No More Learning

9 See " Origines Parochiales Scotise," part ii. , p. 100.
"An island belonging to Argyieshire. See an account of it in " Imperial Gazetteer of Scotland," vol. ii. , pp. 380, 381.
" See " Origines Parochiales Scotise," part ii. , p. 148.
" See an account of it, in the "Imperial Gazetteer of Scotland," vol. ii. , p. 229.
'3 See "Origines Parochiales Scotiae," part ii. , pp. 210, 214.
"• See '• New Statistical Account of Scot- land," vol. v. , pp. ZT), 84.
Article xii. —'
"
John Leland the Antiquary," vol. ix. Edi-
See
The Itinerary of
The Itinerary of John Leland the Antiquary. " Edition of Thomas Hearne,
tes. " ''
495
— :
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAIhTS. [May 17.
yard, there was a curious old chair of solid stone, pointed out by the inhabi- tants, on which the saint is said to have sat, and near it was a celebrated well. This holy man had been a bishop in Britain, according to John Leland's account of St. Sativola, virgin. 7 St. Maw was painted, likewise, as a school- master. The Rev. Alban Butler^ notes this holy man, at the 17th of May. There is much obscurity regarding his historic period.
ArticleXIII. ReputedFeastofSt. Connallus,Archdeaconof Glasgow. IntheScottishentriesofDavidCamerarius'Kalendar,'wehave the feast of St. Conuallus, Abbas, at the 17th of May. The Bollandists ^ have asimilarnotice,callinghimArchdeaconofGlasgow. Hisperiodhasbeen assigned to the seventh century. 3
Article XIV. Reputed Feast of St. Carantoc. The Second edition of the " Martyrologium Anglicanum," enters at the 17th of May a FestivalforSt. Carantocus,Welshindescent,butwhodiedinIreland. The Bollandists^ assign his death to the i6th of May, where we have already treated about him.
Article XV. Feast of Saints Adrion, Victor and Basilla, Martyrs, at Alexandria. These holy Martyrs, commemorated in the Roman Martyrology,' were anciently venerated in the Irish Church, as we find from the " Feilire "^ of St. yEngus, at the 17th of May. The ancient HieronymianMartyrologyofEpternac3 hasthenameofAdrion,Victorand Basilla, in Alexandria, at this same date. Tlie Bollandists* have added the name of Silvanus, on the authority of a Corbei Martyrology printed at Paris, but without assuming this introduction to be warranted as correct ; nor have they any more special Acts of those Martyrs, to throw light on their period or history.
Article XVI. Three Ursuline Virgins and Martyrs, at St. Amand, Flanders. The Martyrologies of Molanus, of Gelenius, and of Saussay, record the Feast of three Ursuline Virgins and Martyrs, venerated
496
Article xv. —' Thus: "Alexandrire Sanctorum Martyrum Adrionis Victoris et Easillce. "—"Martyrologium Ronianum," Sextodecimo Kalnndas Junii, p. 70. Ro- man edition of 1S78, fol.
* In the " Leabhar Breac copy, we "
read :
SloijcT) At)imoiiii' uicco]\if bdpllAc Sco1^l•1c cenchuiu v<\inT)e i:o]TOui-o pLAchAninic.
Thus translated by Dr. Whitley Stokes " The hosting of Adrio, of Victor, of Basil
they unyokcil without a whit of weakness on a height ollicaven's kingdom. "
3 Supposed to have been brought there from Ireland.
625.
Article Xiv. —' See " Acta Sancto- xvii. De SS. Martyribus Alcxandrinis
rum," tomus iv. , Maii xvii. Among the Adrione, Victore, Basilla, Silvano, p. 26. pretermitted saints, p. 2.
M. A. ,vol. ix. , p. 79.
* St. Mawes Castle, built by Kinjj Henry
VIII. . was near the church. See Cough's Camden's "Britannia," vol. i. , p. 4.
7 See his "Itinerary," vol. iii. , fol. 35, alias 49.
" See " Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs and and other principal Saints," vol. v. , May xvii.
Article xiii. — ' We there read: Sanctus Conuallus Abbas et Sancti Ken- tigerni a teneris annis discipulus. "—Bishop Forl>es' Kalcndars of Scottish Saints,"
237.
" See " Acta Sanctorum," tomus iv. ,
Mali xvii. Among the pretermitted saints,
-T.
p.
3 See Les Petits BoUandistes' " Vies des
Saints," tome v. , xviii«. Jour de Mai, p.
* See " Acta Sanctorum," tomus iv. , Maii
May 1 8. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 497
in the Monastery of St. Amand,^ Elnonensis, at the 17th of May; and, the BoUandists,^ quoting their authority, refer further treatment regarding them, to the Acts of St. Ursula and her companion Martyrs, to be given at the 21st of October. In this respect, likewise, we prefer to follow their arrangement.
€igl)teentl) 2Bap of iilay*
ARTICLE I. —ST. CONVALLUS, CONFESSOR, PATRON OF GLASGOW, INCHENNEN, EASTWOOD, AND POLLOCKSHAWS, SCOTLAND.
[SIXTH AND SEVENTH CENTURIES. '^
THE first Pictish or Scottish missionaries are called Scoti. Ancient and modern writers but used the expression which they found in records of the saints' lives, penned at a time long previous to Caledonia or Albania getting the present name of Scotland. ^ The sequel seems to show, that St. Conval, or Conwall, was a native of Ireland, although we have no distinct account of his birthplace. Some notices of this holy man, compiled from the old Scottish historians, have been given by the BoUandists. ^ In the First Lesson of the Aberdeen Breviary, we are told, that the father of St. Convallus was Rex Hiberniensium, or King of the Irish. 3 It seems not improbable, that soon after the establishment of Christianity, in Scotland, by St. Columba,* St. Conval, or Connall,5 son to some Irish chief, left the home of his parents, and followed that great missionary to lona. Afterwards, St. Columba is said to have instructed St. Conval, to become a preacher of the Gospel among the Picts and Scots ; and, he effected great conversions, among various tribes in Scotland. ^ If he did not direct the inmates of lona's monastic house, Con- vallus set there a noble example to his brethren, observing discipline and pious exercises, while preaching the true mode of living to those who followed
the rules of its great founder. 7 St. Conval is said to have been a disciple of St. Kentigern,^ otherwise called Mungo,9 whose feast has been assigned to the
Article xvi. —' See Les Petits Bollan- distes' "Vies des Saints," tome v. , xvii<=Jour de Mai, p. 607.
* See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus iv. , Maii xvii. Among the pretermitted saints,
—
' It was only -in the eleventh century, that Scotland became known by such name, and this she took from the predominant Irish Scots, who settled there during the earlier ages. See Black's " Guide to Scotland. " Introduction. Edi-
tion of 1874.
^ See " Acta Sanctorum," tomus iv. , Maii
xviii. De Sancto Convallo Archidiacono. Glascvensi in Scotia," pp. 183, 184.
opinion, thiat this should be regarded as a legend. This information, with many other special particulars here inserted, was kindly communicated by Rev. Bernard Tracy, in a letter, dated Mount St. Mary's, Pollock- shaws, October 20th, 1874.
'» See his Life, at the 9th of June,
^ Nothing is said of his having been in
Ireland,bytheBollandists but,theyspeak ;
of his having lived and died, and of his hav- ing been buried in Scotland.
° See Hector Boece's "Scotorum His- toriae, a prima Gentis origine," «S;c. , lib. ix. , fol. clxxii. , clvxiii. Edition, Prelum Ascen- sianum, 1520, fol.
? See John Lesley, " De Orgine, Moribus, et Rebus Gestis Scotorum," lib. iiii. , sect. xlv. , p. 138. Romse, M. D. , Lxxviil. , 4to.
p. 3.
Article i.
3 Among papers in the possession of Rev.
Bernard Tracy, was a letter by the Rev. John
Kyle, to F. Galletti, priest at Pollockshaws,
and dated Preshome, January 20th, 1859,
the foregoing account is given, with an Art. ii. The chief notices regarding him
^ See a notice of this saint, at the 13th of January, in the First Volume of this work,
S
49 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [May i8.
13th day of January, as also to the 13th of November. Could we believe Dempster,'° St. Conval not only wrote a Life of his master St. Kentigern, but also a book against the Rites of the Pagans, and another on the Church, directed to the Scottish clergy. This holy man is stated to have been at lona when Aiden "—St. Columba's Irish King—died and was buried there;" while, it was after that event, he went to preach to the Picts '^ and Scots. '* This was probably towards the close of the sixth century.
When Kenneth Keir, or Kenneth I. ,'5 came to the throne of Scotland on the death of Aiden I. , St. Convallus first became conspicuous through his life of holiness. There were three men distinguished by their piety and learning, at that time, who were Scoti by nationality, and these are called Hebredus, Dunstan, and Conval. '^ Their memory is still greatly respected in Scotland. '7 Especially, St. Convallus was an ornament to the primitive Church of the Scots. '^ At Inchinnan, in the Rutherglen Deanery, and Archdiocese of Glasgow, he is said to have chiefly lived, and he is regarded as its special
patron.
'9 However, it is thought, by a high authority,^" that Pollock, rather than Inchinan, was more probably the seat of his establishment, as the Church of Pollock was certainly dedicated to Convall, and he was regarded as the tutelar saint of the place. ^' The Second Lesson of St. Convallus' Office, in the Breviary of Aberdeen, states, that when he could not obtain a vessel for the purpose of sailing, a stone served to convey him. ^^ This stone was thereafter called St. Convall's chariot, and by the touch of it, men and cattle were healed. ^^ This legend—however absurd—indicates a traditionary belief, that the saint came from some other country than Scotland ; for, neither a vessel nor a miraculous stone could be necessary to bring a Scotch- mantotheshoresoftheClyde,nortoanyScottishshore. Allagree,thathe settled down on the banks of the Clyde,^* and he was feted thereabouts, on the
i8th of May, as one of the tutelar samts of Scotland.
In Adam King's Kalendar, he is said to have lived, in the time of King
Eugenius the Fourth. ^s St. Conval is styled the first Archdeacon of Glas-
are held over, however, to the 13th of Chronicles of Scotland," written in Latin hy
November.
9 See the " Historians of Scotland," vol.
V. Lives of S. Ninian and S. Kentigern, com- piled in the twelfth century, edited from the best Manuscripts, by Alexander Penrose Forbes, D. C. L. , Bishop of Brechin. General Introduction, p. xci. Edinburgh, 1874, 8vo.
'° See Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Sco- torum," tomus i. , lib. iii. , num. 263, pp. 157, 158.
" He is said to have reigned thirty-four years, and to have died, A. D. 604. See George Buchanan's " Rerum Scoticarum Historia," lib. v. , p. 144.
'^ See Hector Boethius' "Scotorum His- torije, a primo Gentis Origine,"&c. , lib. ix. , fol. clxxvii.
'3 St. Columba first commenced his mis- sion to their King Brude, A. D. 565. See William F. Skene's "Celtic Scotland: a History of Ancient Alban," Book ii. , chap. iii. , p, 105.
'St. Columba came from Ireland to Scotland, A. D. 563. See ibid. , p. 85.
'5 See an account of his reign, in John Bellenden's translation. " The History and
Hector Boece, Canon of Aberdeen, vol. ii. The Nint Buke, chap, xviii. , pp. 99 to loi.
'* According to John Lesley, '• De Rebus Gestis Scotorum," lib. iv. , they are named Balredus, Drostanus, and Convallus. See sect. xlix. Aidanus, pp. 145, 146.
'' See "Acta Sanctoram," tomus iv. , Maii xviii. De Sancto Conuallo Archidiacono Glascvensi in Scotia, p. 182.
'^ See Bishop Forbes' " Kalendars of the Scottish Saints," p. 315.
'' See Rev. Mackenzie E. C. AValcott's " Scoti-Monasticon," p. 19S.
*° George Chalmers.
"See "Caledonia," vol. iii. , chap, vii. , sect, viii. , subs. 6. p. 834.
-'The Bollandists make no mention of that stone, which brought our samt to the shores of the Clyde,
'^ See Bishop Forbes' " Kalendars of Scottish Saints," p. 315.
"* " Ita Clodum lluminum, eujusque ager- proper omnia fructuum genera, aliosqueaniae- nitaies, Scotire paradisus habetur. "
-^ He flourished in the beginning of the sixth century, having ascended the Scottish throne, A. D. 605. See George Buchanan's
May18.
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
499
" Rerum Scoticarum Historia," lib. v. , pp. 144, 145,
^^ At the l8th of May, we find, in Adam King's Kalendar, this notice : " S. Conualle first archdeacon of Glascow disciple to S, Mungo vnder King Eugeniiis ye 4. " Bishop Forbes' " Kalendars of Scottish Saints," p. 152.
''' It is one mile from Renfrew, See George Chalmers' " Caledonia," for a very interesting account of this place, vol. iii. , chap, vii. , sect, viii. , subs. 6, pp. 833 to 835-
^^ He "is buryit at Inchinnane, nocht far fra Glasquew, quhair he is haldin in gret veneratioun of pepill. " See Bellenden's Boece, "History and Chronicles of Scot- land," vol. ii. , lib. ix. , chap. 17, p. 99.
°9 See "New Statistical Account of Scot- land," Renfrew, p. 128.
3° It is now called Argyle's Stone, accord- ing to Mr. Motherwell.
3' See John Stuart's " Sculptured Stones of Scotland," vol. ii. , p. 38.
3^ See "Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Sco- torum," tomus i. , lib. iii. , num. 263, p. 158.
3^AbacukBisset'sMS. , fol. 100 ; Fordun,
'*° The following is a reproduction of this Hymn:
ST, CONVAL.
" Sing we now St. Conval's glory
On this eighteenth day of Alay ;
For we know by ancient story Scotland kept his feast this day ;
And did Eastwood Him as special Patron pray.
II.
" And let Glasgow join the chorus, For that city too we learn Full a thousand years before us
Honoured him and Kentigern, First Archdeacon
And first Bishop : —as saints in Hea- ven.
III.
" Nor should Conval's name and nation Be to Ireland's sons unknown ;
Born and reared in royal station, Quits he Erin's native home ; Like St, Columb,
To acquire a Heavenly throne. IV.
" Exiles too, we pray thee, Exile, Of thy kindred and thy race.
By thy merits on sweet Hye's isle Get us mercy, get us grace.
Saint of lona Bring us to the realms of peace.
V.
"Remember Patron-Saint of Eastwood During ages long gone by,
'Mid Estwood's oaks thy ancient church
Faith the Most High. Raised by to
Priest of Jesus For thy aid thy children cry.
lib. iii. , 29; Spottiswood's History, p. 11 Keith's Bishops, p. 232.
^* See George Chalmers' " Caledonia," vol. iii. , chap, vii. , sect, viii. , subs. 6, p. 834.
35 This is proved from a pre-Reformation will.
3* See Register of Testaments, Commis- sariat of Glasgow, vol. i.
3'' In his " Menologium Scoticum " thus " Euonii in Lorna Conualli Archidiaconi, S. Kentigerni discipuli. "
3^ See Bishop Forbes' " Kalendars of Scot- tish Saints," p. 2CO.
39 To this account he adds, however "anonymo tamen scriptori Scoto lib. de Antiquitate Scoticas Ecclesise videtur festum ejusre—colipostridie calend. Quintil. Videret ipse. " " Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Scotorum," tomus i. , lib. iii. , num. 263, P- 157.
—: —! ! —
gow. ^^ AtInchennene,orInchinnan,=7notfarfromGlasgow,St. Convaldied. Therebewasburied,"^also,andheldingreatveneration. Informertimes, St. Convallus' stone stood near the ancient fort of Inchinnan, on the Ren- frew side of the river. That spot, where the Marquis of Argyle was taken, ^9 has the base of a cross,3° erected to the memory of St, Convallus. 3' To give the statement of Dempster,3^ he flourished a. d. 6o6. According to various Scottishwriters,33hedieda. d. 6x2. 34 Cummockisdedicatedtohim,3Sand Ochiltree was his church. 3^
At the 1 8th of May, Thomas Dempster 37 has an entry of this saint ;33 although, elsewhere, he states, the Scottish Martyrologies do not name the date for his festival, nor could he find it in the Scottish Annals. 39 An in- teresting Hymn ^° to St, Conval has been composed, printed, and circulated, by Rev. Bernard Tracy, Pastor of Pollockshaw::. The Rev. John J. Kyle
;
:
— —
500 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [May 1 8.
supposes Oban, or Dunstaffnage,*' to have been connected with a former veneration, paid to St. Conval, Many wonderful cures are attributed to his intercession ; and, he is said to have predicted the punishment, which should fall on the Kings of Pictland and of Britain, on account of their immoralities, while many other prophetic pronouncements are mentioned, as a portion of his spiritual gifis. ''^ The ancient church of Pollockshaws ^a—called Pollock,'t4 Polloc, Poloc, and Pulloc, in ancient documents—or the Shaws,45 as popularly named, probably stood beside the castle upon the bank of the Cart.