He is men-
PRENAS are two orators frequently introduced as tioned as one of the Argonauts.
PRENAS are two orators frequently introduced as tioned as one of the Argonauts.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - a
532, ed.
by Lindemann, vol.
i.
Lips.
1831.
Paris), who lived under the Antonines, states, ASPER, JUʻLIUS, had been raised to the
that he heard one of the pupils of Aspasius. Boe- consulship, as had also his sons, by Caracalla, but
thius, who frequently refers to his works, says
was afterwards, without any apparent cause, de-
that Aspasius wrote commentaries on most of the prived of all his honours, and driven out of Rome
works of Aristotle. The following commentaries by the same emperor, A. D. 212. (Dion Cass.
are expressly mentioned : on De Interpretatione, lxxvii. 5. ) We learn from an inscription (ap.
the Physica, Metaphysica, Categoriae, and the Fabrett. p. 494), that the consuls in A. D. 212
Nicomachean Ethics. A portion of the commen- were both of the name of Julius Asper. Either
tary on the last-mentioned work of Aristotle (viz. the father or one of his sons was appointed go-
on books 1, 2, 4, 7, and 8) are still extant, and vernor of Asia by Macrinus, but was deprived of
were first printed by Aldus Manutius, in his col- this dignity on his journey to the province, on ac-
lection of the Greek commentators on the Nico- count of some incautious words which offended the
machean Ethics. (Venice, 1536, fol. ) A Latin emperor. It is usually stated, on the authority of
translation by J. B. Felicianus appeared at Venice Dion Cassius, that Asper was killed by Elagabalus ;
in 1541, and has often been reprinted. From Por- but Dion Cassius does not say this. (Dion Cass.
phyrius, who also states that Aspasius wrote com Lxxviii. 22, Ixxix. 4. )
mentaries on Plato, we learn that his commentaries ASPER, SULPICIUS, a centurion, cne of the
on Aristotle were used in the school of Plotinus. conspirators against Nero, A. D. 66, met his faie
(Fabric. Bibl. Graec. iii. p. 264, &c. ; Buhle, Aristot. with great firmness, when he was put to death
Op. i. p. 296. )
after the detection of the conspiracy. (Tac. Ann.
3. Of RAVENNA, a distinguished sophist and xv. 49, 50, 68; Dion Cass. Ixii. 24. )
rhetorician, who lived about A. D. 225, in the ASPHALIUS or ASPHALEIUS ('Aodálos
reign of Alexander Severus. He was educated by or 'Aoqanetos), a surname of Poseidon, under
his father Demetrianus, who was himself a skilful which he was worshipped in several towns of
rhetorician ; afterwards he was also a pupil of Greece. It describes him as the god who granis
2 c 2
## p. 388 (#408) ############################################
388
ASTACUS.
ASTERIUS.
a
safety to ports and to navigation in general. ASTARTE. [APHRODITE and Syria DBA. ]
(Strab. i. p. 57; Paus. vii. 21. $ 3; Plut. Thics. ASTERIA ('Astepla), a daughter of the Titan
36 ; Suid. s. v. )
(L. S. ) Cocus (according to lygin. Ful. Pref. of Polus)
ASPLE’DON ('Aotanduv), a son of Poseidon and Phoebe. She was the sister of Leto, and, ac-
and the nymph Mideia (Chersias, ap. Paus. ix. 38. cording to Hesiod (Theog. 409), the wife of Perses,
$ 6); according to others, he was a son of Orcho by whom she became the mother of Hecite. Ci-
menus and brother of Clymenus and Amphidicus cero (de Nat. Deor. ii. 16) makes her the mother
(Steph. Byz. s. v. 'AonAndwv), or a son of Presbon of the fourth Heracles by Zeus. But according to
and Sterope. (Eustath. ad Hom. p. 272. ) He the genuine and more general tradition, she was
was regarded as the founder of Aspledon, an an- an inhabitant of Olympus, and beloved by Zeus.
cient town of the Minyans in Boeotia. (L. S. ] In order to escape from his embraces, she got me-
ASPRENAS, a surname of the Nonii, a con- tamorphosed into a quail (optub), threw herself into
sular family under the early emperors. (Comp. the sea, and was here metamorphosed into the
Plin. 11. N. xxx. 20. ) 1. C. NONIUS Aspresas, island Asteria (the island which had fallen from
was a performer in the Trojae lusus under Augus- heaven like a star), or Ortygin, afterwards called
tus, and in consequence of an injury which he sug- Delos. (Apollod. i. 2. $ 2, 4. $ 1; Athen. ix. p.
tained from a fall in the game, he received a golden 392 ; Hygin. Fub. 53; Callimach. Hymn. in Del.
chain from Augustus, and was allowed to assume 37; Serv. ad Aen. iii. 73. ) There are several other
the surname of Torquatus, both for himself and his mythical personages of this name, -one a daughter
posterity. (Suet. Oct. 43. )
of Alcyoneus (ALCYONIDES); a second, one of the
2. L. Asprenas, a legate under his maternal Danaids (Apollod. q. 1. $ 5); a third, a daughter of
uncle, Varus, a. D. 10, preserved the Roman army Atlas (Hygin. Fub. 250, where, perhaps, Asterope
from total destruction after the death of Varus. is to be read); and a fourth, a daughter of Hydis,
(Dion Cass. lvi. 22; Vell. Pat. ii. 120. ) He is who became by Bellerophontes the mother of Hy-
probably the same as the L. Nonius Asprenas who dissus, the founder of Hydissus in Caria. (Steph.
was consul A. D. 6, and as the L. Asprenas men- Byz. s. v. 'Tdogós. )
(L. S. )
tioned by Tacitus, who was proconsul of Africa at ASTE’RION or ASTEʻRIUS ('Aoteplov or
the death of Augustus, A. D. 14, and who, accord- | 'Aotépios). 1. A son of Teutamus, and king of
ing to some accounts, sent soldiers, at the command the Cretans, who married Europa after she had
of Tiberius, to kill Sempronius Gracchus. (Tac been carried to Crete by Zeus. He also brought
Ann. i. 53. ) He is mentioned again by Tacitus, up the three sons, Minos, Sarpedon, and Rhada-
under A. D. 20. (Ann. iii. 18. )
manthys whom she had by the father of the gods,
3. P. Nonius ASPRENAS, consul, A. D. 38. (Apollod. ii. 1. $ 2, &c. ; Diod. iv. 60. )
(Dion Cass. lix. 9; Frontinus, de Aquaeduct. c. 13. ) 2. A son of Cometes, Pyremus, or Priscus, by
4. I. . Nonius Aspreras and P. Nonius As Antigone, the daughter of Pheres.
He is men-
PRENAS are two orators frequently introduced as tioned as one of the Argonauts. (Apollon. Rhod.
speakers in the Controversiae (1-4, 8, 10, 11, &c. ) i. 35; Paus. v. 17. $ 4; Hygin. Fab. 14; Valer.
of M. Seneca.
Flacc. i. 355. ) There are two more mythical per-
ASPRENAS, CALPU'RNIUS, appointed go- sonages of this name, one a river-god (ACRALA),
vernor of Galatia and Pamphylia by Galba, a. D. and the second a son of Minos, who was slain by
70, induced the partisans of the counterfeit Nero Theseus. (Paus. ii. 31. $ 1. )
[L. S. )
to put him to death. (Tac. Hist. ii. 9. )
ASTERION ('Artepiww), a statuary, the son of
ASSAON. (N10BE. ]
a man named Aeschylus. Pausanias (vi. 3. $ 1)
ASSALECTUS, a Roman sculptor, whose name mentions a statue oi Chaereas, a Sicyonian pugilist,
is found upon an extant statue of Aesculapius by which was of his workmanship. (C. P. M. ]
him, of the merit of which Winckelmann (Gesch. d. ASTE’RIUS ('Artépios), a son of Anax and
K. viii. 4. & 5) speaks slightingly. [C. P. M. ] grandson of Ge. According to a Milesian legend,
ASSARACUS ('Aooápakos), a son of Tros he was buried in the small island of Lade, and
and Calirrhoë, the daughter of Scamander. He his body measured ten cubits in length. (Paus.
was king of Troy, and busband of Hieromneme, by i. 35. § 5, vii. 2. $ 3. ) There are four other my-
whom he became the father of Capys, the father of thical personages of this name, who are mentioned
Anchises. (Hom. Il. xx. 232, &c. ; Apollod. iii. in the following passages : Apollod. ii. 1. $ 4;
12. $ 2; Serv. ad Virg. Georg. iii. 35 ; Aen. viii. Apollon. Rhod. i. 176; Apollod. i. 9. $ 9; Hygin.
130. )
[L. S. ) Fab. 170.
[L. S. ]
ASSE’SIA ('Aconcía), a surname of Athena, ASTE’RIUS ('Agrépos), succeeded Eulalius as
derived from the town of Assesus in Ionia, where bishop of Amaseia in Pontus, in the latter part of
she had a temple. (Herod. i. 19. ) [L. S. ] the fourth century. He had been educated in his
ASSTEAS or ASTEAS, a painter, whose name youth by a Scythian slave. Several of his homilies
is found upon a
vase of his workmanship, dis- are still extant, and extracts from others, which
covered at Paestum, and now preserved in the have perished, have been preserved by Photius.
Royal Museum at Naples. (Winckelmann, Gesch. (Cod. 271. ) He belonged to the orthodox party
d. K. ii. Anm. 778. )
[C. P. M. ] in the Arian controversy, and seems to have lived
A'STACUS ('Aotakos). 1. A son of Poseidon to a great age.
and the nymph Olbia, from whom the town of As- Fabricius (Bill. Graec. ix. p. 519, &c. ) gives a
tacus in Bithynia, which was afterwards called list of 25 other persons of this name, many of
Nicomedeia, derived its name. (Arrian. ap. Steph. whom were dignitaries of the church, and lived
Byz. s. r. ; Paus. v. 12. & 5; Strab. xii. p. 563. ) about the end of the fourth or the beginning of the
2. The father of Ismarus, Leades, Asphodicus, fifth century. Among them we may notice As-
and Melanippus, whence Ovid calls the lasi of terius, a Cappadocian, who embraced Christianity,
these heroes Astacides. (Apollod. iii. 6. § 8; , but apostatized in the persecution under Diocletian
Ovid, luis, 515. )
[L, S. ] and Maximian (about A. D. 304). He subse-
## p. 389 (#409) ############################################
ASTRATEIA.
389
ASTYAGES.
quently returned to the Christian faith, and joined | mis, under which she had a temple near Pyrrhich 18
the Arian party, but on account of his apostasy in Laconin, because she was believed to have stopped
was excluded from the dignity of bishop to which there the progress of the Amazons. (Paus. iii. 25.
he aspired. He was the author of several theolo- $ 2. )
(L. S. ]
gical works. There was also an Asterius of Scy- ASTY'AGES ('Aotváyns), king of Media,
thopolis, whom St. Jerome (Epist. 83, ad Magnum (called by Ctesias 'Aotviyas, and by Diodorus
Orat. ) mentions as one of the most celebrated eccle l'Actádas), was the son and successor of Cyaxares.
siastical writers.
[C. P. M. ) The accounts of this king given by Herodotus,
ASTERIUS, TURCIUS RUFUS APRONI. Ctesias, and Xenophon, differ in several important
A'NUS, was consul A. D. 494, devoted himself to particulars. We learn from Herodotus (i. 74), that
literary pursuits, and emended a MS. of Sedulius, in the compact made between Cyaxares and Aly-
and one of Virgil, on which he wrote an epigram. attes in B. c. 610, it was agreed that Astyages
(Anth. Lat. No. 281, ed. Meyer. ) [C. P. M. ] should marry Aryenis, the daughter of Alyattes.
ASTERODIA. (ENDYMION. )
According to the chronology of Herodotus, he suc-
ASTEROPAEUS ('Aotepowałos), a son of Pe ceeded his father in B. C. 595, and reigned 35
legon, and grandson of the river-god Axius, was years. (i. 130. ) His government was harsh. (i.
the commander of the Paeonians in the Trojan | 123. ) Alarmed by a dream, he gave his daughter
war, and an ally of the Trojans. He was the Mandane in marriage to Cambyses, a Persian of
tallest among all the inen, and fought with Achilles, good family. (i. 107. ) Another dream induced
whom he at first wounded, but was afterwards him to send Harpagus to destroy the offspring of
killed by him. (Hom. Il. xxi. 139, &c. ; Philostr. this marriage.
Paris), who lived under the Antonines, states, ASPER, JUʻLIUS, had been raised to the
that he heard one of the pupils of Aspasius. Boe- consulship, as had also his sons, by Caracalla, but
thius, who frequently refers to his works, says
was afterwards, without any apparent cause, de-
that Aspasius wrote commentaries on most of the prived of all his honours, and driven out of Rome
works of Aristotle. The following commentaries by the same emperor, A. D. 212. (Dion Cass.
are expressly mentioned : on De Interpretatione, lxxvii. 5. ) We learn from an inscription (ap.
the Physica, Metaphysica, Categoriae, and the Fabrett. p. 494), that the consuls in A. D. 212
Nicomachean Ethics. A portion of the commen- were both of the name of Julius Asper. Either
tary on the last-mentioned work of Aristotle (viz. the father or one of his sons was appointed go-
on books 1, 2, 4, 7, and 8) are still extant, and vernor of Asia by Macrinus, but was deprived of
were first printed by Aldus Manutius, in his col- this dignity on his journey to the province, on ac-
lection of the Greek commentators on the Nico- count of some incautious words which offended the
machean Ethics. (Venice, 1536, fol. ) A Latin emperor. It is usually stated, on the authority of
translation by J. B. Felicianus appeared at Venice Dion Cassius, that Asper was killed by Elagabalus ;
in 1541, and has often been reprinted. From Por- but Dion Cassius does not say this. (Dion Cass.
phyrius, who also states that Aspasius wrote com Lxxviii. 22, Ixxix. 4. )
mentaries on Plato, we learn that his commentaries ASPER, SULPICIUS, a centurion, cne of the
on Aristotle were used in the school of Plotinus. conspirators against Nero, A. D. 66, met his faie
(Fabric. Bibl. Graec. iii. p. 264, &c. ; Buhle, Aristot. with great firmness, when he was put to death
Op. i. p. 296. )
after the detection of the conspiracy. (Tac. Ann.
3. Of RAVENNA, a distinguished sophist and xv. 49, 50, 68; Dion Cass. Ixii. 24. )
rhetorician, who lived about A. D. 225, in the ASPHALIUS or ASPHALEIUS ('Aodálos
reign of Alexander Severus. He was educated by or 'Aoqanetos), a surname of Poseidon, under
his father Demetrianus, who was himself a skilful which he was worshipped in several towns of
rhetorician ; afterwards he was also a pupil of Greece. It describes him as the god who granis
2 c 2
## p. 388 (#408) ############################################
388
ASTACUS.
ASTERIUS.
a
safety to ports and to navigation in general. ASTARTE. [APHRODITE and Syria DBA. ]
(Strab. i. p. 57; Paus. vii. 21. $ 3; Plut. Thics. ASTERIA ('Astepla), a daughter of the Titan
36 ; Suid. s. v. )
(L. S. ) Cocus (according to lygin. Ful. Pref. of Polus)
ASPLE’DON ('Aotanduv), a son of Poseidon and Phoebe. She was the sister of Leto, and, ac-
and the nymph Mideia (Chersias, ap. Paus. ix. 38. cording to Hesiod (Theog. 409), the wife of Perses,
$ 6); according to others, he was a son of Orcho by whom she became the mother of Hecite. Ci-
menus and brother of Clymenus and Amphidicus cero (de Nat. Deor. ii. 16) makes her the mother
(Steph. Byz. s. v. 'AonAndwv), or a son of Presbon of the fourth Heracles by Zeus. But according to
and Sterope. (Eustath. ad Hom. p. 272. ) He the genuine and more general tradition, she was
was regarded as the founder of Aspledon, an an- an inhabitant of Olympus, and beloved by Zeus.
cient town of the Minyans in Boeotia. (L. S. ] In order to escape from his embraces, she got me-
ASPRENAS, a surname of the Nonii, a con- tamorphosed into a quail (optub), threw herself into
sular family under the early emperors. (Comp. the sea, and was here metamorphosed into the
Plin. 11. N. xxx. 20. ) 1. C. NONIUS Aspresas, island Asteria (the island which had fallen from
was a performer in the Trojae lusus under Augus- heaven like a star), or Ortygin, afterwards called
tus, and in consequence of an injury which he sug- Delos. (Apollod. i. 2. $ 2, 4. $ 1; Athen. ix. p.
tained from a fall in the game, he received a golden 392 ; Hygin. Fub. 53; Callimach. Hymn. in Del.
chain from Augustus, and was allowed to assume 37; Serv. ad Aen. iii. 73. ) There are several other
the surname of Torquatus, both for himself and his mythical personages of this name, -one a daughter
posterity. (Suet. Oct. 43. )
of Alcyoneus (ALCYONIDES); a second, one of the
2. L. Asprenas, a legate under his maternal Danaids (Apollod. q. 1. $ 5); a third, a daughter of
uncle, Varus, a. D. 10, preserved the Roman army Atlas (Hygin. Fub. 250, where, perhaps, Asterope
from total destruction after the death of Varus. is to be read); and a fourth, a daughter of Hydis,
(Dion Cass. lvi. 22; Vell. Pat. ii. 120. ) He is who became by Bellerophontes the mother of Hy-
probably the same as the L. Nonius Asprenas who dissus, the founder of Hydissus in Caria. (Steph.
was consul A. D. 6, and as the L. Asprenas men- Byz. s. v. 'Tdogós. )
(L. S. )
tioned by Tacitus, who was proconsul of Africa at ASTE’RION or ASTEʻRIUS ('Aoteplov or
the death of Augustus, A. D. 14, and who, accord- | 'Aotépios). 1. A son of Teutamus, and king of
ing to some accounts, sent soldiers, at the command the Cretans, who married Europa after she had
of Tiberius, to kill Sempronius Gracchus. (Tac been carried to Crete by Zeus. He also brought
Ann. i. 53. ) He is mentioned again by Tacitus, up the three sons, Minos, Sarpedon, and Rhada-
under A. D. 20. (Ann. iii. 18. )
manthys whom she had by the father of the gods,
3. P. Nonius ASPRENAS, consul, A. D. 38. (Apollod. ii. 1. $ 2, &c. ; Diod. iv. 60. )
(Dion Cass. lix. 9; Frontinus, de Aquaeduct. c. 13. ) 2. A son of Cometes, Pyremus, or Priscus, by
4. I. . Nonius Aspreras and P. Nonius As Antigone, the daughter of Pheres.
He is men-
PRENAS are two orators frequently introduced as tioned as one of the Argonauts. (Apollon. Rhod.
speakers in the Controversiae (1-4, 8, 10, 11, &c. ) i. 35; Paus. v. 17. $ 4; Hygin. Fab. 14; Valer.
of M. Seneca.
Flacc. i. 355. ) There are two more mythical per-
ASPRENAS, CALPU'RNIUS, appointed go- sonages of this name, one a river-god (ACRALA),
vernor of Galatia and Pamphylia by Galba, a. D. and the second a son of Minos, who was slain by
70, induced the partisans of the counterfeit Nero Theseus. (Paus. ii. 31. $ 1. )
[L. S. )
to put him to death. (Tac. Hist. ii. 9. )
ASTERION ('Artepiww), a statuary, the son of
ASSAON. (N10BE. ]
a man named Aeschylus. Pausanias (vi. 3. $ 1)
ASSALECTUS, a Roman sculptor, whose name mentions a statue oi Chaereas, a Sicyonian pugilist,
is found upon an extant statue of Aesculapius by which was of his workmanship. (C. P. M. ]
him, of the merit of which Winckelmann (Gesch. d. ASTE’RIUS ('Artépios), a son of Anax and
K. viii. 4. & 5) speaks slightingly. [C. P. M. ] grandson of Ge. According to a Milesian legend,
ASSARACUS ('Aooápakos), a son of Tros he was buried in the small island of Lade, and
and Calirrhoë, the daughter of Scamander. He his body measured ten cubits in length. (Paus.
was king of Troy, and busband of Hieromneme, by i. 35. § 5, vii. 2. $ 3. ) There are four other my-
whom he became the father of Capys, the father of thical personages of this name, who are mentioned
Anchises. (Hom. Il. xx. 232, &c. ; Apollod. iii. in the following passages : Apollod. ii. 1. $ 4;
12. $ 2; Serv. ad Virg. Georg. iii. 35 ; Aen. viii. Apollon. Rhod. i. 176; Apollod. i. 9. $ 9; Hygin.
130. )
[L. S. ) Fab. 170.
[L. S. ]
ASSE’SIA ('Aconcía), a surname of Athena, ASTE’RIUS ('Agrépos), succeeded Eulalius as
derived from the town of Assesus in Ionia, where bishop of Amaseia in Pontus, in the latter part of
she had a temple. (Herod. i. 19. ) [L. S. ] the fourth century. He had been educated in his
ASSTEAS or ASTEAS, a painter, whose name youth by a Scythian slave. Several of his homilies
is found upon a
vase of his workmanship, dis- are still extant, and extracts from others, which
covered at Paestum, and now preserved in the have perished, have been preserved by Photius.
Royal Museum at Naples. (Winckelmann, Gesch. (Cod. 271. ) He belonged to the orthodox party
d. K. ii. Anm. 778. )
[C. P. M. ] in the Arian controversy, and seems to have lived
A'STACUS ('Aotakos). 1. A son of Poseidon to a great age.
and the nymph Olbia, from whom the town of As- Fabricius (Bill. Graec. ix. p. 519, &c. ) gives a
tacus in Bithynia, which was afterwards called list of 25 other persons of this name, many of
Nicomedeia, derived its name. (Arrian. ap. Steph. whom were dignitaries of the church, and lived
Byz. s. r. ; Paus. v. 12. & 5; Strab. xii. p. 563. ) about the end of the fourth or the beginning of the
2. The father of Ismarus, Leades, Asphodicus, fifth century. Among them we may notice As-
and Melanippus, whence Ovid calls the lasi of terius, a Cappadocian, who embraced Christianity,
these heroes Astacides. (Apollod. iii. 6. § 8; , but apostatized in the persecution under Diocletian
Ovid, luis, 515. )
[L, S. ] and Maximian (about A. D. 304). He subse-
## p. 389 (#409) ############################################
ASTRATEIA.
389
ASTYAGES.
quently returned to the Christian faith, and joined | mis, under which she had a temple near Pyrrhich 18
the Arian party, but on account of his apostasy in Laconin, because she was believed to have stopped
was excluded from the dignity of bishop to which there the progress of the Amazons. (Paus. iii. 25.
he aspired. He was the author of several theolo- $ 2. )
(L. S. ]
gical works. There was also an Asterius of Scy- ASTY'AGES ('Aotváyns), king of Media,
thopolis, whom St. Jerome (Epist. 83, ad Magnum (called by Ctesias 'Aotviyas, and by Diodorus
Orat. ) mentions as one of the most celebrated eccle l'Actádas), was the son and successor of Cyaxares.
siastical writers.
[C. P. M. ) The accounts of this king given by Herodotus,
ASTERIUS, TURCIUS RUFUS APRONI. Ctesias, and Xenophon, differ in several important
A'NUS, was consul A. D. 494, devoted himself to particulars. We learn from Herodotus (i. 74), that
literary pursuits, and emended a MS. of Sedulius, in the compact made between Cyaxares and Aly-
and one of Virgil, on which he wrote an epigram. attes in B. c. 610, it was agreed that Astyages
(Anth. Lat. No. 281, ed. Meyer. ) [C. P. M. ] should marry Aryenis, the daughter of Alyattes.
ASTERODIA. (ENDYMION. )
According to the chronology of Herodotus, he suc-
ASTEROPAEUS ('Aotepowałos), a son of Pe ceeded his father in B. C. 595, and reigned 35
legon, and grandson of the river-god Axius, was years. (i. 130. ) His government was harsh. (i.
the commander of the Paeonians in the Trojan | 123. ) Alarmed by a dream, he gave his daughter
war, and an ally of the Trojans. He was the Mandane in marriage to Cambyses, a Persian of
tallest among all the inen, and fought with Achilles, good family. (i. 107. ) Another dream induced
whom he at first wounded, but was afterwards him to send Harpagus to destroy the offspring of
killed by him. (Hom. Il. xxi. 139, &c. ; Philostr. this marriage.
