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i. $ 20. )
son of Anaxandrides, set forth from the Libyan Droysen considers this Philip to have been
coast, on his Sicilian expedition, Philippus accom- the father of Antigonus, the king of Asia. (Hel.
panied him with a galley, equipped and manned at lenism. vol. i. p. 43. not. ) It is certain at least
his own expence, and was slain in Sicily in a that they were both of the race of the princes of
battle with the Carthaginians and Egestaeans. He Elymiotis.
was the finest man of his time, and a conqueror at 7. Son of Menelaus, a Macedonian officer who
Olympia ; by virtue of which qualifications the held the command of the Thessalian cavalry, and
Egestaeans worshipped him after his death as a that of the other Greek auxiliaries in the service of
hero. (Herod. v. 47; comp. above, Vol. I. p. Alexander. We find him mentioned as holding
1066, b. )
this post, and rendering important services both at
2. Son of Alexander I. of Macedonia, and the battles of the Granicus and Arbela ; and although
brother of Perdiccas II. , against whom he rebelled the greater part of the Thessalian horse were suf-
in conjunction with Derdas. The rebels were aided fered to return to Greece, he continued to accom-
by the Athenians, in consequence of which Per- pany Alexander with the remainder, and is again
diccas instigated Potidaea, as well as the Chalci- mentioned during the advance into Bactria (Arr.
dians and Bottiaeans, to revolt from Athens. Anab. i. 15. $ 4, iii. 11. § 15, 25. $ 6; Curt. iv.
When the Athenian generals arrived, Philip acted 13. $ 29, vi. 6. $ 35. )
with them in the campaign of B. C. 432. He seems 8. Son of Balacrus, an officer in the service of
to have died before B. C: 429, in which year we find his Alexander who commanded one taxis or division
son Amyntas contesting the throne with Perdiccas, of the phalanx at the battle of Arbela. (Diod.
and aided in his attempt by Sitalces, king of the xvii. 57. ) This is the only time his patronymie
Odrysian Thracians. (Thuc. i. 57, &c. ii. 95, 100. ) is mentioned ; but there can be little doubt that he
[See above, Vol. I. p. 154, b. ; and comp. Clint. is the same person who held a similar command at
F. H. vol. ii. p. 225, where a different account is the passage of the Granicus, three years before.
given of Amyntas. )
(Arr. Anab. i. 14. & 5. ) It is also not improbable
3. A Lacedaemonian, was sent by the Pelopon- that he is the same with the following.
nesians to Aspendus, in B. C. 411, with two gallies, 9. Satrap of Sogdiana, to which government he
to take charge of the Phoenician fleet, which Tis- was first appointed by Alexander himself in B. C.
saphernes had promised them. But Philippus 327. He retained his post, as did most of the
sent notice from Aspendus to Mindarus, the Spartan satraps of the more remote provinces, in the arrange-
admiral, that no confidence was to be placed in Tis- ments which followed the death of the king (B. C.
saphernes ; and the Peloponnesian fleet accordingly 323); but in the subsequent partition at Tripara-
quitted Miletus and sailed to the Hellespont, deisus, B. c. 321, he was assigned the government of
whither Pharnabazus had invited them. (Thuc. Parthia instead. (Dexipp. ap. Phot. p. 64, b. ;
viii. 87, 99. )
Arrian. ib. p. 71. b. ; Diod. xviii. 3, 39. ) Here
4. A Theban, was one of the members of the he remained until 318, when Python, who was
oligarchical government established at Thebes after then seeking to establish his power over all the
the seizure of the Cadmeia by Phoebidas in B. C. provinces of the East, made himself master of
382. In B. C. 379, on the night when Pelopidas Parthia, and put Philip to death. (Diod. xix. 14. )
and his fellow-exiles carried their enterprise for the 10. A Macedonian officer, who was left by Alex-
overthrow of the tyrants into effect, Philippus and ander the Great in command of the garrison at
Archias were slain by the conspirators at a banquet Peucelaotis, near the Indus. (Arr. Anab. iv. 28.
at the house of Phyllidas. (Xen. Hell. v. 4. $$ 2, $ 10. )
&c. ; comp. Plut Pel. 9, &c. de Gen. Soc. 24, 26, 11. One of the friends of Alexander the Great,
29, 32. )
[E. E. ] who was sent by him to consult the oracle of
5. Son of Amyntas, a Macedonian officer in the Ammon concerning the payment of divine honours
service of Alexander the Great, who commanded one to Hephaestion. (Diod. xvii. 115. )
of the divisions of the phalanx at the battle of the 12. A brother of Lysimachus (afterwards king of
Granicus. (Arr. Anab. i. 14. § 3. ) His name does Thrace) in the service of Alexander, who died of


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PHILIPPUS.
271
PHILIPPUS.
Latigue while accompanying the king in pursuit of | This disaster caused the praetor to turn the siege
the enemy, during the campaigns in India. (Justin. into a blockade ; and the arrival of ten Macedonian
xv. 3. )
ships, which made their way into the town with a
13. A Macedonian officer, who had served under strong reinforcement of troops, soon after compelled
Alexander throughout his campaigns (probably him to abandon the enterprize altogether. "(Liv.
therefore identical with some one of the preceding), xliv. 11, 12. )
and who in consequence as a man of age and expe- 22. A Macedonian, sent as ambassador by Per-
rience was one of the counsellors selected by Anti- seus to the Rhodians, shortly before the commence-
gonus to control and assist his son Demetrius dur- ment of the second Macedonian war, to try to
ing his first campaign, B. c. 314. (Diod. xix. 69. ) induce them to remain neutral during the impend-
He is perhaps the same person who is again men- ing contest. (Polyb. xxvii. 4. )
tioned in B. C. 302, as holding the citadel of Sardis 23. An Achaean, who, as belonging to the party
for Antigonus, when the rest of the city was be- favourable to the Romans, was one of those selected
trayed by Phoenix into the hands of Prepelaus, for the embassy of congratulation after the defeat
the general of Cassander. (Id. xx. 107. )
of Perseus, B. C. 168. (Polyb. xxx. 10. )
14. A Macedonian who commanded the right 24. Son of Alexander of Megalopolis. His
wing of the army of Eumenes in the battle at Ga- father's pretended descent from Alexander the
damarta, B. c. 316. (Diod. xix. 40. ) He is pro-Great appears to have filled him with the most
bably identical with some one of those above enu- puerile schemes of ambition. On the marriage of
merated, but with which it is impossible to say. his sister Apama with Amynander, king of Atha-
15. Son of Antipater, the regent of Macedonia, mania, Philip accompanied her, and contrived to
and brother of Cassander, by whom he was sent in obtain great influence over the mind of Amynander,
B. C. 313, with an army to invade Aetolia. But who gave him the government of Zacynthus, and
on his arrival in Acarnania the news that Aeacides, allowed him to direct in great measure the admi-
king of Epeirus, had recovered possession of his nistration of affairs.
When Antiochus came into
throne, induced him to turn his arms against that Greece (B. c. 192) he gained over Philip to his
monarch, whom he defeated in a pitched battle. interests by pretending to regard him as the right-
A eacides with the remnant of his forces having ful heir to the Macedonian throne, and even holding
afterwards joined the Aetolians, a second action out to him bopes of establishing him upon it; by
ensued, in which Philip was again victorious, and wbich means he obtained the adherence of Amynan-
Aeacides himself fell in the battle. The Aetolians der also. Philip was afterwards chosen by Antiochus
hereupon abandoned the open country, and took for the duty of burying the bones of the Macedo-
refuge in their mountain fastnesses. (Diod. xix. 74. ) nians and Greeks slain at Cynoscephalae, a measure
According to Justin (xii. 14) Philip had partici- by which he vainly hoped to conciliate popularity.
pated with his two brothers, Cassander and Iollas, He was next appointed to command the garrison
in the conspiracy for the murder of Alexander. at Pellinaeum, but was soon compelled to surrender
16. Father of Antigonus, king of Asia. (Arr. to the Romans, by whom he was sent a prisoner
Anub. i. 29. & 5; Justin. xiii. 4. See No. 2. ) to Rome. When first taken captive he accidentally
17. Son of Antigonus, king of Asia, was sent met Philip, the king of Macedonia, who in derision
by his father in B. c. 310, at the head of an army, greeted him with the royal title. (Liv. xxxv. 47,
to oppose the revolt of his general Phoenix, and to xxxvi. 8, 13, 14, 31; Appian. Syr. 13, 17. )
recover possession of the towns on the Hellespont 25. A brother of Perseus, king of Macedonia,
held by the latter. (Diod. xx. 19. ) He died in apparently a son of Philip by a subsequent mar-
B C. 306, just as Antigonus was setting out for his riage, as he was so much younger than his brother,
expedition against Egypt. (Id. xx. 73, where he that the latter adopted him as his son, and appears
is called Phoenix, though it appears certain that to have continued to regard him as the heir to his
Antigonus had only two sons, Demetrius and Philip. throne even after the birth of his own son Alexan-
See Droysen, Hellenism. vol. i. p. 465, note. ) der. Thus we find him holding the post of honour
18. A son of Lysimachus, king of Thrace, who next to the king on occasions of state ; and after
was put to death together with his elder brother the fatal battle of Pydna he was the constant com-
Lysimachus, by the usurper Ptolemy Ceraunus, panion of Perseus during his flight and the period
B. c. 281. (Justin. xxiv. 3. ) [LYSIMACH Us, Vol. II. of his refuge at Samothrace, and surrendered toge-
p. 867, a. )
ther with him to the Roman praetor Cn. Octavius.
19. An officer who held the citadel of Sicyon for He was led in triumph before the car of Aemilius
Ptolemy, king of Egypt, but surrendered it by Paulus, B. c. 167, and afterwards consigned to
capitulation to Demetrius Poliorcetes, B. C. 303. captivity at Alba, where he survived his adopted
(Diod. xx. 102. )
father but a short time. (Liv. xlii. 52, xliv. 45,
20. An Epeirot, who took a leading part in xlv. 6; Plut. Aemil. 33, 37; Zonar. ix. 24. ) Ac-
negotiating the treaty of peace concluded between cording to Polybius (Fr. Vat
. xxxvii. p. 447) he
Philip V. , king of Macedonia, and the Roman was only eighteen years old at the time of his
general P. Sempronius Tuditanus at Phoenice, in death.
Epeirus, B. c. 205. (Liv. xxix. 12. )
26. A friend and officer of Antiochus the Great,
21. A Macedonian officer, who commanded the who held the office of commander of the elephants
garrison of Cassandreia when that place was be- (magister elephantorum, a title of high rank at the
Bieged by the Roman praetor C. Marcius Figulus, court of Syria) under that monarch ; in which post
together with Eumenes, king of Pergamus, in the we find him mentioned both at the battle of Ra-
second Macedonian war, B. c. 169. The Romans phia, between Antiochus and Ptolemy Philopator,
succeeded by mining in opening an entrance through B. c. 217 (Polyb. v. 82), and again at the battle
the walls; but before they could take advantage of Magnesia against the Romans, B. c. 190. (Liv.
of it, Philip by a sudden sally threw their troops xxxvii
. 41 ; Appian. Syr. 33. ) As he is said by
into confusion, and made a great slaughter of them. Polybius to have been brought up with Antiochus


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272
PHILIPPUS.
PHILIPPUS.
]
he can scarcely on chronological grounds be the gularly imperfect, for the history of Herodian ends
same with the following.
with the death of Balbinus and Pupienus, and the
27. One of the friends and ministers of Antio Augustan history here presents a blank, indicate
chus Epiphanes, king of Syria, who was appointed that the emperor was employed for two or three years
by him on his death bed (B. C. 164) to be the in prosecuting a successful war against the Carpi, a
guardian of his son Antiochus V. He returned Scythian or Gothic tribe, bordering on the Lower
to Syria, bearing with him the signet ring of the Danube, thus gaining for himself and son the titles of
deceased monarch, and assumed the government Germanicus Maximus and Caspicus Marimus, which
during the absence of the young king and Lysias appear on coins and public monuments. In 218,
(who had been previously appointed regent) in rebellions, headed by lotapinus and Marinus [lo-
Judaen. But on receiving the intelligence Lysias TAPINUS ; MARINUS), broke out simultaneously in
hastened to make peace with Judas Maccabaeus, the East and in Moesia. Both pretenders speedily
and returned to oppose Philip, whom he defeated perished, but Decius (DECIC's) having been des-
and put to death. (Joseph. Ant. xii. 9. $S 2, patched to recall the legions on the Danube to their
6, 7. )
(E. H. B. ) duty, was himself forcibly invested with the purple
PHILIPPUS, an architect, entitled marimus by the troops, and compelled by them to march
on his epitaph, which was found at Nimes. Whether upon Italy. Philippus having gone forth to en-
he was the architect of any of the great Roman connter his rival, was slain near Verona either in
works which still adorn that city, such as the battle (Aur. Vict. de Caes. xxviii. ; Zosim. i. 23)
Maison carrée and the amphitheatre, is a matter of or by his own soldiers (Aur. Vict. Epit. xxviii. ;
pure conjecture. (Gruter, p. dcxxiii. 5. ) (P. S. ) Eutrop. ix. 3); and althongh it does not appear that
PHILIPPUS, AURE’LIUS, the teacher of he had rendered himself odious by any tyrannical
Alexander Severus, afterwards wrote the life of abuse of power, yet the recollection of the foul arts
this emperor. (Lamprid. Aler. Ser. 3. )
by which he had accomplished the ruin of his much
PHILIPPUS (PATTOS), son of HEROD the loved predecessor, caused his downfal to be hailed
Great, king of Judaea, by his wife Cleopatra, was with delight. If we can trust the Alexandrian
appointed by his father's will tetrarch of the dis- chronicle, he was only forty-five years old at the
tricts of Gaulonitis, Trachonitis, and Batanaea, the period of his death.
sovereignty of which was confirmed to him by the The great domestic event of the reign was the
decision of Augustus. He continued to reign over exhibition of the secular games, which were cele
the dominions thus entrusted to his charge for the brated with even more than the ordinary degree of
space of thirty-seven years (8. c. 4 – A. D. 34), a enthusiasm and splendour, since the imperial city
period of uniform tranquillity, during wliich his had now, according to the received tradition, at-
mild and equitable rule made him universally be tained the thousandth year of her existence. The
loved by his subjects. He founded the city of disputes and mistakes of chronologers with regard
Caesareia, surnamed Paneas, but more commonly to the epoch in question can, in the present in-
known as Caesareia Philippi, near the sources of stance, be satisfactorily decided and corrected by
the Jordan, which he named in honour of Au- the unquestionable testimony of medals, from which
gustus, while he bestowed the name of Julias upon we learn that the festival was held in the third
the town of Bethsaida, which he had greatly consulship of Philippus, that is, in the year a. D.
enlarged and embellished. Among other edifices 248 ; but unless we conld ascertain the month, it is
he erected there a magnificent monument, in which impossible to determine whether the solemnities
his remains were deposited after his death. As he were performed while the tenth century was set
left no children, his dominions were after his de- current or after it was fully completed.
cease annexed to the Roman province of Syria. Many writers have maintained that Philippus
(Joseph. Ant. xvii. 8. § 1, xvii. 2. § 1, 4. $ 6, was a Christian ; a position which has given rise
B. J. i. 33. & 8, ii. 6. $ 3. ) This Philip must not to an animated controversy. It is evident from
be confounded with Herod surnamed Philip, who several passages in Eusebiiis, that such an opinion
was the son of Herod the Great by Mariamne was prevalent in his day, but the bishop of Caesa-
[Herodes PhilipPUS).
(E. H. B. ) reia abstains from expressing his own sentiments
PHILIPPUS I. , M. JU'LIUS, Roman em- with regard to its truth, except in so far as he re-
peror A. D. 244—249, was an Arabian by birth, a marks that the persecution of Decius arose from
native of Trachonitis, according to Victor ; of the the hatred entertained by that prince towards his
colony of Bostra, according to Zonaras. Of his predecessor, and makes mention of certain letters
early history we know nothing, except that he is addressed by Origen to Philippus and the empress,
said to have been the son of a celebrated robber without calling in question their authenticity.
captain, and we are equally ignorant of the various Hieronymus again broadly asserts the fact, as do
steps in his military career.