Presbyter, whose treatise to prove
addresses the Apostle Paul, Gregorius Theologus, the genuineness of the writings attributed to Dio-
Basil, Chrysostom, Gregorius of Nyssa, and Nico- nysius the Areopagite, is mentioned by Photius
laus. 10. 'láubol oxethaotikol eis tūv apóvolav; (Cod. 1). The treatise of Theodorus on the In-
a poem on Providence. 11. An iambic poem carnation was first published in the Latin trans-
against a man of the name of Barys, who had lation of Godfr. Tilmann (Paris, 1566). It was
attempted to brand him as a heretic. 12. Eis first published in Greck by Thcodorus Beza, in
cikovionevov TÛ Blw (In imagincm citae); some 1576. The best edition is that by Carpzov (Helms.
verses of a political kind. 13. Novbetiko katà stad. 1779-80). Three of the smaller works of
plovoúvtwv (iambi ad Invidos). 14. Some iambics Theodorns Abucara hare by some been errone-
without any heading (in hortum). The poems ously attributed to Theodorus of Rhaithu. (Fabric.
numbered 7-12 were published by Honter and Bill. Gracc. vol. x. p. 430; Cave, Hist. Litt. SS.
Guntius (Basil. 1536) and by Erard (Lips. 1598). Eccles. vol. i. p. 587. )
15. Epistles, published in a miscellaneous collection 66. Of SAMOTHRACE, a writer from whom Pto-
by P. Lazeri (Romc 1754). 16. A piece consisting lemaeus Hephaestion quotes the statement that
of 102 senarii Katà oilofopvov ypaós, erroneously Jupiter, after his birth, laughed for seven days con-
ascribed by Birger Thorlacius to Manuel Philes, tinuously, and that hence seven came to be regarded
and published by him in Manueli Philae duo car- as a perfect number. It is perhaps this Theodorus
mina anecdota (Copenhagen, 1813), and Opuscula who is quoted by the scholiast on A pollonius
Academica, vol. iii. p. 65. (ibid. 1815. ) 17. 'EEń- Rhodius (iv. 264). Comp. Vossius, de Hist. Gracc.
mois, or Exposition of the Canones or Hymns p. 503.
appropriated to the Dominical festivals. 18. An 67. SANTABARENUS, the contemporary and
epitome of the commentaries of Theodoretus on the friend of Photius. For some account of him the
Psalms. 19. De Processione Spiritus sancti. 20. reader is referred to the article Photius. (Vol. 111.
A lexicon, a treatise on the grammar of Moscho- p. 350. ] This Theodorus was also noted as a
pulus, and some other grammatical notes and composer of hymns.
treatises (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vi. p. 330). 21. An 68. Bishop of SCYTHOPOLIS, the author of a
astronomical poem, addressed to the Sebastocrato- treatise against Origenes, presented to the emperor
rissa Irene, 22. A poem of 128 hexameters, Justinian. This treatise was published by Nont-
addressed to the emperor Joannes Comnenus, on fancon. (Catal. Bibl. Coislinianae, p. 94–96.
the conquest of Kastamon (Germanicopolis) in Paris, 1715. )
Paphlagonia. 23. One hundred and eighteen hex- 69. STUDITA, abhot of the monastery of Stu-
ameters, in which he sues for the favour of Anna dium, was born at Constantinople in A. D. 759.
Comnena (the wife of Nicephorus Bryennius). In 781 he entered the monastery of Sacudium,
24. A poem consisting of 100 lines Karà uakpo which was presided over by his uncle Plato; and
γενείου δοκούντος είναι διά τούτο σοφού. 25. A on the resignation of the latter, succeeded him in
description of the entry of Joannes Comnenus into 794. Theodorus was one of the most vehement
Constantinople after the conquest of Kastamon, in opposers of the Iconoclasts, and his zeal procured
230 heroic verses. 26. A poem of 296 hexameters, him considerable reputation, especially with the
addressed to Joannes Comnenus, on the reconquest monks. In 795, when the emperor Constantinus
of Kastamon, and the occupation of Gaugra. 27. A married Theodote, Theodorus took upon himself
piece consisting of 50 hexameters, in which Theo- to anathematize that emperor, and to denounce
dorus, on his departure from Constantinople, com- the patriarch Tarasius, and in the following year
plains of having met with no reward for his labours. was scourged and banished to Thessalonica. On
(Nos. 20—26 are not mentioned by Fabricius. the death of the emperor in 797, Theodorus was
They exist in MS. at Paris. See La Porte du Theil, brought back to Constantinople with great pomp,
Notices et Extraits des MSS. de la Bibl. &c. vol. and was regarded with great favour by Irene, to
viii. pt. ii. ) 28. In posteriora Analytica Aristotelis, whom he offered the most abject flattery. In the
and depl ŁALÕEIKTIKWv. 29. De pauco et multo, following year, in consequence of the incursions of
magno et parvo, quod non sint relativa sed contraria. the Saracens, he removed to the monastery of Stu-
30. Various essays on matters of theology and dium, within the city. In 806, when Nicephorus
ecclesiastical discipline. (Fabricius, l. c. ; Schöll, was made patriarch, and the abbot Josephus, who
Geschichte der Griech. Litteratur, vol. iii. p. 81, had sanctioned the marriage of Constantinus, was
&c. )
restored to the communion of the Church by a
65. Rhaithuexsis, lived in the middle of the council held at Constantinople, the wrath of Theo.
seventh century in the monastery of Rhaithu, dorus was again excited, and he refused all com-
near Elim, in Palestine. He was the author of a munion with the patriarch. He was joined in his
work on the incarnation of Christ, entitled, Ipo- violent proceedings by a large number of monks,
παρασκευή της και γυμνασία των βουλομένω μαθείν | and, when reproved by the Pope Leo, replied in
τίς ο τρόπος της θείας ενανθρωπήσεως και οικονο- an insolent and angry tone. These proceedings
uías, ka@8v hét partai kal tiva tà apòs tous led to his being again banished in 809, together
ταύτην μη ορθώς νοούντας λεγόμενα παρά των with his brother Josephus and the abbot Plato, to
της εκκλησίας τροφίμων, the object of which was an island near Byzantium. In 8ll, on making
to defend the orthodox view against the heresies of his submission to Nicephorus, he was set at liberty
.
## p. 1057 (#1073) ##########################################
TIIEODORUS:
1057
THEODORUS.
In one
by Michael Rhangabe. Two years afterwards, translation of J. Gretser, in the work of the latter
when the emperor Leo the Armenian issued an De Cruce (vol. ii. p. 287). There is also a Latin
edict agninst the worsliip of images, Theodorus, translation in the Bibliotheca Putrum (vol. xiv. p.
backed by a considerable number of monks, set 900). ' 13. Karwv els any otaupot puokúvnoiv, a
the edict at defiance, openly celebrnted processions hymn on the adoration of the cross, published by
of images, and incited the people to sedition. He Gretser (ibid. vol. iii. p. 487). 14. Kavwr yaró
was at first placed in gentle confinement; but as μενος εις την αναστήλωσιν των αγίων εικόνων,
he did not cease to send out encyclical letters published in Greek and Latin by Baronius (Annul.
against the emperor, he was subsequently removed a. 842) and in Latin in the Bill. Putrum (Lugd.
to various prisons, and at length taken to Smyrna, vol. xiv, p. 898). It is questionable, however,
and there closely confined. In 821 he was set at whether this composition is authentic, as it indi-
liberty by the emperor Michael Balbus, and re- cates a much more peaceable recognition of the
sumed his post at the head of his monastery. His adortion of images than was the case in the tinie
imprisonments had not tanght him moderation. of Thcodorus. It has been supposed therefore that
llis furious zeal for image worship soon broke out it is the composition of a Theodorus of later date.
again. In 824, indignant that the emperor would 15. 'H mixpà deyouévn Kathxnoris, A Latin version
not take strong measures against the Iconoclnsts, of this will be found in the Bill. Patr. (Colon. vol.
he favoured the machinations of Thomas against ix. , Paris, vol. ii.
