qupd'ruv
has probably no recondite meaning.
has probably no recondite meaning.
Demosthenese - First Philippic and the Olynthiacs
vdi: sc.
662.
? 51 l. 459. E16: pe? v 05v : a frequent formula for introducing
the peroration by marking the contrast between the speaker's
attitude and that of others. 063:) followed by re, 18 ? 216,
20? 76, 24 ? 29, 74 etc. d. are: the deliberative (or
parliamentary) speeches previously delivered by Demosthenes
were 0')". 14 1repl rc'bv ova/ropie? v, 15 1'11er rfis 'Podlwv e? heulieplar,
and 16 brre? p Me'ydkorrokire? 'w. The only extant forensic speech
already delivered by himself in a public cause was Or. 20 rpbs
Aerrrlvrlv. 1'pr Xdpw : ? 38 'n'pdr fidovriu.
460. eiMpqv is regarded by Goodwin MT. ? ? 156, 533 as
having 'a sense ap roaehing that of the gnomic Aorist,' and
as therefore followed by the Subj. It seems better to con-
sider werewpe? vos <3, 'I have been and am still convinced,'as
one of the many examples of the retention of the Subj. with
(Sir after a past tense (ib. ? 595).
461. oi'iSe? v {moo-rake? pevos (=01roprpd/aevos Hesych. ), ' un-
reservedly,' metaphor from 'furling sail,' 1 ? 16, 19 ? ? 156, 237,
338; 21 ? 70, 37 ? 48. Isocr. 8 ? 41 ofifie? v brroa'rcihdpevos
dhh' tutu/Eve's.
462. wewappqo'tew l: in the present speech Demosthenes
has expressed himsef with singular frankness and without
resorting to any phrases of apology. His increasing knowledge
of human nature led him to see that in all his subsequent
s eeches such apologetic phrases were indispensable (Rehdantz).
his is the only speech in which he applies to himself the verb
rdppno'idg'opai. He uses phrases, however, such as ,ucrd rap-
pmrias he? 'yew, with an apologetic context in 23 ? 204, 3 ? 3, 6
? 31, and especially 9 ? 3, and more unreservedly in 8 ? 21, 24
and 19 ? 237. iBouMprqv . . dv, vellem, 'I could have
wished (though that is impossible)'; Soph. Phil. 1239 KMew
6. 1! 066' firms e? fiovhop'qv.
463. o'uiquov--dkoikw: Prooem. 23 0'U]J. ? e? p? t r00 rd 6&-
rw'ra. Xe? 'yovros dKozisw.
464. o-uvoio-ov : sc. r6 rd [Se? hrm'r' shrst (or possibly dKoiiew).
Demosthenes expresses a similar apprehension on his own
behalf in 1 ? 16 and 3 ? 32, but never afterwards.
465. noMiii--fiSwv eIXov, 'I should have been far better
pleased. ' Prooem. 23 b iroka 764! an 1'15'011 elxe (Mss, elxor
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. 31175009758841 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? 124 FIRST PHILIPPIC' IV ? 51
Blass) vfiv 6% ? oBoU/4. m. E1r' c'xSfikols . . 8910s, 'with an un-
certainty as to the consequences to myself, yet with a. con-
viction that,' etc. ; 21 ? 30 e? 1r' 6. 61%05 pill 101': dfimfio'ovcnv,
d6fikozs 6% 102's d6m'qdo/4e? vozs, Thuc. i69, 2 e? 1ri ? avspo? s, viii 97
6'1rl 'rois Myehfle? vms . . vafis . . 6';st e? rkfipouv. Demosthenes
apparently apprehends a 'ypacph rapavbywv (Hartel Dem.
Avurdge p. 528).
467. hrl fq'i . . 1mm": hyperbaton for e? 1rl Tq? 1rs1re'i00ai
rau'h-a o'wlolo'ew {1,1sz :1>> rpdEm-e. wvo'o-ew: purposely put
into an emphatic position.
468. vur ' z 9 ? 76 G'UI'GVe? 'YKOL (Goodwin MT. ? 722). 8 n
(:6! TL) phyla (ib. ? 525).
469. mote-aw: Tb a'vmbe? pov is the theme of the speech as
a whole, and the verb has already been used five times in the
concluding paragraph. In the first, as in the third, Philippic
(ouveue? yxm) and the third Olynthian (uvvolo'sw . . ), the last word
is a word of good omen. Op. 01'. 1 Xp'qo'rb. 6' d1] 1rav1'bs echm,
2 ISA-now . . e? xby'rwv, 8 060m, 15 dperds, 18 Jump! " dazpakfi.
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. 31175009758841 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? NOTES ON THE
FIRST OLYNTHIAC (OR. I)
? 1 is also found (with slight variations) in Prooe'mium 3. $5 1, 2 are
parodied by Lucian Jupiter Tragoedus 15 lile 1":va iv, a! >> duo 1; 0:01,
xp-qlui-nuv illu'is e? As'crOmL widget, oi. ""pr ye'vme' imiv ii 1|. drive-i" apm 7007'
screr e'jf org: vim svveMyrrre. or! 'roiwv 70. 00' 0671>>: e' u, upon-fix" 1r -
Winn; mnpoivfiai poi! Aiyowos. o lair 013v 1m. pr xanpos, w 0605, novov ouxi
M'yu ? wviyv aidueis, ii-n 163v flpaZpIi-va c'ppups'mu; dynkqn're'ov infill e'o'rw,
find; 55 mivu oAi-yu'apws szw p. 0t oxofzpiev wpbs m'rra'.
? 1 l. 1. c'w-ri. arohke? v dv--e? Ma-Qal. vopigu, 'I think you
would give much to know,' lit. 'you would choose at the cost
of much money. ' alpe'ialiai din-l (2 ? 15, 3 ? 21, 6 ? 12) implies
the actual possession of the thing governed by dvrl, whereas
alpoia'Ocu 1rp6 implies a choice between two alternative ofi'ers.
Similarly mafia-0m 1rp6 in Thuc. i 33, 2, vi 10, 4, Isocr. 13 ? 11.
Cp. Andoc. 2 ? 21 66:56. ;an 5' d0 (iv-rt mva xp'qndnov, and
Dem. 14 ? 34 rohhi'bv a>> Xpnpdrwv 1rplaa'0ai.
qupd'ruv
has probably no recondite meaning. It does not refer to sums
of money either offered to Demosthenes by the Olynthians or
the king of Persia, or required for sending help to Olynthus,
or distributed among Athenian orators by Phili , or among the
people in general by Eubulus. Nevertheless, t e fact that the
question of the distribution of the theoric fund was being
raised (? ? 19, 20) would give additional point to the word.
2. cl. ? avepbv--o'xo1retr? : this dependent clause is the virtual
object of e? he? aOai. The order is: at 1r6pl (Too-row wept) 6>>:
01016215, ? tlll? p09 'ye? vorro To ,ue? hhov ovvolo'ew Tfi roha.
ye? vovro 16: this collocation (--ro 16) would have been avoided
by Isocrates.
3. nepl--o'xo'lre'i're: 3 ? 18 1rspi rpaypd'rwv 1rpo'r60ii axo1rei'v.
4. 8r: in causal sense (Goodwin MT. ? 713), 'now that,'
less strong than (in, but stronger than d. Cp. Plato Symp.
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. 31175009758841 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? 126 FIRST OLYNTHIAC I ? 1, 2
206 life 51'] 7031-0 6 5pm; ? 01! ! ! def. rotvw : here a particle
of transition rather than inference.
5. "flew, 'to be willing' or 'ready. ' flouhope? vuv,
'wishing' (Shilleto on FL. p. 348 ? 26, and Donaldson's
New Cralylus ? 463). Here the ordinarily weak sense of
? 0e? hew is strengthened by position and also by the adverb
1rpo0o/ws.
6. m" yap pdvov--e? 'lreMeiv el'n'e'iv: this sentence clearly
implies that there are advantages even in unpremeditated
speeches, as well as in those that are carefully prepared before-
hand. Demosthenes apparently intends his audience to suppose
that he is himself ready to trust to that inspiration which the
good fortune of Athens often supplies, rather than to any
elaborate reparation. In fact, however, he was generally
most unwilling to speak on the spur of the moment (Plut.
Dem. 8, 9). He distinctly avows premeditation in 21 ? 191
? p? T d): e'dKeu/Ae? vo. Kai WGPGO'KCUGO'ILe? IIG. miwa he? 'yw viiv. ? 711) 6'
e? oxe? ? 0az ,u. e? u . . ? 11,u. l ml 01'": Av dpvnficl-qv, Kai #e/Lehnrnxe? vai 'y'
(i); as,>> udhw'r' e? aol. It has been conjectured that Demosthenes
may have been preceded either by some such orator as Phocion,
who had possibly dwelt on the long consideration which he had
bestowed on the question (so Weil), or by the witty extempor-
aneous speaker Demades (ofi'ros Annoufle? uea Xe? 'yov-rz i'nre? p 'Ohvv-
01w! dr-re? heyev, Suidns). In the latter case si' n xpria'L/aov
e'axe/me? vos fist us may be a modest reference to men like
Demosthenes himself (so Voemel); while the sequel may be
regarded as an ironical but good-humoured allusion to the ready
speakers on the opposite side, who (as Demosthenes was fully
conscious) were more popular with his audience (Rehdantz,
followed by Blass, who, however, holds that this was the first
speech in the debate). GHSchaefer (followed by Heslop) says
of fixer 11s Dem. at de 11: certa loquitur . . 1mm se ipsu'm
intelligit. e? o-xeppe? vos: Mid. as in 15 ? 25 ; Mid. and Pass.
in 21 ? 191 quoted in last note.
7. win" av . . Mpovre is the apodosis to st dxolia'arre, implied
in the conditional participle alcove-owes.
8. iapcre? pas nix-qs: 4 ? 12, so. elvac, ? 10 T5: there? pas
d/uhefas (iv 14; 06117, 8 ? 48 50m? Tafi'ro. dandy-)7: pexdhm eivcu.
9. Gwekeeiv dv: orat. obl. for an e? re? hfloi. 650's" a;
find. me (11. 311 hexfie? v-rwv)----aipeo'w yeve? rrdau: Ep. 1 ? 4 fiddler
Till! Tail! ,Behrlo'rwv al'pso'w Karao'r'iio'ar, lsocr. 6 ? 4 iv' e? E drdv-rwv
imiv egg 113v [inBe'vav e? he? o'fial. 'rd. o'upzpopdrra'ra.
? 2 l. 12. plv 06v introduces the subject of the speech, as in
4? 2,2? 3,3? 3, 18? ? 3, 9.
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. 31175009758841 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? I ? 2 FIRST 0L YNTHIAC' 127
13. opuwfiv (Maids : personifying 6 1rd. de Kaipe? s. For similar
personifications cp. 18 ? 172 6 Kaipos e? xeivor . . dvdpa. {lather
(and Soph. El. 75), 19 ? 81 1'7 'ydp decm. Kai rd 1re1rpa'y/Le? v'
we Bag, and ? 119 rafi-r' 00x2 [306, Plato Protag. 361 A 60ch
'11an 1', dp'n. #5060: 16311 Mwa Ibo-rep dvfipanros mr-ryyopeiv re Kai
Kara'yehc'iv, Kill cl (pan/1'71! )uiBoz, slrre'iv 8. 1! 81-1. . . , Thuc. ii 43, 2.
14. ? xelvow, ' those ' or 'yonder,' the affairs of distant
Olynthus; separated from rpayud-rwv to emphasise xii/Iv and
0. 17102}. The latter pronoun implies pcrsmml service, ? 6 4111701):
e? Eiovras.
15. inre? p : 1repl, 4 ? ? 1, 4. o-orr'qptas min-6W: re? iv
rpaypdrwv (schol. ); 3 ? 21 19711 1131' rpaynd'rwv o'w-mplav, 36
? 30 owrnplav roi's e? airroii 1rpd.
? 51 l. 459. E16: pe? v 05v : a frequent formula for introducing
the peroration by marking the contrast between the speaker's
attitude and that of others. 063:) followed by re, 18 ? 216,
20? 76, 24 ? 29, 74 etc. d. are: the deliberative (or
parliamentary) speeches previously delivered by Demosthenes
were 0')". 14 1repl rc'bv ova/ropie? v, 15 1'11er rfis 'Podlwv e? heulieplar,
and 16 brre? p Me'ydkorrokire? 'w. The only extant forensic speech
already delivered by himself in a public cause was Or. 20 rpbs
Aerrrlvrlv. 1'pr Xdpw : ? 38 'n'pdr fidovriu.
460. eiMpqv is regarded by Goodwin MT. ? ? 156, 533 as
having 'a sense ap roaehing that of the gnomic Aorist,' and
as therefore followed by the Subj. It seems better to con-
sider werewpe? vos <3, 'I have been and am still convinced,'as
one of the many examples of the retention of the Subj. with
(Sir after a past tense (ib. ? 595).
461. oi'iSe? v {moo-rake? pevos (=01roprpd/aevos Hesych. ), ' un-
reservedly,' metaphor from 'furling sail,' 1 ? 16, 19 ? ? 156, 237,
338; 21 ? 70, 37 ? 48. Isocr. 8 ? 41 ofifie? v brroa'rcihdpevos
dhh' tutu/Eve's.
462. wewappqo'tew l: in the present speech Demosthenes
has expressed himsef with singular frankness and without
resorting to any phrases of apology. His increasing knowledge
of human nature led him to see that in all his subsequent
s eeches such apologetic phrases were indispensable (Rehdantz).
his is the only speech in which he applies to himself the verb
rdppno'idg'opai. He uses phrases, however, such as ,ucrd rap-
pmrias he? 'yew, with an apologetic context in 23 ? 204, 3 ? 3, 6
? 31, and especially 9 ? 3, and more unreservedly in 8 ? 21, 24
and 19 ? 237. iBouMprqv . . dv, vellem, 'I could have
wished (though that is impossible)'; Soph. Phil. 1239 KMew
6. 1! 066' firms e? fiovhop'qv.
463. o'uiquov--dkoikw: Prooem. 23 0'U]J. ? e? p? t r00 rd 6&-
rw'ra. Xe? 'yovros dKozisw.
464. o-uvoio-ov : sc. r6 rd [Se? hrm'r' shrst (or possibly dKoiiew).
Demosthenes expresses a similar apprehension on his own
behalf in 1 ? 16 and 3 ? 32, but never afterwards.
465. noMiii--fiSwv eIXov, 'I should have been far better
pleased. ' Prooem. 23 b iroka 764! an 1'15'011 elxe (Mss, elxor
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. 31175009758841 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? 124 FIRST PHILIPPIC' IV ? 51
Blass) vfiv 6% ? oBoU/4. m. E1r' c'xSfikols . . 8910s, 'with an un-
certainty as to the consequences to myself, yet with a. con-
viction that,' etc. ; 21 ? 30 e? 1r' 6. 61%05 pill 101': dfimfio'ovcnv,
d6fikozs 6% 102's d6m'qdo/4e? vozs, Thuc. i69, 2 e? 1ri ? avspo? s, viii 97
6'1rl 'rois Myehfle? vms . . vafis . . 6';st e? rkfipouv. Demosthenes
apparently apprehends a 'ypacph rapavbywv (Hartel Dem.
Avurdge p. 528).
467. hrl fq'i . . 1mm": hyperbaton for e? 1rl Tq? 1rs1re'i00ai
rau'h-a o'wlolo'ew {1,1sz :1>> rpdEm-e. wvo'o-ew: purposely put
into an emphatic position.
468. vur ' z 9 ? 76 G'UI'GVe? 'YKOL (Goodwin MT. ? 722). 8 n
(:6! TL) phyla (ib. ? 525).
469. mote-aw: Tb a'vmbe? pov is the theme of the speech as
a whole, and the verb has already been used five times in the
concluding paragraph. In the first, as in the third, Philippic
(ouveue? yxm) and the third Olynthian (uvvolo'sw . . ), the last word
is a word of good omen. Op. 01'. 1 Xp'qo'rb. 6' d1] 1rav1'bs echm,
2 ISA-now . . e? xby'rwv, 8 060m, 15 dperds, 18 Jump! " dazpakfi.
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. 31175009758841 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? NOTES ON THE
FIRST OLYNTHIAC (OR. I)
? 1 is also found (with slight variations) in Prooe'mium 3. $5 1, 2 are
parodied by Lucian Jupiter Tragoedus 15 lile 1":va iv, a! >> duo 1; 0:01,
xp-qlui-nuv illu'is e? As'crOmL widget, oi. ""pr ye'vme' imiv ii 1|. drive-i" apm 7007'
screr e'jf org: vim svveMyrrre. or! 'roiwv 70. 00' 0671>>: e' u, upon-fix" 1r -
Winn; mnpoivfiai poi! Aiyowos. o lair 013v 1m. pr xanpos, w 0605, novov ouxi
M'yu ? wviyv aidueis, ii-n 163v flpaZpIi-va c'ppups'mu; dynkqn're'ov infill e'o'rw,
find; 55 mivu oAi-yu'apws szw p. 0t oxofzpiev wpbs m'rra'.
? 1 l. 1. c'w-ri. arohke? v dv--e? Ma-Qal. vopigu, 'I think you
would give much to know,' lit. 'you would choose at the cost
of much money. ' alpe'ialiai din-l (2 ? 15, 3 ? 21, 6 ? 12) implies
the actual possession of the thing governed by dvrl, whereas
alpoia'Ocu 1rp6 implies a choice between two alternative ofi'ers.
Similarly mafia-0m 1rp6 in Thuc. i 33, 2, vi 10, 4, Isocr. 13 ? 11.
Cp. Andoc. 2 ? 21 66:56. ;an 5' d0 (iv-rt mva xp'qndnov, and
Dem. 14 ? 34 rohhi'bv a>> Xpnpdrwv 1rplaa'0ai.
qupd'ruv
has probably no recondite meaning. It does not refer to sums
of money either offered to Demosthenes by the Olynthians or
the king of Persia, or required for sending help to Olynthus,
or distributed among Athenian orators by Phili , or among the
people in general by Eubulus. Nevertheless, t e fact that the
question of the distribution of the theoric fund was being
raised (? ? 19, 20) would give additional point to the word.
2. cl. ? avepbv--o'xo1retr? : this dependent clause is the virtual
object of e? he? aOai. The order is: at 1r6pl (Too-row wept) 6>>:
01016215, ? tlll? p09 'ye? vorro To ,ue? hhov ovvolo'ew Tfi roha.
ye? vovro 16: this collocation (--ro 16) would have been avoided
by Isocrates.
3. nepl--o'xo'lre'i're: 3 ? 18 1rspi rpaypd'rwv 1rpo'r60ii axo1rei'v.
4. 8r: in causal sense (Goodwin MT. ? 713), 'now that,'
less strong than (in, but stronger than d. Cp. Plato Symp.
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. 31175009758841 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? 126 FIRST OLYNTHIAC I ? 1, 2
206 life 51'] 7031-0 6 5pm; ? 01! ! ! def. rotvw : here a particle
of transition rather than inference.
5. "flew, 'to be willing' or 'ready. ' flouhope? vuv,
'wishing' (Shilleto on FL. p. 348 ? 26, and Donaldson's
New Cralylus ? 463). Here the ordinarily weak sense of
? 0e? hew is strengthened by position and also by the adverb
1rpo0o/ws.
6. m" yap pdvov--e? 'lreMeiv el'n'e'iv: this sentence clearly
implies that there are advantages even in unpremeditated
speeches, as well as in those that are carefully prepared before-
hand. Demosthenes apparently intends his audience to suppose
that he is himself ready to trust to that inspiration which the
good fortune of Athens often supplies, rather than to any
elaborate reparation. In fact, however, he was generally
most unwilling to speak on the spur of the moment (Plut.
Dem. 8, 9). He distinctly avows premeditation in 21 ? 191
? p? T d): e'dKeu/Ae? vo. Kai WGPGO'KCUGO'ILe? IIG. miwa he? 'yw viiv. ? 711) 6'
e? oxe? ? 0az ,u. e? u . . ? 11,u. l ml 01'": Av dpvnficl-qv, Kai #e/Lehnrnxe? vai 'y'
(i); as,>> udhw'r' e? aol. It has been conjectured that Demosthenes
may have been preceded either by some such orator as Phocion,
who had possibly dwelt on the long consideration which he had
bestowed on the question (so Weil), or by the witty extempor-
aneous speaker Demades (ofi'ros Annoufle? uea Xe? 'yov-rz i'nre? p 'Ohvv-
01w! dr-re? heyev, Suidns). In the latter case si' n xpria'L/aov
e'axe/me? vos fist us may be a modest reference to men like
Demosthenes himself (so Voemel); while the sequel may be
regarded as an ironical but good-humoured allusion to the ready
speakers on the opposite side, who (as Demosthenes was fully
conscious) were more popular with his audience (Rehdantz,
followed by Blass, who, however, holds that this was the first
speech in the debate). GHSchaefer (followed by Heslop) says
of fixer 11s Dem. at de 11: certa loquitur . . 1mm se ipsu'm
intelligit. e? o-xeppe? vos: Mid. as in 15 ? 25 ; Mid. and Pass.
in 21 ? 191 quoted in last note.
7. win" av . . Mpovre is the apodosis to st dxolia'arre, implied
in the conditional participle alcove-owes.
8. iapcre? pas nix-qs: 4 ? 12, so. elvac, ? 10 T5: there? pas
d/uhefas (iv 14; 06117, 8 ? 48 50m? Tafi'ro. dandy-)7: pexdhm eivcu.
9. Gwekeeiv dv: orat. obl. for an e? re? hfloi. 650's" a;
find. me (11. 311 hexfie? v-rwv)----aipeo'w yeve? rrdau: Ep. 1 ? 4 fiddler
Till! Tail! ,Behrlo'rwv al'pso'w Karao'r'iio'ar, lsocr. 6 ? 4 iv' e? E drdv-rwv
imiv egg 113v [inBe'vav e? he? o'fial. 'rd. o'upzpopdrra'ra.
? 2 l. 12. plv 06v introduces the subject of the speech, as in
4? 2,2? 3,3? 3, 18? ? 3, 9.
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. 31175009758841 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? I ? 2 FIRST 0L YNTHIAC' 127
13. opuwfiv (Maids : personifying 6 1rd. de Kaipe? s. For similar
personifications cp. 18 ? 172 6 Kaipos e? xeivor . . dvdpa. {lather
(and Soph. El. 75), 19 ? 81 1'7 'ydp decm. Kai rd 1re1rpa'y/Le? v'
we Bag, and ? 119 rafi-r' 00x2 [306, Plato Protag. 361 A 60ch
'11an 1', dp'n. #5060: 16311 Mwa Ibo-rep dvfipanros mr-ryyopeiv re Kai
Kara'yehc'iv, Kill cl (pan/1'71! )uiBoz, slrre'iv 8. 1! 81-1. . . , Thuc. ii 43, 2.
14. ? xelvow, ' those ' or 'yonder,' the affairs of distant
Olynthus; separated from rpayud-rwv to emphasise xii/Iv and
0. 17102}. The latter pronoun implies pcrsmml service, ? 6 4111701):
e? Eiovras.
15. inre? p : 1repl, 4 ? ? 1, 4. o-orr'qptas min-6W: re? iv
rpaypdrwv (schol. ); 3 ? 21 19711 1131' rpaynd'rwv o'w-mplav, 36
? 30 owrnplav roi's e? airroii 1rpd.
