For the purposes of our sketch, it may be sufficient to state, that these holy sisters are related to have been
daughters
to Ella or Alell, said to have been King of Scotia, and to this some authors add, of Northumbria.
O'Hanlon - Lives of the Irish Saints - v7
The name of this parish in Irish is Buirgheis a da Mile, of which Two-mile-Borris is the
English translation.
pp. 192, 193.
l6 See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus iii. ,
Julii xii. Among the pretermitted saints,
12
This is the form of name Beaufort adopts
It is marked, on the Ordnance Sur-
vey Townland Maps for the County of
Clare," sheet 43.
3 It is noted, on the " Ordnance Survey
Townland Maps for the County of Tippe- rary," sheets 50, 58.
« It is set down, on the "Ordnance Sur-
vey Townland Maps for the King's County,"
Townland Maps for the Queen's County, sheet 31.
6
These are marked, on the "Ordnance Survey Townland Maps for the County of Galway," sheets 60, 61, 73, 74.
7 See "General Alphabetical Index to the Townlands and Towns, Parishes and Baronies of Ireland," sub loco.
8 Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp. 192, 193.
on his Ecclesiastical Map. The name Buir-
gheis or Borris, occurring so frequently in the same part of Ireland, is not of Irish, but of Anglo-Noiman. origin, and it signifies a Bur- gage.
13 It is said to have been called Two Mile Borris, from its being two Irish milesorover from the town of Thurles.
l * Having sought for Liathmore in the southern part of the King's County, Mr. O'Donovan found, however, no trace of a church bearing such a name, or any tradition regarding it, in that part of the country. He thought subsequently, that notwithstanding the disappearance of the name and object of his search, the locality of this church could be pointed out with considerable accuracy.
sheets
the
by parishes
on the south-
j s Edited Rev. Drs. Todd and by
Reeves,
pp. 246, 247. — Article III.
Edited by Rev. Dr.
Kelly, p. xxix. 2"
28.
5 It is noted, on the "Ordnance Survey
27,
13andit
July 12. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 217
Colman, Priest, of Cluain Bruchais. The Bollandists,9 likewise, enter Colman, with the addition of Brucais, at the 12th day of July.
Article IV. —St. Ultan, of Cork, County of Cork. The Martyr-
of J mentions,thatvenerationwas toUltanof 2 ology Donegal given Corcach,
at the 1 2th of July. The city of Cork derives its name from the Irish word Corca, " marsh f sometimes called Corca-mor, " the great marsh. "? It was a tract of low ground, often flooded, near the debouchment of the River Lee. This celebrated district has a pre-Christian history ;4 but its Christian origin dates back to the earlier part of the seventh century. 5 Oilier accounts, at an earlier period, make St. . Finbarr first founder of a religious house at this place. The present city of Cork—the main part of it south of the river— stands over a concealed network of — veins from the
and
Article V. —Reputed Festival of St. Luanus, Monk. At the 12th
of July, we find the feast of St. Luanus, a monk, set down in Henry Fitz-
simon's Catalogue, with references to St. Bernard, Jocelyn, and the English
running waters, Lee, abovethecityisthepublicwalkcalledMardyke interpretedMarshes-dyke. At the 1 2th of July, likewise, the Bollandists 6 record a festival for Ultanus
mundus de Corca^ia.
1
man to have been no other than the cele- appears
This
brated St. Molua, Abbot of Clonfert Molua, whose proper feast belongs to
Martyrology.
holy 2
the of 4th day
August.
Arnold Wion for the of St. Luanus, entry
Citing
Abbas, at the 12th July, at this same date the Bollandists 3 refer for further
notices to the festival of St. Malachy, Archbishop of Armagh, which is held on the 3rd of November.
Article VI. —Reputed Feast of St. Levanus. We have a St. Levanus entered at the 12th of July, in the anonymous Calendar published
by saint
he had been confounded with St. —
O'—Sullevan Beare. 1
Elsewhere, we can find no for this feast or authority
may
by referring to the Bollandists' work. ArticleVII. —ReputedFestivalofDivusorDius. ThenameDii
unless, indeed,
be, that this entry had been— Martyrs at Caesarea in Cappadocia whose feast occurs at this date, as may be seen
and Reeves, pp. 192, 193.
2 A note by Dr. Todd says at Corcach :
" The more recent hand adds here, ' Nasan, apud Mar,' who is thus recorded, flApon ciAn o cincAib (Nasan far from crimes), in the Mart, of Mar. O'Gorman. "
3WilliamAllinghamon"IrishNamesof Places. "
4 See Miss Cusack's " of the History City
and County of Cork," chap, i. , ii. , p. I to 30.
"
5 See Dr.
tory of Ireland," vol. ii. , chap, xiv. , sect, iv. ,
Lanigan's
intendedforaSt. Laventius oneofthe
orDius' is setdownin the of 2 atthe12thof Martyrology Donegal,
July,
9 See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus iii. ,
pp. 314, 31 5.
6
Julii xii. p. 247.
Among the pretermitted saints,
Todd
See, "Acta Sanctorum," tomus iii. Among the pretermitted saints, p. 247.
"
Article iv. — Edited by Drs.
—
Historiae Catholicae Iberniae Compen-
" Ecclesiastical His-
xii.
Cornio seu Corninsio. et Laventio Csesarae
2
Article v.
Luanus. Or
l
dium," tomus i. , lib. iv. , cap. xii. , p. 55.
2 See his Life at that date, in the succeed-
ing volume.
3 See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus iii.
the —
Among pretermitted saints, p. 247.
l"
Articlevi. See HistoriaeCatholicce
Iberniae Compendium," tomus i. , lib. v. ,
cap. 3
p. 50.
See O'Sullevan
Beare's
xi. ,
See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus iii. , Julii
De Sanctis Martyribus Divo seu Dio, in Cappadocia, p. 295.
it
218 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
[July 13.
and within brackets. We cannot find more concerning him ; but, it seems most probable, he was the Martyr Divus or Dins—as entered in the ancient Hieronymian Martyrology—and who suffered with others at Caesarea in Cappadocia. 3
Article VIII. —St. MochulljEus. It would appear from his post- humous list of Irish Saints, that Colgan had the biography of St. Mochullaeus readyforpublication,andtobeinsertedatthe12thdayofJuly. Wecannot divine who this saint had been or when he flourished.
Article IX. —Reputed Feast of St. Mono, Martyr. From a
*
Manuscript Florarius Sanctorum, the Bollandists insert this feast to St.
Mono, Martyr. But they state, likewise, they could not find it in other writers treating about him ; and therefore, they refer to the 18th of October for the Acts of this holy Martyr, as being the proper date for his festival.
Article X. —St. Felix and his Companions, Martyrs. In the
early Irish Church, on the 12th of July, the Feast of St. Felix and of his
Companions, Martyrs, had been celebrated. 1 At this date, likewise, in the
ancient Calendars, St. Felix and St. Nabor are set down as having suffered
martyrdom at Milan, during the reign of the Emperor Maximinian, as related in their Acts which have come down to us. The Bollandists 2 have an account
of them, at this day, and in a learned previous dissertation^ they enter upon a critical examination of the historic records concerning them.
Cbu'tetntl) JBaj) of Snip.
ARTICLE I. —SAINTS BRIGID AND MAURA, SISTERS, VIRGINS AND MARTYRS.
[FIFTH OR SIXTH CENTURY. }
period when these holy virgins flourished has been assigned to the
fifth and THE —
Article vii. — '
by
others to the sixth
—
century.
However,
nothing
can well
In a note
adds at Dins: " This name is also added by
feasts, Article x.
the more recent hand, with the authority,
Mar. , where it is probable that in the words
p? il t)u Am fepcAig, the word Dii may be
intended as the genitive of Dius. "
'
See in the "Feilire" of Royal Irish Academy," Irish Manuscript Series, vol. i. , part i. On the Calendar of Oengus.
2a Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp.
192, 193.
3 Seethe Bollandists' "Acta Sanctorum,"
tomus iii. , Julii xii. De Sanctis Martyribus Divo seu Dio, Cornio sive Corninsio, et
Laventio, Csesarea in Cappadocia, p. 295. Article ix. — See "Acta Sanctorum,"
tomus iii. , Julii xii. Among the pretermitted
See "Acta Sanctorum,'' tomus iii. ,Julii xii. DeSanctisMartyribusNaboreetFelice
paragraphs, ate to be found in succession.
Dr. Todd
p. 247.
—
—"Transactions of the
By Whitley Stokes, LL. D. , p. ex.
St. /Engus.
Mediolaniel Colonise, 280 to pp.
294.
3 Their Commentaiius Prcevius is con- taine1 insevensectionsandfifty-fourpara- graphs. Their Passio, in nine paragraphs, and their Acta paulo amphora, in 'eleven
July 13. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 219
be determined, as accounts concerning them, are vague, and where circum- stantial, often involved with inconsistencies of narrative, or not reconcilable with historic criticism. Wherever he procured them, Colgan had prepared the Acts of these holy women for publication, at the 13th of July, as appears from the posthumous list of his Manuscripts. The Bollandists insert some notices of Maura and Britta or at the of 1 as
Brigida, 13th July; but, they remark, Father Henschenn at the 5th of May has placed them among the
2
pretermittedsaints, withadoubtexpressed,thattheymaybeidenticalwith
St. Maura and St. Britta, Martyrs, treated of at the 15th day of January. 3
him to the
some account of th—em free from the legendary traditions of the Irish
Their Acts have been referred
by
date, where he — present hoped
but rather of the French writers, might be found. This legacy had been left by him to the succeeding Bollandists, who indeed had records and documents referring to them, but who did not deem it expedient to add anything to what hadbeeninsertedatthe15thofJanuary/ Accordingtosomeconjectures, these saints, venerated at Tours and called Virgins only, are different from
the present holy women, venerated at Beauvais, and designated Virgins and Martyrs. The Abbe Sabatier 5 and the Petits Bollandists 6 have notices of a legendary character, at this date, in reference to Saints Maure and Brigide, Virgins and Martyrs, in the diocese of Beauvais. The substance of their
Legendisgiven,likewise,byRev. S. Baring-Gould. ? Thishasbeendrawn from Guerin and Giry. There are festivals supposed to commemorate them,
8 and14th9 of
dates, promises have been held out, to treat about these holy Virgins and
Martyrs at greater length, on the 13th of July, we are now obliged to insert what seems most credible in reference to them ; for, it can hardly be gain- said, that most of the stories related are too wildly romantic and improbable for serious acceptance.
For the purposes of our sketch, it may be sufficient to state, that these holy sisters are related to have been daughters to Ella or Alell, said to have been King of Scotia, and to this some authors add, of Northumbria. 10 The Irish writers contend, that they were born in Ireland, and their period has been referred to the fifth or sixth century by Continental writers, from whom accounts concerning them have been drawn. Their mother is called Panti- lomena, who died in giving birth to these twin sisters. On being baptized, the infant Maura declared to all present that her mother was in Heaven,
likewise,
atthe
4th
January.
Asateachofthe
preceding
while Britta or
issued from the font surrounded 11 by dazzling light.
Article i.
tomus iii. , Julii xiii.
du Diocese de
mitted
2 See ibid. , tomus ii. ,
Beauvais. "
6 See "Vies des Saints," tome viii. ,
xiiie Jour de Juillet, pp. 274 to 278.
—x
Brigid
See "Acta Sanctorum," Among the preter-
s in his Saints "Viesdes
saints, p. 471.
Maii v. Among the pretermitted saints, p. 3. See also the Fifth
7 See his
"
Lives of the Saints," vol. vii. ,
Volume of this work, at May 5th, Art. iv.
July 13th, pp. 306 to 309.
8 See the First Volume of
that date, Art. v.
9 See ibid. , Art. iii.
I0
3 tomus See "Acta Sanctorum,"
this work, at
i. , Januarii xv. Vita S. Maune et Brittae, p. 1018. See also the First Volume of the
present work, at that date, Art. iii.
4 The Bollandist writer, at the present day,
adds, that the same hope, which inspired
Father Henschenn to escape from their
involved history by the discoveiy of more
authentic materials, might yet result in a
finding that could be referred to a possible
There wis an Ella, King of Northum- berland, in 866. He was slain by the Danes, at a place, since called from him Elle-Croft. See John Speed's "History of Great Bri- taine," &c , book vii. , chap. ix. ,p. 318.
" "Both babes, as we are gravely told, were given to one nurse to suckle, and as she had milk only in one breast, both little sisters
supplement for the Bollandists' completed
work, and to be appended at the 15th of were reared at the same one. Ella, we are
January.
also informed, was then in his capital Edin-
220 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
[July 13.
TheyaresaidtohavehadabrothernamedHispadusorEspian. Thefather of these youthful virgins had earnestly desired that they should be united in marriage to husbands befitting their rank and station j but, his daughters had other purposes in view, as they had chosen Christ for their spouse, and accordingly they rejected all proposals relating to marriage. At the tender age of thirteen, both the sisters resolved on taking a vow of virginity. Soon afterwards their father died, and according to the Legend, he left crown and kingdom to his son. " The latter wished, however, to lead a religious life. Not chosing the burdens of state, he concerted with his sisters, that all three should leave their native country. It is said, that one night they stole away from Edinburgh, and directed, their course to England, where the maidens escaped from the machinations of evil-minded men, and through miracles wrought in their favour. Leaving England, they proceeded to France.
From the latter country, the holy triad Maura, Britta and Espian, went to
Rome, with a great desire to visit the tombs of the Apostle. In the Eternal City,
they formed the acquaintance of a man, named Ursicinus, with whom they
lodged, and who was distinguished for his piety. Through their prayers, he
was freed from a 1* It was now that all four grievous infirmity. resolved,
should visit the Holy Land, where they might have an opportunity of treading in the footsteps of our Divine Redeemer. These sacred spots were watered with their tears. They returned from the Holy Land together to Italy, and afterwards they landed at Marseilles in France. It so happened, that Ursicinus meeting with an accident at Anjou had broken his leg, when St. Maura wrapped her veil around the fractured limb, of which soon afterwards he found the use. About the same time, a small girl, who had been blind, received the gift of sight, when kissed by the Blessed Brigid. Soon afterwards, Ursicin was seized with a fever, and then he saw in a vision the crown of martyrdom prepared for Saints Maura, Britta and their brother Espian. Again, he was miraculously healed, and he accompainied them to Angers. In this place, a widow named Aldegunde had just lost her son named John by
death, but through the prayers and merits of St. Maura he was again restored to life. With her, the holy company there lodged. It was next resolved to visit the tomb of St. Martin in pilgrimage. Aldegund and her son John went in company with the holy travellers. On their way, Maura happened to meet in Touraine a young man named Joel, the son of Gerontius, who had been killed by an arrow, and him she raised to life. At the same time, she pre- dicted, that he should meet a martyr's death, after a lapse of twenty-two years. That house in which Gerontius lived afterwards became the site of a church,
1 dedicated to St. Maura. *
The pilgrims having set out soon arrived at Balagny, near Creil, in the diocese of Beauvais. At this time, France had been overrun by hordes of northern barbarians. A party of pagan robbers approached the place, where the pious pilgrims were, and gave vent to their lawless passions. St. Espian drew his sword to defend his sisters, but he was instantly massacred before their eyes. Afterwards, the widow Aldegund and her son John, together with Saints Maura and Britta, were put to death. They suffered martyrdom within the Beluacensian *s territory of ancient Gaul, it is said before the year 550. Urcissinus escaped from this slaughter to the village of
burgh. Some authors affirm, that for this cause, Edinburgh Castle had been call—ed Agnetes, or the Castle of the Maidens. " Rev. S.
found on the lists of the Kings of Scot- land.
"Lives of the Saints," vol. vii. , July 13th, p. 307.
12
It need scarcely be observed, that the names both of Ella and of Espin are not to be
tome
xiiie
de
Baring-Gould's
Saints," p. 276.
viii. ,
Jour
Juillet,
*s See Les Petits
Bollandistes,
" Vies des
I4 It is situated near St. Catherine de Fcribois, in Touraine.
July 13. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 221
Balagny,whereheinformedthevillagersofwhathadoccurred. Hewasnot present at the place where the saintly victims had been massacred j yet, be had a vision of celestial light, which seemed to rest over the spot, where their death took place. The sacred remains were then collected, and reverently consignedtothetomb. TheBishopofBeauvais,whoreceivedanaccount of the foregoing occurrences caused Maure and Brigid to be venerated as Virgins and Martyrs. Their festival has been noted in the Calendars on the 13th of July, which is supposed to have been the date for their martyrdom.
On this day, they are commemorated in the Breviaries of Beauvais and of
Nogent. They are recorded, likewise, in the Martyrologies of Ferrarius ,6 1
and of Saussay. ? In the following century, Queen Bathilde ordered the bodies
to be translated to the monastery of Chelles, which she caused to be built
near Lagny. However, when oxen were yoked to a chariot for the purpose,
these refused to move, when they had come to the crossing road at Nogent,
near to Creil. Then, having been permitted to take their own course, they
turned towards the place afterwards called the Croix de Sainte-Maure, and
there taking the direction which led to the church of Nogent, they deposited
their sacred burden. The saints were then buried in its cemetery and right
opposite to the altar of the church. It is related by St. Gregory of Tours,18
that the bodies of St. Maura and of St. Brigid lay near Tours, and that they
had been miraculously discovered by a man finding a wax candle amid some
brambles on a little hill. He then related what he had seen to the Bishop
Euphronius, who dug there and found the bodies. Next night, the holy
virgins appeared to the bishop, and told him their names. The bodies of
those virgins were long preserved, it was thought, in a church dedicated to
1
them near Tours, ^ but the remains may have been different from those of the
holy persons this day commemorated.
In the year 1185, Pope Urban III. directed the Bishops of Beauvais
and Senlis to have their relics honourably enshrined; and he imparted Plenary Indulgences to all who should visit the church of Nogent, between Sunday in the Octave of the Ascension and the Feast of St. John the Baptist,
should venerate and invoke those 20 The bodies of martyrs.
provided they
St. Maura and of St. Brigid were preserved in the church of Nogent, until the time of St. Louis, King of France, who in 1242 visited the church of St. Maure and St. Brigid. This he found to be too small, and he caused the choir to be enlarged. Then, he had their relics removed to new shrines. This work was supervised by Eudes, coadjutor to the Bishop of Beauvais. In the year 1343, Jean de Marigny, Bishop of the same city, had that shrine opened for an inspection of the relics. 21 In the year 1635, the shrines looking old and faded were renewed by the ordinary of the diocese ; and this caused a revival of devotion among the people towards those holy Virgins and Martyrs. They were especially invoked during the periods of prevailing epidemics and pest. A great contagion spread two years afterwards in the parish of St. Andrew, in the city ot Beauvais. A vow was made by the Cure' and by his parishioners, to proceed in solemn procession to the chapel of St. Maure and of St. Brigid. This vow they fulfilled, and on the very day of that procession, the pestilence ceased, so that no other person became infected
13 The Bellovaci were a in people, living
*' See Rev. S. Gould's "Lives of Baring-
or near the modern Beauvais.
16 20 "
In his General Catalogue.
17 In his French Martyrology.
18 In his work, " De Gloria Confesso-
rum," lib. xviii. The saint relates no par- ticulars to throw light on the history of these holy Virgins and Martyrs.
the Saints," July 13th, p. 309.
See Les Petits Bollandistes, Vies des
Saints," tome viii. , xiiie Jour de Juillet, p. 278.
3I
Afterwards, he became Archbishop of Rouen.
" The foregoing accounts are to be found,
222 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
[July 13.
withit, andthosewhohadbeenattackedbecameconvalescentinashort time, no other victim having been added to the previous list of mortality. * The memory of St. Maura and of St. Britta was held in veneration in the church of Nogent—called from them Nogent-les-Vierges—on the 13th of July, andonthe4thofJanuary. ^ Thelatterofthesedateswasprobablythatre- ferring to the Translation of their relics.
Article II. —St. Cairill or Carell, of Tamnach, County of
Sligo. The present St. Carell is said to have been the son of Cormac, son
to Trenn, son of Emchad, son to Mair, son of Ere, son to Tribad, son to Sodan, son of Fiach Aradius. 1 Thus is his genealogy drawn from the royal
line of Ultonia. It is he was a said,
of St. 2 When St. Benignus.
disciple
Patrick visited the territory of Hua Noilella. 3 in the western part of Ireland,
he founded a church eastwards in Tamhnagh. This is now known as the church of Taunagh or Tawnagh. * St. Cairell seems to have been elevated to the episcopal rank, and to have been placed over this church. s He is
6
numbered St. Patrick's among
this is the St. Cairell of the country of Tir-ros, noted in the Martyrologies of Tallagh, ofMarianusO'Gorman,andofDonegal. Itseems,likely,however,thathe has noted incorrectly the 13th of July, for the 13th of June. At this latter date, by referring to St. CairelPs feast, as bishop at Tir Rois,? it would seem, that he flourished, not in the time of St. Patrick, but at a period long subse-
quent. He is there represented, as having been a contemporary with St. ColmanEla,ofLannEla,nowLynnally,intheKing'sCounty. Thusmust we draw a line of demarkation between both saints, however similarly named.
Article III. —St. Ernin, or Arney, of Inis-caoin, now Innis- keen, Counties of Meath and Cavan. At the 13th of July, veneration
1
was given to Ernin, of Inis-caoin, as appears in the Martyrology of Donegal. There are three distinct Inis-caoins, viz. : first, Inishkeen, on Lough Erne;
—another on secondly, Lough
Melvin—both of these are in the
of Fer-
disciples.
Again, Colgan supposes,
managh and thirdly, Inis-caoin-Deagha, or Iniskeen,
Louth. But, the Enniskeen, or Eniskeen, with which the present saint appears to have been connected, was a parish located, partly in the baronies of Lower
Kells and Lower Slane, in the county of Meath, but chiefly in the barony of Clonkee, in the county of Cavan. This old church of Eniskeen has been torn down and uprooted, save and except old crosses and numerous tombs, which serve to mark the resting-places of the faithful. No traces remain at
in L'Abbe Sabatier's "Vies des Saints du Diocese de Beauvais. "
a See Colgan's "Trias Thaumaturga," Appendix Quarta ad Acta S. Brigidce, cap. i. ,
s See Colgan's "Trias Thaumaturga,"
Septima Vita S. Patricii, pars, ii. , cap.
English translation.
pp. 192, 193.
l6 See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus iii. ,
Julii xii. Among the pretermitted saints,
12
This is the form of name Beaufort adopts
It is marked, on the Ordnance Sur-
vey Townland Maps for the County of
Clare," sheet 43.
3 It is noted, on the " Ordnance Survey
Townland Maps for the County of Tippe- rary," sheets 50, 58.
« It is set down, on the "Ordnance Sur-
vey Townland Maps for the King's County,"
Townland Maps for the Queen's County, sheet 31.
6
These are marked, on the "Ordnance Survey Townland Maps for the County of Galway," sheets 60, 61, 73, 74.
7 See "General Alphabetical Index to the Townlands and Towns, Parishes and Baronies of Ireland," sub loco.
8 Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp. 192, 193.
on his Ecclesiastical Map. The name Buir-
gheis or Borris, occurring so frequently in the same part of Ireland, is not of Irish, but of Anglo-Noiman. origin, and it signifies a Bur- gage.
13 It is said to have been called Two Mile Borris, from its being two Irish milesorover from the town of Thurles.
l * Having sought for Liathmore in the southern part of the King's County, Mr. O'Donovan found, however, no trace of a church bearing such a name, or any tradition regarding it, in that part of the country. He thought subsequently, that notwithstanding the disappearance of the name and object of his search, the locality of this church could be pointed out with considerable accuracy.
sheets
the
by parishes
on the south-
j s Edited Rev. Drs. Todd and by
Reeves,
pp. 246, 247. — Article III.
Edited by Rev. Dr.
Kelly, p. xxix. 2"
28.
5 It is noted, on the "Ordnance Survey
27,
13andit
July 12. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 217
Colman, Priest, of Cluain Bruchais. The Bollandists,9 likewise, enter Colman, with the addition of Brucais, at the 12th day of July.
Article IV. —St. Ultan, of Cork, County of Cork. The Martyr-
of J mentions,thatvenerationwas toUltanof 2 ology Donegal given Corcach,
at the 1 2th of July. The city of Cork derives its name from the Irish word Corca, " marsh f sometimes called Corca-mor, " the great marsh. "? It was a tract of low ground, often flooded, near the debouchment of the River Lee. This celebrated district has a pre-Christian history ;4 but its Christian origin dates back to the earlier part of the seventh century. 5 Oilier accounts, at an earlier period, make St. . Finbarr first founder of a religious house at this place. The present city of Cork—the main part of it south of the river— stands over a concealed network of — veins from the
and
Article V. —Reputed Festival of St. Luanus, Monk. At the 12th
of July, we find the feast of St. Luanus, a monk, set down in Henry Fitz-
simon's Catalogue, with references to St. Bernard, Jocelyn, and the English
running waters, Lee, abovethecityisthepublicwalkcalledMardyke interpretedMarshes-dyke. At the 1 2th of July, likewise, the Bollandists 6 record a festival for Ultanus
mundus de Corca^ia.
1
man to have been no other than the cele- appears
This
brated St. Molua, Abbot of Clonfert Molua, whose proper feast belongs to
Martyrology.
holy 2
the of 4th day
August.
Arnold Wion for the of St. Luanus, entry
Citing
Abbas, at the 12th July, at this same date the Bollandists 3 refer for further
notices to the festival of St. Malachy, Archbishop of Armagh, which is held on the 3rd of November.
Article VI. —Reputed Feast of St. Levanus. We have a St. Levanus entered at the 12th of July, in the anonymous Calendar published
by saint
he had been confounded with St. —
O'—Sullevan Beare. 1
Elsewhere, we can find no for this feast or authority
may
by referring to the Bollandists' work. ArticleVII. —ReputedFestivalofDivusorDius. ThenameDii
unless, indeed,
be, that this entry had been— Martyrs at Caesarea in Cappadocia whose feast occurs at this date, as may be seen
and Reeves, pp. 192, 193.
2 A note by Dr. Todd says at Corcach :
" The more recent hand adds here, ' Nasan, apud Mar,' who is thus recorded, flApon ciAn o cincAib (Nasan far from crimes), in the Mart, of Mar. O'Gorman. "
3WilliamAllinghamon"IrishNamesof Places. "
4 See Miss Cusack's " of the History City
and County of Cork," chap, i. , ii. , p. I to 30.
"
5 See Dr.
tory of Ireland," vol. ii. , chap, xiv. , sect, iv. ,
Lanigan's
intendedforaSt. Laventius oneofthe
orDius' is setdownin the of 2 atthe12thof Martyrology Donegal,
July,
9 See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus iii. ,
pp. 314, 31 5.
6
Julii xii. p. 247.
Among the pretermitted saints,
Todd
See, "Acta Sanctorum," tomus iii. Among the pretermitted saints, p. 247.
"
Article iv. — Edited by Drs.
—
Historiae Catholicae Iberniae Compen-
" Ecclesiastical His-
xii.
Cornio seu Corninsio. et Laventio Csesarae
2
Article v.
Luanus. Or
l
dium," tomus i. , lib. iv. , cap. xii. , p. 55.
2 See his Life at that date, in the succeed-
ing volume.
3 See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus iii.
the —
Among pretermitted saints, p. 247.
l"
Articlevi. See HistoriaeCatholicce
Iberniae Compendium," tomus i. , lib. v. ,
cap. 3
p. 50.
See O'Sullevan
Beare's
xi. ,
See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus iii. , Julii
De Sanctis Martyribus Divo seu Dio, in Cappadocia, p. 295.
it
218 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
[July 13.
and within brackets. We cannot find more concerning him ; but, it seems most probable, he was the Martyr Divus or Dins—as entered in the ancient Hieronymian Martyrology—and who suffered with others at Caesarea in Cappadocia. 3
Article VIII. —St. MochulljEus. It would appear from his post- humous list of Irish Saints, that Colgan had the biography of St. Mochullaeus readyforpublication,andtobeinsertedatthe12thdayofJuly. Wecannot divine who this saint had been or when he flourished.
Article IX. —Reputed Feast of St. Mono, Martyr. From a
*
Manuscript Florarius Sanctorum, the Bollandists insert this feast to St.
Mono, Martyr. But they state, likewise, they could not find it in other writers treating about him ; and therefore, they refer to the 18th of October for the Acts of this holy Martyr, as being the proper date for his festival.
Article X. —St. Felix and his Companions, Martyrs. In the
early Irish Church, on the 12th of July, the Feast of St. Felix and of his
Companions, Martyrs, had been celebrated. 1 At this date, likewise, in the
ancient Calendars, St. Felix and St. Nabor are set down as having suffered
martyrdom at Milan, during the reign of the Emperor Maximinian, as related in their Acts which have come down to us. The Bollandists 2 have an account
of them, at this day, and in a learned previous dissertation^ they enter upon a critical examination of the historic records concerning them.
Cbu'tetntl) JBaj) of Snip.
ARTICLE I. —SAINTS BRIGID AND MAURA, SISTERS, VIRGINS AND MARTYRS.
[FIFTH OR SIXTH CENTURY. }
period when these holy virgins flourished has been assigned to the
fifth and THE —
Article vii. — '
by
others to the sixth
—
century.
However,
nothing
can well
In a note
adds at Dins: " This name is also added by
feasts, Article x.
the more recent hand, with the authority,
Mar. , where it is probable that in the words
p? il t)u Am fepcAig, the word Dii may be
intended as the genitive of Dius. "
'
See in the "Feilire" of Royal Irish Academy," Irish Manuscript Series, vol. i. , part i. On the Calendar of Oengus.
2a Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp.
192, 193.
3 Seethe Bollandists' "Acta Sanctorum,"
tomus iii. , Julii xii. De Sanctis Martyribus Divo seu Dio, Cornio sive Corninsio, et
Laventio, Csesarea in Cappadocia, p. 295. Article ix. — See "Acta Sanctorum,"
tomus iii. , Julii xii. Among the pretermitted
See "Acta Sanctorum,'' tomus iii. ,Julii xii. DeSanctisMartyribusNaboreetFelice
paragraphs, ate to be found in succession.
Dr. Todd
p. 247.
—
—"Transactions of the
By Whitley Stokes, LL. D. , p. ex.
St. /Engus.
Mediolaniel Colonise, 280 to pp.
294.
3 Their Commentaiius Prcevius is con- taine1 insevensectionsandfifty-fourpara- graphs. Their Passio, in nine paragraphs, and their Acta paulo amphora, in 'eleven
July 13. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 219
be determined, as accounts concerning them, are vague, and where circum- stantial, often involved with inconsistencies of narrative, or not reconcilable with historic criticism. Wherever he procured them, Colgan had prepared the Acts of these holy women for publication, at the 13th of July, as appears from the posthumous list of his Manuscripts. The Bollandists insert some notices of Maura and Britta or at the of 1 as
Brigida, 13th July; but, they remark, Father Henschenn at the 5th of May has placed them among the
2
pretermittedsaints, withadoubtexpressed,thattheymaybeidenticalwith
St. Maura and St. Britta, Martyrs, treated of at the 15th day of January. 3
him to the
some account of th—em free from the legendary traditions of the Irish
Their Acts have been referred
by
date, where he — present hoped
but rather of the French writers, might be found. This legacy had been left by him to the succeeding Bollandists, who indeed had records and documents referring to them, but who did not deem it expedient to add anything to what hadbeeninsertedatthe15thofJanuary/ Accordingtosomeconjectures, these saints, venerated at Tours and called Virgins only, are different from
the present holy women, venerated at Beauvais, and designated Virgins and Martyrs. The Abbe Sabatier 5 and the Petits Bollandists 6 have notices of a legendary character, at this date, in reference to Saints Maure and Brigide, Virgins and Martyrs, in the diocese of Beauvais. The substance of their
Legendisgiven,likewise,byRev. S. Baring-Gould. ? Thishasbeendrawn from Guerin and Giry. There are festivals supposed to commemorate them,
8 and14th9 of
dates, promises have been held out, to treat about these holy Virgins and
Martyrs at greater length, on the 13th of July, we are now obliged to insert what seems most credible in reference to them ; for, it can hardly be gain- said, that most of the stories related are too wildly romantic and improbable for serious acceptance.
For the purposes of our sketch, it may be sufficient to state, that these holy sisters are related to have been daughters to Ella or Alell, said to have been King of Scotia, and to this some authors add, of Northumbria. 10 The Irish writers contend, that they were born in Ireland, and their period has been referred to the fifth or sixth century by Continental writers, from whom accounts concerning them have been drawn. Their mother is called Panti- lomena, who died in giving birth to these twin sisters. On being baptized, the infant Maura declared to all present that her mother was in Heaven,
likewise,
atthe
4th
January.
Asateachofthe
preceding
while Britta or
issued from the font surrounded 11 by dazzling light.
Article i.
tomus iii. , Julii xiii.
du Diocese de
mitted
2 See ibid. , tomus ii. ,
Beauvais. "
6 See "Vies des Saints," tome viii. ,
xiiie Jour de Juillet, pp. 274 to 278.
—x
Brigid
See "Acta Sanctorum," Among the preter-
s in his Saints "Viesdes
saints, p. 471.
Maii v. Among the pretermitted saints, p. 3. See also the Fifth
7 See his
"
Lives of the Saints," vol. vii. ,
Volume of this work, at May 5th, Art. iv.
July 13th, pp. 306 to 309.
8 See the First Volume of
that date, Art. v.
9 See ibid. , Art. iii.
I0
3 tomus See "Acta Sanctorum,"
this work, at
i. , Januarii xv. Vita S. Maune et Brittae, p. 1018. See also the First Volume of the
present work, at that date, Art. iii.
4 The Bollandist writer, at the present day,
adds, that the same hope, which inspired
Father Henschenn to escape from their
involved history by the discoveiy of more
authentic materials, might yet result in a
finding that could be referred to a possible
There wis an Ella, King of Northum- berland, in 866. He was slain by the Danes, at a place, since called from him Elle-Croft. See John Speed's "History of Great Bri- taine," &c , book vii. , chap. ix. ,p. 318.
" "Both babes, as we are gravely told, were given to one nurse to suckle, and as she had milk only in one breast, both little sisters
supplement for the Bollandists' completed
work, and to be appended at the 15th of were reared at the same one. Ella, we are
January.
also informed, was then in his capital Edin-
220 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
[July 13.
TheyaresaidtohavehadabrothernamedHispadusorEspian. Thefather of these youthful virgins had earnestly desired that they should be united in marriage to husbands befitting their rank and station j but, his daughters had other purposes in view, as they had chosen Christ for their spouse, and accordingly they rejected all proposals relating to marriage. At the tender age of thirteen, both the sisters resolved on taking a vow of virginity. Soon afterwards their father died, and according to the Legend, he left crown and kingdom to his son. " The latter wished, however, to lead a religious life. Not chosing the burdens of state, he concerted with his sisters, that all three should leave their native country. It is said, that one night they stole away from Edinburgh, and directed, their course to England, where the maidens escaped from the machinations of evil-minded men, and through miracles wrought in their favour. Leaving England, they proceeded to France.
From the latter country, the holy triad Maura, Britta and Espian, went to
Rome, with a great desire to visit the tombs of the Apostle. In the Eternal City,
they formed the acquaintance of a man, named Ursicinus, with whom they
lodged, and who was distinguished for his piety. Through their prayers, he
was freed from a 1* It was now that all four grievous infirmity. resolved,
should visit the Holy Land, where they might have an opportunity of treading in the footsteps of our Divine Redeemer. These sacred spots were watered with their tears. They returned from the Holy Land together to Italy, and afterwards they landed at Marseilles in France. It so happened, that Ursicinus meeting with an accident at Anjou had broken his leg, when St. Maura wrapped her veil around the fractured limb, of which soon afterwards he found the use. About the same time, a small girl, who had been blind, received the gift of sight, when kissed by the Blessed Brigid. Soon afterwards, Ursicin was seized with a fever, and then he saw in a vision the crown of martyrdom prepared for Saints Maura, Britta and their brother Espian. Again, he was miraculously healed, and he accompainied them to Angers. In this place, a widow named Aldegunde had just lost her son named John by
death, but through the prayers and merits of St. Maura he was again restored to life. With her, the holy company there lodged. It was next resolved to visit the tomb of St. Martin in pilgrimage. Aldegund and her son John went in company with the holy travellers. On their way, Maura happened to meet in Touraine a young man named Joel, the son of Gerontius, who had been killed by an arrow, and him she raised to life. At the same time, she pre- dicted, that he should meet a martyr's death, after a lapse of twenty-two years. That house in which Gerontius lived afterwards became the site of a church,
1 dedicated to St. Maura. *
The pilgrims having set out soon arrived at Balagny, near Creil, in the diocese of Beauvais. At this time, France had been overrun by hordes of northern barbarians. A party of pagan robbers approached the place, where the pious pilgrims were, and gave vent to their lawless passions. St. Espian drew his sword to defend his sisters, but he was instantly massacred before their eyes. Afterwards, the widow Aldegund and her son John, together with Saints Maura and Britta, were put to death. They suffered martyrdom within the Beluacensian *s territory of ancient Gaul, it is said before the year 550. Urcissinus escaped from this slaughter to the village of
burgh. Some authors affirm, that for this cause, Edinburgh Castle had been call—ed Agnetes, or the Castle of the Maidens. " Rev. S.
found on the lists of the Kings of Scot- land.
"Lives of the Saints," vol. vii. , July 13th, p. 307.
12
It need scarcely be observed, that the names both of Ella and of Espin are not to be
tome
xiiie
de
Baring-Gould's
Saints," p. 276.
viii. ,
Jour
Juillet,
*s See Les Petits
Bollandistes,
" Vies des
I4 It is situated near St. Catherine de Fcribois, in Touraine.
July 13. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 221
Balagny,whereheinformedthevillagersofwhathadoccurred. Hewasnot present at the place where the saintly victims had been massacred j yet, be had a vision of celestial light, which seemed to rest over the spot, where their death took place. The sacred remains were then collected, and reverently consignedtothetomb. TheBishopofBeauvais,whoreceivedanaccount of the foregoing occurrences caused Maure and Brigid to be venerated as Virgins and Martyrs. Their festival has been noted in the Calendars on the 13th of July, which is supposed to have been the date for their martyrdom.
On this day, they are commemorated in the Breviaries of Beauvais and of
Nogent. They are recorded, likewise, in the Martyrologies of Ferrarius ,6 1
and of Saussay. ? In the following century, Queen Bathilde ordered the bodies
to be translated to the monastery of Chelles, which she caused to be built
near Lagny. However, when oxen were yoked to a chariot for the purpose,
these refused to move, when they had come to the crossing road at Nogent,
near to Creil. Then, having been permitted to take their own course, they
turned towards the place afterwards called the Croix de Sainte-Maure, and
there taking the direction which led to the church of Nogent, they deposited
their sacred burden. The saints were then buried in its cemetery and right
opposite to the altar of the church. It is related by St. Gregory of Tours,18
that the bodies of St. Maura and of St. Brigid lay near Tours, and that they
had been miraculously discovered by a man finding a wax candle amid some
brambles on a little hill. He then related what he had seen to the Bishop
Euphronius, who dug there and found the bodies. Next night, the holy
virgins appeared to the bishop, and told him their names. The bodies of
those virgins were long preserved, it was thought, in a church dedicated to
1
them near Tours, ^ but the remains may have been different from those of the
holy persons this day commemorated.
In the year 1185, Pope Urban III. directed the Bishops of Beauvais
and Senlis to have their relics honourably enshrined; and he imparted Plenary Indulgences to all who should visit the church of Nogent, between Sunday in the Octave of the Ascension and the Feast of St. John the Baptist,
should venerate and invoke those 20 The bodies of martyrs.
provided they
St. Maura and of St. Brigid were preserved in the church of Nogent, until the time of St. Louis, King of France, who in 1242 visited the church of St. Maure and St. Brigid. This he found to be too small, and he caused the choir to be enlarged. Then, he had their relics removed to new shrines. This work was supervised by Eudes, coadjutor to the Bishop of Beauvais. In the year 1343, Jean de Marigny, Bishop of the same city, had that shrine opened for an inspection of the relics. 21 In the year 1635, the shrines looking old and faded were renewed by the ordinary of the diocese ; and this caused a revival of devotion among the people towards those holy Virgins and Martyrs. They were especially invoked during the periods of prevailing epidemics and pest. A great contagion spread two years afterwards in the parish of St. Andrew, in the city ot Beauvais. A vow was made by the Cure' and by his parishioners, to proceed in solemn procession to the chapel of St. Maure and of St. Brigid. This vow they fulfilled, and on the very day of that procession, the pestilence ceased, so that no other person became infected
13 The Bellovaci were a in people, living
*' See Rev. S. Gould's "Lives of Baring-
or near the modern Beauvais.
16 20 "
In his General Catalogue.
17 In his French Martyrology.
18 In his work, " De Gloria Confesso-
rum," lib. xviii. The saint relates no par- ticulars to throw light on the history of these holy Virgins and Martyrs.
the Saints," July 13th, p. 309.
See Les Petits Bollandistes, Vies des
Saints," tome viii. , xiiie Jour de Juillet, p. 278.
3I
Afterwards, he became Archbishop of Rouen.
" The foregoing accounts are to be found,
222 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
[July 13.
withit, andthosewhohadbeenattackedbecameconvalescentinashort time, no other victim having been added to the previous list of mortality. * The memory of St. Maura and of St. Britta was held in veneration in the church of Nogent—called from them Nogent-les-Vierges—on the 13th of July, andonthe4thofJanuary. ^ Thelatterofthesedateswasprobablythatre- ferring to the Translation of their relics.
Article II. —St. Cairill or Carell, of Tamnach, County of
Sligo. The present St. Carell is said to have been the son of Cormac, son
to Trenn, son of Emchad, son to Mair, son of Ere, son to Tribad, son to Sodan, son of Fiach Aradius. 1 Thus is his genealogy drawn from the royal
line of Ultonia. It is he was a said,
of St. 2 When St. Benignus.
disciple
Patrick visited the territory of Hua Noilella. 3 in the western part of Ireland,
he founded a church eastwards in Tamhnagh. This is now known as the church of Taunagh or Tawnagh. * St. Cairell seems to have been elevated to the episcopal rank, and to have been placed over this church. s He is
6
numbered St. Patrick's among
this is the St. Cairell of the country of Tir-ros, noted in the Martyrologies of Tallagh, ofMarianusO'Gorman,andofDonegal. Itseems,likely,however,thathe has noted incorrectly the 13th of July, for the 13th of June. At this latter date, by referring to St. CairelPs feast, as bishop at Tir Rois,? it would seem, that he flourished, not in the time of St. Patrick, but at a period long subse-
quent. He is there represented, as having been a contemporary with St. ColmanEla,ofLannEla,nowLynnally,intheKing'sCounty. Thusmust we draw a line of demarkation between both saints, however similarly named.
Article III. —St. Ernin, or Arney, of Inis-caoin, now Innis- keen, Counties of Meath and Cavan. At the 13th of July, veneration
1
was given to Ernin, of Inis-caoin, as appears in the Martyrology of Donegal. There are three distinct Inis-caoins, viz. : first, Inishkeen, on Lough Erne;
—another on secondly, Lough
Melvin—both of these are in the
of Fer-
disciples.
Again, Colgan supposes,
managh and thirdly, Inis-caoin-Deagha, or Iniskeen,
Louth. But, the Enniskeen, or Eniskeen, with which the present saint appears to have been connected, was a parish located, partly in the baronies of Lower
Kells and Lower Slane, in the county of Meath, but chiefly in the barony of Clonkee, in the county of Cavan. This old church of Eniskeen has been torn down and uprooted, save and except old crosses and numerous tombs, which serve to mark the resting-places of the faithful. No traces remain at
in L'Abbe Sabatier's "Vies des Saints du Diocese de Beauvais. "
a See Colgan's "Trias Thaumaturga," Appendix Quarta ad Acta S. Brigidce, cap. i. ,
s See Colgan's "Trias Thaumaturga,"
Septima Vita S. Patricii, pars, ii. , cap.
