No More Learning

17. ) We now have in all upwards of
Pro Druso, B. C. 54. (Ad Att. iv. 15. ) [Drusus. ] eight hundred, undoubtedly genuine, extending
Pro C. Messio
, v. c. 54. (ad Au. iv. 15. ) [Mes over a space of 26 years, and commonly arranged
SIUS. )
in the following manner :
Dc Reatinorum Causa contra Interamnates. (Ad 1. “ Epistolarum ad Familiares 8. Epistolarum
Att. ir. 15. )
ad Diversos Libri XVI," titles which have been
** De Aere alicno Milonis Interrogatio, B. c. 53. permitted to keep their ground, although the for-
[Milo. )
mer conveys an inaccurate idea of the contents
Pro T. Annio Milonc, B. C. 52. (Milo. ]
and the latter is bad Latin. The volume contains
Pro M. Saufeio. Two orations. B. c. 52. (SAU- a series of 426 epistles, commencing with a formal
FEIUS. )
congratulation to Pompey on his success in the
Contra T. Munatium Plancum. In Dec. B. c. 52. Mithridatic war, written in the course of B. C. 62,
(See Ad Fam. viii. 2, Philipp. vi. 4 ; Dion Cass. and terminating with a note to Cassius, despatched
xl. 55. )
about the beginning of July, B. C. 43, announcing
Pro Cornelio Dolabella, B. C. 50. (Ad Fam. iii. 10. ) that Lepidus had been declared a public enemy by
[Pro M. Marcello, B. C. 47. [M. MARCELLUS. ] Í the senate, in consequence of having gone over to
Pro Q. Ligario, B. C. 46. [Q. LIGARIUS. ] Antony. They are not placed in chronological
Pro Rege Deiotaro, B. C. 45. (DeloTARUS. ) order, but those addressed to the same individuals,
De Pacc, in Scnatu, 17 March, B. C. 44. (Dion with their replies, where these exist, are grouped
Cass. xliv. 63. )
together without reference to the date of the rest.
It will be seen from the marks attached to the Thus the whole of those in the third book are
Orations in the above lists that doubts are enter- addressed to Appius Pulcher, his predecessor in the
tained with regard to the genuineness of those government of Cilicia ; those of the fourteenth to
Pro Archia, Post Reditum in Senatu, Pro Domo | Terentia; those of the fifteenth to Tiro; those of
sua ad Pontifices, De Haruspicum Responsis, Pro the fourth to Sulpicius, Marcellus, and Figulus, with
M. Marcello. An account of the controversy with replies from the two former; while the whole of
regard to these is given under M. MARCELLUS. those in the eighth are from M. Caelius Rufus,
The following are universally allowed to be spu- most of them transmitted to Cicero while in his
rious, and therefore have not been admitted into province, containing full particulars of all the poli-
the catalogue :
tical and social gossip of the metropolis.
[“ Responsio ad Orationem C. Sallustii Crispi. ” 2. “
Epistolarum ad T. Pomponium Atticum
[SALLUSTIUS. ]
Libri XVI. ” A series of 396 epistles addressed to
Oratio ad Populum et ad Equites antequam iret in Atticus, of which eleven were written in the years
exilium.
B. C. 68, 67, 65, and 62, the remainder after the
Epistola 6. Declamatio ad Octavianum.
end of B. C. 62, and the last in Nov. B. C. 44. (Ad
Oratio adversus Valerium.
Att. xvi. 15. ) They are for the most part in
Oratio de Pace. ]
chronological order, although dislocations occur
The Editio Princeps of the Orations is probably here and there. Occasionally, copies of letters re-
that printed in 1471 at Rome by Sweynheym and ceived from or sent to others--from Caesar, Antony,
Pannartz, fol. , under the inspection of Andrew, Balbus, Hirtius, Oppius, to Dolabella, Plancus, &c. ,
bishop of Aleria. Another edition was printed in are included; and to the 16th of the last book no
the same year at Venice, by Valdarfer; and a less than six are subjoined, to Plancus, Capito, and
third at Venice, in 1472, by Ambergau, both in Cupiennius.
folio; besides which there is a fourth, in very 3. “ Epistolarum ad Q. Fratrem Libri III. "
ancient characters, without date, name of place A series of 29 epistles addressed to his brother,
or printer, which many bibliographers believe to the first written in B. c. 59, while Quintus was
be the earliest of all. The most useful editions still propraetor of Asia, containing an admirable
are those of Jo. Roigny, fol. , Paris, 1536, contain- summary of the duties and obligations of a provin-
ing a complete collection of all the commentaries cial governor; the last towards the end of B. c. 54.
which had appeared up to that date; of Graevius, 4. We find in most editions - Epistolarum ad
3 vols. in 6 parts, Amsterdam, 1695—1699, form- Brutum Liber,” a series of eighteen epistles all
ing part of the series of Variorum Classics in 8vo. , written after the death of Caesar, eleven from
and comprising among other aids the notes of Cicero to Brutus, six from Brutus to Cicero, and
Manutius and Lambinus entire ; to which we may one from Brutus to Atticus. To these are added
add that of Klotz, Leipzig, 1835, 3 vols. 8vo. , with eight more, first published by Cratander, five from
excellent introductions and annotations in the Ger- Cicero to Brutus, three from Brutus to Cicero.
man language. The best edition of each speech i The genuineness of these two books has proved a
will be noticed when discussing the speech itself. fruitful source of controversy, and the question
cannot be said to be even now fully decided, al-
CORRESPONDENCE.
though the majority of scholars incline to believe
them spurious. [BRUTUS, No. 21. ]
Cicero during the most important period of his 5. In addition to the above, collections of letters
life maintained a close correspondence with Atticus, by Cicero are quoted by various authors and gram-
and with a wide circle of literary and political marians, but little has been preserved except the
friends and connexions. Copies of these letters names. Thus we can trace that there must have
do not seem to have been systematically preserved, once existed two books to Cornelius Nepos, three
and so late as B. C. 44 no regular collection had books to Caesar, three books to Pansa, nine books
been formed, although Tiro was at that time in to Hirtius, eight books to M. Brutus, two books to
possession of about seventy, which he is supposed | young M. Cicero, more than one book to Calvus,


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7. 14
CICERO.
CICERO.
5. Vaporius
. See Capitolin. 2. C.
more than one book to Q. Axius, single letters to 1. ** Versus Homerici. Translations from Home
M. Titinius, to Cato, to Carrellia, and, under the mer. (See de Fin. v. 18. ) The lines which are
title of “ Epistola ad Pompeium," a lengthened ſound de Dirin. ii. 30, Tusculan. iii. 26, 9, de Fin. v.
narrative of the events of his consulship. (Ascon. 18; Augustin, de Cir. Dei, v. 8, amounting in all
ad Orat. pro Planc. c. 34, pro Sull. c. 24. ) to 44 hexameters, may be held as specimens.
Notwithstanding the manifold attractions offered 2. * Arati Pluenomena.
by the other works of Cicero, we believe that the 3. ** Arati Prognostica.
man of taste, the historian, the antiquary, and the About two-thirds of the former, amounting to
student of human nature, would willingly resim upwards of five hundred hexameter lines, of which
them all rather than be deprived of the Epistles. 470 are nearly continuous, have been preserved,
Greece can furnish us with more profound philoso- while twenty-seven only of the latter remain.
phy, and with superior oratory; but the ancient The translation is for the most part very close
world has left us nothing that could supply the the dull copy of a dull original. Both pieces were
place of these letters. Whether we regard them juveline efforts, although subsequently corrected
as mere specimens of style, at one time refiecting and embellished. (De Nat. Deor. ii. 41, comp.
the conversational tone of familiar every-day life ad Att. ii. 1.
) [ARATUS, A VIENUS, GERMANI-
in its most graceful form, at another sparkling with cus. )
wit, at another claiming applause as works of art 4. Alcyones. Capitolinus (Gordian. 3) men-
belonging to the highest class, at another couched tions a poem under this name ascribed to Cicero,
in all the stiff courtesy of diplomatic reserve; or of which nearly two lines are quoted by Nonius.
whether we consider the ampie materials, derived (s. v. Praerius. )
from the purest and most inaccessible sources,
which they supply for a history of the Roman con-
.
stitution during its last struggles, affording a deep 7. ** Limon. Four hexameter lines in praise
insight into the personal dispositions and motives of Terence from this poem, the general subject of
of the chief leaders,—or, finally, seek and find in which is unknown, are quoted by Suetonius. (Vil.
them a complete key to the character of Cicero Terent. 5. )
himself, unlocking as they do the most hidden 8. ** Marius. Written before the year B. C.
secrets of his thoughts, revealing the whole man in 82. (De Leg. i. 1; Vell. Pat. ii. 26. ) A spirited
all his greatness and all his meanness,—their value fragment of thirteen hexameter lines, describing a
is altogether inestimable. To attempt to give any prodigy witnessed by Marius and interpreted by
idea of their contents would be to analyze each in him as an omen of success, is quoted in de
dividualls.
Divinatione (i. 47), a single line in the de Legibus
The Editio Princeps of the Epistolae ad Fami- | (i. 1), and another by Isidorus. (Orig. xix. 1. )
liares was printed in 1467, 4to. , being the first 9. De Rebus in Consulatu gestis. Cicero wrote
work which issued from the press of Sweynhey'm a history of his own consulship, first in Greek
and Pannartz at Rome. A second edition of it prose, which he finished before the month of June,
was published by these typographers in 1469, fol. , B. C. 60 (ad Att. ii. 1), and soon afterwards a Latin
under the inspection of Andrew of Aleria, and two poem on the same subject, divided, it would seem,
others were produced in the same year at Venice into three parts. A fragment consisting of seventy-
by Jo. de Spira.
eight hexameters, is quoted from the second book
Editions of the Epistolae ad Atticum, ad M. in the de Divinatione (i. 11-13), three lines from
Brutum, ad Q. Fratrem, were printed in 1470 at the third in a letter to Atticus (ii. 3), and one
Rome by Sweynheym and Pannartz, and at Venice verse by Nonius. (s. v. Eventus. )
by Nicol. Jenson, both in folio ; they are taken 10. ** De meis Temporibus. We are informed
from different MSS. , and bibliographers cannot by Cicero in a letter belonging to B. c. 54 (ad Fam.
decide to which precedence is due. The first which i. 9), that he had written three books in verse
exhibited a tolerable text was that of P. Victorius, upon his own times, including, as we gather from
Florence, 1571,
which follows the MS. copy made his words, an account of his exile, his sufferings,
by Petrarch. The commentaries of P. Manutius and his recall—the whole being probably a con-
attached to the Aldine of 1548, and frequently re- tinuation of the piece last mentioned. Four dis-
printed, are very raluable.
jointed lines only remain (Quintil. xi. 1. $ 24, ix.
The most useful edition is that of Schütz, 6 vols. 4. & 41), one of which is, “ Cedant arma togae
8vo. , Hal. 1809-12, containing the whole of the concedat laurea linguae," and the other, the un-
Epistles, except those to Brutus, arranged in chro- lucky jingle so well known to us from Juvenal (x.
nological order and illustrated with explanatory 122), “ O fortunatam natam me consule Romam. ”
The student may add to these the transla- 11. * * Tamelastis. An elegy upon some un-
tion into French of the letters to Atticus by Mon- known theme. One line and a word are found in
gault, Paris, 1738, and into German of all the the commentary of Servius on Virgil. (Ed. i. 58. )
letters by Wieland, Zuriclı, 1808–1821, 7 vols. 12. * * Libellus Jocularis. Our acquaintance
8vo, and the work of Abeken, Cicero in seinen with this is derired solely from Quintilian (viii. 6.
Briefen, Hanov. 1835.
$ 73), who quotes a punning couplet as the words
of Cicero “ in quodam joculari libello. ”
4. POETICAL WORKS.
13. Pontius Glaucus. Plutarch tells us that
Cicero appears to have acquired a taste for Cicero, while yet a boy, wrote a little poem in
poetical composition while prosecuting his studies tetrameters with the above title. The subject is
under Archias. Most of his essays in this depart- unknown. (Plut. Cic. 2. )
ment belong to his earlier years; they must be 14. Epigramma in Tironem. Mentioned by
regarded as exercises undertaken for improvement Pliny. (Ep. vii. 4. )
or amusement, and they certainly in no way in- The poetical and other fragments of Cicero are
creased his reputation.
given in their most accurate form, with useful in-
notes.


## p. 745 (#765) ############################################

CICERO.
745
CICERO.
troductory notices, in the edition of ne whole 1. Dc Orthographia. 2. De Re Milituri. 3.
works by Nobbe, 1 vol. 4to. , Leipz. 1827, and Synonyma. 4. De Numerosa Oratione al Tironem.
again with some improvements by Orelli, vol. iv. 5. Orpheus s. de Adolescente Studioso. 6. De Me-
pt. ii. , 1828.
moriu. Any tracts which have been published
from time to time under the above titles as works
5. HISTORICAL AND MISCELLANEOUS Works.
of Cicero, such as the Dc Re Aſilitari attached to
1. ** De mcis Consiliis s. Meorum Consiliorum many of the older editions, are unquestionably
Espositio. We find from Asconius and St. Augus- spurious. (See Angelo Mai, Cutulog. Cod. An-
tin that Cicero published a work under some such bros. cl. ; Bandini, Catulog. Bill. Laurext. iji. p.
title, in justification of his own policy, at the 405, and Suppl. ii. p. 381; Fabric. Bibl. Lut. i.
period when he feared that he might lose his elec- p. 211; Orelli, Ciccronis Opera, vol. iv. pt. ii.
tion for the consulship, in consequence of the op- p. 584. ).
position and intrigues of Crassus and Caesar. A The Editio Princeps of the collected works of
few sentences only remain. (Ascon. ad Orat. in Cicero was printed at Milan by Alexander Minu-
Tog. Cund. ; Augustin. c. Juliun. Pelag. v. 5; tianus, 4 vols. fol. , 1498, and reprinted with a few
Fronto, Erc. Elocut. )
changes due to Budaeus by Badius Ascensius,
2. De Consulutu (nepl tñs utatelas). The only Paris, 4 vols. fol. , 1511. Aldus Manutius and
purely historical work of Cicero was a commentary Naugerius published a complete edition in 9 vols.
on his own consulship, written in Greek and fol. , Venet. , 1519-1523, which served as the
finished before the month of June, B. C. 60, not model for the second of Ascensius, Paris, 1522, 2
one word of which has been saved. (Ad Att. ii. or 4 vols. fol. None of the above were derived
]; Plut. Cues. 8; Dion Cass. xlvi.