No More Learning



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556
CAESARION.
CAESARIUS.
Caius was sent into Asia in B. c. 1, where he | Suet. Caes. 52, Aug. 17; Plut. Caes. 49, Anton.
passed his consulship in the following year, A. n. 1. 54, 81, 82. )
About this time Phraates IV. , king of Parthia, CAESARIUS, ST. (Kaioáperos), a physician
seized upon Armenia, and Caius accordingly pre- who is however better known as having been the
pared to make war against him, but the Parthian brother of St. Gregory Theologus. He was born of
king gave up Armenia, and settled the terms of Christian parents, his father (whose name was Gre-
peace at an interview with Caius on an island in gory) being bishop of Nazianzis. He was care-
the Euphrates. (A. D. 2. ) After this Caius went fully and religiously educated, and studied at Alex-
to take possession of Armenia, but was treacher- andria, where he made great progress in geometry,
ously wounded before the town of Artagera in astronomy, arithmetic, and medicine. He after-
this country. Of this wound he never recovered, wards embraced the medical profession, and settled
and died some time afterwards at Limyra in Lycia, at Constantinople, where he enjoyed a great repu-
on the 21st of February, A. D. 4. His brother tation, and became the friend and physician of the
Lucius had died eighteen months previously, on emperor Constantius, A. D. 337–360. Upon the
August 20th, A. D. 2, at Massilia, on his way to accession of Julian, Caesarius was tempted by the
Spain. Their bodies were brought to Rome. emperor to apostatize to paganism; but he refused,
Some suspected that their death was occasioned and chose rather to leave the court and return to
by their step-mother Livia. (Dion Cass. liv. his native country. After the death of Julian, he
8, 18, 26, lv. 6, 9, 11, 12; Zonar. x. p. 539 ; was recalled to court, and held in high esteem by
Suet. Aug. 26, 56, 64, 65, Tib. 12; Vell. Pat. ii
. the emperors Jovian, Valens, and Valentinian, by
101, 102; Tac. Ann. i. 3, ii. 4; Florus, iv. 12. one of whom he was appointed quaestor of Bithy-
'$ 42; Lapis Ancyranus. )
nia. At the tiine of the earthquake at Nicaea, he
C. Caesar married Livia or Livilla, the daughter was preserved in a very remarkable manner, upon
of Antonia (ANTONIA, No. 6], who afterwards which his brother St. Gregory took occasion to
married the younger Drusus, but he left no issue. write a letter (which is still extant, Ep. 20, vol. ii.
(Tac. Ann. iv. 40. ) L. Caesar was to have married p. 19, ed. Paris, 1840), urging upon him the duty
Aemilia Lepida, but died previously. (Ann. iii. of abandoning all worldly cares, and giving himself
23. ) There are several coins both of Caius and up entirely to the service of God. This he had long
Lucius : their portraits are given in the one an- wished to do, but was now prevented from putting
nexed. (Eckkel, vi. p. 170. )
his design into execution by his death, which took
place A. D. 369, shortly after his baptism. His
brother pronounced a funeral oration on the occa-
sion, which is still extant (Orat. 7, vol. i. p. 198),
and from which the preceding particulars of his life
are taken ; and also wrote several short poems, or
epitaphs, lamenting his death. (Opera, vol. ii. p.
| 1110, &c. ) There is extant, under the name of
Caesarius, a short Greek work, with the title
llevoets, Quaestiones Theologicae et Philosophicue,
which, though apparently considered, in the time
C. CAESAR CALIGULA. [CALIGULA. ] of Photius ( Biblioth. Cod. 210), to belong to the bro-
CAESA’RION, the son of Cleopatra, originally ther of St. Gregory, is now generally believed to be
called Ptolemaeus as an Egyptian prince, was born the work of some other person. The contents of
soon after the departure of Julius Caesar from the book are sufficiently indicated by the title. It
Alexandria in B. c. 47, and probably accompanied has been several times published with the works of
his mother to Rome in the following year. Cleo- his brother, St. Gregory, and in collections of the
patra said that he was the son of Julius Caesar, Fathers; and also separately, in Greek and Latin,
and there seems little doubt of this from the time August. Vindel. 1626, 4to. ed. Elias Ehinger. The
at which Caesarion was born, from the favourable memory of St. Caesarius is celebrated in the Rom-
reception of his mother at Rome, and from the ish Church on Feb. 25. (Acta Sanctorum, Feb. 25,
dictator allowing him to be called after his own vol. v. p. 496, &c. ; Lambec. Biblioth. Vindob. vol.
name. Antonius declared in the senate, doubtless iv. p. 66, &c. , ed. Kollar ; Fabric. Bill. Graec. vol.
after Caesar's death and for the purpose of annoy- viii. pp. 435, 436. )
[W. A. G. ]
ing Augustus, that the dictator had acknowledged CAESARIUS, a distinguished ecclesiastic of
Caesarion as his son ; but Oppius wrote a treatise the fifth and sixth centuries, was born at Chalons
to prove the contrary.
in 468, devoted his youth to the discipline of a
In consequence of the assistance which Cleopatra monastic life, and was elected bishop of Arles in
had afforded Dolabella, she obtained from the tri- 502. He presided over this see for forty years,
umvirs in B. C. 42 permission for her son Caesarion during which period he was twice accused of trea-
to receive the title of king of Egypt. In B. C. 34, son, first against Alaric, and afterwards against
Antony conferred upon him the title of king of Theodoric, but upon both occasions was honourably
kings; he subsequently called him in his will the acquitted. He took an active share in the delibe-
son of Caesar, and after the battle of Actium (B. C. rations of several councils of the church, and gained
31) declared him and his own son Antyllus to be peculiar celebrity by his strenuous exertions for
of age. When everything was lost, Cleopatra sent the suppression of the Semipelagian doctrines,
Caesarion with great treasures by way of Aethiopia which had been promulgated about a century be-
to India ; but his tutor Rhodon persuaded him to fore by Cassianus, and had spread widely in south-
return, alleging that Augustus had determined to ern Gaul. A life of Caesarius, which however
give him the kingdom of Egypt. After the death must be considered rather in the light of a pane-
of his mother, he was executed by crder of Augus- gyric than of a sober biography, was composed by
tus. (Dion Cass. xlvii. 31, xlix. 41, 1. 1, 3, li. 6; his friend and pupil, Cyprian, bishop of Toulon.
CAESS
SOS


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CAESIA GENS.
557
CAESIUS.
a
Caesarius is the author of two treatises, one en- CAESIANUS, APRONIUS. (APRONIUS,
titled Regula ad Monachos, and another Regula | No. 3. )
ad Virgines, which, together with three Exhorta- CAÉ'SIUS. 1. M. Caesius, was praetor with
tiones and some opuscula, will be found in the 8th C. Licinius Sacerdos in B. C. 75. (Cic. Verr. i. 50. )
volume of the Bibliotheca Patrum, Leyden, 1677; 2. M. Caesius, a rapacious farmer of the tithes
and were printed in a sepnrate volume, with the in Sicily during the administration of Verres, B. C.
notes of Meynardus, at Poitiers (Petavium), 1621, 73, &c. (Cic. Verr. iii. 39, 43. )
8vo. His chief works, however, consist of ser- 3. L. Caesius, was one of Cicero's friends, and
mons or homilies. Forty of these were published accompanied him during his proconsular adminis-
by Cognatus, at Basle, 1558, 4to. , and 1569, fol. , | tration of Cilicia, in B. C. 50. (Al Quint. Frut. i. 1.
and are included in the Monumenta SS. Patrum $ 4, 2. $ 2. ) He seems to be the same person as
Orthodoxographa of Grynacus, Cologne, 1618, fol.
the Caesius who superintended the building of Q.
p. 1861; a collection of forty-six, together with Cicero's villa of the Manilianum. (Ad Quini. Frut.
some smaller tracts, are in the 8th volume of the iii. 1. SS 1, 2. ) There is a Roman denarius bear-
Bibliotheca Patrum referred to above; and the ing the name L. Caesius (see above), but whether
Ilth voluine of the Bibliotheca Patrum of Galland | it belongs to our L. Caesius or not cannot be ascer-
(Venice, 1776) contains fourteen more, first brought tained.
to light by Baluze (Paris, 1699, 8vo. ); but, be- 4. M. Caesius, of Arpinum, an intimate friend
sides thesc, upwards of a hundred out of the 317 of Cicero, who held the office of aedile at Arpinum,
discourses falsely attributed to Augustin are com- the only municipium which had such a magistracy,
monly assigned to Caesarius. (Vita S. Caesarii, in B. C. 47. (Cic. ad Fam. xiii. 11, 12. )
Episc. Arelatensis, a Cypriano, ejus Discipulo, et
5. P. Caesius, a Roman eques of Ravenna, re-
Messiano Presb. et Stephano Diac. conscripta dua ceived the Roman franchise from Cn. Pompeius,
bus libris, in the Vilae SS. of Surius, 27 August. the father of Pompey the Great. (Cic. pro Balb.
p. 284. See also Dissertatio de Vita ct Scriptis 22. ) There is a letter of Cicero (ad Fam. xlii. 51)
S. Caesarii, Arelatensis Archicp. , by Oudin in his addressed to P. Caesius (B. C. 47), in which Cicero
Comment. de Scriptt. Eccles. vol. i. p. 1339 ; in ad recommends to him his friend P. Messienus. From
dition to which, Funccius, De Inerti et Decrepita the manner in which Cicero there speaks (pro
Senectute Linguae Latinue, cap. vi. Sviii. ; and Baehr, nostra et pro paterna amicitia), it would almost
Geschichte der Römischen Literatur, Suppl. vol. ii.
seem as if there was some mistake in the praeno-
P. 425. )
(W. R. ] men, and as if the letter was addressed to M.
CAESENNIUS, the name of a noble Etruscan Caesius of Arpinum. But it may be, that there
family at Tarquinii, two members of wbich are men- had existed a friendship between Cicero and the
tioned by Cicero, namely, P. Caesennius and Cae- father of Caesius, of which beyond this allusion
sennia, first the wife of M. Fulcinius, and after- nothing is known.
wards of A. Caecina. (Cic. pro Caecin. 4, 6, 10. )
6. Sex. Caesius, a Roman eques, who is men-
The name is found in sepulchral inscriptions. tioned by Cicero (pro Flacc. 28) as a man of great
(Müller, Etrusker, i. p. 433. )
honesty and integrity.
[L. S. )
CAESENNIUS LENTO. (LENTO. ]
T. CAE'SIUS, a jurist, one of the disciples of
CAESE'NNIUS PAETUS. [Paetus. ]
Servius Sulpicius, the eminent friend of Cicero.
C. CAE'SETIUS, a Roman knight, who en Pomponius (Dig. 1. tit. 2. 6. un. Ø 44) enumerates
treated Caesar to pardon Q. Ligarius. (Cic
. pro ten disciples of Servius, among whom T. Caesius
Lig. 11. )
is mentioned, in a passage not free from the inac-
P. CAESE'TIUS, the quaestor of C. Verres. curacy of expression which pervades the whole
(Cic. Verr. iv. 65, v. 25. )
title De Origine Juris. His words are these :
CAESETIUS FLAVUS. [Flavus. ] “ Ab hoc (Servio) plurimi profecerunt: fere tamen
CAESEʻTIUS RUFUS. (Rufus. )
hi libros conscripserunt : ALFENUS Varus, A.
CAE'SIA, a surname of Minerva, a translation Ofilius, T. CAESIUS, AUFIDIUS Tucca, AUFIDIUS
of the Greek ghavkat. (Terent. Heaut. v. 5, NAMUSA, Flavius PRISCUS, Ateis Pacuvius,
18; Cic. de Nat. Deor. i. 30. )
[L. S. ] LABEO ANTISTIUS, Labeonis Antistii pater, CINNA,
CAEʻSIA GENS, plebeian, does not occur till Publicius Gellius. Ex his decem libros octo
towards the end of the republic. (Caesius. ) conscripserunt, quorum omnes qui fuerunt libri
On the following coin of this gens, the obverse digesti sunt ab Aufidio Namusa in centum quadra-
represents the head of a youthful god brandish- ginta libros. " It is not clear from this account
ing an arrow or spear with three points, who whether (according to the usual interpretation of
is usually supposed from the following passage of the passage) only eight of the ten were authors, or
A. Gellius (v. 12) to be Apollo Veioris : “Simu- whether (as appears to be the more correct inter-
lacrum dei Veiovis sagittas tenet, quae sunt pretation) all the ten wrote books, but not more
videlicet paratae ad nocendum. Quapropter eum
than eight wrote books which were digested by
deum plerique Apollinem esse dixerunt. ” The Aufidius Namusa. In the computation of the
two men on the reverse are Lares : between them eight, it is probable that the compiler himself was
stands a dog, and above them the head of Vulcan not included. T. Caesius is nowhere else expressly
with a forceps. (Eckhel, v. p. 156, &c. )
mentioned in the Digest, but “ Ofilius, Cascellius,
et Serrü auditorcs, are cited Dig. 33. tit. 4. s. 6.
§ 1, and the phrase Servii auditores occurs also
Dig. 33. tit. 7. s. 12. pr. , and Dig. 33. tit. 7. s. 12,
§ 6. In Dig. 39. tit. 3. s. 1. $ 6, where Serviz
arctores is the reading of the Florentine manu-
script of the Digest, Servii auditores has been pro-
posed as a conjectural emendation. Under these
names it has been supposed that the eight disciples


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358
CAESONINUS.
CAIETA.
a
of Servius, or rather Namusa's Digest of their M. CAESO'NIUS, one of the judices at Rome,
works, is referred to. If so, it is likely that the an upright man, who displayed his integrity in the
eight included T. Caesius, and did not include inquiry into the murder of Cluentius, B. c. 74,
A. Ofilius. Dirksen (Beitraege zur Kunde des when C. Junius presided over the court.
He was
Roem. Rechts, p. 23, n. 52, et p. 329), who thinks aedile elect with Cicero in B. c. 70, and conse-
this supposition unnecessary, does not, in our quently would not have been able to act as judex
opinion, shake its probability. Gellius (vi. 5) in the following year, as a magistrate was not
quotes the words of a treaty between the Romans allowed to discharge the duties of judex during his
and Carthaginians from Alfenus,“ in libro Diges- year of office. This was one reason among others
torum trigesimo et quarto, Conjectaneorum [al. why the friends of Verres were anxious to post-
Conlectaneorum) autem secundo. ” As it is known pone his trial till B. C. 69. The praetorship of
from the Florentine Index, that Alfenus wrote Caesonius is not mentioned, but he must have ob-
forty books Digestorum, and as no other work of tained it in the same year as Cicero, namely, B. C.
his is elsewhere mentioned, it has been supposed 06, as Cicero writes to Atticus in 65, that there was
that the Conjectanea or Conlectanea cited by Gel- some talk of Caesonius becoming a candidate with
lius is identical with the compilation of Namusa him for the consulship. (Cic. Verr. Act. i.