Athena
represents
thought- also were sacrificed.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - a
S.
)
who, in conjunction with Cleanthes, ornamented AREIUS, LECA'NIUS (Aekávios 'Apeios), a
the temple of Artemis Alpheionia at the mouth of Greek physician, one of whose medical formulae is
the Alpheius in Elis. He painted Artemis riding quoted by Andromachus (ap. Gal. De Compos.
on a griffin. (Strab. vii. p. 343. ) If Cleanthes be Medicam. sec. Gen. v. 13, vol. xiii. p. 840), and
the artist mentioned by Pliny (xxxv. 5), Aregon who must therefore have lived in or before the
must be placed at the very earliest period of the first century after Christ. He may perhaps be the
rise of art in Greece. [CLEANTHES. ) [P. S. ) same person who is several times quoted by Galen,
ARE'GONIS ('Apryovis), according to the Or- and who is sometimes called a follower of Ascle-
phic Argonautica (127), the wife of Ampycus and piades, 'Aokamaiádelos (De Compos. Medicam. sec.
mother of Mopsus. Hyginus (Fab. 14) calls her Locos, v. 3, vol. xii. p. 829 ; ibid. viii. 5, vol.
Chloris.
(L. S. ] xiii. p. 182*; De Compos. Medicam. sec. Gen. v.
AREIA ('Apela), the warlike. 1. A surname 15, vol. xiii. p. 857), sometimes a native of Tarsus
of Aphrodite, when represented in full armour like in Cilicia (De Compos. Medicam. sec. Locos, iii. 1,
Ares, as was the case at Sparta. (Paus. iii
. 17. $5. ) vol. xii. p. 636 ; ibid. ix. 2, vol. xiii. p. 247), and
2. A surname of Athena, under which she was sometimes mentioned without any distinguishing
worshipped at Athens. Her statue, together with epithet. (De Compos. Medicam. sec. Locos, x. 2,
those of Ares, Aphrodite, and Enyo, stood in the vol. xii. p. 347; De Compos. Medicam. sec. Gen.
temple of Ares at Athens. (Paus. i. 8. $ 4. ) Her v. 11, 14. vol. xiii. pp. 827, 829, 852. ) He may
worship under this name was instituted by Orestes perhaps also be the person who is said by Soranus
after he had been acquitted by the Areiopagus of (Vita Hippocr. init. , in Hipp. Opera, vol. iii. p.
the murder of his mother. (i. 28. $ 5. ) It was 850) to have written on the life of Hippocrates,
Athena Areia who gave her casting vote in cases and to whom Dioscorides addresses his work on
where the Areiopagites were equally divided. Materia Medica (vol. i. p. 1. ) Whether all these
(Aeschyl. Eum. 753. ) From these circumstances, passages refer to the same individual it is impos-
it has been inferred, that the name Areia ought not sible to say for certain, but the writer is not aware
to be derived from Ares, but from ápá, a prayer, or oi any chronological or other difficulties in the
from dpów or dpéokw, to propitiate or atone for. supposition.
(W. A. G. )
3. A daughter of Cleochus, by whom Apollo be- ARE’LLIUS, a painter who was celebrated
came the father of Miletus. (A pollod. iii. 1. & 2. ) at Rome a little before the reign of Augustus,
For other traditions about Miletus, see ACACALLIS but degraded the art by painting goddesses after
and MILETUS.
(L. S. ] the likeness of his own mistresses. (Plin. xxxv.
AREI'LYCUS ('Apniaukos). Two mythical 37. )
[P. S. ]
personages of this name occur in the Iliad. (xiv. ÁRE'LLIUS FUSCUS. [Fuscus. ]
45), xvi. 308. )
(L. S. )
ARENE. (APHAREUS. ]
AREI'THOUS ('Apnidoos), king of Arne in
Boeotia, and husband of Philomedusa, is called in * In this latter passage, instead of 'Ageiou
the Iliad (vii. 8, &c. ) kopuvutns, because he fought | 'Arkanaiádov we should read 'Agelou 'AOKANTIQ-
with no other weapon but a club. He fell by the delov. [ASCLEPIADES AREIUS. )
T 2
## p. 276 (#296) ############################################
276
ARES.
ARESAS
towns.
C. ARE'NNIUS and L. ARE'NNIUS, were and killed his rival. (Adonis. ] According to a
tribunes of the plebs in B. c. 210. L. Arennius late tradition, Ares slew Halirrhotius, the son of
was praefect of the allies two years afterwards, Poseidon, when he was on the point of violating
B. c. 208, and was taken prisoner in the battle in Alcippe, the daughter of Ares. Hereupon Posidon
which Marcellus was defeated by Hannibal. (Liv. accused Ares in the Areiopagus, where the Olyin-
xxvii. 6, 26, 27. )
pian gods were assembled in court. Ares was
ARES ("Apms), the god of war and one of the acquitted, and this event was believed to have
great Olympian gods of the Greeks. lle is repre- given rise to the name Areiopagus. (Dict. of Ant.
sented as the son of Zeus and Hera. (Hom. II. v. s. r. )
893, &c. ; Hes. Theog. 921; Apollod. i. 3. $ 1. ) The warlike character of the tribes of Thrace
A later tradition, according to which Hera con- led to the belief, that the god's residence was in
ceived Ares by touching a certain flower, appears that country, and here and in Scythia were the
to be an imitation of the legend about the birth of principal seats of his worship. (Hom. Onl. viii. 361,
Hephaestus, and is related by Ovid. (Fust. v. 255, with the note of Eustath. ; Ov. Ars Am. ii. 585;
&c. ) The character of Ares in Greek mythology Statius, Thets. vii. 42; Herod. iv. 59, 62. ) In
will be best understood if we compare it with that Scythia he was worshipped in the form of a sword,
of other divinities who are likewise in some way to which not only horses and other cattle, but men
connected with war.
Athena represents thought- also were sacrificed. Respecting the worship of an
fulness and wisdom in the affairs of war, and pro- Egyptian divinity called Ares, see Herodotus, ii. 64.
tects men and their habitations during its ravages. He was further worshipped in Colchis, where the
Ares, on the other hand, is nothing but the per golden fleece was suspended on an oak-tree in a
sonification of bold force and strength, and not so grove sacred to him. (Apollod. i. 9. $ 16. ) From
much the god of war as of its tumult, confusion, thence the Dioscuri were believed to have brought
and horrors. His sister Eris calls forth war, Zeus to Laconia the ancient statue of Ares which was
directs its course, but Ares loves war for its own preserved in the temple of Ares Thareitas, on the
sake, and delights in the din and roar of battles, road from Sparta to Therapnae. (Paus iii. 19. $7,
in the slaughter of men, and the destruction of &c. ) The island near the coast of Colchis, in which
He is not even influenced by party-spirit, the Stymphalian birds were believed to have dwelt,
but sometimes assists the one and sometimes the and which is called the island of Ares, Aretias,
her side, just as his inclination may dictate ; Aria, or Chalceritis, was likewise sacred to him.
uence Zeus calls him dot póoallos. (I. v. 889. ) ' (Steph. Byz. s. v. "Apeos voos; Apollon. Rhod. ii.
ſhe destructive hand of this god was even believed 1047; Plin. H. N. vi. 12; Pomp. Mela, ii. 7. $ 15. )
to be active in the ravages made by plagues and In Greece itself the worship of Ares was not
epidemics. (Soph. Oed. Tyr. 185. ) This savage very general. At Athens he had a temple con-
and sanguinary character of Ares makes him hated taining a statue made by Alcamenes (Paus. i. 8.
by the other gods and his own parents. (II. v. $ 5); at Geronthrae in Laconia he had a temple
889–909. ) In the Iliad, he appears surrounded with a grove, where an annual festival was cele
by the personifications of all the fearful phenomena brated, during which no woman was allowed to
and effects of war (iv. 440, &c. , xv. 119, &c. ); approach the temple. (iii. 22. & 5. ) He was also
but in the Odyssey his character is somewhat worshipped near Tegea, and in the town (viii. 44.
softened down. It was contrary to the spirit $ 6, 48. & 3), at Olympia (v. 15. & 4), near Thebes
which animated the Greeks to represent a being (Apollod. iii. 4. $ 1), and at Sparta, where there
like Ares, with all his overwhelming physical was an ancient statue, representing the god in
strength, as always victorious; and when he comes chains, to indicate that the martial spirit and vic-
in contact with higher powers, he is usually con- tory were never to leave the city of Sparta. (Paus.
quered. He was wounded by Diomedes, who was ii. 15. $ 5. ) At Sparta human sacrifices were
assisted by Athena, and in his fall he roared like offered to Ares. (Apollod. Fragm. p. 1056, ed.
nine or ten thousand other warriors together. (11. Heyne. ) The temples of this god were usually
v. 855, &c. ) When the gods began to take an built outside the towns, probably to suggest the
active part in the war of the mortals, Athena op- idea that he was to preveni enemies from approach-
posed Ares, and threw him on the ground by ing them.
hurling at him a mighty stone (xx. 69, xxi. 403, All the stories about Ares and his worship in
&c. ); and when he lay stretched on the earth, his the countries north of Greece seem to indicate that
huge body covered the space of seven plethra his worship was introduced in the latter country
The gigantic Aloadae had likewise conquered and from Thrace; and the whole character of the god,
chained him, and had kept him a prisoner for thir- as described by the most ancient poets of Greece,
teen months, until he was delivered by Hermes. seems to have been thought little suited to be re-
(v. 385, &c. ) In the contest of Typhon against presented in works of art : in fact, we hear of no
Zeus, Ares was obliged, together with the other artistic representation of Ares previous to the time
gods, to flee to Egypt, where he metamorphosed of Alcamenes, who appears to have created the
himself into a fish. (Antonin. Lib. 28. ) He was ideal of Ares. There are few Greek monuments
also conquered by Heracles, with whom he fought now extant with representations of the god; he
on account of his son Cycnus, and obliged to re appears principally on coins, reliefs, and gems.
turn to Olympus. (Hesiod, Scut. Herc. 461. ) In (Hirt. Nythol. Büderb. i. p. 51. ) The Romans
numerous other contests, however, he was victo identified their god Mars with the Greek Ares.
rious. This fierce and gigantic, but withal hand- (MARS. )
(1. . S. ]
some god loved and was beloved by Aphrodite : A'RESAS ('Apéoas), of Lucania, and probably
he interfered on her behalf with Zeus (v. 883), of Croton, was at the head of the Pythagorean
and lent her his war-chariot. (v. 363; comp. APH- school, and the sixth in succession from Pythagoms.
RODITE. ) When Aphrodite loved Adonis, Ares Some attribute to him a work “about Human Na-
in his jealousy metamorphosed himself into a bear, / ture," of which a fragment is preserved by Sivbaeus
a
## p. 277 (#297) ############################################
ARETAEUS.
277
ARETAS.
or not.
:
(fd i. p. 847, ed. Heeren); but others suppose it | text, a new Latin version, learned dissertations
to have been written by Aesara (A ERARA. ] and notes, and a copious index by Maittairc. In
ARESTOR ('Apéotwp), the father of Argus 1731, the celebrated Boerhaave brought out a new
Panoptes the guardian of lo, who is therefore edition, of which the text and Latin version had
called Arestorides. (Apollod. ii. 1. $ 3; Apollon. been printed before the appearance of Wigan's,
Rhod. i. 112; Ov. Mei. i. 624. ) According to and are of less value than his ; this edition, how-
Pausanias (ii. 16. & 3), Arestor was the busband ever, contains a copious and useful collection of
of Mycene, the daughter of Inachus, from whom annotations by P. Petit and D. W. Triller. The last
the town of Mycenae derived its name. (L. S. ] and most useful edition is that by C. G. Kühn,
ARETADES ('Apnrádns), of Cnidns, of uncer- Lips. 1828, 8vo. , containing Wigan's text, Latin
tain date, wrote a work on Macedonian affairs version, dissertations, &c. , together with Petits
(Maxedoviká) in three books at least, and another Commentary, Triller's Emendations, and Mait-
on the history of islands (vno iwtiká) in two books taire's Index. A new edition is preparing for
at least. (Plut. Parall. 11, 27. ) It is uncertain the press at this present time by Dr. Ermerins,
whether the Aretades referred to by Porphyry of Middelburg in Zealand. (See his preface, p.
(ap. Euseb. Pruep. Eo. x. 3), as the author of a viii. , to Hippocr. De Vict. Rat. in Morl. Acut.
work Neol ouveMTTWOWS, is the same as the above Lugd. Bat. 1841. ) The work has been translated into
French, Italian, and German ; there are also two
ARETAEUS ('Aperaîos), one of the most cele English translations, one by J. Moffat, Lond. 1785,
brated of the ancient Greek physicians, of whose 8vo. , and the other by T. F. Reynolds, Lond.
life, however, no particulars are known. There is 1837, 8vo. , neither of which contains the whole
some uncertainty respecting both his age and coun- work. Further information respecting the medica)
try ; but it seems probable that he practised in the opinions of Aretaeus may be found in Le Clerc's
first century after Christ
, in the reign of Nero or Hist. de la Méd. ; Haller's Bibl. Medic. Pract. vol.
Vespasian, and he is generally styled the Cappado- i. ; Sprengel's Hist
. de la Méd. ; Fabricius, Bill.
cian" (Καππάδοξ). He wrote in Ionic Greek a Gr. vol. iv. p. 703, ed. Harles ; Isensee, Gesch. der
general treatise on diseases, which is still extant, Med. See also Bostock, Hist. of Med. , and
and is certainly one of the most valuable reliques Choulant's Handbuch der Bücherkunde für die
of antiquity, displaying great accuracy in the Aeltere Medicin, from which two works the pre-
detail of symptoms, and in seizing the diagnostic ceding article has been chiefly taken.
who, in conjunction with Cleanthes, ornamented AREIUS, LECA'NIUS (Aekávios 'Apeios), a
the temple of Artemis Alpheionia at the mouth of Greek physician, one of whose medical formulae is
the Alpheius in Elis. He painted Artemis riding quoted by Andromachus (ap. Gal. De Compos.
on a griffin. (Strab. vii. p. 343. ) If Cleanthes be Medicam. sec. Gen. v. 13, vol. xiii. p. 840), and
the artist mentioned by Pliny (xxxv. 5), Aregon who must therefore have lived in or before the
must be placed at the very earliest period of the first century after Christ. He may perhaps be the
rise of art in Greece. [CLEANTHES. ) [P. S. ) same person who is several times quoted by Galen,
ARE'GONIS ('Apryovis), according to the Or- and who is sometimes called a follower of Ascle-
phic Argonautica (127), the wife of Ampycus and piades, 'Aokamaiádelos (De Compos. Medicam. sec.
mother of Mopsus. Hyginus (Fab. 14) calls her Locos, v. 3, vol. xii. p. 829 ; ibid. viii. 5, vol.
Chloris.
(L. S. ] xiii. p. 182*; De Compos. Medicam. sec. Gen. v.
AREIA ('Apela), the warlike. 1. A surname 15, vol. xiii. p. 857), sometimes a native of Tarsus
of Aphrodite, when represented in full armour like in Cilicia (De Compos. Medicam. sec. Locos, iii. 1,
Ares, as was the case at Sparta. (Paus. iii
. 17. $5. ) vol. xii. p. 636 ; ibid. ix. 2, vol. xiii. p. 247), and
2. A surname of Athena, under which she was sometimes mentioned without any distinguishing
worshipped at Athens. Her statue, together with epithet. (De Compos. Medicam. sec. Locos, x. 2,
those of Ares, Aphrodite, and Enyo, stood in the vol. xii. p. 347; De Compos. Medicam. sec. Gen.
temple of Ares at Athens. (Paus. i. 8. $ 4. ) Her v. 11, 14. vol. xiii. pp. 827, 829, 852. ) He may
worship under this name was instituted by Orestes perhaps also be the person who is said by Soranus
after he had been acquitted by the Areiopagus of (Vita Hippocr. init. , in Hipp. Opera, vol. iii. p.
the murder of his mother. (i. 28. $ 5. ) It was 850) to have written on the life of Hippocrates,
Athena Areia who gave her casting vote in cases and to whom Dioscorides addresses his work on
where the Areiopagites were equally divided. Materia Medica (vol. i. p. 1. ) Whether all these
(Aeschyl. Eum. 753. ) From these circumstances, passages refer to the same individual it is impos-
it has been inferred, that the name Areia ought not sible to say for certain, but the writer is not aware
to be derived from Ares, but from ápá, a prayer, or oi any chronological or other difficulties in the
from dpów or dpéokw, to propitiate or atone for. supposition.
(W. A. G. )
3. A daughter of Cleochus, by whom Apollo be- ARE’LLIUS, a painter who was celebrated
came the father of Miletus. (A pollod. iii. 1. & 2. ) at Rome a little before the reign of Augustus,
For other traditions about Miletus, see ACACALLIS but degraded the art by painting goddesses after
and MILETUS.
(L. S. ] the likeness of his own mistresses. (Plin. xxxv.
AREI'LYCUS ('Apniaukos). Two mythical 37. )
[P. S. ]
personages of this name occur in the Iliad. (xiv. ÁRE'LLIUS FUSCUS. [Fuscus. ]
45), xvi. 308. )
(L. S. )
ARENE. (APHAREUS. ]
AREI'THOUS ('Apnidoos), king of Arne in
Boeotia, and husband of Philomedusa, is called in * In this latter passage, instead of 'Ageiou
the Iliad (vii. 8, &c. ) kopuvutns, because he fought | 'Arkanaiádov we should read 'Agelou 'AOKANTIQ-
with no other weapon but a club. He fell by the delov. [ASCLEPIADES AREIUS. )
T 2
## p. 276 (#296) ############################################
276
ARES.
ARESAS
towns.
C. ARE'NNIUS and L. ARE'NNIUS, were and killed his rival. (Adonis. ] According to a
tribunes of the plebs in B. c. 210. L. Arennius late tradition, Ares slew Halirrhotius, the son of
was praefect of the allies two years afterwards, Poseidon, when he was on the point of violating
B. c. 208, and was taken prisoner in the battle in Alcippe, the daughter of Ares. Hereupon Posidon
which Marcellus was defeated by Hannibal. (Liv. accused Ares in the Areiopagus, where the Olyin-
xxvii. 6, 26, 27. )
pian gods were assembled in court. Ares was
ARES ("Apms), the god of war and one of the acquitted, and this event was believed to have
great Olympian gods of the Greeks. lle is repre- given rise to the name Areiopagus. (Dict. of Ant.
sented as the son of Zeus and Hera. (Hom. II. v. s. r. )
893, &c. ; Hes. Theog. 921; Apollod. i. 3. $ 1. ) The warlike character of the tribes of Thrace
A later tradition, according to which Hera con- led to the belief, that the god's residence was in
ceived Ares by touching a certain flower, appears that country, and here and in Scythia were the
to be an imitation of the legend about the birth of principal seats of his worship. (Hom. Onl. viii. 361,
Hephaestus, and is related by Ovid. (Fust. v. 255, with the note of Eustath. ; Ov. Ars Am. ii. 585;
&c. ) The character of Ares in Greek mythology Statius, Thets. vii. 42; Herod. iv. 59, 62. ) In
will be best understood if we compare it with that Scythia he was worshipped in the form of a sword,
of other divinities who are likewise in some way to which not only horses and other cattle, but men
connected with war.
Athena represents thought- also were sacrificed. Respecting the worship of an
fulness and wisdom in the affairs of war, and pro- Egyptian divinity called Ares, see Herodotus, ii. 64.
tects men and their habitations during its ravages. He was further worshipped in Colchis, where the
Ares, on the other hand, is nothing but the per golden fleece was suspended on an oak-tree in a
sonification of bold force and strength, and not so grove sacred to him. (Apollod. i. 9. $ 16. ) From
much the god of war as of its tumult, confusion, thence the Dioscuri were believed to have brought
and horrors. His sister Eris calls forth war, Zeus to Laconia the ancient statue of Ares which was
directs its course, but Ares loves war for its own preserved in the temple of Ares Thareitas, on the
sake, and delights in the din and roar of battles, road from Sparta to Therapnae. (Paus iii. 19. $7,
in the slaughter of men, and the destruction of &c. ) The island near the coast of Colchis, in which
He is not even influenced by party-spirit, the Stymphalian birds were believed to have dwelt,
but sometimes assists the one and sometimes the and which is called the island of Ares, Aretias,
her side, just as his inclination may dictate ; Aria, or Chalceritis, was likewise sacred to him.
uence Zeus calls him dot póoallos. (I. v. 889. ) ' (Steph. Byz. s. v. "Apeos voos; Apollon. Rhod. ii.
ſhe destructive hand of this god was even believed 1047; Plin. H. N. vi. 12; Pomp. Mela, ii. 7. $ 15. )
to be active in the ravages made by plagues and In Greece itself the worship of Ares was not
epidemics. (Soph. Oed. Tyr. 185. ) This savage very general. At Athens he had a temple con-
and sanguinary character of Ares makes him hated taining a statue made by Alcamenes (Paus. i. 8.
by the other gods and his own parents. (II. v. $ 5); at Geronthrae in Laconia he had a temple
889–909. ) In the Iliad, he appears surrounded with a grove, where an annual festival was cele
by the personifications of all the fearful phenomena brated, during which no woman was allowed to
and effects of war (iv. 440, &c. , xv. 119, &c. ); approach the temple. (iii. 22. & 5. ) He was also
but in the Odyssey his character is somewhat worshipped near Tegea, and in the town (viii. 44.
softened down. It was contrary to the spirit $ 6, 48. & 3), at Olympia (v. 15. & 4), near Thebes
which animated the Greeks to represent a being (Apollod. iii. 4. $ 1), and at Sparta, where there
like Ares, with all his overwhelming physical was an ancient statue, representing the god in
strength, as always victorious; and when he comes chains, to indicate that the martial spirit and vic-
in contact with higher powers, he is usually con- tory were never to leave the city of Sparta. (Paus.
quered. He was wounded by Diomedes, who was ii. 15. $ 5. ) At Sparta human sacrifices were
assisted by Athena, and in his fall he roared like offered to Ares. (Apollod. Fragm. p. 1056, ed.
nine or ten thousand other warriors together. (11. Heyne. ) The temples of this god were usually
v. 855, &c. ) When the gods began to take an built outside the towns, probably to suggest the
active part in the war of the mortals, Athena op- idea that he was to preveni enemies from approach-
posed Ares, and threw him on the ground by ing them.
hurling at him a mighty stone (xx. 69, xxi. 403, All the stories about Ares and his worship in
&c. ); and when he lay stretched on the earth, his the countries north of Greece seem to indicate that
huge body covered the space of seven plethra his worship was introduced in the latter country
The gigantic Aloadae had likewise conquered and from Thrace; and the whole character of the god,
chained him, and had kept him a prisoner for thir- as described by the most ancient poets of Greece,
teen months, until he was delivered by Hermes. seems to have been thought little suited to be re-
(v. 385, &c. ) In the contest of Typhon against presented in works of art : in fact, we hear of no
Zeus, Ares was obliged, together with the other artistic representation of Ares previous to the time
gods, to flee to Egypt, where he metamorphosed of Alcamenes, who appears to have created the
himself into a fish. (Antonin. Lib. 28. ) He was ideal of Ares. There are few Greek monuments
also conquered by Heracles, with whom he fought now extant with representations of the god; he
on account of his son Cycnus, and obliged to re appears principally on coins, reliefs, and gems.
turn to Olympus. (Hesiod, Scut. Herc. 461. ) In (Hirt. Nythol. Büderb. i. p. 51. ) The Romans
numerous other contests, however, he was victo identified their god Mars with the Greek Ares.
rious. This fierce and gigantic, but withal hand- (MARS. )
(1. . S. ]
some god loved and was beloved by Aphrodite : A'RESAS ('Apéoas), of Lucania, and probably
he interfered on her behalf with Zeus (v. 883), of Croton, was at the head of the Pythagorean
and lent her his war-chariot. (v. 363; comp. APH- school, and the sixth in succession from Pythagoms.
RODITE. ) When Aphrodite loved Adonis, Ares Some attribute to him a work “about Human Na-
in his jealousy metamorphosed himself into a bear, / ture," of which a fragment is preserved by Sivbaeus
a
## p. 277 (#297) ############################################
ARETAEUS.
277
ARETAS.
or not.
:
(fd i. p. 847, ed. Heeren); but others suppose it | text, a new Latin version, learned dissertations
to have been written by Aesara (A ERARA. ] and notes, and a copious index by Maittairc. In
ARESTOR ('Apéotwp), the father of Argus 1731, the celebrated Boerhaave brought out a new
Panoptes the guardian of lo, who is therefore edition, of which the text and Latin version had
called Arestorides. (Apollod. ii. 1. $ 3; Apollon. been printed before the appearance of Wigan's,
Rhod. i. 112; Ov. Mei. i. 624. ) According to and are of less value than his ; this edition, how-
Pausanias (ii. 16. & 3), Arestor was the busband ever, contains a copious and useful collection of
of Mycene, the daughter of Inachus, from whom annotations by P. Petit and D. W. Triller. The last
the town of Mycenae derived its name. (L. S. ] and most useful edition is that by C. G. Kühn,
ARETADES ('Apnrádns), of Cnidns, of uncer- Lips. 1828, 8vo. , containing Wigan's text, Latin
tain date, wrote a work on Macedonian affairs version, dissertations, &c. , together with Petits
(Maxedoviká) in three books at least, and another Commentary, Triller's Emendations, and Mait-
on the history of islands (vno iwtiká) in two books taire's Index. A new edition is preparing for
at least. (Plut. Parall. 11, 27. ) It is uncertain the press at this present time by Dr. Ermerins,
whether the Aretades referred to by Porphyry of Middelburg in Zealand. (See his preface, p.
(ap. Euseb. Pruep. Eo. x. 3), as the author of a viii. , to Hippocr. De Vict. Rat. in Morl. Acut.
work Neol ouveMTTWOWS, is the same as the above Lugd. Bat. 1841. ) The work has been translated into
French, Italian, and German ; there are also two
ARETAEUS ('Aperaîos), one of the most cele English translations, one by J. Moffat, Lond. 1785,
brated of the ancient Greek physicians, of whose 8vo. , and the other by T. F. Reynolds, Lond.
life, however, no particulars are known. There is 1837, 8vo. , neither of which contains the whole
some uncertainty respecting both his age and coun- work. Further information respecting the medica)
try ; but it seems probable that he practised in the opinions of Aretaeus may be found in Le Clerc's
first century after Christ
, in the reign of Nero or Hist. de la Méd. ; Haller's Bibl. Medic. Pract. vol.
Vespasian, and he is generally styled the Cappado- i. ; Sprengel's Hist
. de la Méd. ; Fabricius, Bill.
cian" (Καππάδοξ). He wrote in Ionic Greek a Gr. vol. iv. p. 703, ed. Harles ; Isensee, Gesch. der
general treatise on diseases, which is still extant, Med. See also Bostock, Hist. of Med. , and
and is certainly one of the most valuable reliques Choulant's Handbuch der Bücherkunde für die
of antiquity, displaying great accuracy in the Aeltere Medicin, from which two works the pre-
detail of symptoms, and in seizing the diagnostic ceding article has been chiefly taken.
