Magnesia was
occupied
by Philip, to enable
him to keep the 'l'hessalian confederation under his control
(?
him to keep the 'l'hessalian confederation under his control
(?
Demosthenese - First Philippic and the Olynthiacs
Supposing that he had get
control of the state in 354 5. 0. , might he not, after the proposal of
Apollodorus and before the third Olynthiac, have passed a law changing
the financial system, which would have involved the penalties implied in
3 Q 13? (the latter passage would be consistent with a recent change of law). '
The expedition to Euboea is placed by ASchaefer in 850 3. 0. , or before
the Olynthiacs; by Weil and Blass in 348 9. 0. , or after the Olynthiacs.
It is placed by Baran in 349 5. 0. , after the first, but before the third
Olynthiac, This last view would harmonise with Mr. Whibley's sugges-
tion that it was before the third Olynthiac, and after the proposal of
Apollodorus (and his punishment for the same), that Eubulus carried a
measure which (until repealed) would prevent any one else from making
any similar proposal for the future.
etirus its fioi'vkeo'ee Mpfie? ve're : a vaguer and therefore
milder form of expression than that in ? 20 06110 mus dvev
rpayadrwv--eis rd: e? oprds.
173. 6. 108601" implies the payment of a debt actually due,
2? 30, 5? 10,6? ? 22, so; 8? 65.
174. wpocBei--e? v'dei, 'so far from its being merely a fresh
source of revenue that is needed, you have no revenue at all. '
175. 11v ns strrot: ? 14 l. 123. 'ype? cbets lei-k, 'Do you
propose (or more) that this money should be (really) a military
fund? Verily, not I. My own opinion indeed is that soldiers
must be raised [and that this should be a military fund indeed],
and that there should be one and the same rule for receiving
payment and for doing one's duty (i. e. that only those should
receive military money who actually perform military service) ;
whereas your opinion is that you should simply without any
trouble receive (this fund) for the festivals. ' [Kai rafrr'
elvcu o-rparmrmd] is retained by OMeiser in Neue Jahrb.
no. 109 (1874), 706.
? 20 l. 179. ptav o'i'rv'rogw . . 'rfiv m'rrfiv: 3 ? 34, 14 ? 23
[110. mil/rafts.
180. fipeis 8' (h-yeTaOe 6621') . . hapfidvcw. 061-0: was,
'just as you do,' I won't say how; a formula for declining
to go into particulars. In 8 ? 74 'to the following efl'ect';
0p. 18 ? 138, 269, and 21 ? 7; 16 ? 27, 22 ? 40, 23 ? 193 did!
mar, 27 ? 30 raparrhr'la'id mar, 20 ? 82 ,Beflalws mos, Xen.
Anab. vi 1, 5 rexvmibs mus. dhhws mas and s! 1w: are frequent
in Demosthenes, etc.
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. 31175009758841 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? 1 ? 20, 21 FIRST 0L YNTHIAO' 147
181. t'cr'rl. Sfi hourdv ink, 'the only course left (I presume)
is for all of us to contribute ' to a war-tax. From the war-tax
no citizen was exempt (20 ? 18). Gilbert Gk. Cmt. Ant. i
4072 = 364 Eng]. ed. The orator's purpose, in threatening the
citizens with this unpopular tax, is to make them more disposed
to utilise the theoric fund.
182. Av no>>. ch Se? n, wohhe? : the amount of the war-tax
varied according to circumstances; cp. Gilbert pp. 367, 369
Eng]. ed.
183. Sci and (185) sedwwv, 'money must be had: without
money we can do nothing that must be done. '
186. 65v depends on 66715 (re? pos).
187. $05 Eo'rl. Kaipds, now, while there is opportunity; the
relative with a definite antecedent has no effect on the mood of
the verb. Had the exhortation been referred to the future,
we should have had {-'ws 8. 11 Kaipos, so long as there shall be an
opportunity (Goodwin MT. ? 520). amxaawei 're? 'w rpm-
ypd'raw, 'take our public policy in hand,' capessite rempublicam,
Sallust Cat. 52, 3.
? 21 l. 188. 1'6. rpziypwr(u. ): placed in the principal instead
of the subordinate clause, further defined by rd. @l-M'lr'rrov,
which is put in an emphatic position at the end of the sentence,
to introduce a new topic.
191. eirrpemis, 'in very good trim' (K. ), 4 ? 18; 3 ? 13
ebrperrto'at. 6); iv KdMur'r' 5x01: 18 ? 291 mix (I); 8. >>
eiivous Kat Nicolas nohlrns Ecrxe riyv 'ymb/trlv. The ellipse is
supplied in 4 ? 6 e? 'xei, 1('1 ,ue? v the 6. 11 e? llufw TLS' e? 'xot rohe? pip.
192. oli'r' 6v e? fifiveyxe ark, 'nor would he have begun the
war' ; 14 ? 35 e? x? e? pew rbv 1re? 7\e,u. ov.
193. wokepeiv: emphatic, 'really to fight. ' airrdv:
not mihsftov, but Whammy.
194. (is e? mdw: oil-rm dis e? -rrru'iv TL! duarpeirat, primo stat'im
impetu ct aggressu, dis e? }; e? rri8po/riis (Reiske), 'on the first
advance. ' 9 ? 22 (of Philip) e'rrie? r'ra. dis often coalesces with
adverbial phrases such as M17069, e? re? pws, dkkws, rdxos, e? TflTll~
,uwr, 7'71rlws, and it is here similarly used, but in an exceptional
manner, with a participle. Julian p. 273 (I); e? E e? ? 66ou Mil/6-
,uevov (quoted by Blass).
d>>; is, however, hard to explain. Wcil asks whether it means an quelque
sort. Hahn regards s'mdw as Fut. , 'as one who was on the point of attack-
ing,' 'even if he merely threatened an attack ' (Commentationes in honorem
Mommseni p. 695).
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. 31175009758841 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? 148 FIRST 0L YNTHIAG I ? 21, 22
167(5): i. e. when he began the war. This implies that the
speech was not delivered at the very beginning of Philip's war
with Olynthus (Weil).
195. dvatpv'la'eo'hi, 'to carry' or 'carry off" (everything).
For another sense see 1. 55.
197. 1'6. 16v Gmake? iv, 'the attitude of the Thessalians,'
'the state of Thessaly. ' In 353 13. 0. Philip had been invited
to aid the Aleuadae against the tyrants of Pherae (? 9, 12;
4 ? 35). The latter, though aided by the Phocians, were
finally defeated by the Macedonian forces and the Thessalian
cavalry in 352 B. 0.
Magnesia was occupied by Philip, to enable
him to keep the 'l'hessalian confederation under his control
(? 13, 2 ? 7).
? 22 l. 198. mime: the Thessalians, implied in a T601!
GETTath. On the neuter cp. 4 ? 8. (tn-ma: the
treachery of the Thessalians was proverbial, det 'yz'ip 115.
Ger-raMbv darw-ra (schol. on Aristoph. Plut. 521, and Zenohius
iv 29 Omahibv "mm/m, cp. Voemel's I'roleg. in Phil. p. 89).
23 ? 112 basis ,ue? v . . 0175610. wpoziddiKa-Ts 1rufi1r0're 163v Wham,
Ger-rake! 6' ofide? va. 1ru'11roG' durw' all. Eur. Frag. 422 Hohhot
rapfio'av, dhh' dmo'ra. Gsaaahuiv. Sirlrou, 'as you know. '
199. 4760'" Kai. def, ' by nature and by constant habit ' ;
Diphilus ap. Atheu. 225 A 12 Was: Kal raw-raxofi. KoptSfi,
' exactly,' 'just,' ' quite,' ' perfectly,' 5 ? 25. xopafifi 8(e? ) instead
of dmara. 1%, as though the former clause had begun with (paint
,ue'v Ital dei drwra 'r'7v.
200. I10. ua-as 6. 1raL-re'iv: 2 ? 11. Pagasae, the port of
Pherae, ha been captured by Philip, and was held by a
Macedonian garrison after he had given up Pherae itself. Cp.
? 13.
201. tillnepw'p-e? vou Middle, as in Aristoph. Vesp. 591 e? ? fi<
? w-ra. z. Muyvqa-Cav KeKmXfiKQo-t 'raxtgew, 'prevented'
by diplomatic protests. 2 ? 11 1repl Ma'yvrlalas Mryous rolsi'o'fial.
'I take the latter expression to state the fact with more precision:
the Thessalians ssed a vote to rcmonstmfe with Philip ; it is not probable
that they actual y hindered him. And if he afterwards gcwe to them Mag-
nesia, as we are told in a later oration, delivered 844 3. 0. (Phil. ii 5 22), he
probably gave it with reserve of the fortified ports to himself; since we
now that his ascendency over Thessaly was not only not relaxed, but
became more violent and oppressive,' Grote c. 87 viii 56. Cp. Thirlwall
v 306. If the Second Olymhiac is really the first in order of delivery,
xrwaixaUL would imply that the remonstrances previously expressed by
Ae? yuve n'mrio'eat were successful (Heslop). It was not until the close of
the Sacred War (346 5. 0. ) that Philip surrendered Magnesia, if as much as
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. 31175009758841 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? I ? ? 22, 23 FIRST 0L YNTHIAC' 149
this is implied in the Ilupf. e? 8i80v (Phil. ii ? 22). Philip III afterwards
placed a permanent garrison there, regarding it as one of the 'keys of
Greece' (Pans. vii 7, O).
202. fikovov: 2 ? 17.
203. Mpe? vas: 2 ? 9. Mooney: the Opt. Fut. is ofteuer
found in Xenophon than in the Attic orators. Cp. however 23
gm, 24 ? ? 155, 15s; 31 ? 2, 36 ? 6, 50 ? ? 44, 50, 56; 52 ? ? s,
22 ; 53 ? 8, 57 ? 16, 59 ? 38 (Rehdantz Index). Goodwin MT.
? 128.
204. Kup'lroiia'om, 'enjoy the revenue of. ' The Thessalians
had granted Philip their harbour and market dues in gratitude
for his services, and in compensation for the cost of his aid
against the tyrants of Pherae. Grote c. 87 viii 55.
205. Mon : independent Opt. continuing the quotation intro-
duced by Cos. Cp. Thuc. ii 72, 3, Xen. Anab. vii 3, 13, Good-
win M T. ? 675.
206. dronepfic'e-rm: this Fut. is also found in 24 ? 10,
39 ? 11, 40 ? 10. U'T? P'/]0'? TGL occurs in 20 ? 40. (i1roa-rep110-r'1-
O'ETGL has little support in Attic prose, Lys. 12 ? 70 ; in Isocr.
7 ? 34 it is the reading of one MS (I') only. It is sometimes
supposed that Futures in ~1101? aoaai or -w0fio'o,u. az are not Attic.
In the present instance that Fut. is unnecessary, as drowsprj-
(lg/Lat, like drourepofi/sm, has a Perfect sense. Kiihner G'r. Gr.
i 2, 112.
207. sis flevbv . . KG'I'GO'T'fiO'fl'G-L, 'will be straitencd. '
mi. 7115 rpmbfis, ' the means of support. '
208. ge? vms: Dat. after Tpo? 1]"s. [53] ? 29 Tpo? ds [. L'rrrpi, 3
? 20 @505le 101's a'rpa-revo/Le? vms, 4 ? 28 a'vrnpe? o'wv 1"? ) 50111641. ".
? 23 l. 208. ye: often combined with transitional particles,
such as 6M6. pfiv, to emphasise a new point; Kal . . 76 (2
? 10), 006. 4 76 (5 ? ? 16, 24; [7] ? 28). 76V . . Halovu. . .
'rbv 'Mupte? v: the chiefs of Paeonia and Illyria (cp. Tau Kapa.
5 ? 25, 16v Gpfixa 23 ?
control of the state in 354 5. 0. , might he not, after the proposal of
Apollodorus and before the third Olynthiac, have passed a law changing
the financial system, which would have involved the penalties implied in
3 Q 13? (the latter passage would be consistent with a recent change of law). '
The expedition to Euboea is placed by ASchaefer in 850 3. 0. , or before
the Olynthiacs; by Weil and Blass in 348 9. 0. , or after the Olynthiacs.
It is placed by Baran in 349 5. 0. , after the first, but before the third
Olynthiac, This last view would harmonise with Mr. Whibley's sugges-
tion that it was before the third Olynthiac, and after the proposal of
Apollodorus (and his punishment for the same), that Eubulus carried a
measure which (until repealed) would prevent any one else from making
any similar proposal for the future.
etirus its fioi'vkeo'ee Mpfie? ve're : a vaguer and therefore
milder form of expression than that in ? 20 06110 mus dvev
rpayadrwv--eis rd: e? oprds.
173. 6. 108601" implies the payment of a debt actually due,
2? 30, 5? 10,6? ? 22, so; 8? 65.
174. wpocBei--e? v'dei, 'so far from its being merely a fresh
source of revenue that is needed, you have no revenue at all. '
175. 11v ns strrot: ? 14 l. 123. 'ype? cbets lei-k, 'Do you
propose (or more) that this money should be (really) a military
fund? Verily, not I. My own opinion indeed is that soldiers
must be raised [and that this should be a military fund indeed],
and that there should be one and the same rule for receiving
payment and for doing one's duty (i. e. that only those should
receive military money who actually perform military service) ;
whereas your opinion is that you should simply without any
trouble receive (this fund) for the festivals. ' [Kai rafrr'
elvcu o-rparmrmd] is retained by OMeiser in Neue Jahrb.
no. 109 (1874), 706.
? 20 l. 179. ptav o'i'rv'rogw . . 'rfiv m'rrfiv: 3 ? 34, 14 ? 23
[110. mil/rafts.
180. fipeis 8' (h-yeTaOe 6621') . . hapfidvcw. 061-0: was,
'just as you do,' I won't say how; a formula for declining
to go into particulars. In 8 ? 74 'to the following efl'ect';
0p. 18 ? 138, 269, and 21 ? 7; 16 ? 27, 22 ? 40, 23 ? 193 did!
mar, 27 ? 30 raparrhr'la'id mar, 20 ? 82 ,Beflalws mos, Xen.
Anab. vi 1, 5 rexvmibs mus. dhhws mas and s! 1w: are frequent
in Demosthenes, etc.
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. 31175009758841 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? 1 ? 20, 21 FIRST 0L YNTHIAO' 147
181. t'cr'rl. Sfi hourdv ink, 'the only course left (I presume)
is for all of us to contribute ' to a war-tax. From the war-tax
no citizen was exempt (20 ? 18). Gilbert Gk. Cmt. Ant. i
4072 = 364 Eng]. ed. The orator's purpose, in threatening the
citizens with this unpopular tax, is to make them more disposed
to utilise the theoric fund.
182. Av no>>. ch Se? n, wohhe? : the amount of the war-tax
varied according to circumstances; cp. Gilbert pp. 367, 369
Eng]. ed.
183. Sci and (185) sedwwv, 'money must be had: without
money we can do nothing that must be done. '
186. 65v depends on 66715 (re? pos).
187. $05 Eo'rl. Kaipds, now, while there is opportunity; the
relative with a definite antecedent has no effect on the mood of
the verb. Had the exhortation been referred to the future,
we should have had {-'ws 8. 11 Kaipos, so long as there shall be an
opportunity (Goodwin MT. ? 520). amxaawei 're? 'w rpm-
ypd'raw, 'take our public policy in hand,' capessite rempublicam,
Sallust Cat. 52, 3.
? 21 l. 188. 1'6. rpziypwr(u. ): placed in the principal instead
of the subordinate clause, further defined by rd. @l-M'lr'rrov,
which is put in an emphatic position at the end of the sentence,
to introduce a new topic.
191. eirrpemis, 'in very good trim' (K. ), 4 ? 18; 3 ? 13
ebrperrto'at. 6); iv KdMur'r' 5x01: 18 ? 291 mix (I); 8. >>
eiivous Kat Nicolas nohlrns Ecrxe riyv 'ymb/trlv. The ellipse is
supplied in 4 ? 6 e? 'xei, 1('1 ,ue? v the 6. 11 e? llufw TLS' e? 'xot rohe? pip.
192. oli'r' 6v e? fifiveyxe ark, 'nor would he have begun the
war' ; 14 ? 35 e? x? e? pew rbv 1re? 7\e,u. ov.
193. wokepeiv: emphatic, 'really to fight. ' airrdv:
not mihsftov, but Whammy.
194. (is e? mdw: oil-rm dis e? -rrru'iv TL! duarpeirat, primo stat'im
impetu ct aggressu, dis e? }; e? rri8po/riis (Reiske), 'on the first
advance. ' 9 ? 22 (of Philip) e'rrie? r'ra. dis often coalesces with
adverbial phrases such as M17069, e? re? pws, dkkws, rdxos, e? TflTll~
,uwr, 7'71rlws, and it is here similarly used, but in an exceptional
manner, with a participle. Julian p. 273 (I); e? E e? ? 66ou Mil/6-
,uevov (quoted by Blass).
d>>; is, however, hard to explain. Wcil asks whether it means an quelque
sort. Hahn regards s'mdw as Fut. , 'as one who was on the point of attack-
ing,' 'even if he merely threatened an attack ' (Commentationes in honorem
Mommseni p. 695).
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. 31175009758841 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? 148 FIRST 0L YNTHIAG I ? 21, 22
167(5): i. e. when he began the war. This implies that the
speech was not delivered at the very beginning of Philip's war
with Olynthus (Weil).
195. dvatpv'la'eo'hi, 'to carry' or 'carry off" (everything).
For another sense see 1. 55.
197. 1'6. 16v Gmake? iv, 'the attitude of the Thessalians,'
'the state of Thessaly. ' In 353 13. 0. Philip had been invited
to aid the Aleuadae against the tyrants of Pherae (? 9, 12;
4 ? 35). The latter, though aided by the Phocians, were
finally defeated by the Macedonian forces and the Thessalian
cavalry in 352 B. 0.
Magnesia was occupied by Philip, to enable
him to keep the 'l'hessalian confederation under his control
(? 13, 2 ? 7).
? 22 l. 198. mime: the Thessalians, implied in a T601!
GETTath. On the neuter cp. 4 ? 8. (tn-ma: the
treachery of the Thessalians was proverbial, det 'yz'ip 115.
Ger-raMbv darw-ra (schol. on Aristoph. Plut. 521, and Zenohius
iv 29 Omahibv "mm/m, cp. Voemel's I'roleg. in Phil. p. 89).
23 ? 112 basis ,ue? v . . 0175610. wpoziddiKa-Ts 1rufi1r0're 163v Wham,
Ger-rake! 6' ofide? va. 1ru'11roG' durw' all. Eur. Frag. 422 Hohhot
rapfio'av, dhh' dmo'ra. Gsaaahuiv. Sirlrou, 'as you know. '
199. 4760'" Kai. def, ' by nature and by constant habit ' ;
Diphilus ap. Atheu. 225 A 12 Was: Kal raw-raxofi. KoptSfi,
' exactly,' 'just,' ' quite,' ' perfectly,' 5 ? 25. xopafifi 8(e? ) instead
of dmara. 1%, as though the former clause had begun with (paint
,ue'v Ital dei drwra 'r'7v.
200. I10. ua-as 6. 1raL-re'iv: 2 ? 11. Pagasae, the port of
Pherae, ha been captured by Philip, and was held by a
Macedonian garrison after he had given up Pherae itself. Cp.
? 13.
201. tillnepw'p-e? vou Middle, as in Aristoph. Vesp. 591 e? ? fi<
? w-ra. z. Muyvqa-Cav KeKmXfiKQo-t 'raxtgew, 'prevented'
by diplomatic protests. 2 ? 11 1repl Ma'yvrlalas Mryous rolsi'o'fial.
'I take the latter expression to state the fact with more precision:
the Thessalians ssed a vote to rcmonstmfe with Philip ; it is not probable
that they actual y hindered him. And if he afterwards gcwe to them Mag-
nesia, as we are told in a later oration, delivered 844 3. 0. (Phil. ii 5 22), he
probably gave it with reserve of the fortified ports to himself; since we
now that his ascendency over Thessaly was not only not relaxed, but
became more violent and oppressive,' Grote c. 87 viii 56. Cp. Thirlwall
v 306. If the Second Olymhiac is really the first in order of delivery,
xrwaixaUL would imply that the remonstrances previously expressed by
Ae? yuve n'mrio'eat were successful (Heslop). It was not until the close of
the Sacred War (346 5. 0. ) that Philip surrendered Magnesia, if as much as
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. 31175009758841 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? I ? ? 22, 23 FIRST 0L YNTHIAC' 149
this is implied in the Ilupf. e? 8i80v (Phil. ii ? 22). Philip III afterwards
placed a permanent garrison there, regarding it as one of the 'keys of
Greece' (Pans. vii 7, O).
202. fikovov: 2 ? 17.
203. Mpe? vas: 2 ? 9. Mooney: the Opt. Fut. is ofteuer
found in Xenophon than in the Attic orators. Cp. however 23
gm, 24 ? ? 155, 15s; 31 ? 2, 36 ? 6, 50 ? ? 44, 50, 56; 52 ? ? s,
22 ; 53 ? 8, 57 ? 16, 59 ? 38 (Rehdantz Index). Goodwin MT.
? 128.
204. Kup'lroiia'om, 'enjoy the revenue of. ' The Thessalians
had granted Philip their harbour and market dues in gratitude
for his services, and in compensation for the cost of his aid
against the tyrants of Pherae. Grote c. 87 viii 55.
205. Mon : independent Opt. continuing the quotation intro-
duced by Cos. Cp. Thuc. ii 72, 3, Xen. Anab. vii 3, 13, Good-
win M T. ? 675.
206. dronepfic'e-rm: this Fut. is also found in 24 ? 10,
39 ? 11, 40 ? 10. U'T? P'/]0'? TGL occurs in 20 ? 40. (i1roa-rep110-r'1-
O'ETGL has little support in Attic prose, Lys. 12 ? 70 ; in Isocr.
7 ? 34 it is the reading of one MS (I') only. It is sometimes
supposed that Futures in ~1101? aoaai or -w0fio'o,u. az are not Attic.
In the present instance that Fut. is unnecessary, as drowsprj-
(lg/Lat, like drourepofi/sm, has a Perfect sense. Kiihner G'r. Gr.
i 2, 112.
207. sis flevbv . . KG'I'GO'T'fiO'fl'G-L, 'will be straitencd. '
mi. 7115 rpmbfis, ' the means of support. '
208. ge? vms: Dat. after Tpo? 1]"s. [53] ? 29 Tpo? ds [. L'rrrpi, 3
? 20 @505le 101's a'rpa-revo/Le? vms, 4 ? 28 a'vrnpe? o'wv 1"? ) 50111641. ".
? 23 l. 208. ye: often combined with transitional particles,
such as 6M6. pfiv, to emphasise a new point; Kal . . 76 (2
? 10), 006. 4 76 (5 ? ? 16, 24; [7] ? 28). 76V . . Halovu. . .
'rbv 'Mupte? v: the chiefs of Paeonia and Illyria (cp. Tau Kapa.
5 ? 25, 16v Gpfixa 23 ?
