A well-informed writer ^^ has observed, that there is unfortunately, now-a-days, an unhappy tendency, to pass over the old
historic
landmarks, regarding the veneration of our old Irish saints.
O'Hanlon - Lives of the Irish Saints - v5
[May 9.
Cynan, or Conan Meriada\vg,33 who was grandson to Caradawg ap Bran Ven- digaidapLlyrLlediath. 34 DuringtlietimeofSt. Sanctan,Britainhadtosuffer from the ravages of war, and from her new invaders tlie Angli and Saxons. Everywhere, except in Wales and Cornwall, Saxon paganism had trampled downtheBritishChurch. 35 Idoltempleshadsprungup,withtheirunhallowed rites and sacrifices. Even, in the strongholds of British power, the tide of invasion, without severe struggles, could not be stemmed back, or the minis- trations of religion be kept alive. 3^ To such circumstances, perhaps, may largely be attrilDuted the influx of many Britons, who landed and settled, on theeasterncoastsofourowncountry. TheSaxonsfellupontheBritishpro- vinces, wasting them in a terrible manner; towns and fortifications were demolished ; churches and houses were burned ; horrible cruelties were exercised in all places ; while, great numbers of the Christians, clergy, and people, were put to the sword. 37 Both the holy brothers already named left Britain, and emigrated to Ireland. According to tradition, Matoc preceded his brother Sanctan, in the date for arrival. Sanctan remained some time, at the school of Cluain Iraird, now Clonard, in Meath, where, we may expect, he made great progress in learning. Afterwards, he set out to join the com- munity of his brotlier, ISIatoc, then settled in Inis-Matoc. This place has been identified with Inis-Maedhoc, or Inis-Mogue, an Island in Templeport Lake, county of Leitrim. 38 Other accounts have it, that Inis-Matoc may be identified with Inis-Fail. 39 St. Sanctain is said to have spent most of his time in Ireland, but we know not how long he remained with his brother Matoc.
It is thought by some,'*° that the present St. Santan, or Sanctain, selected a place for his retreat, situated in the wild and picturesque valley of Glenasmole, under the Dublin Mountains. From him, it went by the name of Cill Easpuig Sanctan. •'^ Whether Cill-da-les is identical with that denomination,
3? See John Burton's " Monasticon Ebora- censa ; and the Ecclesiastical History of Yorkshire," &c. . Book i. , p. 8, York, 1758, fol.
^s ggg « Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy," vol. vi. Dr. Graves' Paper on throne. He was married to a daughter of the Ogham Notes in the St. Gall MS. of Priscian, 2, read on Monday, April 9th, 1855, p. 211. In that " Codex Priscianus " of St. Gall in Switzerland, at p. 194, there
Irish, in 432. He was elected Pendragon
of Britain, but, he was slain by the Picts, in
442.
3' He was King of Armorica, from A. i).
410 to 421, but, he was slain by his uncle Grallon, Count of Vannes, who usurped the
the Patrician Flavius.
3' Count of Nantes.
33 He was Regulus of Meriodawg, in
:
is the marginal gloss —
North Britain. He went with an army to aid Maxen Wledig, the husband of Elen his cousin, against Gratian, the Roman Emperor,
"'Oo mi]' in«\t)T0OC 'oiin . 1. nieifi'e &'^^X Clioi]Nbhi\e, of Inis- madoc we are, that is myself and Cairpre. " «';Yrt 383. He got possessions in Armorica, If this indentification be correct, it seems prol)able enough, that St. Matoc's name must
where he died, circa 410. See " Myrvian Archaeology," vol. ii. , p. 60.
be substituted for St. Maidoc's name of Ferns, who traditionally passed his earlier days on the Lsland of Templeport Lake.
35 Rudburn asserts, that the Cornish
people submitted to the humiliation of pay-
ing tribute to the Saxons, in the time of monastci-y ; and, perhaps from the founder, Ceidic, in order that they might be allowed it was afterwarrls called Inis-Madoc. See
3'» See Kees' " Lives of the Cambro-British Saints," p. 89, &c.
to observe their religious rites without moles- tation.
3"' " Cerdicum ssepius cum Arthuro con- fllxisse, pertaesum Arthurum cum Ccrdico deinceps prailia inire foedus cum illo pepi- gisse, et concessisse Cerdicum Cornubiensi- bus ut sub annuo tributo ritum Christiana; religionis obscrvarent. "—'' Chronicon," lib. ii. , cap. i. — Usshcr, " De Primordiis,'' cap. xiii.
"Irish Ecclesiastical Record," vol. iv , April, 1S68. Hymn of St. Sanctan, pp. 321, 322, and n. 2. Ibid.
•'° Others suppose, that St. Santan of Kil- nasau tan was more properly commemorated, at the 17th of September,
•" See Dr. O'Donovan's "Annals of the Four Masters," record of the Obit of Caen- chomraic, abbot of Cill Easpuig Sanctan, at A. n. 952, vol. ii. , I'p. 668,669.
39 gt. Mo-chatoc, a disciple of St. Patrick and of St. Eiecc, choose Inis-Fail for his
May 9. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 141
or otherwise, has not been very clearly demonstrated. In mediaeval times, that place among the Dublin Mountains acquired the name of Temple- Sanctan ;i2 and, it also bore the designation of Kill Sanctan, Kilmesantanj'fs or Kilmasanctan. In our own day, it still retains the correct rendering Kilna- santan. ''4 It lies within the ancient territory of Hy Dunchada. Here, a reli- gious community appears to have flourished, at least to the middle of the tenth century. 'ts That church is alluded to, by Archbishop Alan,'*^ where he gives a copy of the " Concessio," in the 20th year of Henry II. , a. d. 1173, and another, at a. d. 1193 ; as also, in the Bull of Innocent 111. ^7 Killnasantan
Kilnasaiitan Old Church, County of Dublin.
is situated in the barony of Rathdown, and county of Dublin. Interments here are on the south and west of the present ruined church,4^ with some few gravesvisibleattheeastside. TheoldchurchofKillnasantanisnowalmost completely destroyed, only a fragment of the south side wall remaining. ^? There is a ruined window, with an interior splay in this wall. 5° The founda-
^'^ In 1547, in the Taxation of the Dio- cese of Dublin, it is called Temple Sauntan, '•'^ In the Register " Crede mihi," written in the thirteenth century, it is so called. See William Monck Mason's " History and Antiquities of the Collegiate and Cathedral
longing to the See of Glendalach, and in which Cill-ma-Santain is named.
4^ There, too, were to be seen the remains of a huge massive granite block, hollowed in the centre, to serve probably the purpose of a holy water font. It lies upturned in the cemetery, and formerly it must have be-
Church of St. Patrick," Appendix, p. Ixvi.
44 This historic name, however, is not longed to the old church. It is about 12
given on the Irish Ordnance Survey Town- land Maps.
45 See Dr. O'Donovan's " Annals of the Four Masters," vol. ii. , pp. 668, 669, and n. (t).
4^ See " Repertorium Viride," fol. 20, a. ''^ These charters mention the churches be-
inches, in depth ; and, about 3 feet, 4 inches, in diameter. The hollow is of a horse-shoe shape.
49 Visited and measurement taken by the author in May, 1873.
s° The accompanying illustration, drawn on the spot, by the writer, in May, 1873,
142 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [May 9,
tions of a nave, levelled with the ground, measure 43 feet in length, interiorly, and 16 feet in width. The walls run about 3 feet in thickness. The cemetery around is well enclosed with a wall, and a hedge is on an elevated yet sloping knoll, some little distance from and high over the right bank of the Dodder River, about a mile or two miles below its source. The scenery around is truly magnificent, while the church itself nestled under the higher slopes of the Dublin Mountains. Near it is the locality of Bohernabreena, which is Anglicized, " the road of the Britons. s' Here, St. Sanctan probably founded a community ; and, perhaps, many of the religious brethren were Bri- tons,livingunderhisrule. Moreover,St. Sanctancomposedacelebratedhymn,5» in the Irish language. Copies of this are yet preserved, in the " Liber Hymno- rum," belonging to the Fransciscan Convent, Dublin, and in another Codex, bearingthesametitle,amongtheManuscriptsofTrinityCollege,Dublin. 53 An introduction to this hymn, as found in the Franciscan copy, states, that it had been composed, on his way from Cluain-Irard, to Inis-Matoc. It is also remarked, that before this time, Sanctan was completely ignorant of the Scottish language ; but, that he miraculously obtained the gift of Irish metri- cal composition. Yet, the time when he composed that hymn is uncertain. The cause assigned for composition of this poem was, that he might be pre- served from his enemies, and that his brother might admit him among his religious in the island. The Irish of this hymn, Avith an original translation into English, has been published, in the First Series of the " Irish Ecclesias- tical Record. "54 It breathes a fine devotional spirit throughout, and it con- tains a pious invocation, to the three persons of the Most Adorable Trinity.
has been transferred to the wood, by William F. Wakeman, and it has been en- graved, by Mrs. Millard.
5* See vol. iv. , April, 1868, pp. 317 to 325,
55 The following is the text of this hymn, with an English translation, and
5' Boher-na-Breena is an old historic notes : locality, and its etymon has been otherwise
derived. Here, from the earliest times was one of those houses of hospitality, maintained at the public cost. Legislation regarding them may be seen in the old Brehon laws. These hospices were erected on the principal roads of this countrj', for the reception and entertainment of travellers. In this same hospice, in the first century of the Christian era, was slain the Monarch of Ireland, Conaire-mor, by the sons of Dondesa, whom he had for their crimes banished into Britain. After spending some years in acts of piracy, they returned to Ireland, in company with Ancel Caech, the son of a British regulus, and who was a free-lance like themselves. Landing at Turvey, in Fingal, they marched to Tara, and there, not finding the king, they followed him to his retreat at Boher-na- Breena. The marauders avenged them- selves, by the violent death of the monarch, and the total destruction of the Bruighean, or palace ; and thence, it is said, the place takes its name, i. e. , the Road of the Palace, or Hospice.
5' This hymn is published in the " Goidi- lica," edited by Dr. Whitley Stokes, and in the " Irish Ecclesiastical Record," vol. iv. , pp. 322 to 325.
53 In that preserved, among the Trinity College Manuscripts, Dublin, it is classed, E. 4, 2, No. 21.
ei'cojD SdnccAn focIa' fpuchib* iiiitit) Anjebb cbochglAH geL '|\ot)oei\A mo coi\p f0]\ coibniAin ]^o11cebA3 mAnniAin ^oj\ mem.
Ilombiuh oyvoic leAC AmAii\e l\ob c]\ocAi^e |\unine 'oun
<\p gum A]\ 5UA|V\CC A^ JAbuT) A ClMfCCOp 00nAT3U'0'''0Ut1.
Aceoch in im poe]\ puchAin oen5eiriiie5'DeT)iA]\ Vechim ]\t)mniAin a|\ gAbchib 5e]\Aib mAc ]\o genAi^N imbechiL.
" Bishop Sanctan, illustrious among the ancients.
Angel-soldier of pure, bright fame My body is enslaved on Earth, May he receive my soul in Heaven.
" Ofter a prayer forme, O Mary !
May the mercy of the mystery be
unto us
Against wounding, against danger,
against suft'ering,
O Christ ! aftbrd us thy protec-
—
;
tion.
" I implore the noble, everlasting King
;
^Iay the Only-Begotten of God plead for us ;
Against sharp torments may
The Son who was born in Bethle-
hem defend me. "
;
May 9. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 143
In the St. Isidore Manuscript, " Liber Hymnorum," after this hymn follows a short poem, in the Irish language, in honour of Bishop Sanctain, and it is couched in three stanzas. ss These'are also preserved, in the '' Liber Hymn- orum,5^ which belongs to Trinity College, Dublin ; and, this contains some verbal different readings from the former. Wliile the hymn of St. Sanctan has been published in the " Goidilica ;"57 the hymn in praise of Bishop Sanctain has been omitted, 5^ although preserved in the " Liber Hymnorum," belonging to Trinity College. It has been stated, that an Irish Abbot, named St, Sennen, accompanied St. Burianna into Cornwall, where in the fifth and sixth centuries many holy Irishmen and women were engaged, in propagating the faith, while leading religious lives. 59 There is in Cornwall a small port town and parish, named from St. Sennan ; and, tradition says, thatthissaintwentthitherfromIreland. Havingdiedthereinhishermitage, a church was believed to have been erected over ]iis remains. In his Life of St. Wenefreda, John Capgrave states, that this hoiy virgin was interred there andnearSt. Sennan. Accordingtooneopinion,^°itisnotimprobable,that the present saint was identical with the Cornwall St. Sennan. To us, how- ever, it would seem more likely, that Sanctain passed his latter days in Ire- land. He flourished, during the sixth century ; but, no record appears to have been preserved, to determine the date for his death. St. Sanctain's well is still extant, at Glenasmole ; but, by a very curious misconception of a name, derived from the original founder, Killnasantan has been converted into Kill-St. -Anne. Thus, the memory of the ancient Cambrian Saint has been displaced, within the present century; although, it seems to have
remained for ages previous, in popular veneration. The ancient patron has been now forgotten, since, by a facile adaptation of sound, Sanctain has been converted into St. Anne. During late years, a beautiful Catholic Gothic Church has been erected in the neighbourhood ; and, under the prevailing error, it has been dedicated to St. Anne f'^ although, as being near the ancient site, it is obvious, that it should have been dedicated to the patron St. Sanc- tain.
A well-informed writer ^^ has observed, that there is unfortunately, now-a-days, an unhappy tendency, to pass over the old historic landmarks, regarding the veneration of our old Irish saints. To cultivate an acquaint- ance with their lives, and with the history of the times in which they flourished, should be the best means to keep alive a wholesome spirit of nationality and of faith, the preservation of which, under the most adverse circumstances, is the chief glory of our native land. Another church, connected with St. Sanctan, was Cill-Sanctan, near Coleraine, in Antrim, and now called Mount
1. The MS. has fCA with the double sign
of contraction : hence we have supposed it
to stand for -pociA, which is the characteris-
tic epithet applied to our saint by ^ngus.
2. T^uchib, abl. pi. of riwiicli. The Milan it has been published in the " Irish Ecclesi- Psalter has iniiA fyvticne as the gloss of astical Record," First Series, vol. iv. , April, veterum. 3. ixonceoA—|\o-n-cebA, the n 1868, at p. 325. An English translation being the infixed personal pronoun, 3rd accompanies it.
sing. In the next line, we have |\oinbich also for i\o-ni-bich, the m being the infixed pronoun ist sing. 4. "OonA-otTO for -oo fnA'ou'o, the f being aspirated, and hence (as often occurs) omitted after the poss. pr. DO. 5. oengeinne is manifestly derived from the Latin unigenitus.
5* The Manuscript, classed E 4, 2, No.
21. It is comprised in 13 stanzas, with the
additional laudatory hymn. The Hymn " Nation," for June 6th, 1868.
itself only contains 10 stanzas, ^7 At p. 92, first edition.
^s
differing from the text already given
This presents some important readings,
but,
59 See J. T. Blight's " Churches of West Cornwall," published in 1865, p. i.
*° See " The Irish Ecclesiastical Re- cord," vol. iv. , April, 1868. Hymn of St. Sanctain, p. 317.
^' By his Eminence Paul Cardinal Cullen, Archbishop of Dublin, in the month of May, 1868.
*^ Whose communication appears in the
;
—
144
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [May 9.
Sanctan. ^3 The old church site is extant, in the townland of Fishloughan. ^'» At the 9th of May, Marianus O'Gorman has recorded the festival of St. Sanctan. We read in the Martyrology of Donegal,^5 that on this day was venerated, Sanctan, son of Samuel Ceinnisel, Bishop of Cill-da-les. We are told, like- wise, that Dechter, daughter to Muireadhach Muinderg, King of Uladh, was his mother, and that she was also mother of Matoc, the pilgrim. ^^ Under the respective headings of Cill-da-les, and of Druim Laighille,^? Duald Mac Firbis^^ enters Sanctan, Bishop, at the 9th of May. The labours of our saints, the sowing time, the reaping, and the harvest, were begun and ended, often with uninterrupted prayer and earnest contemplation, in their secluded places for physical and spiritual toil. They prayed together, when circum- stances permitted it, or when the rules of a religious life enforced such obligation. In the Life of St. Patrick, Jocelyn states, that St. Fiech, his dis- ciple, sent to Heaven before him no fewer than sixty saints. ^9 These were numbered among his own disciples ; but, we may rest assured, that the influ- ences the great Apostle spread throughout Ireland had the result of raising up other great masters of the cloister, to emulate his holy work, and to bring with them many pious imitators, to enjoy the rewards of eternal life.
Article II. St. Mumboi-us, or Mombolus, Hermit and Abbot of Lagny, France. [^Seventh Century. '] In the time of this holy man, a pious emulation seized the Christian Irish and Scots to leave their homes, and to become evangelists, among people living on the Continent. ' St, Mumbolus or Mombolus was born in Ireland, probably in the seventh century. After- wards, he went over to France. Tliere, he entered the Monastery of Lagny, as a disciple to St. Fursey. ^ But few particulars regarding him have been recorded, by Miraeus 3 and Molanus,^ who place his festival, at the i8th of November. 5 After the death of his master, although third ^ in succession, he becameprincipaloverthismonastery. 7 But,hisgovernmentoftheinmates seemed to them rather austere ; and, a confederacy of many among the com- munity having been formed against him, he withdrew, in company with some fervent companions, to a place called Condrynus, near the River Isara, now known as LTsere. ^ Here, he lived the life of an anchorite, and he happily departed to a better state, towards the close of the seventh century. At the 9th of May, Dempster 9 has the Deposition of Mombulus, Abbot of Lagny. '"
®3 Near wliich are the remains of the 654. sect, xi. , p. 3S2. Venetian edition,
Castle of Cill Sanctan, built in 1179, by John De Courci.
^* See Dr. Reeves' '^Ecclesiastical Antiqui- ties of Down, Connor and Dromore," pp. 74. 324-
's Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp. 122, 123.
^ A term, by which the Irish were accustomed to designate holy persons, com- ing to Ireland from loreign parts.
'^ The Editor, Mr. William M. Ilenncssy, in Notes attached, states, that both these places are unknown.
68 ggg "Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy," Irish Manuscript Series, vol. i. , part i. , pp. 94, 95, 108, 109.
170$, c/ scj. fol.
' See his Life, at the l6th of January,
vol. i. of this work, Art. i.
3 3ee "Fasti Belgici et Burgundici," p.
688.
•• See "Nitalcs Sanctorum Belgii," pp.
265, 266.
5 Further notices of him may be found in
this work, and at that date,
^ According to some, he was fourth abbot
of Lagny, in the order of rule.
' See L'Abbe Rohrbachcr's " Histoire
Universelle de I'Eglise Catholique," tome x. , liv. xlix. ,p. 279.
^ A river, rising in Savoy, and running by Grenoble, in France, and which discharges
•*' See Colgan's "Trias Thaumaturga," itself into the Rhone.
SextaVita S. Patricii, cap. cxvii. , p. 92. Article ii. — ' See Cardinal Baronius' " Annates Ecclesiastici," tomus viii. , a. d.
' See " Menologium Scoticum. "
'° See Bishop Forbes' " Kalendars of Scottish Saints, " p. 199.
— "
May 9. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 145
It is probable, he died, on the glh of May ; and, at the same date, Wion, Dorgan, Ferrarius, as also an Irish authority," have noted his feast. The Bollandists'^commemoratehimatthisday but,astheystate,theseauthori-
;
ties cited, and most of the other saint-writers, have another feast for him, at
the18thofNovember. Therelicsofthissaintwereremoved,fromhisplace of deposition, by the Bishops of Cambray and of Noyon, about the year 831. '3
Article III. St, Colman, Banban, the Wise, supposed to have BEEN Scribe of Kildare. \_Sri^enth and Eighth Centiirigs. '] By Colgan, the holy Colman is identified with a Banban, or a Banan, venerated at the ist of this month. There, his pedigree has been given, and as has been stated, he belonged to the Nan-Decies race. ^ However, this does not seem to be very certain. Referring to the Martyrology of Tallagh, and to other Irish Martyrologies, the Bollandists ^ commemorate Banbhanus or Banuanus Sapiens, at this day. He is thought, by Colgan,3 to have been a relation of St. Patrick,^ and to have been that faithful prophet alluded to in the Acts of the great Irish Apostle. In the Martyrologies of Tallagh s and of Donegal,^ his name is simply entered as Banban, " the sage,"? or " the wise. " It is probable, this was the name by which he was best distinguished ; but, he appears to have been known as Colman, likewise, and as there were many saints so denominated in our calendars, his skill as a scribe may have deter- mined the additional appellative. He died, on the 9th of May, a. d. 720 f if, as seems probable, he was the St. Colman Banban, scribe of Cill-dara. 9 The
Annals of Ulster and Archdall place his death at 724. '°
Article IV. Dabreccoc, of Tuama Dreman. On the 9th of May, the Martyrology of Tallagh ' records, Dabreccoc, Tuama Dreman. The Franciscan copy, however, has entered him as Dabreccoc Tuamma Dercon. " The Bollandists,3 referring to the same source, have entered Da-Breccocus de Tuain Dracon, for the same date. The saint, who is recorded, on this day, by Marianus O'Gorman, under the name of Dubricim—the Brussels Manu- scripthasDabriccin—isthoughttobethesame. AccordingtotheMartyr-
" See Father Stephen White's "Apologia pro Hibernia," cap. iv. , p. 41.
'^ See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus ii. ,
Maii ix. Among the pretermitted saints,
p. 359.
'3 See Mabillon's "Acta Sanctorum
9 See Colgan's "Trias Thaumaturga," See Colgan's "Acta Appendix Quinta ad Acta S. Brigidas, cap.
Ordinis S. Benedict! ," tomus ii. , p. 624.
Article hi. —'
Sanctorum Hibernias," xii. Januarii, Appen- dix ad Acta S. Itse, cap. ii. , p. 73.
* See " Acta Sanctorum," tomus ii. , Maii ix. Among the pretermitted saints, p. 358.
ii. , p. 629.
'° See" Monasticon Hibernicum. " In the
very same sentence and notes, some errors are to be found, at p. 324.
Articleiv. —' EditedbytheRev. Dr. 3 See "Trias Thaumaturga," Septima Kelly, p. xxiii.
Vita S. Patricii, pars ii. , cap. xxxii. , and n. 67, pp. 132, 176.
* See his Life, in vol. iii. of this work, at March 17th.
s Edited by Rev. Dr. Kelly, p. xxiii. The Franciscan copy has bAnb^n SAp.
Cynan, or Conan Meriada\vg,33 who was grandson to Caradawg ap Bran Ven- digaidapLlyrLlediath. 34 DuringtlietimeofSt. Sanctan,Britainhadtosuffer from the ravages of war, and from her new invaders tlie Angli and Saxons. Everywhere, except in Wales and Cornwall, Saxon paganism had trampled downtheBritishChurch. 35 Idoltempleshadsprungup,withtheirunhallowed rites and sacrifices. Even, in the strongholds of British power, the tide of invasion, without severe struggles, could not be stemmed back, or the minis- trations of religion be kept alive. 3^ To such circumstances, perhaps, may largely be attrilDuted the influx of many Britons, who landed and settled, on theeasterncoastsofourowncountry. TheSaxonsfellupontheBritishpro- vinces, wasting them in a terrible manner; towns and fortifications were demolished ; churches and houses were burned ; horrible cruelties were exercised in all places ; while, great numbers of the Christians, clergy, and people, were put to the sword. 37 Both the holy brothers already named left Britain, and emigrated to Ireland. According to tradition, Matoc preceded his brother Sanctan, in the date for arrival. Sanctan remained some time, at the school of Cluain Iraird, now Clonard, in Meath, where, we may expect, he made great progress in learning. Afterwards, he set out to join the com- munity of his brotlier, ISIatoc, then settled in Inis-Matoc. This place has been identified with Inis-Maedhoc, or Inis-Mogue, an Island in Templeport Lake, county of Leitrim. 38 Other accounts have it, that Inis-Matoc may be identified with Inis-Fail. 39 St. Sanctain is said to have spent most of his time in Ireland, but we know not how long he remained with his brother Matoc.
It is thought by some,'*° that the present St. Santan, or Sanctain, selected a place for his retreat, situated in the wild and picturesque valley of Glenasmole, under the Dublin Mountains. From him, it went by the name of Cill Easpuig Sanctan. •'^ Whether Cill-da-les is identical with that denomination,
3? See John Burton's " Monasticon Ebora- censa ; and the Ecclesiastical History of Yorkshire," &c. . Book i. , p. 8, York, 1758, fol.
^s ggg « Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy," vol. vi. Dr. Graves' Paper on throne. He was married to a daughter of the Ogham Notes in the St. Gall MS. of Priscian, 2, read on Monday, April 9th, 1855, p. 211. In that " Codex Priscianus " of St. Gall in Switzerland, at p. 194, there
Irish, in 432. He was elected Pendragon
of Britain, but, he was slain by the Picts, in
442.
3' He was King of Armorica, from A. i).
410 to 421, but, he was slain by his uncle Grallon, Count of Vannes, who usurped the
the Patrician Flavius.
3' Count of Nantes.
33 He was Regulus of Meriodawg, in
:
is the marginal gloss —
North Britain. He went with an army to aid Maxen Wledig, the husband of Elen his cousin, against Gratian, the Roman Emperor,
"'Oo mi]' in«\t)T0OC 'oiin . 1. nieifi'e &'^^X Clioi]Nbhi\e, of Inis- madoc we are, that is myself and Cairpre. " «';Yrt 383. He got possessions in Armorica, If this indentification be correct, it seems prol)able enough, that St. Matoc's name must
where he died, circa 410. See " Myrvian Archaeology," vol. ii. , p. 60.
be substituted for St. Maidoc's name of Ferns, who traditionally passed his earlier days on the Lsland of Templeport Lake.
35 Rudburn asserts, that the Cornish
people submitted to the humiliation of pay-
ing tribute to the Saxons, in the time of monastci-y ; and, perhaps from the founder, Ceidic, in order that they might be allowed it was afterwarrls called Inis-Madoc. See
3'» See Kees' " Lives of the Cambro-British Saints," p. 89, &c.
to observe their religious rites without moles- tation.
3"' " Cerdicum ssepius cum Arthuro con- fllxisse, pertaesum Arthurum cum Ccrdico deinceps prailia inire foedus cum illo pepi- gisse, et concessisse Cerdicum Cornubiensi- bus ut sub annuo tributo ritum Christiana; religionis obscrvarent. "—'' Chronicon," lib. ii. , cap. i. — Usshcr, " De Primordiis,'' cap. xiii.
"Irish Ecclesiastical Record," vol. iv , April, 1S68. Hymn of St. Sanctan, pp. 321, 322, and n. 2. Ibid.
•'° Others suppose, that St. Santan of Kil- nasau tan was more properly commemorated, at the 17th of September,
•" See Dr. O'Donovan's "Annals of the Four Masters," record of the Obit of Caen- chomraic, abbot of Cill Easpuig Sanctan, at A. n. 952, vol. ii. , I'p. 668,669.
39 gt. Mo-chatoc, a disciple of St. Patrick and of St. Eiecc, choose Inis-Fail for his
May 9. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 141
or otherwise, has not been very clearly demonstrated. In mediaeval times, that place among the Dublin Mountains acquired the name of Temple- Sanctan ;i2 and, it also bore the designation of Kill Sanctan, Kilmesantanj'fs or Kilmasanctan. In our own day, it still retains the correct rendering Kilna- santan. ''4 It lies within the ancient territory of Hy Dunchada. Here, a reli- gious community appears to have flourished, at least to the middle of the tenth century. 'ts That church is alluded to, by Archbishop Alan,'*^ where he gives a copy of the " Concessio," in the 20th year of Henry II. , a. d. 1173, and another, at a. d. 1193 ; as also, in the Bull of Innocent 111. ^7 Killnasantan
Kilnasaiitan Old Church, County of Dublin.
is situated in the barony of Rathdown, and county of Dublin. Interments here are on the south and west of the present ruined church,4^ with some few gravesvisibleattheeastside. TheoldchurchofKillnasantanisnowalmost completely destroyed, only a fragment of the south side wall remaining. ^? There is a ruined window, with an interior splay in this wall. 5° The founda-
^'^ In 1547, in the Taxation of the Dio- cese of Dublin, it is called Temple Sauntan, '•'^ In the Register " Crede mihi," written in the thirteenth century, it is so called. See William Monck Mason's " History and Antiquities of the Collegiate and Cathedral
longing to the See of Glendalach, and in which Cill-ma-Santain is named.
4^ There, too, were to be seen the remains of a huge massive granite block, hollowed in the centre, to serve probably the purpose of a holy water font. It lies upturned in the cemetery, and formerly it must have be-
Church of St. Patrick," Appendix, p. Ixvi.
44 This historic name, however, is not longed to the old church. It is about 12
given on the Irish Ordnance Survey Town- land Maps.
45 See Dr. O'Donovan's " Annals of the Four Masters," vol. ii. , pp. 668, 669, and n. (t).
4^ See " Repertorium Viride," fol. 20, a. ''^ These charters mention the churches be-
inches, in depth ; and, about 3 feet, 4 inches, in diameter. The hollow is of a horse-shoe shape.
49 Visited and measurement taken by the author in May, 1873.
s° The accompanying illustration, drawn on the spot, by the writer, in May, 1873,
142 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [May 9,
tions of a nave, levelled with the ground, measure 43 feet in length, interiorly, and 16 feet in width. The walls run about 3 feet in thickness. The cemetery around is well enclosed with a wall, and a hedge is on an elevated yet sloping knoll, some little distance from and high over the right bank of the Dodder River, about a mile or two miles below its source. The scenery around is truly magnificent, while the church itself nestled under the higher slopes of the Dublin Mountains. Near it is the locality of Bohernabreena, which is Anglicized, " the road of the Britons. s' Here, St. Sanctan probably founded a community ; and, perhaps, many of the religious brethren were Bri- tons,livingunderhisrule. Moreover,St. Sanctancomposedacelebratedhymn,5» in the Irish language. Copies of this are yet preserved, in the " Liber Hymno- rum," belonging to the Fransciscan Convent, Dublin, and in another Codex, bearingthesametitle,amongtheManuscriptsofTrinityCollege,Dublin. 53 An introduction to this hymn, as found in the Franciscan copy, states, that it had been composed, on his way from Cluain-Irard, to Inis-Matoc. It is also remarked, that before this time, Sanctan was completely ignorant of the Scottish language ; but, that he miraculously obtained the gift of Irish metri- cal composition. Yet, the time when he composed that hymn is uncertain. The cause assigned for composition of this poem was, that he might be pre- served from his enemies, and that his brother might admit him among his religious in the island. The Irish of this hymn, Avith an original translation into English, has been published, in the First Series of the " Irish Ecclesias- tical Record. "54 It breathes a fine devotional spirit throughout, and it con- tains a pious invocation, to the three persons of the Most Adorable Trinity.
has been transferred to the wood, by William F. Wakeman, and it has been en- graved, by Mrs. Millard.
5* See vol. iv. , April, 1868, pp. 317 to 325,
55 The following is the text of this hymn, with an English translation, and
5' Boher-na-Breena is an old historic notes : locality, and its etymon has been otherwise
derived. Here, from the earliest times was one of those houses of hospitality, maintained at the public cost. Legislation regarding them may be seen in the old Brehon laws. These hospices were erected on the principal roads of this countrj', for the reception and entertainment of travellers. In this same hospice, in the first century of the Christian era, was slain the Monarch of Ireland, Conaire-mor, by the sons of Dondesa, whom he had for their crimes banished into Britain. After spending some years in acts of piracy, they returned to Ireland, in company with Ancel Caech, the son of a British regulus, and who was a free-lance like themselves. Landing at Turvey, in Fingal, they marched to Tara, and there, not finding the king, they followed him to his retreat at Boher-na- Breena. The marauders avenged them- selves, by the violent death of the monarch, and the total destruction of the Bruighean, or palace ; and thence, it is said, the place takes its name, i. e. , the Road of the Palace, or Hospice.
5' This hymn is published in the " Goidi- lica," edited by Dr. Whitley Stokes, and in the " Irish Ecclesiastical Record," vol. iv. , pp. 322 to 325.
53 In that preserved, among the Trinity College Manuscripts, Dublin, it is classed, E. 4, 2, No. 21.
ei'cojD SdnccAn focIa' fpuchib* iiiitit) Anjebb cbochglAH geL '|\ot)oei\A mo coi\p f0]\ coibniAin ]^o11cebA3 mAnniAin ^oj\ mem.
Ilombiuh oyvoic leAC AmAii\e l\ob c]\ocAi^e |\unine 'oun
<\p gum A]\ 5UA|V\CC A^ JAbuT) A ClMfCCOp 00nAT3U'0'''0Ut1.
Aceoch in im poe]\ puchAin oen5eiriiie5'DeT)iA]\ Vechim ]\t)mniAin a|\ gAbchib 5e]\Aib mAc ]\o genAi^N imbechiL.
" Bishop Sanctan, illustrious among the ancients.
Angel-soldier of pure, bright fame My body is enslaved on Earth, May he receive my soul in Heaven.
" Ofter a prayer forme, O Mary !
May the mercy of the mystery be
unto us
Against wounding, against danger,
against suft'ering,
O Christ ! aftbrd us thy protec-
—
;
tion.
" I implore the noble, everlasting King
;
^Iay the Only-Begotten of God plead for us ;
Against sharp torments may
The Son who was born in Bethle-
hem defend me. "
;
May 9. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 143
In the St. Isidore Manuscript, " Liber Hymnorum," after this hymn follows a short poem, in the Irish language, in honour of Bishop Sanctain, and it is couched in three stanzas. ss These'are also preserved, in the '' Liber Hymn- orum,5^ which belongs to Trinity College, Dublin ; and, this contains some verbal different readings from the former. Wliile the hymn of St. Sanctan has been published in the " Goidilica ;"57 the hymn in praise of Bishop Sanctain has been omitted, 5^ although preserved in the " Liber Hymnorum," belonging to Trinity College. It has been stated, that an Irish Abbot, named St, Sennen, accompanied St. Burianna into Cornwall, where in the fifth and sixth centuries many holy Irishmen and women were engaged, in propagating the faith, while leading religious lives. 59 There is in Cornwall a small port town and parish, named from St. Sennan ; and, tradition says, thatthissaintwentthitherfromIreland. Havingdiedthereinhishermitage, a church was believed to have been erected over ]iis remains. In his Life of St. Wenefreda, John Capgrave states, that this hoiy virgin was interred there andnearSt. Sennan. Accordingtooneopinion,^°itisnotimprobable,that the present saint was identical with the Cornwall St. Sennan. To us, how- ever, it would seem more likely, that Sanctain passed his latter days in Ire- land. He flourished, during the sixth century ; but, no record appears to have been preserved, to determine the date for his death. St. Sanctain's well is still extant, at Glenasmole ; but, by a very curious misconception of a name, derived from the original founder, Killnasantan has been converted into Kill-St. -Anne. Thus, the memory of the ancient Cambrian Saint has been displaced, within the present century; although, it seems to have
remained for ages previous, in popular veneration. The ancient patron has been now forgotten, since, by a facile adaptation of sound, Sanctain has been converted into St. Anne. During late years, a beautiful Catholic Gothic Church has been erected in the neighbourhood ; and, under the prevailing error, it has been dedicated to St. Anne f'^ although, as being near the ancient site, it is obvious, that it should have been dedicated to the patron St. Sanc- tain.
A well-informed writer ^^ has observed, that there is unfortunately, now-a-days, an unhappy tendency, to pass over the old historic landmarks, regarding the veneration of our old Irish saints. To cultivate an acquaint- ance with their lives, and with the history of the times in which they flourished, should be the best means to keep alive a wholesome spirit of nationality and of faith, the preservation of which, under the most adverse circumstances, is the chief glory of our native land. Another church, connected with St. Sanctan, was Cill-Sanctan, near Coleraine, in Antrim, and now called Mount
1. The MS. has fCA with the double sign
of contraction : hence we have supposed it
to stand for -pociA, which is the characteris-
tic epithet applied to our saint by ^ngus.
2. T^uchib, abl. pi. of riwiicli. The Milan it has been published in the " Irish Ecclesi- Psalter has iniiA fyvticne as the gloss of astical Record," First Series, vol. iv. , April, veterum. 3. ixonceoA—|\o-n-cebA, the n 1868, at p. 325. An English translation being the infixed personal pronoun, 3rd accompanies it.
sing. In the next line, we have |\oinbich also for i\o-ni-bich, the m being the infixed pronoun ist sing. 4. "OonA-otTO for -oo fnA'ou'o, the f being aspirated, and hence (as often occurs) omitted after the poss. pr. DO. 5. oengeinne is manifestly derived from the Latin unigenitus.
5* The Manuscript, classed E 4, 2, No.
21. It is comprised in 13 stanzas, with the
additional laudatory hymn. The Hymn " Nation," for June 6th, 1868.
itself only contains 10 stanzas, ^7 At p. 92, first edition.
^s
differing from the text already given
This presents some important readings,
but,
59 See J. T. Blight's " Churches of West Cornwall," published in 1865, p. i.
*° See " The Irish Ecclesiastical Re- cord," vol. iv. , April, 1868. Hymn of St. Sanctain, p. 317.
^' By his Eminence Paul Cardinal Cullen, Archbishop of Dublin, in the month of May, 1868.
*^ Whose communication appears in the
;
—
144
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [May 9.
Sanctan. ^3 The old church site is extant, in the townland of Fishloughan. ^'» At the 9th of May, Marianus O'Gorman has recorded the festival of St. Sanctan. We read in the Martyrology of Donegal,^5 that on this day was venerated, Sanctan, son of Samuel Ceinnisel, Bishop of Cill-da-les. We are told, like- wise, that Dechter, daughter to Muireadhach Muinderg, King of Uladh, was his mother, and that she was also mother of Matoc, the pilgrim. ^^ Under the respective headings of Cill-da-les, and of Druim Laighille,^? Duald Mac Firbis^^ enters Sanctan, Bishop, at the 9th of May. The labours of our saints, the sowing time, the reaping, and the harvest, were begun and ended, often with uninterrupted prayer and earnest contemplation, in their secluded places for physical and spiritual toil. They prayed together, when circum- stances permitted it, or when the rules of a religious life enforced such obligation. In the Life of St. Patrick, Jocelyn states, that St. Fiech, his dis- ciple, sent to Heaven before him no fewer than sixty saints. ^9 These were numbered among his own disciples ; but, we may rest assured, that the influ- ences the great Apostle spread throughout Ireland had the result of raising up other great masters of the cloister, to emulate his holy work, and to bring with them many pious imitators, to enjoy the rewards of eternal life.
Article II. St. Mumboi-us, or Mombolus, Hermit and Abbot of Lagny, France. [^Seventh Century. '] In the time of this holy man, a pious emulation seized the Christian Irish and Scots to leave their homes, and to become evangelists, among people living on the Continent. ' St, Mumbolus or Mombolus was born in Ireland, probably in the seventh century. After- wards, he went over to France. Tliere, he entered the Monastery of Lagny, as a disciple to St. Fursey. ^ But few particulars regarding him have been recorded, by Miraeus 3 and Molanus,^ who place his festival, at the i8th of November. 5 After the death of his master, although third ^ in succession, he becameprincipaloverthismonastery. 7 But,hisgovernmentoftheinmates seemed to them rather austere ; and, a confederacy of many among the com- munity having been formed against him, he withdrew, in company with some fervent companions, to a place called Condrynus, near the River Isara, now known as LTsere. ^ Here, he lived the life of an anchorite, and he happily departed to a better state, towards the close of the seventh century. At the 9th of May, Dempster 9 has the Deposition of Mombulus, Abbot of Lagny. '"
®3 Near wliich are the remains of the 654. sect, xi. , p. 3S2. Venetian edition,
Castle of Cill Sanctan, built in 1179, by John De Courci.
^* See Dr. Reeves' '^Ecclesiastical Antiqui- ties of Down, Connor and Dromore," pp. 74. 324-
's Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp. 122, 123.
^ A term, by which the Irish were accustomed to designate holy persons, com- ing to Ireland from loreign parts.
'^ The Editor, Mr. William M. Ilenncssy, in Notes attached, states, that both these places are unknown.
68 ggg "Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy," Irish Manuscript Series, vol. i. , part i. , pp. 94, 95, 108, 109.
170$, c/ scj. fol.
' See his Life, at the l6th of January,
vol. i. of this work, Art. i.
3 3ee "Fasti Belgici et Burgundici," p.
688.
•• See "Nitalcs Sanctorum Belgii," pp.
265, 266.
5 Further notices of him may be found in
this work, and at that date,
^ According to some, he was fourth abbot
of Lagny, in the order of rule.
' See L'Abbe Rohrbachcr's " Histoire
Universelle de I'Eglise Catholique," tome x. , liv. xlix. ,p. 279.
^ A river, rising in Savoy, and running by Grenoble, in France, and which discharges
•*' See Colgan's "Trias Thaumaturga," itself into the Rhone.
SextaVita S. Patricii, cap. cxvii. , p. 92. Article ii. — ' See Cardinal Baronius' " Annates Ecclesiastici," tomus viii. , a. d.
' See " Menologium Scoticum. "
'° See Bishop Forbes' " Kalendars of Scottish Saints, " p. 199.
— "
May 9. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 145
It is probable, he died, on the glh of May ; and, at the same date, Wion, Dorgan, Ferrarius, as also an Irish authority," have noted his feast. The Bollandists'^commemoratehimatthisday but,astheystate,theseauthori-
;
ties cited, and most of the other saint-writers, have another feast for him, at
the18thofNovember. Therelicsofthissaintwereremoved,fromhisplace of deposition, by the Bishops of Cambray and of Noyon, about the year 831. '3
Article III. St, Colman, Banban, the Wise, supposed to have BEEN Scribe of Kildare. \_Sri^enth and Eighth Centiirigs. '] By Colgan, the holy Colman is identified with a Banban, or a Banan, venerated at the ist of this month. There, his pedigree has been given, and as has been stated, he belonged to the Nan-Decies race. ^ However, this does not seem to be very certain. Referring to the Martyrology of Tallagh, and to other Irish Martyrologies, the Bollandists ^ commemorate Banbhanus or Banuanus Sapiens, at this day. He is thought, by Colgan,3 to have been a relation of St. Patrick,^ and to have been that faithful prophet alluded to in the Acts of the great Irish Apostle. In the Martyrologies of Tallagh s and of Donegal,^ his name is simply entered as Banban, " the sage,"? or " the wise. " It is probable, this was the name by which he was best distinguished ; but, he appears to have been known as Colman, likewise, and as there were many saints so denominated in our calendars, his skill as a scribe may have deter- mined the additional appellative. He died, on the 9th of May, a. d. 720 f if, as seems probable, he was the St. Colman Banban, scribe of Cill-dara. 9 The
Annals of Ulster and Archdall place his death at 724. '°
Article IV. Dabreccoc, of Tuama Dreman. On the 9th of May, the Martyrology of Tallagh ' records, Dabreccoc, Tuama Dreman. The Franciscan copy, however, has entered him as Dabreccoc Tuamma Dercon. " The Bollandists,3 referring to the same source, have entered Da-Breccocus de Tuain Dracon, for the same date. The saint, who is recorded, on this day, by Marianus O'Gorman, under the name of Dubricim—the Brussels Manu- scripthasDabriccin—isthoughttobethesame. AccordingtotheMartyr-
" See Father Stephen White's "Apologia pro Hibernia," cap. iv. , p. 41.
'^ See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus ii. ,
Maii ix. Among the pretermitted saints,
p. 359.
'3 See Mabillon's "Acta Sanctorum
9 See Colgan's "Trias Thaumaturga," See Colgan's "Acta Appendix Quinta ad Acta S. Brigidas, cap.
Ordinis S. Benedict! ," tomus ii. , p. 624.
Article hi. —'
Sanctorum Hibernias," xii. Januarii, Appen- dix ad Acta S. Itse, cap. ii. , p. 73.
* See " Acta Sanctorum," tomus ii. , Maii ix. Among the pretermitted saints, p. 358.
ii. , p. 629.
'° See" Monasticon Hibernicum. " In the
very same sentence and notes, some errors are to be found, at p. 324.
Articleiv. —' EditedbytheRev. Dr. 3 See "Trias Thaumaturga," Septima Kelly, p. xxiii.
Vita S. Patricii, pars ii. , cap. xxxii. , and n. 67, pp. 132, 176.
* See his Life, in vol. iii. of this work, at March 17th.
s Edited by Rev. Dr. Kelly, p. xxiii. The Franciscan copy has bAnb^n SAp.
