Thus Earwickcr, in the
mythical
context of the .
Hart-Clive-1962-Structure-and-Motif-in-Finnegans-Wake
Psu Stephen, hnlding 'to the nnw, the here' '" he mUO(:, on man', ,piritual continuity, calb the fut~ 'Ihe sil ler of the P"'{' (U ,63), Earwiek<:r i> dreaming b a d into hit
much glorified past, ,tacting with his prel"nt deathlik "ale (iO,~) and working back to hi> hinh: 'Yet they wend il back, qual hi, leif' (sSo,13), In following h;, career back to iu origins in h;, incarnation", the Son, Earwick<:r ;, engaged in the Yeat$ian proces,,,, of Dreami. , B",k, Return, and T/tt Shifting, (293,03,295. 10,295,'5, 5? O. O. j,) which in A V'u,;,n are ,aid to follow immediately on death, preceding the desired . pirilUai 'Marriage' wilh the Ddty and allowing the "lui to Ira"" it.
progrt. :$, in the rev""", direction, right ba<:k to birth' :
'In the Drt~ming BIUt the Spirit;' compelled to live over and over again the evenU that had most moved it; there can be
nothing new, but the old events . tand furth in a light which i. dim or bright according to the intemity Qf the pa$si. on that accompanied them . ? . After its imprironment by oome event
in the Drwming BlUk, the Spi. il relives that evenl in the Rtlu,n and tufm it into knowledge, and then falls inlo the D,,~ming BlUk once more. The Spirit find, the concrete events in the PassioMk Body but the na:rnes and words of the drama it mwt obtain, the Fa. . . ltiu having gone when tbe H",k and PlUno""k Body disappMred, from lOme incarnale Mind, and Ihi. it ;, able to do becaUle all spirits inhabit our consciomness, or, "" Swedenbo'1l said, arc the J)ramati. Penonae of our dreams . . . The mOl'1O complete the Drwming Bad: the more complete the Return and the mOT<: bappy or fortunale the n a t incarnation. After ~aeh event of tIu: D""ming Bl1tk the Spinl explo= not
merely tJu: eauSCI but the cotUt:quences ofthat event. . . [And, in tJu: Siliftings:] ? . . In '0 far ru tbe man did good without
, ,t y;,. "" pp. ~o&-so.
9'
? The Drram-StrnctUTt
knowing evil, hi. nature is reversed until tho. t knowledge is obtained. Th. Spirit live! ! . . . "The bCJ! t Jl""5ible Life in the won! possible ,urrounding. " or the contrary of this; yet there is n n ,uffering: " For in a , tate of ~uilibrium there is neither emotion nnr oemation" '.
T h . Slot/elm! Ki f ' reIerena: to the con! ,. ,. . ! between Earwicl. cr', failure, and Shaun'. 'uc~ is illuminated by the Shijlingr, while the oscillations betwrcn famMY and narurali,m in Book
III find a rationalisation in tho: cyek, of Dreami~g lJ(J(;k and &turn. The whole of Book TIl, including the ""gr= in H1. 4
when Shaun begins his own epic. yelic Dr. -ing R(J(;k, is thm, in thoe ~rm" a my$tical pilgrimage of Earwi~ker'? ? pirit, . ed:ing ,alvation through Jdf. knowlrdge, working ba<:k tow:>. ro an "". mun! of his own gene';".
J "yee mak. ,. this DrMmu. , Back function at the universal", well a$ the personal level, 10 that the history of mankind is traced back to the Flood by the end ofIlI. 4 (s89-90). (I have already notrd that in thischap~r the Earwicun ,eem to belong to a past generation. ') The idea of a\lnwing the ! ",ychie
proc= to upand in this way to the racial levd scnru to have had its origin in a brief but in~fC! lting no~ in the Large
Notebook' :
'dream thoughts are ",-au thoughts of a:nturie! ! ago: uncon? sciom memory: great "",urrenee: race memori. . '
The first part of the no~ h"" been =red through by Joye<:, which usually indica! ", that the ma~rial 10 markrd ha, bc<:n
used 10mewhere in FiMtgmu W. . ke.
Such a nest of drcaJrul within drums as I have been de?
scribing might of course go on for ever, like the infinite rcgl"CSl of time? planes inJ. W. Dunne', Tiu Strid Universe,' and there is no doubt mar<: than a hint of oo:mrie aolipmrn about this conca~nation of dream. personages, all evolved from a lingle
, s. . obove. p . 8).
I h, tho: . . ","'" ""';~"" 'i'ky! t. . n<! a. . . . . . ylod~? ; ,. . obov<, p. ~? .
? "Ine""""""Ptof,,,,,",. . . 1wUv"",,," 0cow'''''''~. . ,meinF;""p'" W. . t. : ' . . . oob. ")'lI' omio<d, OO? ioI,,,,,,,,,<olly, in ? "'","e on~ more olm;gnt;! y nponding un;""",,' (063,'4); '",rial <I. ". ,. . . . of fai" women' (53'. 33); '" _ ,8. . "" 1. 8. 10, 3'0. 33, ,". 00, ~? . ,. .
? T! u Dream-Structure
mind. It Ke"'" to have been j oyu'. main PIUJ'OK, h. )wever, tQ usc the dream_sequences all a further illustration of the Viconian th=-part cycle, thio time arrnnged 00 . . . . . teo be everywhere e>ut of Itep with the principal cycle corui. <ting ofBooko r, II, and III. Th. . . , after the 'Tiers, tiers and tiers' ofdream. in thue thre<: 8001<0, we return ('Rounds'), "" always in Book IV, In the first level (59". 30). The Dreamer i. < of COune . till ""Ieep, but Ear- wicker's fantastic dream-night i. over: 'Guld modning'. Hio twenty_four h. )ur cycle i, alIDOllI complete and in hi. '! company we have progr=cd from 'wan warning' (6. 01) to another; dawn break! on a new day. j Ullt . . . . . the Providence of Vico'. >iamb leads to yel another rcMatemenl of history, 50 the fourth drcam-cycle, which has a},. . ,ady brought ill back to the first dream. level of Book I, reintroduces the Golden Age which makes CrClh hope possible.
Ac<:ording 10 the molecular principle on which FiMlgaru W. . . tt i. '! built, each minor cycle mu. t in 50me way reflect thili
major wcccosion of dream-<:ycl. . . . There an:, in fact, . uhlidiary dream_levels within the four-chapter cyclC$, and even within individual chapten. T he fourth chapter of each minor eycle i. a dream-<:reation of oomeone who fall, a,leep in the prec. :ding chapler.
Thus Earwickcr, in the mythical context of the . tories told of him in 'h;,' cycle, ' . 1- 4, sleep. after the end of 1. 3, tirea"", ofhirruelf "" Shaun (or King) dnring r4, (15. 05, 19. ~8, 81. 16,89. 03), and 00 relive! hi, trial before the public; Shcm hands over 10 hi. < dream-<:reature Anna Livia in 1. 8; Earwicl<er dream. alII. . . , ShaUll at III. . , and 50 on in cydes ofdiminiah- illg scope.
In figure 1I, following, I have attempted to reconatruct IUch a ! Chematic diagram as j oyce mighl have used in marking out ru. . dream-oeyd. . . The figure ;, an endleu line beginning al 'riverrun' near thc top, completing One cycle (I- II. 3), then making a gliding 1ramitinn (II. 4) to the next level (III. I-3),
following th;, by a ludden drop to the third level, and ju. t as ,uddenly moving back to levell with Book IV. The last cycle, making a Sfcat containing ,w""p around the whole diagram ('appoint, that', all', 367. 3? ), lead, to Ihe final 'the' and 50 hack
! >>
? The Dream-Slructure
{(I 'rivemm'. The diagram parodies mystical ? . pirals (If mo~ ment' like th= in Swedenbru-g" PriN:;fM,1 with which JCIY"" may very wdl have bun familiar. (The schema could alw be
f. ,,,. . . II
? A . ". . . ntdCdUn <JfJoda><u<1",,?
drawn, though l~ clearly, as a spiralling line On <<ne of the con. ,. of a Ycawan gyu. Book IV would (hen appear"" c0- incident apex and b = on the gyre. >>
? Tram . by <h< Rev. . J. CJ,;,. . '''' Loodon, 1841. p. ",6. I s. . . boY<,Chap<<. Two, III.
95
? TJu Drr. llm. $truclure II: AWMAW! \. ( ('93. 30)
In U/,psdJoy. ;c had . ""ady made use ofthe holy Iyll_bl" of the Upanishads, AUM (or OM,""1 may aloo bt . . . riuen). and holh the word and the philooophy which it is pid 10 . ubs"mc
play quile an important pan in Fi_,. 1U 11'41. , J oytt wa, evi. dently rully aware ofi! ! IIlpp<:II(d ,igniJicance, about whith he might have lurnedfrom a g. . . ,at many tran. latio,,,ofand 0001_ mcntariea upon the Upanilhads (including R h V2,t$ky), knd almost certainly by word of mouth from the Dublin theo- oophists. (AUM is spccifica. lly aaociated willi Russell in Ul]uu,
U 414. ) O,,"f, the 'Umo! ', figumo prominently ip 1M 0 01($ to Heinrich Zimmer'. M'! 1d'Jn INliltIw MylMu,' which were made for JoyOl: by :0. reader. These 1W1es arc reproduced in Mr. Thomas Connolly'. Tk Pn_1 ll/w"r;, . /]. . . . . , 10ft' (where
'Url~ut' is misprinted 'Umlaut"),
To tht Brahma,. . AUM iJ of inomu. . ," importance and
hundrab of pages hlove b<<n filled with diseu"ions of it. A short lummary of the tnOIt '"<'levant poinu will have (0 lufflCe here. ' 1\ tremendously ucr~ formula which is to be intoned mentally rather than aloud, it ua. ymbol <>fthe whole visible and in"isible uui''<;'1(: ? . . . hal hal become, . . . hal is becoming, what . . . il1 become. ' It is romidued to be made up <>fro. . r greal constituent paru, the fint three npnsented by the sound! A,
U, and M, and the last by the edge of m. cternallilent void following On the dOloure of the M, the point at which the la. ! t overtone of the Iyllable di. ,. away into /1lJ<I (dilSOlution), the boundary between a faint hollow echo and true filenee. In one place in the Up. . ru. ha. ds' Ihe"J'I is parodo. nc. ally dacri! :>ed at b. aviog a JOUnd like a peal of thunder. 10 that here aga. inJoy<<
I 8m. . . 'ldi.
? ~"". ,BuffioJo, '951; nWprin' -'~,II d in . Itt,,,'"me rr-
. ,. . . . ,.
? t'", lIlY dio<. . . . . . . . . cl AUJo. I I ""? ? . - I', 0. . -. . . , 7lII ! '" '( v'v fI
. . . V ,. d" I/', '1'&110. by A. S. c. :. t. t. , Edinb. . '1JI>, 19Q6; R. E. llw. ><. TIio ru. . . . . PriMy. ,J U/ " I " (hfonl, 19oo I : S. IUdhoakrislman, n. PIti'-"
"" " . .
much glorified past, ,tacting with his prel"nt deathlik "ale (iO,~) and working back to hi> hinh: 'Yet they wend il back, qual hi, leif' (sSo,13), In following h;, career back to iu origins in h;, incarnation", the Son, Earwick<:r ;, engaged in the Yeat$ian proces,,,, of Dreami. , B",k, Return, and T/tt Shifting, (293,03,295. 10,295,'5, 5? O. O. j,) which in A V'u,;,n are ,aid to follow immediately on death, preceding the desired . pirilUai 'Marriage' wilh the Ddty and allowing the "lui to Ira"" it.
progrt. :$, in the rev""", direction, right ba<:k to birth' :
'In the Drt~ming BIUt the Spirit;' compelled to live over and over again the evenU that had most moved it; there can be
nothing new, but the old events . tand furth in a light which i. dim or bright according to the intemity Qf the pa$si. on that accompanied them . ? . After its imprironment by oome event
in the Drwming BlUk, the Spi. il relives that evenl in the Rtlu,n and tufm it into knowledge, and then falls inlo the D,,~ming BlUk once more. The Spirit find, the concrete events in the PassioMk Body but the na:rnes and words of the drama it mwt obtain, the Fa. . . ltiu having gone when tbe H",k and PlUno""k Body disappMred, from lOme incarnale Mind, and Ihi. it ;, able to do becaUle all spirits inhabit our consciomness, or, "" Swedenbo'1l said, arc the J)ramati. Penonae of our dreams . . . The mOl'1O complete the Drwming Bad: the more complete the Return and the mOT<: bappy or fortunale the n a t incarnation. After ~aeh event of tIu: D""ming Bl1tk the Spinl explo= not
merely tJu: eauSCI but the cotUt:quences ofthat event. . . [And, in tJu: Siliftings:] ? . . In '0 far ru tbe man did good without
, ,t y;,. "" pp. ~o&-so.
9'
? The Drram-StrnctUTt
knowing evil, hi. nature is reversed until tho. t knowledge is obtained. Th. Spirit live! ! . . . "The bCJ! t Jl""5ible Life in the won! possible ,urrounding. " or the contrary of this; yet there is n n ,uffering: " For in a , tate of ~uilibrium there is neither emotion nnr oemation" '.
T h . Slot/elm! Ki f ' reIerena: to the con! ,. ,. . ! between Earwicl. cr', failure, and Shaun'. 'uc~ is illuminated by the Shijlingr, while the oscillations betwrcn famMY and narurali,m in Book
III find a rationalisation in tho: cyek, of Dreami~g lJ(J(;k and &turn. The whole of Book TIl, including the ""gr= in H1. 4
when Shaun begins his own epic. yelic Dr. -ing R(J(;k, is thm, in thoe ~rm" a my$tical pilgrimage of Earwi~ker'? ? pirit, . ed:ing ,alvation through Jdf. knowlrdge, working ba<:k tow:>. ro an "". mun! of his own gene';".
J "yee mak. ,. this DrMmu. , Back function at the universal", well a$ the personal level, 10 that the history of mankind is traced back to the Flood by the end ofIlI. 4 (s89-90). (I have already notrd that in thischap~r the Earwicun ,eem to belong to a past generation. ') The idea of a\lnwing the ! ",ychie
proc= to upand in this way to the racial levd scnru to have had its origin in a brief but in~fC! lting no~ in the Large
Notebook' :
'dream thoughts are ",-au thoughts of a:nturie! ! ago: uncon? sciom memory: great "",urrenee: race memori. . '
The first part of the no~ h"" been =red through by Joye<:, which usually indica! ", that the ma~rial 10 markrd ha, bc<:n
used 10mewhere in FiMtgmu W. . ke.
Such a nest of drcaJrul within drums as I have been de?
scribing might of course go on for ever, like the infinite rcgl"CSl of time? planes inJ. W. Dunne', Tiu Strid Universe,' and there is no doubt mar<: than a hint of oo:mrie aolipmrn about this conca~nation of dream. personages, all evolved from a lingle
, s. . obove. p . 8).
I h, tho: . . ","'" ""';~"" 'i'ky! t. . n<! a. . . . . . ylod~? ; ,. . obov<, p. ~? .
? "Ine""""""Ptof,,,,,",. . . 1wUv"",,," 0cow'''''''~. . ,meinF;""p'" W. . t. : ' . . . oob. ")'lI' omio<d, OO? ioI,,,,,,,,,<olly, in ? "'","e on~ more olm;gnt;! y nponding un;""",,' (063,'4); '",rial <I. ". ,. . . . of fai" women' (53'. 33); '" _ ,8. . "" 1. 8. 10, 3'0. 33, ,". 00, ~? . ,. .
? T! u Dream-Structure
mind. It Ke"'" to have been j oyu'. main PIUJ'OK, h. )wever, tQ usc the dream_sequences all a further illustration of the Viconian th=-part cycle, thio time arrnnged 00 . . . . . teo be everywhere e>ut of Itep with the principal cycle corui. <ting ofBooko r, II, and III. Th. . . , after the 'Tiers, tiers and tiers' ofdream. in thue thre<: 8001<0, we return ('Rounds'), "" always in Book IV, In the first level (59". 30). The Dreamer i. < of COune . till ""Ieep, but Ear- wicker's fantastic dream-night i. over: 'Guld modning'. Hio twenty_four h. )ur cycle i, alIDOllI complete and in hi. '! company we have progr=cd from 'wan warning' (6. 01) to another; dawn break! on a new day. j Ullt . . . . . the Providence of Vico'. >iamb leads to yel another rcMatemenl of history, 50 the fourth drcam-cycle, which has a},. . ,ady brought ill back to the first dream. level of Book I, reintroduces the Golden Age which makes CrClh hope possible.
Ac<:ording 10 the molecular principle on which FiMlgaru W. . . tt i. '! built, each minor cycle mu. t in 50me way reflect thili
major wcccosion of dream-<:ycl. . . . There an:, in fact, . uhlidiary dream_levels within the four-chapter cyclC$, and even within individual chapten. T he fourth chapter of each minor eycle i. a dream-<:reation of oomeone who fall, a,leep in the prec. :ding chapler.
Thus Earwickcr, in the mythical context of the . tories told of him in 'h;,' cycle, ' . 1- 4, sleep. after the end of 1. 3, tirea"", ofhirruelf "" Shaun (or King) dnring r4, (15. 05, 19. ~8, 81. 16,89. 03), and 00 relive! hi, trial before the public; Shcm hands over 10 hi. < dream-<:reature Anna Livia in 1. 8; Earwicl<er dream. alII. . . , ShaUll at III. . , and 50 on in cydes ofdiminiah- illg scope.
In figure 1I, following, I have attempted to reconatruct IUch a ! Chematic diagram as j oyce mighl have used in marking out ru. . dream-oeyd. . . The figure ;, an endleu line beginning al 'riverrun' near thc top, completing One cycle (I- II. 3), then making a gliding 1ramitinn (II. 4) to the next level (III. I-3),
following th;, by a ludden drop to the third level, and ju. t as ,uddenly moving back to levell with Book IV. The last cycle, making a Sfcat containing ,w""p around the whole diagram ('appoint, that', all', 367. 3? ), lead, to Ihe final 'the' and 50 hack
! >>
? The Dream-Slructure
{(I 'rivemm'. The diagram parodies mystical ? . pirals (If mo~ ment' like th= in Swedenbru-g" PriN:;fM,1 with which JCIY"" may very wdl have bun familiar. (The schema could alw be
f. ,,,. . . II
? A . ". . . ntdCdUn <JfJoda><u<1",,?
drawn, though l~ clearly, as a spiralling line On <<ne of the con. ,. of a Ycawan gyu. Book IV would (hen appear"" c0- incident apex and b = on the gyre. >>
? Tram . by <h< Rev. . J. CJ,;,. . '''' Loodon, 1841. p. ",6. I s. . . boY<,Chap<<. Two, III.
95
? TJu Drr. llm. $truclure II: AWMAW! \. ( ('93. 30)
In U/,psdJoy. ;c had . ""ady made use ofthe holy Iyll_bl" of the Upanishads, AUM (or OM,""1 may aloo bt . . . riuen). and holh the word and the philooophy which it is pid 10 . ubs"mc
play quile an important pan in Fi_,. 1U 11'41. , J oytt wa, evi. dently rully aware ofi! ! IIlpp<:II(d ,igniJicance, about whith he might have lurnedfrom a g. . . ,at many tran. latio,,,ofand 0001_ mcntariea upon the Upanilhads (including R h V2,t$ky), knd almost certainly by word of mouth from the Dublin theo- oophists. (AUM is spccifica. lly aaociated willi Russell in Ul]uu,
U 414. ) O,,"f, the 'Umo! ', figumo prominently ip 1M 0 01($ to Heinrich Zimmer'. M'! 1d'Jn INliltIw MylMu,' which were made for JoyOl: by :0. reader. These 1W1es arc reproduced in Mr. Thomas Connolly'. Tk Pn_1 ll/w"r;, . /]. . . . . , 10ft' (where
'Url~ut' is misprinted 'Umlaut"),
To tht Brahma,. . AUM iJ of inomu. . ," importance and
hundrab of pages hlove b<<n filled with diseu"ions of it. A short lummary of the tnOIt '"<'levant poinu will have (0 lufflCe here. ' 1\ tremendously ucr~ formula which is to be intoned mentally rather than aloud, it ua. ymbol <>fthe whole visible and in"isible uui''<;'1(: ? . . . hal hal become, . . . hal is becoming, what . . . il1 become. ' It is romidued to be made up <>fro. . r greal constituent paru, the fint three npnsented by the sound! A,
U, and M, and the last by the edge of m. cternallilent void following On the dOloure of the M, the point at which the la. ! t overtone of the Iyllable di. ,. away into /1lJ<I (dilSOlution), the boundary between a faint hollow echo and true filenee. In one place in the Up. . ru. ha. ds' Ihe"J'I is parodo. nc. ally dacri! :>ed at b. aviog a JOUnd like a peal of thunder. 10 that here aga. inJoy<<
I 8m. . . 'ldi.
? ~"". ,BuffioJo, '951; nWprin' -'~,II d in . Itt,,,'"me rr-
. ,. . . . ,.
? t'", lIlY dio<. . . . . . . . . cl AUJo. I I ""? ? . - I', 0. . -. . . , 7lII ! '" '( v'v fI
. . . V ,. d" I/', '1'&110. by A. S. c. :. t. t. , Edinb. . '1JI>, 19Q6; R. E. llw. ><. TIio ru. . . . . PriMy. ,J U/ " I " (hfonl, 19oo I : S. IUdhoakrislman, n. PIti'-"
"" " . .
