Conti, Amélie
Gabrielle
Stephanie Louise,
Princess of (kon'tē).
Princess of (kon'tē).
Warner - World's Best Literature - v29 - BIographical Dictionary
(The Passions,' with its grace
and vigor, its vivid and pliant dexterity of
touch"; the (Ode to Evening,' a mosaic of eu-
phonies; the Dirge in Cymbeline); and the
都
0
.
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116
COLLINS - COMENIUS
(Ode on the Death of Thomson,' chiefly per.
petuate his fame. *
Collins, William Wilkie. An English nov-
elist; born in London, Jan. 8, 1824; died there,
Sept. 23, 1889. He was a master of construct.
ive art and fascinating plot. His greatest
novels are admittedly (The Moonstone) (1868)
and "The Woman in White) (1860); next in
merit are (The New Magdalen) (1873) and
No Name) (1862). The others are : (Anto-
nina (2d ed. 1850); Basil) (1852); (The Dead
Secret! (1857); (Armadale) (1866); (Man and
Wife) (1870); Poor Miss Finch) (1872); “Miss
or Mrs. ? ) (1873); (The Law and the Lady)
(1875); (The Two Destinies) (1876); Heart
and Science) (1883); I Say No) (1884); (The
Legacy of Cain (1888); (Blind Love) (1889 :
completed by Walter Besant). He wrote also
a biography of his father, William Collins the
painter (1848). *
Collyer, Robert. An American clergyman
and prose-writer; born in Keighley, Yorkshire,
England, Dec. 8, 1823. He came to America
in 1849, being then a Wesleyan preacher and
a blacksmith; but became a Unitarian, and
preached some years in Chicago, where he
founded Unity Church in 1860. He was made
pastor of the Church of the Messiah, New York
city, September 1879, and is now pastor emeri.
tus. Included in his publications are: Nature
and Life) (1866); (The Life that Now Is)
(1871); A History of the Town and Parish
of Ilkley) (England, 1886, written in connec-
tion with Horsefall Turner) and (Lectures to
Young Men and Women) (1886).
Colman, George, the Elder. An English
dramatist; born in Florence, Italy, April 28,
1732; died in London, Aug. 14, 1794. Taste,
humor, and brilliancy are the leading qual-
ities of his work; (The Deuce Is in Him);
( New Brooms); (The Separate Maintenance);
and several other comedies, proclaiming him
a man of wit, a writer, and a playwright of rare
merits. *
Colman, George, the Younger. An English
dramatist and humorous poet; born in Lon-
don (? ), Oct. 21, 1762; died there, Oct. 17, 1836.
(The Iron Chest, John Bull (for which he
received an unprecedentedly large sum), and
(The Heir-at-Law, are most widely known
among his racy and rather noisy but most
laughable comedies. (Broad Grins) and (Poetic
Vagaries) are very amusing rhymes.
Colombi, Marchioness (kõ-lum'bē), pseu-
donym of Maria Torelli-Torriani. An Italian
novelist of to-day; born at Novara. Most note-
worthy among her stories is (In Risaia,' a
powerful description of the miseries of Italian
peasant life.
Colonna, Vittoria (ko-lon'nä). A poet of
Italy (1490-1547); born at Marino. Left a
widow in 1525 by the death of her husband,
the Marquis of Pescara, she lived thereafter in
retirement. She was the correspondent and
counselor of the foremost men of her time in
Italy, especially Michel Angelo. Her "Verses,'
celebrating the virtues of her deceased husband
and the beauties and consolations of religion,
were very highly esteemed by her contempo-
raries, and perhaps overpraised. Her (Corre-
spondence was published at Turin in 1888.
Colton, Walter. An American miscellaneous
writer; born in Rutland, Vt. , May 9, 1797; died
in Philadelphia, Pa. , Jan. 22, 1851. Became pro-
fessor of moral philosophy and belles-lettres at
Middletown Academy, Conn. (1825); in 1828–30
was editor of the American Spectator, Wash-
ington. In 1845 he went to California, and in
Monterey established the first newspaper of
the State, called the Californian. He wrote
many books of interest, including "A Visit to
Athens and Constantinople (1836) and (Three
Years in California' (1850). In 1851 Dr. Cheever
edited (The Sea and Sailor, Notes of France
and Italy, and Other Literary Remains, with a
biography of the author.
Columella, Lucius Junius Moderatus (kol-
u-mel'ä). A Latin author; born at Gades (? )
(Cadiz), and flourished in the first century.
His treatise Concerning Rustic Affairs) is a
very important work, showing the condition of
agriculture in Roman times.
Colvin, Sidney. An English critic; born in
Norwood, Surrey, June 18, 1845. He became
professor of fine arts at Cambridge in 1873.
His writings include (Children in Italian and
English Design (1872), and books on Landor,
Dürer, and other writers and artists.
Combe, George. A Scotch phrenologist;
born in Edinburgh, 1788; died 1858. He wrote
( The Constitution of Man Considered in Re-
lation to External Objects) (1828) and many
other works based upon phrenological science,
as well as a volume of American notes.
Combe, William. An English ne'er-do-weel
and fertile writer in prose and verse; born in
Bristol, 1741; died at Lambeth, June 19, 1823,
after 43 years within the rules of a debtor's
prison, and previous fortunes from officer to
cook. His (Tour of Dr. Syntax in Search of
the Picturesque) was once very popular.
Comegys, Benjamin Bartis. An American
religious, ethical, and juvenile writer; born in
Delaware, 1819. He is a bank president in
Philadelphia. He has written: Tour round
my Library); How to Get On' (1885); "Old
Stories with New Lessons) (1888); etc.
Comenius, Johann Amos (ko-me'ni-us). A
noted Czech pedagogue and theologian, one of
the world's great educators; born at Nivnitz (? ),
Moravia, March 28, 1592; died at Amsterdam,
Nov. 15, 1670. In the (Gate of Languages
Unlocked) (Janua Linguarum Reserata), the
(World of Sense Depicted) (Orbis Pictus
Sensualium), and "Great Didactics, or the
Whole Art of Teaching Everything) (Didactica
Magna, seu Omnes Omnia Docendi Artificium),
he shows the prodigious scope of his learning
and his no less prodigious skill in the applica-
tion of it. *
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COMINES — CONGREVE
-
117
Comines, Philippe de (kõ-mēn'). A noted
French chronicler; born at Comines, about
1445; died at the château of Argenton, Oct. 17,
1510. He was the trusted counselor of Philip
the Good, Duke of Burgundy, of his son and
successor Charles the Bold, of Louis XI. , King
of France, and of his successor Charles VIII.
His Memoirs) supply the most trustworthy
material we have for the history of his age, and
the fullest : according to Hallam, they (almost
make an epoch in historical literature. ) He
analyzes the motives of kings and statesmen,
and notes the manners of the time. He had
a conception of a philosophy of history. In
the current of events he sees problems work-
ing out; and his study is to trace their solution
through the tangle of intrigue and personal
ambitions. The first six books of the Me-
moirs) were written between 1488 and 1494,
and the last two between 1497 and 1501; they
were first printed in 1524-25. *
Commodianus (kõ-mo-di-ā'nus). A Latin
Christian poet who lived in the third or fourth
century. He wrote (Instructions against the
Gods of the Gentiles,' an acrostic poem.
Comnena, Anna (kom-ne'na). A Byzantine
princess; born 1083; died 1148. She wrote
(The Alexiad, a life of her father Alexis,
Byzantine Emperor,- a work of importance.
Comte, Auguste (kônt). A noted French
philosopher, founder of the Positive Philoso-
phy; born at Montpellier, Jan. 19, 1798; died
at Paris, Sept. 5, 1857. In his view the prob-
lem for philosophy is to ascertain the positive
and verifiable basis of all knowledge, sci-
ence, and religion-of the whole intellectual,
moral, and religious world of man. In work-
ing out this problem, Comte studied the basis
of the State or civil society; and set forth his
conclusions in 'The Positive Polity. He bases
the law of morals or of conduct on the social
feeling” or Altruism. The central fact of re-
ligion and the one object of religious worship
is Humanity conceived as a personality. The
uttermost conclusions from such an idea of
religion were drawn by Comte, and he contem-
plated the constitution of a priesthood whose
authority, though of course not enforceable by
pains and penalties, was to have as wide a
reach as the authority of the popes in medi-
æval times. His Positive Philosophy,' «Posi-
tivist Catechism,' and Positive Polity,' have
been translated into English. *
Conant, Thomas Jefferson. An American
Baptist divine and Biblical scholar; born at
Brandon, Vt. , Dec. 13, 1802; died at Brooklyn,
N. Y. , April 30, 1891. He translated Gese-
nius's Hebrew Grammar (1839), and published
annotated versions of "Job) (1857); (Matthew)
(1860); 'The Book of Proverbs); (Isaiah);
(Historical Books of the Old Testament from
Joshua to Second Kings); etc.
Condillac, Étienne Bonnot de Mably de
(kôn-de-yäk'). A French philosopher; born
in Grenoble, Sept. 30, 1715; died at his estate
near Beaugency, Aug. 3, 1780. He founded an
international reputation upon (The Essay on
the Origin of Human Knowledge (or Sense Per-
ceptions) (1746); duly succeeded by the cele-
brated (Treatise on the Sensations) (1754), the
central standpoint of these and other works
being what is, philosophically speaking, sensa-
tionalism; a belief, that is, that what we know
we know only through the senses, and hence
our ideas of deity, love, the soul, etc. , are
largely modified forms of the objects that im-
press us in our daily material experience. These
standpoints were practically those of French
philosophy until the advent of Cousin.
Condorcet, Marie Jean Antoine Nicolas
Caritat, Marquis de (kor-dor'sā'). An illus-
trious French mathematician, philosopher, and
economist; born at Ribemont, Picardy, Sept.
17, 1743; died at Bourg-la-Reine, March 28,
1794. He was one of the conspicuous figures
of the French Revolution, and killed himself
in prison. "Historical Sketch of the Progress
of the Human Mind? (1795) is deemed his
greatest work.
Cone, Helen Gray. An American poet;
born in New York, 1859. She is a teacher in the
Normal College, New York. She has written :
(Oberon and Puck) (1885); (The Ride to the
Lady and Other Poems. )
Confucius or Khoong-Foo-tre (kon-fu’she-
us). The head of Chinese religious and social
philosophy; born about 551 B. C. ; died 478
B. C. His (Analects) is an exposition of his
philosophy, and he is said to have written the
preface to the Book of Historical Documents. )
He is also credited with having compiled the
(Ancient Poems, about 300 pieces. His last
work is called the « Annals of Lee) or (Spring
and Autumn, a sort of philosophical history
and ethical manual. His writings have been
translated into English, and form a volume in
the series edited by Prof. Max Müller, (Sacred
Books of the East,' published for Oxford Uni-
versity by the Clarendon Press. * (See (The
Literature of China. ')
Congdon, Charles Taber. An American
journalist; born in New Bedford, Mass. , April
7, 1821; died in New York city, Jan. 18, 1891.
He edited for a time the organ of the Peo-
ple's Party in the Dorr Rebelion in Rhode
Island, 1842. From 1857 to 1882 he was on the
editorial staff of the New York Tribune, and
a frequent contributor of critical and literary
articles to the magazines. In 1861 he pub-
lished a poem; in 1869 (Tribune Essays); and
in 1880 (Reminiscences of a Journalist. !
Congreve, William. A noted English dram-
atist; born in Bardsley, near Leeds, April 5,
1670; died at London, Jan. 19, 1729. A man of
fashion, his comedies show a wit more brilliant
than decorous and a taste less moral thar.
critical. (The Old Bachelor); (The Double
Dealer); (Love for Love); and a few others,
show great wit and facility. He is regared as
the most eminent of the Restoration drama-
tists. *
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118
CONNELLY - COOK
Connelly, Mrs. Celia (Logan). An Ameri-
can journalist and playwright; born in Penn-
sylvania, 1839. Her home is in Washington,
D. C. An American Marriage) is one of her
most successful plays.
Conrad, Georg (kõn'räd), pseudonym of
Prince George of Prussia. A German drama-
tist; born Feb. 12, 1826. He has experimented
successfully with various forms of dramatic
literature; and among his productions, Phædra,
a metrical drama, (Where Is Happiness ? ) a
comedy, and (The Marchioness of Brinvilliers,'
a tragedy, may be cited as specimens of a
trained and true talent.
Conrad, Michael Georg (kõn'räd). A Ger-
man novelist; born at Gnodstadt, in Franconia,
April 5, 1846. He founded at Munich, in 1885,
Society, a journal intended to be an organ of
the (naturalistic school. He spent several
years in Paris, and many of his sketches relate
to phases of life in France. Among his novels
are : (The Wise Virgins); (The Fool's Confes-
sion. He is author of a comedy, (The Eman-
cipated,' and the drama (The Firm of Gold-
berg. On social and political questions he has
written : (The German Reveille); Justice, the
State, and the Modern Spirit.
Conrad, Robert Taylor. An American
lawyer and dramatist; born in Philadelphia,
June 10, 1810; died there, June 27, 1858. He
wrote: (Aylmere) (1852), a tragedy in which
Edwin Forrest played the rôle of Jack Cade;
Conrad of Naples,' a tragedy; Poems)
(1852); etc.
Conradi, Hermann (kön-rä'dē). A German
literary critic and essayist (1862–90); born at
Jetznitz. As lyrist and critic he was a rep-
resentative of radical realism, a follower of
Tolstoy, Ibsen, and Nietzsche. His genius was
forceful, but undisciplined, and his writings
lack repose and polish. With his too radical
story of Adam Man) (1889) he incurred the
penalties of the law against publications that
offend morality.
Conscience, Hendrik (kôn-syons'). A great
Flemish novelist, one of the re-creators of Flem-
ish literature; born at Antwerp, Dec. 3, 1812;
died in Brussels, Sept. 10, 1883. His first story,
(In the Wonder-Year 1566,' was received with
unbounded popular favor, and his delineations
of lowly Flemish home life soon became fa-
miliar throughout Europe. His historical noy.
els (The Lion of Flanders) (1838), and others,
won his widest fame; but his distinctive power
and merit were in his peasant studies, of which
the masterpieces are: (Siska van Roosmael
(1844); (The Conscript) (1850); (Rikke-tikke-
tak) (1851); (The Poor Nobleman' (1851);
«The Luck to be Rich) (1855). He wrote
a musical drama, (The Poet and his Dream)
(1872). *
Constant de Rebecque, Henri Benjamin
(kôn-ston'dė re-bek'). A French publicist;
born at Lausanne, Switzerland, Oct. 23, 1767;
died at Paris, Dec. 8, 1830. Popularly remem-
bered as the lover of Mme. de Staël. A mem-
ber of the Revolutionary Tribunate, he was
banished by Napoleon, and later by the Bour-
bons for accepting Napoleon. Besides many
works on political questions and the history of
political constitutions, and two on the history
of religion,- viz. , Religion Considered in its
Source, its Forms, and its Developments,' and
(Roman Polytheism,' - he wrote a romance,
Adolphe (1816), which profoundly influenced
European literature.
Conti, Amélie Gabrielle Stephanie Louise,
Princess of (kon'tē). An Italian writer of
memoirs. The narrative of her misfortunes,
in 2 vols. (1797), attracted the attention of all
Europe, and gave to Goethe the material of
his Natural Daughter.
Conway, Hugh. See Fargus.
Conway, Katharine Eleanor. An Ameri-
can journalist and poet; born at Rochester,
N. Y. , 1853. She is attached to the Boston
Pilot. She has written : (Songs of the Sunrise
Slope) (1881); (A Dream of Lilies) (1892),
both in verse; (Making Friends and Keeping
Them; and (A Lady and her Letters. )
Conway, Moncure Daniel. Born in Staf-
ford County, Va. , March 17, 1832. He became
a Methodist minister; but changing his opin-
ions on theology, and especially on slavery,
settled in Cincinnati, O. , as a radical Unita-
rian preacher. During the Civil War he left
this country and preached in London for sev-
eral years, finally returning and settling in
New York. His literary activity has been
great, his writings having been published under
the following titles : (The Rejected Stone);
(Idols and Ideals); Demonology and Devil
Lore); The Wandering Jew); Sketch of Car-
lyle); (The Earthward Pilgrimage); (Sacred
Anthology, a compilation; (Emerson at Home
and Abroad); (George Washington and Mount
Vernon); "Omitted Chapters in Life and Let-
ters of Edmund Randolph); "Life of Thomas
Paine); (Tracts for To-Day); Natural His.
tory of the Devil'; (The Golden Hour);
Testimonies Concerning Slavery); Human
Sacrifices in England'; 'Lessons for the Day);
(Travels in South Kensington); (A Necklace
of Stories); Pine and Palm,' a novel ; (Prisms
of Air,' a novel.
Conyngham, David Power. An Irish-Ameri-
can journalist and miscellaneous writer; born
in Ireland, 1840; died 1883. He was editor of
the New York Tablet. He wrote: (Sherman's
March through the South) (1865); (Lives of
the Irish Saints and Martyrs) (1870); and a
number of Irish novels, including (Sarsfield"
(1871).
Cook, Clarence Chatam. An American jour-
nalist, and distinguished art critic; born in
Dorchester, Mass. , Sept. 8, 1828. He contributed
to the New York Tribune a series of articles
on American art, 1863-69; subsequently was its
Paris correspondent. He was editor of the
Studio until its suspension. He has published :
B
## p. 119 (#135) ############################################
COOK - COOPER
119
(
(The Central Park) (1868); (The House Beau-
tiful) (1878); (Stools and Candlesticks); (Es-
says on Beds and Tables); and edited with
notes a translation of the 7th German edition
of Wilhelm Lübke's History of Art) (2 vols. ,
1878).
Cook, Eliza. An English poet; born in Lon-
don, 1817; died at Wimbledon, Sept. 23, 1889.
Melaia and Other Poems) made her name
known. She also published Eliza Cook's
Journal. Her most familiar poem is (The
Old Arm-Chair. She wrote also (The Old
Farm Gate); (The Home in the Heart); and
I Miss Thee, My Mother. New Echoes and
Other Poems) is one of her volumes.
Cook, Joseph. A noted American lecturer
on religious and social topics; born at Ticon-
deroga, N. Y. , Jan. 26, 1838. He carried on the
Monday lectureship in Boston (1874-80); was
in Europe and Asia in 1880-82, resuming the
lectures in Boston in 1883. His published works
include Boston Monday Lectures ) (10 vols. ,
1877); (Current Religious Perils, with Other
Addresses. In 1888 he founded Our Day, a
monthly reform magazine.
Cooke, George Willis. An American mis-
cellaneous writer; born in Comstock, Mich. ,
April 23, 1848. His chief works are: (Ralph
Waldo Emerson: his Life and Writings) (1881);
Life of George Eliot) (1883); (A Guide Book
to the Poetic and Dramatic Works of Robert
Browning' (1891); Poets and Problems);
(The Clapboard Trees Parish'; and (Dedham,
a History?
Cooke, John Esten. An American novelist;
born in Winchester, Va. , Nov. 3, 1830; died near
Boyce, Va. , Sept. 27, 1886. He was an extens-
ive contributor of stories, sketches, and verses
to various periodicals, and has written many
books, in which are included : (The Virginia
Comedians) (1854); (Hilt to Hilt) (1869);
(Life of Gen. Robert E. Lee) (1871); Vir-
ginia, a History of the People) (1883); (The
Youth of Jefferson); (Surry of Eagle's Nest);
(Wearing the Grey); (Pretty Mrs. Gaston);
(Virginia Bohemians '; etc.
Cooke, Josiah Parsons. A distinguished
American chemist; born at Boston, Oct. 12,
1827; died at Newport, R. I. , Sept. 3, 1894. He
was professor of chemistry at Harvard Uni-
versity (1850-94), and lectured on scientific sub-
jects in various cities and towns throughout the
country. Besides a number of technical works,
he wrote: (Religion and Chemistry) (1864);
"Scientific Culture) (new ed. 1885); (The Cre-
dentials of Science the Warrant of Faith)
(1888).
Cooke, Philip Pendleton. An American
poet and prose-writer; born in Martinsburg,
Va. , Oct. 26, 1816; died near Boyce, Va. , Jan.
21, 1850. His first poems were published in
the Knickerbocker Magazine. His works in
book for include: (Froissart Ballads and
Other Poems) (1847); the tales of John Carpe)
and (The Crime of Andrew Blair); and his
short lyric poem, Florence Vane, which was
set to music.
Cooke, Philip St. George. A United States
army officer and military writer; born near
Leesburg, Berkeley County, Va. , 1809; died 1895.
He also studied law and was admitted to
practice. Besides works on tactics, he wrote:
Scenes and Adventures in the Army' (1856);
Conquest of New Mexico and California)
(1878).
Cooke, Mrs. Rose (Terry). A distinguished
American poet and short-story writer; born at
West Hartford, Conn. , Feb. 17, 1827; died at
Pittsfield, Mass. , July 18, 1892. Her complete
poems were published in 1888: (The Gentian)
and “The Two Villages) are good representa-
tives. Her best short stories treat of New Eng.
land rural life. The novel (Steadfast appeared
in 1889. Her most acceptable work appeared
originally in the Atlantic Monthly and other
periodicals. *
Cooke, Thomas. An English poet and prose-
writer, commonly called Hesiod Cooke; born
at Braintree, Dec. 16, 1703; died at Lambeth
(London), Dec. 20, 1756. (The Battle of the
Poets) is an attack on 'Pope, Swift, and others,
which gained him an unenviable conspicuity
in the Dunciad. As a translator from the
classics, notably Hesiod, he is very successful.
Coolbrith, Ina Donna. An American poet;
born near Springfield, II. , 18+ She became
librarian of the Oakland Public Library, Cali-
fornia, in 1874. She has written (The Perfect
Day and Other Poems) (1881); (Songs of the
Golden Gate. )
Cooley, Thomas McIntyre. A noted Amer.
ican jurist; born at Attica, N. Y. , Jan. 6, 1824.
He was professor of law in the University of
Michigan (1859 and 1881); Chief Justice of
that State (1868–69); chairman of the United
States Interstate Commerce Commission (1887–
91). He wrote: A Treatise upon Wrongs
and their Remedies) (Vol. i. , 1878); (General
Principles of Constitutional Law in the United
States) (1880); etc.
Coolidge, Susan. See Woolsey, Sarah.
Coombe, william. See Combe.
Coombs, Mrs. Annie (Sheldon). An Amer.
ican novelist ; born at Albany, N. Y. , 1858;
died 1890. Her home was in New York. She
wrote: 'As Common Mortals) (1886); (A Game
of Chance) (1887); (The Garden of Armida.
Cooper, James Fenimore. An American
novelist and historian; born in Burlington, N. J. ,
Sept. 15, 1789; died at Cooperstown, N. Y. , Sept.
14, 1851. His novels comprise : Precaution)
(1820); (The Spy) (1821); (The Pioneers)
(1823); (The Pilot) (1823); "Lionel Lin-
coln) (1825); (The Last of the Mohicans)
(1826); (The Red Rover) (1827); (The Prairie)
(1827); "The Traveling Bachelor) (1828);
(Wept of the Wish-ton-Wish) (1829); (The
Water-Witch) (1830); (The Bravo! (1831);
(The Heidenmauer) (1832); «The Headsman)
(1833); (The Monikins) (1835); (Homeward
## p. 120 (#136) ############################################
I 20
COOPER-CORBIN
>
verse.
Bound' (1838); (Home as Found' (1838);
(The Pathfinder) (1840); Mercedes of Cas-
tile) (1840); (The Deerslayer) (1841); (The
Two Admirals) (1842); Wing and Wing
(1842); Ned Myers) (1843); (Wyandotte)
(1843); (Afoat and Ashore) (1844); Miles
Wallingford (1844); (The Chainbearer) (1845);
"Satanstoe) (1845); (The Redskins) (1846);
(The Crater) (1847); (Jack Tar» (1848); Oak
Openings) (1848); «The Sea Lions) (1849);
(The Ways of the Hour) (1850). He also
wrote Notions of the Americans) (1828) to
vindicate his countrymen from the false ideas
of foreigners -- after which the foreign journals
at once ceased praising his novels and became
unsparing in censure; a (History of the Navy
of the United States) (1839); “The Battle of
Lake Erie) (1842), in answer to criticisms on
the preceding ; (Lives of American Naval Offi-
cers' (2 vols. ); and others. *
Cooper, Peter. A famous American in-
ventor, manufacturer, and philanthropist; born
in New York, Feb. 12, 1791; died there, April 4,
1883. A coachmaker by trade, he became a
successful inventor and glue manufacturer, and
acquired a large fortune. He built, after his
own designs, the first locomotive engine con-
structed on this continent (1830); was one of
the original promoters of the electric telegraph,
actively interested in the construction of the
New York State canals, etc. He was the candi.
date of the “Greenback » party for President in
1876. He is best known by the institution that
was dearest to his own heart, the “Cooper
Union of New York, founded for the instruc-
tion of the industrial classes (1854-59). He
wrote: (Political and Financial Opinions, with
an Autobiography) (1877); Ideas for a Science
of Good Government' (1883).
Cooper, Susan Fenimore. An American
prose-writer, daughter of Fenimore Cooper;
born in Scarsdale, N. Y. , 1813; died in Coop-
erstown, N. Y. , Dec. 31, 1894. During the last
years of her father's life she was his secre-
tary and amanuensis. She has written : (Rural
Hours) (1850); 'Fields Old and New) (1854);
(The Shield: A Narrative); Mt. Vernon to
the Children of America) (1858); (Rhyme and
Reason of Country Life); and others.
Cooper, Thomas. An English poet and
novelist, best remembered as a Chartist poli-
tician; born at Leicester, March 20, 1805;
died at Lincoln, July 15, 1892. A shoemaker
by trade, he engaged in politics, and soon
found himself in prison, where he wrote (The
Purgatory of Suicides,' a moving epic of pro-
letarianism. His (Captain Cobbler,' a story,
and his “Poetical Works, are favorably known.
Coornhert. Dirck Volckertsen (körn'hert).
A Dutch poet and scholar (1522-90). By his
poetical writings, Book of Songs) (1575),
(Right Use and Abuse of Worldly Possessions)
(1585), and several dramas, as also by his ele-
gant translations from Boccaccio and the clas-
sics, he earned the title of “restorer of the
Dutch language. "
Copernicus, Nikolaus (ko-pėr'ni-kus). A
famous Polish astronomer; born in Thorn, Po.
land, Feb. 19, 1473; died at Frauenburg, Prus-
sia, May 24, 1543. He wrote: (Revolutions of
the Celestial Orbs) (De Orbium Coelestium Rev.
olutionibus), in which is proclaimed the fact
that the sun and not the earth is the centre of
our planetary system. *
Coppée, François (ko-pā'). An eminent
French poet, romancer, and dramatist ; born in
Paris, Jan. 12, 1842. He was trained for what
the Parisians call a ministerial career, but wrote
(The Reliquary) and (Intimacies,' books of
In Modern Poems, (The Benediction,
and “The Strike of the Smiths,' we have a very
modern note. *
Coppée, Henry. An American soldier, edu-
cator, and miscellaneous writer; born at Savan-
nah, Ga. , Oct. 13, 1821 ; died March 21, 1895. He
served in the Mexican War (1846-48); was in-
structor at West Point (1848-49, 1850-55); pro-
fessor of English literature and history at the
University of Pennsylvania (1855-56); president
of Lehigh University (1866-75); professor of his-
tory there (1875-95). Besides various educa-
tional and military works, he wrote: (Grant
and his Campaigns) (1866); History of the
Conquest of Spain by the Arab-Moors) (2 vols. ,
1881).
Coppi, Antonio (kop'pē). An Italian econ-
omist and historian; born in Andezeno, Pied-
mont, April 12, 1782; died at Rome, Feb. 24,
1870. He wrote a (Continuation of Muratori's
Annals of Italy, from 1750) (1824-68); and a
study (On the Finances of Mediæval Rome)
(1855).
Copway, George. Native name, Kah-ge-ga-
gaw-bowh. An Indian journalist, lecturer, and
miscellaneous writer; born in Michigan, 1818;
died about 1869. He belonged to the Ojibway
tribe, and was settled in New York. He wrote:
(Recollections of a Forest Life); (The Ojib.
way Conquest,' a poem; (Running Sketches
of Men and Places in Europe); etc.
Coquelin, Benoît Constant (kõk-lan'). A
French actor; born at Boulogne-sur-Mer, Jan.
23, 1841.
and vigor, its vivid and pliant dexterity of
touch"; the (Ode to Evening,' a mosaic of eu-
phonies; the Dirge in Cymbeline); and the
都
0
.
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116
COLLINS - COMENIUS
(Ode on the Death of Thomson,' chiefly per.
petuate his fame. *
Collins, William Wilkie. An English nov-
elist; born in London, Jan. 8, 1824; died there,
Sept. 23, 1889. He was a master of construct.
ive art and fascinating plot. His greatest
novels are admittedly (The Moonstone) (1868)
and "The Woman in White) (1860); next in
merit are (The New Magdalen) (1873) and
No Name) (1862). The others are : (Anto-
nina (2d ed. 1850); Basil) (1852); (The Dead
Secret! (1857); (Armadale) (1866); (Man and
Wife) (1870); Poor Miss Finch) (1872); “Miss
or Mrs. ? ) (1873); (The Law and the Lady)
(1875); (The Two Destinies) (1876); Heart
and Science) (1883); I Say No) (1884); (The
Legacy of Cain (1888); (Blind Love) (1889 :
completed by Walter Besant). He wrote also
a biography of his father, William Collins the
painter (1848). *
Collyer, Robert. An American clergyman
and prose-writer; born in Keighley, Yorkshire,
England, Dec. 8, 1823. He came to America
in 1849, being then a Wesleyan preacher and
a blacksmith; but became a Unitarian, and
preached some years in Chicago, where he
founded Unity Church in 1860. He was made
pastor of the Church of the Messiah, New York
city, September 1879, and is now pastor emeri.
tus. Included in his publications are: Nature
and Life) (1866); (The Life that Now Is)
(1871); A History of the Town and Parish
of Ilkley) (England, 1886, written in connec-
tion with Horsefall Turner) and (Lectures to
Young Men and Women) (1886).
Colman, George, the Elder. An English
dramatist; born in Florence, Italy, April 28,
1732; died in London, Aug. 14, 1794. Taste,
humor, and brilliancy are the leading qual-
ities of his work; (The Deuce Is in Him);
( New Brooms); (The Separate Maintenance);
and several other comedies, proclaiming him
a man of wit, a writer, and a playwright of rare
merits. *
Colman, George, the Younger. An English
dramatist and humorous poet; born in Lon-
don (? ), Oct. 21, 1762; died there, Oct. 17, 1836.
(The Iron Chest, John Bull (for which he
received an unprecedentedly large sum), and
(The Heir-at-Law, are most widely known
among his racy and rather noisy but most
laughable comedies. (Broad Grins) and (Poetic
Vagaries) are very amusing rhymes.
Colombi, Marchioness (kõ-lum'bē), pseu-
donym of Maria Torelli-Torriani. An Italian
novelist of to-day; born at Novara. Most note-
worthy among her stories is (In Risaia,' a
powerful description of the miseries of Italian
peasant life.
Colonna, Vittoria (ko-lon'nä). A poet of
Italy (1490-1547); born at Marino. Left a
widow in 1525 by the death of her husband,
the Marquis of Pescara, she lived thereafter in
retirement. She was the correspondent and
counselor of the foremost men of her time in
Italy, especially Michel Angelo. Her "Verses,'
celebrating the virtues of her deceased husband
and the beauties and consolations of religion,
were very highly esteemed by her contempo-
raries, and perhaps overpraised. Her (Corre-
spondence was published at Turin in 1888.
Colton, Walter. An American miscellaneous
writer; born in Rutland, Vt. , May 9, 1797; died
in Philadelphia, Pa. , Jan. 22, 1851. Became pro-
fessor of moral philosophy and belles-lettres at
Middletown Academy, Conn. (1825); in 1828–30
was editor of the American Spectator, Wash-
ington. In 1845 he went to California, and in
Monterey established the first newspaper of
the State, called the Californian. He wrote
many books of interest, including "A Visit to
Athens and Constantinople (1836) and (Three
Years in California' (1850). In 1851 Dr. Cheever
edited (The Sea and Sailor, Notes of France
and Italy, and Other Literary Remains, with a
biography of the author.
Columella, Lucius Junius Moderatus (kol-
u-mel'ä). A Latin author; born at Gades (? )
(Cadiz), and flourished in the first century.
His treatise Concerning Rustic Affairs) is a
very important work, showing the condition of
agriculture in Roman times.
Colvin, Sidney. An English critic; born in
Norwood, Surrey, June 18, 1845. He became
professor of fine arts at Cambridge in 1873.
His writings include (Children in Italian and
English Design (1872), and books on Landor,
Dürer, and other writers and artists.
Combe, George. A Scotch phrenologist;
born in Edinburgh, 1788; died 1858. He wrote
( The Constitution of Man Considered in Re-
lation to External Objects) (1828) and many
other works based upon phrenological science,
as well as a volume of American notes.
Combe, William. An English ne'er-do-weel
and fertile writer in prose and verse; born in
Bristol, 1741; died at Lambeth, June 19, 1823,
after 43 years within the rules of a debtor's
prison, and previous fortunes from officer to
cook. His (Tour of Dr. Syntax in Search of
the Picturesque) was once very popular.
Comegys, Benjamin Bartis. An American
religious, ethical, and juvenile writer; born in
Delaware, 1819. He is a bank president in
Philadelphia. He has written: Tour round
my Library); How to Get On' (1885); "Old
Stories with New Lessons) (1888); etc.
Comenius, Johann Amos (ko-me'ni-us). A
noted Czech pedagogue and theologian, one of
the world's great educators; born at Nivnitz (? ),
Moravia, March 28, 1592; died at Amsterdam,
Nov. 15, 1670. In the (Gate of Languages
Unlocked) (Janua Linguarum Reserata), the
(World of Sense Depicted) (Orbis Pictus
Sensualium), and "Great Didactics, or the
Whole Art of Teaching Everything) (Didactica
Magna, seu Omnes Omnia Docendi Artificium),
he shows the prodigious scope of his learning
and his no less prodigious skill in the applica-
tion of it. *
>
## p. 117 (#133) ############################################
COMINES — CONGREVE
-
117
Comines, Philippe de (kõ-mēn'). A noted
French chronicler; born at Comines, about
1445; died at the château of Argenton, Oct. 17,
1510. He was the trusted counselor of Philip
the Good, Duke of Burgundy, of his son and
successor Charles the Bold, of Louis XI. , King
of France, and of his successor Charles VIII.
His Memoirs) supply the most trustworthy
material we have for the history of his age, and
the fullest : according to Hallam, they (almost
make an epoch in historical literature. ) He
analyzes the motives of kings and statesmen,
and notes the manners of the time. He had
a conception of a philosophy of history. In
the current of events he sees problems work-
ing out; and his study is to trace their solution
through the tangle of intrigue and personal
ambitions. The first six books of the Me-
moirs) were written between 1488 and 1494,
and the last two between 1497 and 1501; they
were first printed in 1524-25. *
Commodianus (kõ-mo-di-ā'nus). A Latin
Christian poet who lived in the third or fourth
century. He wrote (Instructions against the
Gods of the Gentiles,' an acrostic poem.
Comnena, Anna (kom-ne'na). A Byzantine
princess; born 1083; died 1148. She wrote
(The Alexiad, a life of her father Alexis,
Byzantine Emperor,- a work of importance.
Comte, Auguste (kônt). A noted French
philosopher, founder of the Positive Philoso-
phy; born at Montpellier, Jan. 19, 1798; died
at Paris, Sept. 5, 1857. In his view the prob-
lem for philosophy is to ascertain the positive
and verifiable basis of all knowledge, sci-
ence, and religion-of the whole intellectual,
moral, and religious world of man. In work-
ing out this problem, Comte studied the basis
of the State or civil society; and set forth his
conclusions in 'The Positive Polity. He bases
the law of morals or of conduct on the social
feeling” or Altruism. The central fact of re-
ligion and the one object of religious worship
is Humanity conceived as a personality. The
uttermost conclusions from such an idea of
religion were drawn by Comte, and he contem-
plated the constitution of a priesthood whose
authority, though of course not enforceable by
pains and penalties, was to have as wide a
reach as the authority of the popes in medi-
æval times. His Positive Philosophy,' «Posi-
tivist Catechism,' and Positive Polity,' have
been translated into English. *
Conant, Thomas Jefferson. An American
Baptist divine and Biblical scholar; born at
Brandon, Vt. , Dec. 13, 1802; died at Brooklyn,
N. Y. , April 30, 1891. He translated Gese-
nius's Hebrew Grammar (1839), and published
annotated versions of "Job) (1857); (Matthew)
(1860); 'The Book of Proverbs); (Isaiah);
(Historical Books of the Old Testament from
Joshua to Second Kings); etc.
Condillac, Étienne Bonnot de Mably de
(kôn-de-yäk'). A French philosopher; born
in Grenoble, Sept. 30, 1715; died at his estate
near Beaugency, Aug. 3, 1780. He founded an
international reputation upon (The Essay on
the Origin of Human Knowledge (or Sense Per-
ceptions) (1746); duly succeeded by the cele-
brated (Treatise on the Sensations) (1754), the
central standpoint of these and other works
being what is, philosophically speaking, sensa-
tionalism; a belief, that is, that what we know
we know only through the senses, and hence
our ideas of deity, love, the soul, etc. , are
largely modified forms of the objects that im-
press us in our daily material experience. These
standpoints were practically those of French
philosophy until the advent of Cousin.
Condorcet, Marie Jean Antoine Nicolas
Caritat, Marquis de (kor-dor'sā'). An illus-
trious French mathematician, philosopher, and
economist; born at Ribemont, Picardy, Sept.
17, 1743; died at Bourg-la-Reine, March 28,
1794. He was one of the conspicuous figures
of the French Revolution, and killed himself
in prison. "Historical Sketch of the Progress
of the Human Mind? (1795) is deemed his
greatest work.
Cone, Helen Gray. An American poet;
born in New York, 1859. She is a teacher in the
Normal College, New York. She has written :
(Oberon and Puck) (1885); (The Ride to the
Lady and Other Poems. )
Confucius or Khoong-Foo-tre (kon-fu’she-
us). The head of Chinese religious and social
philosophy; born about 551 B. C. ; died 478
B. C. His (Analects) is an exposition of his
philosophy, and he is said to have written the
preface to the Book of Historical Documents. )
He is also credited with having compiled the
(Ancient Poems, about 300 pieces. His last
work is called the « Annals of Lee) or (Spring
and Autumn, a sort of philosophical history
and ethical manual. His writings have been
translated into English, and form a volume in
the series edited by Prof. Max Müller, (Sacred
Books of the East,' published for Oxford Uni-
versity by the Clarendon Press. * (See (The
Literature of China. ')
Congdon, Charles Taber. An American
journalist; born in New Bedford, Mass. , April
7, 1821; died in New York city, Jan. 18, 1891.
He edited for a time the organ of the Peo-
ple's Party in the Dorr Rebelion in Rhode
Island, 1842. From 1857 to 1882 he was on the
editorial staff of the New York Tribune, and
a frequent contributor of critical and literary
articles to the magazines. In 1861 he pub-
lished a poem; in 1869 (Tribune Essays); and
in 1880 (Reminiscences of a Journalist. !
Congreve, William. A noted English dram-
atist; born in Bardsley, near Leeds, April 5,
1670; died at London, Jan. 19, 1729. A man of
fashion, his comedies show a wit more brilliant
than decorous and a taste less moral thar.
critical. (The Old Bachelor); (The Double
Dealer); (Love for Love); and a few others,
show great wit and facility. He is regared as
the most eminent of the Restoration drama-
tists. *
1
1
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118
CONNELLY - COOK
Connelly, Mrs. Celia (Logan). An Ameri-
can journalist and playwright; born in Penn-
sylvania, 1839. Her home is in Washington,
D. C. An American Marriage) is one of her
most successful plays.
Conrad, Georg (kõn'räd), pseudonym of
Prince George of Prussia. A German drama-
tist; born Feb. 12, 1826. He has experimented
successfully with various forms of dramatic
literature; and among his productions, Phædra,
a metrical drama, (Where Is Happiness ? ) a
comedy, and (The Marchioness of Brinvilliers,'
a tragedy, may be cited as specimens of a
trained and true talent.
Conrad, Michael Georg (kõn'räd). A Ger-
man novelist; born at Gnodstadt, in Franconia,
April 5, 1846. He founded at Munich, in 1885,
Society, a journal intended to be an organ of
the (naturalistic school. He spent several
years in Paris, and many of his sketches relate
to phases of life in France. Among his novels
are : (The Wise Virgins); (The Fool's Confes-
sion. He is author of a comedy, (The Eman-
cipated,' and the drama (The Firm of Gold-
berg. On social and political questions he has
written : (The German Reveille); Justice, the
State, and the Modern Spirit.
Conrad, Robert Taylor. An American
lawyer and dramatist; born in Philadelphia,
June 10, 1810; died there, June 27, 1858. He
wrote: (Aylmere) (1852), a tragedy in which
Edwin Forrest played the rôle of Jack Cade;
Conrad of Naples,' a tragedy; Poems)
(1852); etc.
Conradi, Hermann (kön-rä'dē). A German
literary critic and essayist (1862–90); born at
Jetznitz. As lyrist and critic he was a rep-
resentative of radical realism, a follower of
Tolstoy, Ibsen, and Nietzsche. His genius was
forceful, but undisciplined, and his writings
lack repose and polish. With his too radical
story of Adam Man) (1889) he incurred the
penalties of the law against publications that
offend morality.
Conscience, Hendrik (kôn-syons'). A great
Flemish novelist, one of the re-creators of Flem-
ish literature; born at Antwerp, Dec. 3, 1812;
died in Brussels, Sept. 10, 1883. His first story,
(In the Wonder-Year 1566,' was received with
unbounded popular favor, and his delineations
of lowly Flemish home life soon became fa-
miliar throughout Europe. His historical noy.
els (The Lion of Flanders) (1838), and others,
won his widest fame; but his distinctive power
and merit were in his peasant studies, of which
the masterpieces are: (Siska van Roosmael
(1844); (The Conscript) (1850); (Rikke-tikke-
tak) (1851); (The Poor Nobleman' (1851);
«The Luck to be Rich) (1855). He wrote
a musical drama, (The Poet and his Dream)
(1872). *
Constant de Rebecque, Henri Benjamin
(kôn-ston'dė re-bek'). A French publicist;
born at Lausanne, Switzerland, Oct. 23, 1767;
died at Paris, Dec. 8, 1830. Popularly remem-
bered as the lover of Mme. de Staël. A mem-
ber of the Revolutionary Tribunate, he was
banished by Napoleon, and later by the Bour-
bons for accepting Napoleon. Besides many
works on political questions and the history of
political constitutions, and two on the history
of religion,- viz. , Religion Considered in its
Source, its Forms, and its Developments,' and
(Roman Polytheism,' - he wrote a romance,
Adolphe (1816), which profoundly influenced
European literature.
Conti, Amélie Gabrielle Stephanie Louise,
Princess of (kon'tē). An Italian writer of
memoirs. The narrative of her misfortunes,
in 2 vols. (1797), attracted the attention of all
Europe, and gave to Goethe the material of
his Natural Daughter.
Conway, Hugh. See Fargus.
Conway, Katharine Eleanor. An Ameri-
can journalist and poet; born at Rochester,
N. Y. , 1853. She is attached to the Boston
Pilot. She has written : (Songs of the Sunrise
Slope) (1881); (A Dream of Lilies) (1892),
both in verse; (Making Friends and Keeping
Them; and (A Lady and her Letters. )
Conway, Moncure Daniel. Born in Staf-
ford County, Va. , March 17, 1832. He became
a Methodist minister; but changing his opin-
ions on theology, and especially on slavery,
settled in Cincinnati, O. , as a radical Unita-
rian preacher. During the Civil War he left
this country and preached in London for sev-
eral years, finally returning and settling in
New York. His literary activity has been
great, his writings having been published under
the following titles : (The Rejected Stone);
(Idols and Ideals); Demonology and Devil
Lore); The Wandering Jew); Sketch of Car-
lyle); (The Earthward Pilgrimage); (Sacred
Anthology, a compilation; (Emerson at Home
and Abroad); (George Washington and Mount
Vernon); "Omitted Chapters in Life and Let-
ters of Edmund Randolph); "Life of Thomas
Paine); (Tracts for To-Day); Natural His.
tory of the Devil'; (The Golden Hour);
Testimonies Concerning Slavery); Human
Sacrifices in England'; 'Lessons for the Day);
(Travels in South Kensington); (A Necklace
of Stories); Pine and Palm,' a novel ; (Prisms
of Air,' a novel.
Conyngham, David Power. An Irish-Ameri-
can journalist and miscellaneous writer; born
in Ireland, 1840; died 1883. He was editor of
the New York Tablet. He wrote: (Sherman's
March through the South) (1865); (Lives of
the Irish Saints and Martyrs) (1870); and a
number of Irish novels, including (Sarsfield"
(1871).
Cook, Clarence Chatam. An American jour-
nalist, and distinguished art critic; born in
Dorchester, Mass. , Sept. 8, 1828. He contributed
to the New York Tribune a series of articles
on American art, 1863-69; subsequently was its
Paris correspondent. He was editor of the
Studio until its suspension. He has published :
B
## p. 119 (#135) ############################################
COOK - COOPER
119
(
(The Central Park) (1868); (The House Beau-
tiful) (1878); (Stools and Candlesticks); (Es-
says on Beds and Tables); and edited with
notes a translation of the 7th German edition
of Wilhelm Lübke's History of Art) (2 vols. ,
1878).
Cook, Eliza. An English poet; born in Lon-
don, 1817; died at Wimbledon, Sept. 23, 1889.
Melaia and Other Poems) made her name
known. She also published Eliza Cook's
Journal. Her most familiar poem is (The
Old Arm-Chair. She wrote also (The Old
Farm Gate); (The Home in the Heart); and
I Miss Thee, My Mother. New Echoes and
Other Poems) is one of her volumes.
Cook, Joseph. A noted American lecturer
on religious and social topics; born at Ticon-
deroga, N. Y. , Jan. 26, 1838. He carried on the
Monday lectureship in Boston (1874-80); was
in Europe and Asia in 1880-82, resuming the
lectures in Boston in 1883. His published works
include Boston Monday Lectures ) (10 vols. ,
1877); (Current Religious Perils, with Other
Addresses. In 1888 he founded Our Day, a
monthly reform magazine.
Cooke, George Willis. An American mis-
cellaneous writer; born in Comstock, Mich. ,
April 23, 1848. His chief works are: (Ralph
Waldo Emerson: his Life and Writings) (1881);
Life of George Eliot) (1883); (A Guide Book
to the Poetic and Dramatic Works of Robert
Browning' (1891); Poets and Problems);
(The Clapboard Trees Parish'; and (Dedham,
a History?
Cooke, John Esten. An American novelist;
born in Winchester, Va. , Nov. 3, 1830; died near
Boyce, Va. , Sept. 27, 1886. He was an extens-
ive contributor of stories, sketches, and verses
to various periodicals, and has written many
books, in which are included : (The Virginia
Comedians) (1854); (Hilt to Hilt) (1869);
(Life of Gen. Robert E. Lee) (1871); Vir-
ginia, a History of the People) (1883); (The
Youth of Jefferson); (Surry of Eagle's Nest);
(Wearing the Grey); (Pretty Mrs. Gaston);
(Virginia Bohemians '; etc.
Cooke, Josiah Parsons. A distinguished
American chemist; born at Boston, Oct. 12,
1827; died at Newport, R. I. , Sept. 3, 1894. He
was professor of chemistry at Harvard Uni-
versity (1850-94), and lectured on scientific sub-
jects in various cities and towns throughout the
country. Besides a number of technical works,
he wrote: (Religion and Chemistry) (1864);
"Scientific Culture) (new ed. 1885); (The Cre-
dentials of Science the Warrant of Faith)
(1888).
Cooke, Philip Pendleton. An American
poet and prose-writer; born in Martinsburg,
Va. , Oct. 26, 1816; died near Boyce, Va. , Jan.
21, 1850. His first poems were published in
the Knickerbocker Magazine. His works in
book for include: (Froissart Ballads and
Other Poems) (1847); the tales of John Carpe)
and (The Crime of Andrew Blair); and his
short lyric poem, Florence Vane, which was
set to music.
Cooke, Philip St. George. A United States
army officer and military writer; born near
Leesburg, Berkeley County, Va. , 1809; died 1895.
He also studied law and was admitted to
practice. Besides works on tactics, he wrote:
Scenes and Adventures in the Army' (1856);
Conquest of New Mexico and California)
(1878).
Cooke, Mrs. Rose (Terry). A distinguished
American poet and short-story writer; born at
West Hartford, Conn. , Feb. 17, 1827; died at
Pittsfield, Mass. , July 18, 1892. Her complete
poems were published in 1888: (The Gentian)
and “The Two Villages) are good representa-
tives. Her best short stories treat of New Eng.
land rural life. The novel (Steadfast appeared
in 1889. Her most acceptable work appeared
originally in the Atlantic Monthly and other
periodicals. *
Cooke, Thomas. An English poet and prose-
writer, commonly called Hesiod Cooke; born
at Braintree, Dec. 16, 1703; died at Lambeth
(London), Dec. 20, 1756. (The Battle of the
Poets) is an attack on 'Pope, Swift, and others,
which gained him an unenviable conspicuity
in the Dunciad. As a translator from the
classics, notably Hesiod, he is very successful.
Coolbrith, Ina Donna. An American poet;
born near Springfield, II. , 18+ She became
librarian of the Oakland Public Library, Cali-
fornia, in 1874. She has written (The Perfect
Day and Other Poems) (1881); (Songs of the
Golden Gate. )
Cooley, Thomas McIntyre. A noted Amer.
ican jurist; born at Attica, N. Y. , Jan. 6, 1824.
He was professor of law in the University of
Michigan (1859 and 1881); Chief Justice of
that State (1868–69); chairman of the United
States Interstate Commerce Commission (1887–
91). He wrote: A Treatise upon Wrongs
and their Remedies) (Vol. i. , 1878); (General
Principles of Constitutional Law in the United
States) (1880); etc.
Coolidge, Susan. See Woolsey, Sarah.
Coombe, william. See Combe.
Coombs, Mrs. Annie (Sheldon). An Amer.
ican novelist ; born at Albany, N. Y. , 1858;
died 1890. Her home was in New York. She
wrote: 'As Common Mortals) (1886); (A Game
of Chance) (1887); (The Garden of Armida.
Cooper, James Fenimore. An American
novelist and historian; born in Burlington, N. J. ,
Sept. 15, 1789; died at Cooperstown, N. Y. , Sept.
14, 1851. His novels comprise : Precaution)
(1820); (The Spy) (1821); (The Pioneers)
(1823); (The Pilot) (1823); "Lionel Lin-
coln) (1825); (The Last of the Mohicans)
(1826); (The Red Rover) (1827); (The Prairie)
(1827); "The Traveling Bachelor) (1828);
(Wept of the Wish-ton-Wish) (1829); (The
Water-Witch) (1830); (The Bravo! (1831);
(The Heidenmauer) (1832); «The Headsman)
(1833); (The Monikins) (1835); (Homeward
## p. 120 (#136) ############################################
I 20
COOPER-CORBIN
>
verse.
Bound' (1838); (Home as Found' (1838);
(The Pathfinder) (1840); Mercedes of Cas-
tile) (1840); (The Deerslayer) (1841); (The
Two Admirals) (1842); Wing and Wing
(1842); Ned Myers) (1843); (Wyandotte)
(1843); (Afoat and Ashore) (1844); Miles
Wallingford (1844); (The Chainbearer) (1845);
"Satanstoe) (1845); (The Redskins) (1846);
(The Crater) (1847); (Jack Tar» (1848); Oak
Openings) (1848); «The Sea Lions) (1849);
(The Ways of the Hour) (1850). He also
wrote Notions of the Americans) (1828) to
vindicate his countrymen from the false ideas
of foreigners -- after which the foreign journals
at once ceased praising his novels and became
unsparing in censure; a (History of the Navy
of the United States) (1839); “The Battle of
Lake Erie) (1842), in answer to criticisms on
the preceding ; (Lives of American Naval Offi-
cers' (2 vols. ); and others. *
Cooper, Peter. A famous American in-
ventor, manufacturer, and philanthropist; born
in New York, Feb. 12, 1791; died there, April 4,
1883. A coachmaker by trade, he became a
successful inventor and glue manufacturer, and
acquired a large fortune. He built, after his
own designs, the first locomotive engine con-
structed on this continent (1830); was one of
the original promoters of the electric telegraph,
actively interested in the construction of the
New York State canals, etc. He was the candi.
date of the “Greenback » party for President in
1876. He is best known by the institution that
was dearest to his own heart, the “Cooper
Union of New York, founded for the instruc-
tion of the industrial classes (1854-59). He
wrote: (Political and Financial Opinions, with
an Autobiography) (1877); Ideas for a Science
of Good Government' (1883).
Cooper, Susan Fenimore. An American
prose-writer, daughter of Fenimore Cooper;
born in Scarsdale, N. Y. , 1813; died in Coop-
erstown, N. Y. , Dec. 31, 1894. During the last
years of her father's life she was his secre-
tary and amanuensis. She has written : (Rural
Hours) (1850); 'Fields Old and New) (1854);
(The Shield: A Narrative); Mt. Vernon to
the Children of America) (1858); (Rhyme and
Reason of Country Life); and others.
Cooper, Thomas. An English poet and
novelist, best remembered as a Chartist poli-
tician; born at Leicester, March 20, 1805;
died at Lincoln, July 15, 1892. A shoemaker
by trade, he engaged in politics, and soon
found himself in prison, where he wrote (The
Purgatory of Suicides,' a moving epic of pro-
letarianism. His (Captain Cobbler,' a story,
and his “Poetical Works, are favorably known.
Coornhert. Dirck Volckertsen (körn'hert).
A Dutch poet and scholar (1522-90). By his
poetical writings, Book of Songs) (1575),
(Right Use and Abuse of Worldly Possessions)
(1585), and several dramas, as also by his ele-
gant translations from Boccaccio and the clas-
sics, he earned the title of “restorer of the
Dutch language. "
Copernicus, Nikolaus (ko-pėr'ni-kus). A
famous Polish astronomer; born in Thorn, Po.
land, Feb. 19, 1473; died at Frauenburg, Prus-
sia, May 24, 1543. He wrote: (Revolutions of
the Celestial Orbs) (De Orbium Coelestium Rev.
olutionibus), in which is proclaimed the fact
that the sun and not the earth is the centre of
our planetary system. *
Coppée, François (ko-pā'). An eminent
French poet, romancer, and dramatist ; born in
Paris, Jan. 12, 1842. He was trained for what
the Parisians call a ministerial career, but wrote
(The Reliquary) and (Intimacies,' books of
In Modern Poems, (The Benediction,
and “The Strike of the Smiths,' we have a very
modern note. *
Coppée, Henry. An American soldier, edu-
cator, and miscellaneous writer; born at Savan-
nah, Ga. , Oct. 13, 1821 ; died March 21, 1895. He
served in the Mexican War (1846-48); was in-
structor at West Point (1848-49, 1850-55); pro-
fessor of English literature and history at the
University of Pennsylvania (1855-56); president
of Lehigh University (1866-75); professor of his-
tory there (1875-95). Besides various educa-
tional and military works, he wrote: (Grant
and his Campaigns) (1866); History of the
Conquest of Spain by the Arab-Moors) (2 vols. ,
1881).
Coppi, Antonio (kop'pē). An Italian econ-
omist and historian; born in Andezeno, Pied-
mont, April 12, 1782; died at Rome, Feb. 24,
1870. He wrote a (Continuation of Muratori's
Annals of Italy, from 1750) (1824-68); and a
study (On the Finances of Mediæval Rome)
(1855).
Copway, George. Native name, Kah-ge-ga-
gaw-bowh. An Indian journalist, lecturer, and
miscellaneous writer; born in Michigan, 1818;
died about 1869. He belonged to the Ojibway
tribe, and was settled in New York. He wrote:
(Recollections of a Forest Life); (The Ojib.
way Conquest,' a poem; (Running Sketches
of Men and Places in Europe); etc.
Coquelin, Benoît Constant (kõk-lan'). A
French actor; born at Boulogne-sur-Mer, Jan.
23, 1841.
