No More Learning

and æsthetic merit.
Jakob (Gustave), L'ILLUSION ET LA DÉS-
Its
13 The Choice, and Other Poems, by Mrs.
musical articles are better done and better
LE ROMAN RÉALISTE
FRANÇAIS.
informed than its literature, which is
Victor Cainpbell, 2/6 net.
Lynwood
Paris, Jouve
mediocre, and its verse, which is bad. The
M. Jakob makes a valuable contribution to
History and Biography.
most interesting contribution is Signor
the study of the transitional period between 14 An Injured Queen : Caroline of Brunswick,
Hutchinson
Marinetti's 'Le Futurisme Pictural. The Romanticism and Naturalism in France. by Lewis Melville, 3 vols. , 24/ net.
paper as a whole has no particular point of
His book is an attempt to apply the results
Folk-lore.
view.
of modern psychology to literature. Essays The Folk. lore of Herefordshire, collected by Mrs.
Villiers (Brougham), MODERN DEMOCRACY:
of this nature are still rare, for psychologists Leather, with Introduction by E. Sidney Hartland,
have concentrated rather on the sources of 21/ net.
Sidgwick & Jackson
A STUDY IN TENDENCIES, 7/6 net.
Education.
Fisher Unwin literary inspiration than on actual literary
A book which should be the means of production. The difficulties of such a study | E. Hodgson, D. Litt. , 3/6
Rationalist English Educators, by Geraldine
S. P. C. K.
crystallizing a good deal of vague thinking.
are evident, for certain psychological ques-
tions are still the battle-ground of con-
School-Books.
Pampblets.
troversy. M. Jakob, avoiding contentious 16 Sir Guy of Warwick, 1/8
Harrap
Sinclair (May), FEMINISM, 3d.
matter, gives us what is really an admirable JUNE
1
book. The motive of illusion and dis-
Alternative Extracts for Composition in
Women Writers' Suffrage League illusion has been treated in the period 1851-
French for Middle and Senior Classes, compiled
This is one of the many refutations which 1890, and the author limits himself to the
and edited by J. E. Mansion, with Vocabulary,
1/6
Harrap
a recent attack by a man of science on exposition of the works of five contemporary
the Feminist movement has brought forth authors—the Goncourts, Flaubert, Daudet, lary, by E. Hugelshofer, 1/6
1 Das Nibelungenlied, by Dr. Vilmar, edited,
with Introduction, Notes, Exercises, and Vocabu-
in abundance.
Harrap
and Maupassant. Basing his thesis
Wihl (Oscar M. ), ELECTORAL REFORM, 6d.
Taine's theory of knowledge, he shows that May
Science.
P. S. King reality is only a true hallucination that 16 Man and the Universe, by Sir Oliver Lodge,
An able little pamphlet, lucidly setting is to say, what is commonly called the New Edition, 1/ net.
Methuen
forth the anomalies of our present electoral realism of a novel is, to a great extent,
Chemical Research in its Bearings on National
system, and suggesting drastic alterations, only reality seen through the disillusion of
Welfare, incorporating a Lecture delivered by
not only in the matter of proportionate the principal character of a book. Such is
Prof. Emil Fischer in Berlin, Jan. 11, 1910,
Romance of Science Series, 1/6
S. P. C. K.
representation, but also in the conduct of the case in 'Don Quixote,' or in ‘L'Educa-
elections themselves. The author suggests tion Sentimentale. French realism is the
Juvenile Literature.
that the age limit should be raised to twenty- artistic expression of a revaluation of ro-
Log-House by the Lake: a Tale of Canada,
five, and that women should gradually be mantic illusions, and this revaluation was
by W. H. G. Kingston, New Edition, 1/
S. P. C. K.
admitted to the franchise, a start being made to great extent occasioned by the Arthur; or, The Chorister's Rest, New Edi-
by giving a vote to those over thirty-five. political events of 1851 and 1871, producing tion, 11
S. P. C. K.
He adds slyly that there would be few first spontaneous, and afterwards voluntary,
Fiction.
fraudulent applications.
attention on the part of the nation, menaced 13 A Cluster of Shamrocks, by Edmund
Burke, 6/
socially and politically.
FOREIGN.
Lynwood
The plan of the book and the choice of
14 Seymour Charlton, by W. B. Maxwell,
Education.
New Edition, Sevenpenny Library. Hutchinson
citation are equally excellent, and M. Jakob
15 Sevenpenny Novels : The Bondman, by
Zeitschrift für Geschichte der Erziehung is illuminating in his treatment of Flaubert. Hall Caine ; The Ebb Tide, by R. L. Stevenson
und des Unterrichts, Vol. I. Parts I. -IV. , Madame Bovary' is a striking example and Lloyd Osbourne: The Call of the Wild, by
8m. yearly.
Berlin, Weidmann of illusion, and its consequent indirect
Jack London ; Soldiers of Fortune, by R. H.
Davis.
Heinemann
This eriodical is a continuation, and realism is analyzed in a clear and convincing
16 Zorah, by " Taj,” 6/
Methuen
extension, of the Mitteilungen der Gesell- manner.
17 The Novels of Maurice Hewlett: New Can-
schaft für deutsche Erziehungs- und Schul. In the light of the author's theory terbury Tales, and Halfway House, 2/ net each.
geschichte, which has been published for the somewhat abrupt termination of the
Macmillan
twenty years, and has long been more than a realist movement becomes explicable :
20 Crowns, by Winifred M. Macnab, 61
Lynwood
mere report of the proceedings of the society. certain beliefs once relinquished, the æs-
24 Under the She-Oaks, by E. Boyd Bayly,
Appearing now in new guise, the thetic effect of their destruction was ex- Leisure Hour Library, 6d.
R. T. S.
journal will be open to the discussion of hausted, and with the reabsorption of the 25 A Black Martinmas, by Mrs. Disney Leith,
any educational question of general or element of illusion, disillusion found no
Lynwood
JUNE
typical interest, belonging to any country effective standing ground.
The Heritage of the White Rose, an Historical
or any age, but so far as concerns questions It is to be regretted that M. Jakob has
Romance, by Edith 0. Browne, 6/ Lynwood
of merely local or national interest will be found no place for Zola in his study, for in Corn in Egypt, by Edgar Newton Bungey, 6/
restricted to Germany.
spite of Zola's faulty and unconvincing
Lynwood
The first article is Dr. Barth's study of the psychology, there is much that would have
The Sentence of the Judge, by Hilaré Edith
Lynwood
relation between Montaigne's theory of further illuminated the author's contention.
Barlow, 61
Amongst the Classes, by Albert Althouse, 6/
education and his general philosophy. His The theory of illusion and disillusion
Lynwood
philosophy, which disparaged pure reason, further permits us to explain the lack of a Rosamond, by F. Hope, 6/.
Lynwood
concerned itself most with practical—that realistic movement in German literature The Common Problem, by Rachel King, 6/
is ethical-questions, and with pædagogy before 1885. Disillusion, instead of cloth-
Lynwood
MAY
General.
largely as a branch of practical ethics. In ing itself in the artistic garb of realism, finds
an easy and luminous style Dr. Barth shows its reaction in pessimism, as notably in the
16 Great Analysis, a Plea for a Rational World-
Order, with an Introduction by Gilbert Murray,
a lso how Montaigne's scepticism and stoicism, case of Schopenhauer.
2/6 net.
Nethuen
on
8
a
B/


## p. 536 (#406) ############################################

536
THE ATHENÆUM
No. 4411, May 11, 1912
6
>
6
due on
had notable residents goes on steadily. A THE REV. E. D. STONE, who was
stone tablet has been affixed to No. 28, formerly a master at Eton, has compiled
Literary Gossip . Finchley Road, N. W. , to commemorate a volume of selections from the writings
the residence of Thomas Hood, who of the late Dr. Herbert Kynaston. The
THE celebration of the Browning Cen- lived there from 1843 until his death two book, which will be entitled 'Herbert
tenary at Westminster Abbey on Tuesday | years later; and a bronze tablet has been Kynaston : a Short Memoir ; with
afternoon last was impressive. Sir Hubert affixed to No. 32, Craven Street, Strand, Selections from his Occasional Writings,'
Parry's setting of some lines from 'Saul' where Heine lived for a few months in will be published by Messrs. Macmillan
as a bass solo was fine; and the music, 1827. The cost of the latter tablet is & Co.
to words of Mrs. Browning, composed by being borne by subscriptions obtained by
Sir Frederick Bridge for Browning's Mr. R. B. Marston.
THE PRINCESS OF CLEVES,' by Madame
funeral, was happily revived, and rendered
de la Fayette a lively romance of the
in a style worthy of its beauty.
THE COUNCIL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF Court of Henri II. —is a book to be issued
LEEDS, having decided to develope the by Messrs. Harper in one volume, with
The papers read afterwards revealed no
striking novelty, which, indeed, is hardly to Mr. L. Rodwell Jones as Assistant Lecturer France, in an interesting Preface, refers
teaching of geography, have appointed etchings and other illustrations. Anatole
be expected at this date. Verses by Canon in Geography in the Department of Eco- to the work as a classic, and classes the
Rawnsley are a familiar feature of these
nomics.
author with Molière and Racine. Hitherto
occasions. Two speakers suggested that
Browning should be read aloud in order MR. J. W. OZANNE, the chief Paris it has been available only in an édition de
luxe.
to simplify difficulties-a view we have correspondent of The Daily Telegraph, is
heard contested more than once.
MESSRS. HORACE MARSHALL & Son
“ Brown leaving the city after thirty-three years'
ing thought in shorthand,” said the chair- residence. His departure will be regretted will publish immediately The Journal of
English Studies. Appearing three times
man, Lord Crewe, quoting Aubrey de by many friends.
Vere.
a year, in May, September, and January,
The Cambridge Review of this week notes it will be mainly concerned with the
The Committee of sympathizers were the lively interest of University scholars study of English in schools and uni-
presented by the poet's publishers, Messrs. in the study of early Greek religion. versities, but will also contain articles of
Smith & Elder, with a neat little book Recently we had Miss Harrison's remark- a general character. In the first number,
containing their names and the addresses able • Themis,' and in the near future we
the 20th inst. , contributions
delivered.
may expect books by Mr. A. B. Cook from Mr. William Archer, Mr. J. M.
On the same afternoon two interesting and Mr. F. M. Cornford, as well as further Robertson, M. P. , and Mr. Thomas Sec-
discourses were delivered before the Aca- researches from the original and always combe will appear.
demic Committee of the Royal Society stimulating pen of Prof. Ridgeway,
WE regret to learn that the distinguished
of Literature at Caxton Hall. Sir A. W.
THE Revue Historique for this month Swedish author and dramatist, August
Pinero, a craftsman of long experience in contains a well-deserved tribute to Prof. Strindberg, is at present lying seriously ill
the drama, dealt faithfully with Browning Gabriel Monod, the admirable French in Stockholm.
as a Dramatist. ' The poet's failure was
historian, who died on April 10th. The
both technical and psychological. He founder of the Revue and its busy editor Bishop of Truro, who died on Saturday
DR. CHARLES WILLIAM STUBBS, the
suffered from inability to make his story for a long term of years, he was a dis- night last in his sixty-seventh year, was
clear to his audience, also from a “ser- tinguished teacher and writer of history. a Auent and
pentine discursiveness. "
agreeable writer. His
Jules Michelet: Études sur sa Vie et numerous books and sermons on questions
In The Novel in “The Ring and the ses Euvres' attests one great enthusiasm of democracy and labour are regarded as
Book " " Mr. Henry James had a subject of his career, but he was too scientific the best expositions of Christian Social-
which suited his fine powers of analysis, in his methods to follow any one master. ism. An accomplished writer of verse,
and gave a remarkable appreciation of Director at the École des Hautes-Études he devoted his Hulsean Lectures in 1904–5
Browning's unique treatment of the theme
from 1868 to 1905, he won the respect to 'The Christ of English Poetry. His
an unprecedented scale. We look
and affection of his pupils as much by his Cambridge and its Story' is a capable
forward to reading in a worthy form his sincerity and goodness as by his learning. monograph, and his Handbook to Ely
subtle and delicately worded address.
MESSRS. MACMILLAN & Co. will publish years, deserved its success.
Cathedral,' where he was Dean for several
At the Victoria and Albert Museum a
small collection of original manuscripts shortly a monograph, by Col. J. Shake-
FROM California, by private cable,
and early editions of Browning is on show, spear, of interest to students of anthro-
comes news of the death of Mr. Robert
occupying two cases in Room 108. The pology, entitled The Lushei Clans. ' Cameron Rogers, the writer of many
exhibits are part of the Forster Bequest. The work forms one of a series, of which excellent verses, and of one very popular
a volume on The Kacháris,' by the piece The Rosary'-made everywhere
and testify to Browning's regard for his
& "
'
“ early Understander. ” With the books Rev. Sidney Endle, and another
The Nāga Tribes of Manipur,' by T. c. Nevin. A keen sportsman, he loved the
are exhibited a portrait of Browning by
on familiar by the setting of Ethelbert
Legros, and some photographs, including Hodson, have already appeared. Col. region round about Santa Barbara, where
,
,
Shakespear has avoided enunciating any also he had ties as the proprietor of a
another fine portrait by Mrs. Cameron.
theories or making deductions, con-
EXETER COLLEGE, OXFORD, has ap- sidering it wiser to limit himself to as traveller, and had troops of friends in
;
but he was
pointed Mr. A. M. Hocart, late Open accurate a description as possible of the England, to hear now with grief that
, in the
Scholar,
to a Senior Studentship, tenable people, their habits, customs, and beliefs. England, to hear now with grief that, in the
for two years, in order that he may
under-
prime of life, he has died after undergoing
take anthropological research in Fiji and The same publishers have nearly a particularly severe operation.
the neighbouring region. Mr. Hocart has ready Principles and Methods of Muni-
CAPT. LIONEL JAMES TROTTER, who
already taken part in fieldwork with Dr. cipal Trading,' by Mr. Douglas Knoop: died on Sunday last in his eighty-fifth
Rivers in the Solomon Islands, and has He has attempted to study municipal year, served from 1847
to 1862 in India,
since resided in Fiji, where he has acquired trading at work, and devoted consider and turned his experiences to account in
a knowledge of the native dialect.
able space to an examination of the several biographies of Indian soldiers and
At a meeting of the Committee on
policies and methods commonly adopted statesmen. His Life of John Nicholson
Monday last, Principal H. B. Workman, by local authorities in their trading under-is,
perhaps, his best-known book, but not
was unanimously elected a member of the takings. He has further considered the equal to his biographies of Warren
Committee of the London Library.
various reasons which appear to have led Hastings, Dalhousie, and Lord Auckland,
The London County Council's work of and given a good deal of attention to edition in 1899. He was for some years
to a development of municipal trading, His History of India' reached a third
indicating houses in London which have the financial aspects of the problem.
a contributor to our columns. , . '.
6
on
6
6
a frequent
>


## p. 537 (#407) ############################################

No. 4411, May 11, 1912
THE ATHENÆUM
537
order," "
as
66
9
an
It
separate propositions (something like
10,000) cannot fail to strike the reader. NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS.
Paradoxical as it may seem, the greater
SCIENCE
(Notice in these columns does not preclude longer
the number of propositions the better, roviow. )
provided that none of them can be shown
to be superfluous; and here the onus
Armstrong (John), THE MOTOR, an Interest-
ing Practical Work of Original Informa-
Principia Mathematica. By_Alfred North cerned with the analysis of certain con-
probandi is on the critic. We are con-
tion and Reference for Owners and
Whitehead and Bertrand Russell. Vols. cepts such as “ number,"
Makers of Motor-Cars, 10/6 net.
mag-
Stanley Paul
I. and II. (Cambridge University Press. ) nitude," and so on, and every step which Mr. Armstrong has written a most inter-
A FRENCH lady, shown a phonetic resolves them into complexes of really esting book on motors. He has avoided
transcript of a familiar passage in her simpler concepts is a scientific gain. technical terms, so that the layman can
native tongue, looked at it with bewilder Practically the whole of this work is follow his reasoning and explanations. The
ment, and then timidly guessed that it based upon the chain—“if a, then 6," book deals with construction, showing how
might be Breton or possibly
Welsh. Even if b, then c;" and so on, with the fewest the earlier models. Mr. Armstrong seems to
a trained mathematician, for a similar and most fundamental a's. Intuition, have
had intimate experience in motor
reason, might be equally puzzled by the of all things, is to be distrusted ; most manufacture since the beginning of the
two and two is four
people take
present work. The fact is that new
industry, and his views on the modern
notions require for their expression new
one of the most certain and obvious of developments of the petrol electric car and
two has two arith-alcohol fuel will repay perusal.
notations, in some form or other; and truths, whereas
modern research, in dealing with the metical meanings, and“ four” is a complex Bryce (Alexander), THE LAWS OF LIFE AND
concept derived from
two
elements of mathematics, has invented a
and
many HEALTH.
Melrose
new calculus, which may prove as lasting
other matters.
This
Another illustration is afforded by which will be of great service to the
is
excellent little book
as that of Leibnitz or Newton. At any
rate, the facts which it embodies are of the the authors' attitude towards what is public as well as to the medical man.
highest importance, and some of them, known as the Zermelo axiom. One form
is very well up to date, and is clearly ex-
at least, every scientific thinker ought to of this is “ If we have a class of classes, pressed. Prof. Karl Pearson's views on
appreciate. For two hundred years or so
then a class can be formed by taking one heredity are not so generally accepted by
the medical profession as Dr. Bryce imagines.
mathematicians dealt with a vague in member from each of them. ” This seems
finity and an equally vague zero; they obvious enough ; but consider, for in- In fact, it is doubtful how far our judgment
are now acquainted with just two pre- stance, the class of colours and the class should be influenced by the mathematical
.
cisely defined infinite cardinal numbers, of sounds : can we derive from them a
and are eagerly searching to see if they class of one colour and one sound ? Duchêne (Capt. ), THE MECHANICS OF THE
AEROPLANE : A STUDY OF THE PRIN-
can find any more. Corresponding to the In order to do so, there must be a common
CIPLES OF FLIGHT, translated from the
first of these, they have an unlimited property of a colour and a sound which
French by John H. Ledeboer and T. O'B.
set of ordinal numbers, the simplest of will serve as a class-property uniting them.
Hubbard, 7/6 net.
Longmans
which is typified by the natural scale As it happens, physics supplies the possi-
This book gained the Monthyon prize
1, 2, 3, &c. , ad infinitum ; the second has bility of such a relation sound and of the Academy of Sciences in 1911.
all sorts of apparently paradoxical qualities, colour are both associated with frequencies view of the intricacies of the subject, the
being the number of points on the contour of vibration, and any one-one relation author deserves commendation for pre-
of any circle, and also the number of between frequencies will give us a relation senting his arguments in a simple and
points within that contour, and so on.
between a colour and a sound. But do readily comprehensible manner.
In fact, the first chapters of a sort of any two classes supply a correlation of this lators have done their work well, and the
volume contains numerous explanatory dia-
transcendental arithmetic have been sort? And if they do not, how can we
written.
deduce a selected class, such as the grams and a mathematical appendix.
Zermelo axiom requires ? Our authors Edridge-Green (F. W. ), DICHROMATISCHES.
Besides this, one effect of Cantor's refrain from giving an opinion upon this SEHEN.
Bonn, Hager
great discoveries has been to concentrate
very troublesome question. Metaphysic-
attention upon the logical foundations of ally, either all things are one, or any set forth in German the results of Dr.
In this highly interesting monograph are:
ordinary arithmetic (and, indeed, of two things must be in some sort of relation Edridge-Green's work on colour-blindness,
mathematics in general). It has been (e. g. difference); the question seems to be and, in particular, on dichromatic vision,
realized that the study of numbers properly whether every relation can be made a i. e. , the ability
to see no more than two
follows that of aggregates, or classes, and class-property.
colours besides white. These have already
this brings us to the borderland of logic.
been contributed to different societies in
Admirable as the notation is in many England, and embodied in the author's
Reversing the order, Messrs. White-
ways, it is a pity that it hides so much book on
head and Russell begin with a treatise from the ordinary reader. Perhaps this Perception. In his opinion dichromatic vision
'Colour-Blindness and Colour-
on formal logic; thence they proceed to is inevitable, but it would be a great thing is essentially a reversion to an earlier stage
the calculus of classes and relations ; to have the gist of these recent discoveries of phylogenetic development, in which two
to cardinal arithmetic ;
arithmetic;
and then 'to series, the put into words, even at the cost of diffuse-colours only were perceived-these, he is.
sections on which conclude their second effect upon science and philosophy would dichromatic persons differ, among them-
ness and condensed analysis, because the convinced, are red and violet. He shows
by many tabulated examples how widely
volume. The main results they reach are
the definitions of arithmetical addition, instance, the authors' Introduction points of colour, in perception of light and shade,
undoubtedly be felt in many ways. For selves in power to distinguish between tones
multiplication, and raising to powers in a out clearly a source of many fallacies, and as to the extent of the monochromatic
way which does not assume that the the attempt to define a thing in terms of trait in the spectrum.
numbers concerned are finite; the defini-
tion of the simplest transfinite cardinal | the proper use of the principles of induc-
itself—and the whole work is a lesson on
Geological Survey of India, Memoirs, Vol.
as the class of those classes which can be tion and deduction. Finally, it empha-
XXXVI. Part III. , 2/8
arranged as progressions (or, in other sizes the duty of every scientific writer,
Calcutta, Geological Survey of India
words, the class of countable aggregates); whatever his subject? that of clearly Ziwet (Alexander) and Field (Peter), INTRO-
and the deduction of the properties of this explaining, so far as that is possible,
DUCTION TO ANALYTICAL MECHANICS,
transfinite number.
7/ net.
Macmillan
what are his undefinable terms.
Technical criticism would be out of certain sense these are the data of every entirely theoretical for any but the advanced
A thorough work, although, perhaps, too
place here, and we shall content ourselves scientific theory, and the fewer they are, students of English schools. Friction, for
with a few more general remarks. In the more complete the theory may be example, receives the comparatively soanty
the first place, the enormous number of said to be.
treatment of four pages.
The trans-
In a


## p. 538 (#408) ############################################

538
No. 4411, May 11, 1912
THE ATHENÆUM
DOMUS
SOCIETIES.
The General Secretary placed before the origin of that theocratic system, on what influence
meeting a summary of bis recent investigation of over human nature it rested for its power, what
SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES. —May 2. -Dr. C. H. the Linnean Herbarium. He stated that a full was the character of the social system and eco-
Read, President, in the chair. -Prof. Haverfield, catalogue of its contents had long been desired, nomic relations between the god and his tenantry
V. -P. , read his Annual Report on the last year's but difficulties have stood in the way of a complete which it established, we desired to know, and
work at Corbridge. After giving a short retro- catalogue. The present list was on a modest were gradually learning. Except beside the
spect of the results obtained in the past five years, scale, and only aimed at indicating which of the Ægean coast, where the great sanctuaries were
the striking masonry and buildings, the lion and Linnean types are represented in the Herbarium affected by a veneer of Hellenic manners, there
other remarkable sculptures, the pottery, coins, verified by himself, and these will be shown in the is no case where we could point to the exact site
&c. , and after pointing out that the site differed list by special type. This will probably obviate of any of the greatest sanctuaries, except at
entirely from any other in the North of England, muchº correspondence, and many useless refer- Antioch, the Phrygian city towards Pisidia,
he described the principal results gained in 1911 : ences in search of species not contained in the where (as described in The Athenæum of Aug. 12,
(1) the inferior houses, yards, furnaces, &c. , Herbarium. It is hoped that the Index may 1911) the hieron of Mên Askaënos was discovered
which filled the western part of Corstopitum, and be printed by the autumn of the present year. It recently. As Strabo says, it lies apòs 'Avrloxéra,
the objects of interest found among them—a was found in the course of investigation that Sir towards or over against Antioch, on a mountain
curious
carved slab of probably funeral character, J. E. Smith had transferred no fewer than 110 peak. The appearance of the site was described :
the tombstone of the Palmyrene soldier Barates species to genera other than those assigned to them the great altar, the temenos, the dedicatory in-
(already known from South Shields), and the by Linné; these have now been restored to their scriptions, the sacred spring,'the theatre (? ), and
large board of 159 gold coins ; (2) the further original position. Three signs which had been the church built out of the stones of the altar and
examination of the so-called " forum," probably a puzzle to botanists since the days of the younger of the temenos wall. The difficulty of the ques-
a storehouse, but never completed; and (3) the Linné have been interpreted ; and another dis- tions connected with the nature of the god Mên
collection of inscriptions and sculptures, mostly covery shows that Linné had catalogued his plants
was described, and the possibility of his being a
destroyed by fire or weather, which were found as late as 1767, making three enumerations. Still foreign deity intruded into a native Anatolian
in the ballast of the latest stratum of the main another interesting find was that the insects and religion was indicated : the two forms in which
road through Corstopitum. In conclusion, he shells were marked off in copies of the tenth edi- he is represented, a standing figure (especially at
directed attention to some points connected with tion of the ‘Systema,' 1759, and the twelfth Antioch) and a horseman, point to two totally
the gold board, and also to the large ingot of iron edition, 1767. A short series of slides in illustra- different conceptions.
found in 1909, and recently studied afresh by tion closed the exhibition.
On these and many other questions it is to be
Sir Hugh Bell and Mr. J. E. Stead. This ingot
hoped that the excavations to be undertaken this
had been built up of small iron blooms, smelted
summer may throw some light. The amount of
separately and welded one on to another. Ap-
parently the process had not been completed
soil to be removed is in parts very slight, in other
SOCIETY OF BIBLICAL ARCHÆOLOGY. —May 8.
when the ingot was abandoned, and the purpose
--Mr. W. H. Rylands, V. -P. , in the chair. —Mr: places considerable. Only where there is a
sufficient depth of soil can discoveries be looked
of the iron mass is by no means clear.
F. Legge read a paper on The Lion-Headed God
for.
Mr. W. A. Littledale exhibited impressions of
of the Mithraic Mysteries,' in which he described
The lecturer discussed the meaning and ety-
the hitherto unrecorded seal of the Priory of Mithras as the God of the Celestial Light, en-
Ellerton-on-Swale in the North Riding of York- throned above the firmament, and the Demiurge mology of the word Askaënos, and drew attention
to the words δάος and τεκμoρεύω, used in the
shire. The seal is circular, with a representation and fashioner of all terrestrial things. He
inscriptions of the associations connected with
of the Agnus Dei and the inscription s. COM'UNE showed that in the Mithræa the statue of a
the shrine of the god ; TEK MOPEÚw was
a verb
D'ELLERTON. It is of approximately monstrous figure, having the body of a man,
thirteenth-century date.
with four wings, the head of a lion, and the feet coined from the Homeric rékuwp, and daos was
Mr. H. Clifford Smith exhibited a fine cupboard of a reptile, and a serpent coiled round the body also an Homeric word.
of late fifteenth-century date. It is of English and legs, was kept in a closed niche or recess, The lecture concluded with a sketch of the
work, and was recently procured from a farm.
and exhibited on occasions through a kind of final struggle between the allied paganism and
house in Shropshire for the Victoria and Albert peephole. This figure M. Cumont, the great Imperial power on the one hand, and the Christians
Museum.
authority, on Mithraism, has declared to be on the other, which resulted in the destruction of
Zervan akerene, or Boundless Time, whom he the pagan sanctuary. In this connexion Sir
LINNEAN. —May 2. -Dr. D. H. Scott, President,
makes to be the supreme god of the system and William Ramsay pointed out the significance of
in the chair. -The first paper was by Miss T. L.
the father of both Ormuzd and Ahriman. Mr.