Ξεϊνε, Φιλητάς ειμί • λόγων ο ψευδόμενός με
With this exception he plays no part in history: ώλεσε και νυκτών Φροντίδες έσπέριοι,
(Liv.
With this exception he plays no part in history: ώλεσε και νυκτών Φροντίδες έσπέριοι,
(Liv.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - c
; see also Etym.
Mag.
p.
563.
32 ; Fabric.
Sophaenetus, the eldest of the generals, were the
Bibl. Graec. vol. vi. p. 169).
two appointed to proceed on ship-board with the
6. The instructor of the younger Maximin. older men, the women and children, and the sick.
(Capitolin. Maxim. Jun. 1. )
At Cotyora, Philesius was one of those who at-
7. The author of a NetiKDV TexVodoyikóv, the tacked Xenophon for having, as was presumed,
extant portion of which was first edited, from a endeavoured secretly to bring over the soldiers to
MS. preserved in the Royal Library at Paris, by his project of founding a Greek colony on the
C. Burney (Lond. 1812), and afterwards by F. Euxine, without making any public announce-
Osann (Berlin, 1821). The author informs us in ment of it. At the same place, in a court held to
his preface, that his work was intended to take take cognizance of the conduct of the generals,
the place of a similar Lexicon by the Grammarian Philesius was fined 20 minae (somewhat more
Hyperechius, for such is the true reading, and not than 802. ) for a deficiency in the cargoes of the
Hypereschius, as it stands in the text of Philemon ships in which the army had come from Trapezus,
(Suid. s. vv. 'Trepéxlos, Aéw ; Tzetz. Chil. x. 305). and of which he was one of the commissioners.
The work of Hyperechius was entitled to At Byzantium, when Xencphon had calmed the
'Αλεξανδρέως Υπερεχίου ονομάτων τεχνολογία κα- tumult among the Cyreans consequent on their
VOVAK S ouvredeira, and was arranged in eight discovery of the treachery of Anaxibius, Philesius
books, according to the eight different parts of was one of the deputation which was sent to the
speech (HYPERECHIUS). Philemon's lexicon was latter with a conciliatory message. (Xen. Anab.
a meagre epitome of this work, the best parts of iii. 1. $ 47, v. 3. § 1, 6. & 27, 8. g 1, vii. 1. $$
which he seems to have omitted : it is, however, 32, 34. )
[E. E. ]
not without its value in the department of literary PHILETAERUS (BLAétalpos). 1. Founder of
history. It is often quoted in the Etymologicum the kingdom of Pergamus, was a native of the
Magnum. The part of it which is extant consists small town of Tieium in Paphlagonia, and was an
of the first book, and the beginning of the second, eunuch in consequence of an accident suffered when
Teplovoudrw. Hyperechius lived about the middle a child (Strab. xii. p. 543, xiii. p. 623). Accord-
of the fifth century of our era, and Philemon may ing to Carystius (ap. Athen, xiii. p. 577, b. ) he
probably be placed in the seventh. All the in- was the son of a courtezan, though writers who
formation we have respecting him is collected by flourished under the kings of Pergamus did not
Osann, who also supplies important notices of the scruple to trace back their descent to Hercules.
other writers of this name. (See also Classical He is first mentioned in the service of Docimus,
Journal, No. xii. pp. 37–42; Museum Criticum, the general of Antigonus, from which he passed
vol. i. pp. 197—200 ; Schneider, Ueber Philemon, into that of Lysimachus, and soon rose to so high
in the Philol. Biblioth. vol. ii. p. 520). [P. S. ] a degree of favour with that monarch as to be en-
PHILEMON, an engraver on precious stones, trusted by him with the charge of the treasures
two of whose gems are extant. (Bracci, vol. ii. n. which he had deposited for safety in the strong
94, 95. )
[P. S. ) fortress of Pergamus. He continued faithful to
PHILE'MON, a physiognomist mentioned by his trust till towards the end of the reign of Lysi-
Abu-l-Faraj (Hist. Dynast. p. 56), as having said machus, when the intrigues of Arsinoë, and the
that the portrait of Hippocrates (which was shown death of the young prince Agathocles, to whom he
him in order to test his skill) was that of a lasci- had been closely attached, excited apprehensions in
vious old man ; the probable origin of which story the mind of Philetaerus for his own safety, and led
is explained under Hippocrates, p. 484. He is him to declare in favour of Seleucus. But though
also said by the same author to have written a he hastened to proffer submission to that monarch
work on Physiognomy which was extant in his he still retained in his own hands the fortress of
time in a Syriac translation (see Wenrich, De Pergamus, with the treasures that it contained,
## p. 266 (#282) ############################################
266
PHILETAERUS.
PHILETAS.
and, after the death of Selencus (C. 280), took | titles, namely: 'A8wvidcourai, which is the title
advantage of the disorders in Asia to establish of a play by Philippides ; 'Ayrullos and Oiva
himself in virtual independence. By redeeming viwy, which are also ascribed to Nicostratus ; and
from Ptolemy Ceraunus the body of Seleucus, which Méneaypos, which is perhaps the same as the
he caused to be interred with due honours, he | 'ATAAÁVTT. The fragments of Philetaerus show
earned the favour of his son, Antiochus I. , and by that many of his plays referred to courtezang.
a prudent, but temporizing course of policy, con- (Meineke, Frag. Com. Graec. vol. i. pp. 349, 350,
trived to maintain his position unshaken for nearly vol. iii. pp. 292—300. )
(P. S. )
twenty years ; and at his death to transmit the PHILETAS (Puntas). 1. Of Cos, the son
government of Pergamus, as an independent state, of Telephus, was a distinguished poet and gram-
to his nephew Eumenes. He lived to the advanced marian (Tointi's dua kal KPIT LKÓS, Strab. xiv. p.
age of eighty, and died apparently in B. c. 263 657), who flourished during the earlier years of
(Lucian, Macrob. 12 ; Clinton, F. H. vol. ii. p. the Alexandrian school, at the period when the
401). His two brothers, Eumenes and Attalus, earnest study of the classical literature of Greece
had both died before him ; but their respective sons was combined, in many scholars, with considerable
successively followed him in the sovereign power power of original composition. According to Sui-
(Strab. xiii. p. 623 ; Paus. i. 8. § 1, 10. § 4; Van das, he flourished under Philip and Alexander ;
Cappelle, de Regibus Pergamenis, pp. 1–7). but this statement is loose and inaccurate. His
Numerous coins are extant bearing the name of youth may have fallen in the times of those kings,
Philetaerus (of which one is given below), but it is but the chief period of his literary activity was
generally considered by numismatic writers, that during the reign of the first Prolemy, the son of
these, or at least many of them, were struck by the Lagus, who appointed him as the tutor of his son,
later_ kings of Pergamus, and that the name and Ptolemy II. Philadelphus. Clinton calculates that
portrait of Philetaerus were continued in honour his death may be placed about B. c. 290 (Fast.
of their founder. Other authors, however, regard Hell, vol. iii. app. 12, No. 16); but he may pos-
the slight differences observable in the portraits sibly have lived some years longer, as he is said to
which they bear, as indicating that they belong to have been contemporary with Aratus, whom Eu-
the successive princes of the dynasty, whom they sebius places at B. c. 272. It is, however, certain
suppose to have all borne the surname or title of that he was contemporary with Hermesianax, who
Philetaerus. But it may be doubted whether this was his intimate friend, and with Alexander Aeto-
view can be maintained. (Eckhel, vol. ii. p. 473 ; lus. He was the instructor, if not formally, at
Visconti, Iconogr. Grecque, vol. ii. p. 200—210 ; least by his example and influence, of Theocritus
Van Cappelle, pp. 141-146. )
and Zenodotus of Ephesus. Theocritus expressly
mentions him as the model which he strove to
imitate. (Id. vii. 39 ; see the Scholia ad loc. )
Philetas seems to have been naturally of a very
weak constitution, which at last broke down under
excessive study. He was so remarkably thin as to
become an object for the ridicule of the comic poets,
who represented him as wearing leaden soles to
his shoes, to prevent his being blown away by a
strong wind ; a joke which Aelian takes literally,
sagely questioning, however, if he was too weak to
COIN OF PHILETAERUS.
stand against the wind, how could he be strong
enough to carry his leaden shoes ? (Plut. An Seni
2. A son of Attalus I. , and brother of Eumenes sit ger. Respub. 15, p. 791, e. ; Ath. xii. p. 552, b. ;
II. , king of Pergamus. In B. c. 171, he was left Aelian, V. H. ix. 14, 1. 6). The cause of his
by Eumenes in charge of the affairs of Pergamus, death is referred to in the following epigram (ap.
while the king and Attalus repaired to Greece to Ath. ix. p. 401, e. ) :-
assist the Romans in the war against Perseus.
Ξεϊνε, Φιλητάς ειμί • λόγων ο ψευδόμενός με
With this exception he plays no part in history: ώλεσε και νυκτών Φροντίδες έσπέριοι,
(Liv. xlii. 55 ; Strab. xiii. p. 625 ; Polyb. xl. 1. )
3. A brother of Dorylaus, the general of Mithri- We learn from Hermesianax (ap. Ath. xiii. p. 598,
dates, and ancestor of the geographer Strabo. f. ) that a bronze statue was erected to the memory
(Strab. x. p. 478, xiii. p. 557. ) (E. H. B. ] of Philetas by the inhabitants of his native island,
PHILETAERUS (Puétaipos), an Athenian his attachment to which during his life-time he
comic poet of the Middle Comedy, is said by Athe. had expressed in his poems. (Schol, ad Theoc. I. c. )
naeus to have been contemporary with Hyperides The poetry of Philetas was chiefly elegiac (Suid.
and Diopeithes, the latter perhaps the same person έγραψεν επιγράμματα και ελεγείας και άλλα).
as the father of the poet Menander (Ath. vii
. p. Of all the writers in that department he was es-
342, a. , xiii. p. 587). According to Dicaearchus teemed the best after Callimachus ; to whom a taste
Philetaerus was the third son of Aristophanes, but less pedantic than that of the Alexandrian critics
others maintained that it was Nicostratus (see the would probably have preferred him ; for, to judge
Greek lives of Aristophanes, and Suid. s. vv. 'Aplo. by his fragments, he escaped the snare of cumbrous
Topávns, ÞINÉTaipos). He wrote twenty-one plays, learned affectation (Quintil. 1. 1. § 58 ; Procl.
according to Suidas, from whom and from Athenaeus Chrest. 6. p. 379, Gaisf. ). These two poets formed
the following titles are obtained :-- 'AonAnatós, the chief models for the Roman elegy: nay, Pro.
'Αταλάντη, Αχιλλεύς, Κέφαλος, Κορινθιαστής, pertius expressly states, in one passage, that he
Κυνηγίς, Λαμπαδηφόροι, Τηρεύς, Φίλαυλος ; to imitated Philetas in preference to Callimachus
which must be added the Mņves, quoted in a MS. (Propert. ii. 34. 31, iii. 1. 1, 3. 51, 9. 43, iv. 6. 2;
grammatical work. There are also a few doubtful Ovid, Art. Amat. ii. 329, Remed. Amor. 759;
0000
1
ΦΙΛΕΤΑΙΡey
00000
## p. 267 (#283) ############################################
PHILETAS.
267
PHILEUMENOS.
a
Stat. Silo. i. 2. 252 ; Hertzberg, de Imitatione Besides his poems, Philetas wrote in prose on
Poetarum Alerandrinorum, in bis Propertius, vol. grammar and criticism. He was one of the conmen.
i. pp. 186—210). The elegies of Philetas were tators on Homer, whom he seems to have dealt with
chiefly amatory, and a large portion of them was very freely, both critically and exegetically ; and in
devoted to the praises of his mistress Bictis, or, as this course he was followed by his pupil Ženodotus.
the Latin poets give the name, Battis (Herme Aristarchus wrote a work in opposition to Philetas
sianax, l. c. ; Ovid, Trist. i. 6. 1, ex Ponto, iii
. 1. (Schol. Venel. ad Il. ii. 111). "But his most im-
57 ; Hertzberg, Quaest. Propert. p. 207 ; the form portant grammatical work was that which Athe-
BITT“ also occurs, Corp. Inscrip. Nos. 2236, 2661, naeus repeatedly quotes under the title of "Atanta,
b. , or in Latin Batto, according to Lachmann's in- and which is also cited by the titles &TAKTOI Não-
genious emendation of Propertius, ii. 34, 31, Tu ai (Schol. ad Apol. Rhod. iv. 989), and simply
Battus memorem, &c. ). It seems very probable aworai (Etym. Mag. p. 330. 39). The import-
that he wrote a collection of poems specially in ance attached to this work, even at the time of its
praise of Bittis, and that this was the collection production, is shown by the fact that the comic
which was known and is quoted by Stobaeus under poet Straton makes one of his persons refer to it
the name of Talyvia (Jacobs, Animadv. ad Anth. (Ath. ix. p. 383; Meineke, Frug. Com. Graec.
Graec. vol. i. pars i. pp. 388, fol. ; Bach, Frag. vol. iv. p. 546), and by the allusions which are
Philet. p. 39 ; Hertzberg, Quaest. Propert. p. 208). made to it by Hermesianax (1. c. ), and by Crates
It is natural to suppose that the epigrams of Phile- of Mallus, in his epigram on Euphorion (Brunck,
tas, which are mentioned by Suidas, and once or Anal, vol. ii. p. 3, Anth. Pal. ix. 318). Nothing
twice quoted by Stobaeus, were the same collection is left of it, except a few scattered explanations of
as the Talyvia ; but there is nothing to determine words, from which, however, it may be inferred
the question positively. There are also two other that Philetas made great use of the light thrown
poems of Philetas quoted by Stobaeus, the subjects on the meanings of words by their dialectic varieties.
of which were evidently mythological, as we see It is very possible that all the grammatical writings
from their titles, Anuntop and 'Epuñs. As to the of Philetas, including his notes on Homer, were
former, it is clear from the three fragments quoted comprised in this one collection.
by Stobaeus (Flor. civ. 11, cxxiv, 26), that it was The fragments of Philetas have been collected by
in elegiac metre, and that its subject was the lamen-C. P. Kayser, Philetae Coi Fragmenta, quae repe-
tation of Demeter for the loss of her daughter. In riuntur, Gotting. 1793, 8vo. ; by Bach, Philetae
the case of the 'Epuñs there is a difficulty respecting coi, Hermesianactis Colophonii, atque Phanoclis Re-
the exact form of the title, and also respecting the liquiae, Halis Sax. 1829, 8vo. ; and in the editions
metre in which it was written. Stobaeus three times of the Greek Anthology (Brunck, Anal. vol. i. p.
quotes from the poem, in one place three lines (Flor. 189, ii. p. 523, iii. p. 234 ; Jacobs, Anth. Graec.
civ. 12), in another three (Eclog. Phys. v. 4), and in vol. i. pp. 121–123). The most important frag-
another two (Flor. cxviii. 3), all in hexameters ; ments are also contained in Schneidewin's Delectus
while, on the other hand, Strabo (iii. p. 168) quotes Poesis Graecorum, vol. i. pp. 142–147. (Reiske,
an elegiac distich from Philetas, év ‘Epuevela, which Notitia Epigrammatorum, p. 266; Schneider, Anal.
most critics have very naturally supposed to be a Crit. p. 5; Heinrich, Observ. in Auct. Vet. pp. 50-
corruption of ev ‘Epuſi
, or, as some conjecture, ev 58 ; Jacobs, Animadv. in Anth. Graec. vol. i.
Bibl. Graec. vol. vi. p. 169).
two appointed to proceed on ship-board with the
6. The instructor of the younger Maximin. older men, the women and children, and the sick.
(Capitolin. Maxim. Jun. 1. )
At Cotyora, Philesius was one of those who at-
7. The author of a NetiKDV TexVodoyikóv, the tacked Xenophon for having, as was presumed,
extant portion of which was first edited, from a endeavoured secretly to bring over the soldiers to
MS. preserved in the Royal Library at Paris, by his project of founding a Greek colony on the
C. Burney (Lond. 1812), and afterwards by F. Euxine, without making any public announce-
Osann (Berlin, 1821). The author informs us in ment of it. At the same place, in a court held to
his preface, that his work was intended to take take cognizance of the conduct of the generals,
the place of a similar Lexicon by the Grammarian Philesius was fined 20 minae (somewhat more
Hyperechius, for such is the true reading, and not than 802. ) for a deficiency in the cargoes of the
Hypereschius, as it stands in the text of Philemon ships in which the army had come from Trapezus,
(Suid. s. vv. 'Trepéxlos, Aéw ; Tzetz. Chil. x. 305). and of which he was one of the commissioners.
The work of Hyperechius was entitled to At Byzantium, when Xencphon had calmed the
'Αλεξανδρέως Υπερεχίου ονομάτων τεχνολογία κα- tumult among the Cyreans consequent on their
VOVAK S ouvredeira, and was arranged in eight discovery of the treachery of Anaxibius, Philesius
books, according to the eight different parts of was one of the deputation which was sent to the
speech (HYPERECHIUS). Philemon's lexicon was latter with a conciliatory message. (Xen. Anab.
a meagre epitome of this work, the best parts of iii. 1. $ 47, v. 3. § 1, 6. & 27, 8. g 1, vii. 1. $$
which he seems to have omitted : it is, however, 32, 34. )
[E. E. ]
not without its value in the department of literary PHILETAERUS (BLAétalpos). 1. Founder of
history. It is often quoted in the Etymologicum the kingdom of Pergamus, was a native of the
Magnum. The part of it which is extant consists small town of Tieium in Paphlagonia, and was an
of the first book, and the beginning of the second, eunuch in consequence of an accident suffered when
Teplovoudrw. Hyperechius lived about the middle a child (Strab. xii. p. 543, xiii. p. 623). Accord-
of the fifth century of our era, and Philemon may ing to Carystius (ap. Athen, xiii. p. 577, b. ) he
probably be placed in the seventh. All the in- was the son of a courtezan, though writers who
formation we have respecting him is collected by flourished under the kings of Pergamus did not
Osann, who also supplies important notices of the scruple to trace back their descent to Hercules.
other writers of this name. (See also Classical He is first mentioned in the service of Docimus,
Journal, No. xii. pp. 37–42; Museum Criticum, the general of Antigonus, from which he passed
vol. i. pp. 197—200 ; Schneider, Ueber Philemon, into that of Lysimachus, and soon rose to so high
in the Philol. Biblioth. vol. ii. p. 520). [P. S. ] a degree of favour with that monarch as to be en-
PHILEMON, an engraver on precious stones, trusted by him with the charge of the treasures
two of whose gems are extant. (Bracci, vol. ii. n. which he had deposited for safety in the strong
94, 95. )
[P. S. ) fortress of Pergamus. He continued faithful to
PHILE'MON, a physiognomist mentioned by his trust till towards the end of the reign of Lysi-
Abu-l-Faraj (Hist. Dynast. p. 56), as having said machus, when the intrigues of Arsinoë, and the
that the portrait of Hippocrates (which was shown death of the young prince Agathocles, to whom he
him in order to test his skill) was that of a lasci- had been closely attached, excited apprehensions in
vious old man ; the probable origin of which story the mind of Philetaerus for his own safety, and led
is explained under Hippocrates, p. 484. He is him to declare in favour of Seleucus. But though
also said by the same author to have written a he hastened to proffer submission to that monarch
work on Physiognomy which was extant in his he still retained in his own hands the fortress of
time in a Syriac translation (see Wenrich, De Pergamus, with the treasures that it contained,
## p. 266 (#282) ############################################
266
PHILETAERUS.
PHILETAS.
and, after the death of Selencus (C. 280), took | titles, namely: 'A8wvidcourai, which is the title
advantage of the disorders in Asia to establish of a play by Philippides ; 'Ayrullos and Oiva
himself in virtual independence. By redeeming viwy, which are also ascribed to Nicostratus ; and
from Ptolemy Ceraunus the body of Seleucus, which Méneaypos, which is perhaps the same as the
he caused to be interred with due honours, he | 'ATAAÁVTT. The fragments of Philetaerus show
earned the favour of his son, Antiochus I. , and by that many of his plays referred to courtezang.
a prudent, but temporizing course of policy, con- (Meineke, Frag. Com. Graec. vol. i. pp. 349, 350,
trived to maintain his position unshaken for nearly vol. iii. pp. 292—300. )
(P. S. )
twenty years ; and at his death to transmit the PHILETAS (Puntas). 1. Of Cos, the son
government of Pergamus, as an independent state, of Telephus, was a distinguished poet and gram-
to his nephew Eumenes. He lived to the advanced marian (Tointi's dua kal KPIT LKÓS, Strab. xiv. p.
age of eighty, and died apparently in B. c. 263 657), who flourished during the earlier years of
(Lucian, Macrob. 12 ; Clinton, F. H. vol. ii. p. the Alexandrian school, at the period when the
401). His two brothers, Eumenes and Attalus, earnest study of the classical literature of Greece
had both died before him ; but their respective sons was combined, in many scholars, with considerable
successively followed him in the sovereign power power of original composition. According to Sui-
(Strab. xiii. p. 623 ; Paus. i. 8. § 1, 10. § 4; Van das, he flourished under Philip and Alexander ;
Cappelle, de Regibus Pergamenis, pp. 1–7). but this statement is loose and inaccurate. His
Numerous coins are extant bearing the name of youth may have fallen in the times of those kings,
Philetaerus (of which one is given below), but it is but the chief period of his literary activity was
generally considered by numismatic writers, that during the reign of the first Prolemy, the son of
these, or at least many of them, were struck by the Lagus, who appointed him as the tutor of his son,
later_ kings of Pergamus, and that the name and Ptolemy II. Philadelphus. Clinton calculates that
portrait of Philetaerus were continued in honour his death may be placed about B. c. 290 (Fast.
of their founder. Other authors, however, regard Hell, vol. iii. app. 12, No. 16); but he may pos-
the slight differences observable in the portraits sibly have lived some years longer, as he is said to
which they bear, as indicating that they belong to have been contemporary with Aratus, whom Eu-
the successive princes of the dynasty, whom they sebius places at B. c. 272. It is, however, certain
suppose to have all borne the surname or title of that he was contemporary with Hermesianax, who
Philetaerus. But it may be doubted whether this was his intimate friend, and with Alexander Aeto-
view can be maintained. (Eckhel, vol. ii. p. 473 ; lus. He was the instructor, if not formally, at
Visconti, Iconogr. Grecque, vol. ii. p. 200—210 ; least by his example and influence, of Theocritus
Van Cappelle, pp. 141-146. )
and Zenodotus of Ephesus. Theocritus expressly
mentions him as the model which he strove to
imitate. (Id. vii. 39 ; see the Scholia ad loc. )
Philetas seems to have been naturally of a very
weak constitution, which at last broke down under
excessive study. He was so remarkably thin as to
become an object for the ridicule of the comic poets,
who represented him as wearing leaden soles to
his shoes, to prevent his being blown away by a
strong wind ; a joke which Aelian takes literally,
sagely questioning, however, if he was too weak to
COIN OF PHILETAERUS.
stand against the wind, how could he be strong
enough to carry his leaden shoes ? (Plut. An Seni
2. A son of Attalus I. , and brother of Eumenes sit ger. Respub. 15, p. 791, e. ; Ath. xii. p. 552, b. ;
II. , king of Pergamus. In B. c. 171, he was left Aelian, V. H. ix. 14, 1. 6). The cause of his
by Eumenes in charge of the affairs of Pergamus, death is referred to in the following epigram (ap.
while the king and Attalus repaired to Greece to Ath. ix. p. 401, e. ) :-
assist the Romans in the war against Perseus.
Ξεϊνε, Φιλητάς ειμί • λόγων ο ψευδόμενός με
With this exception he plays no part in history: ώλεσε και νυκτών Φροντίδες έσπέριοι,
(Liv. xlii. 55 ; Strab. xiii. p. 625 ; Polyb. xl. 1. )
3. A brother of Dorylaus, the general of Mithri- We learn from Hermesianax (ap. Ath. xiii. p. 598,
dates, and ancestor of the geographer Strabo. f. ) that a bronze statue was erected to the memory
(Strab. x. p. 478, xiii. p. 557. ) (E. H. B. ] of Philetas by the inhabitants of his native island,
PHILETAERUS (Puétaipos), an Athenian his attachment to which during his life-time he
comic poet of the Middle Comedy, is said by Athe. had expressed in his poems. (Schol, ad Theoc. I. c. )
naeus to have been contemporary with Hyperides The poetry of Philetas was chiefly elegiac (Suid.
and Diopeithes, the latter perhaps the same person έγραψεν επιγράμματα και ελεγείας και άλλα).
as the father of the poet Menander (Ath. vii
. p. Of all the writers in that department he was es-
342, a. , xiii. p. 587). According to Dicaearchus teemed the best after Callimachus ; to whom a taste
Philetaerus was the third son of Aristophanes, but less pedantic than that of the Alexandrian critics
others maintained that it was Nicostratus (see the would probably have preferred him ; for, to judge
Greek lives of Aristophanes, and Suid. s. vv. 'Aplo. by his fragments, he escaped the snare of cumbrous
Topávns, ÞINÉTaipos). He wrote twenty-one plays, learned affectation (Quintil. 1. 1. § 58 ; Procl.
according to Suidas, from whom and from Athenaeus Chrest. 6. p. 379, Gaisf. ). These two poets formed
the following titles are obtained :-- 'AonAnatós, the chief models for the Roman elegy: nay, Pro.
'Αταλάντη, Αχιλλεύς, Κέφαλος, Κορινθιαστής, pertius expressly states, in one passage, that he
Κυνηγίς, Λαμπαδηφόροι, Τηρεύς, Φίλαυλος ; to imitated Philetas in preference to Callimachus
which must be added the Mņves, quoted in a MS. (Propert. ii. 34. 31, iii. 1. 1, 3. 51, 9. 43, iv. 6. 2;
grammatical work. There are also a few doubtful Ovid, Art. Amat. ii. 329, Remed. Amor. 759;
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1
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PHILETAS.
267
PHILEUMENOS.
a
Stat. Silo. i. 2. 252 ; Hertzberg, de Imitatione Besides his poems, Philetas wrote in prose on
Poetarum Alerandrinorum, in bis Propertius, vol. grammar and criticism. He was one of the conmen.
i. pp. 186—210). The elegies of Philetas were tators on Homer, whom he seems to have dealt with
chiefly amatory, and a large portion of them was very freely, both critically and exegetically ; and in
devoted to the praises of his mistress Bictis, or, as this course he was followed by his pupil Ženodotus.
the Latin poets give the name, Battis (Herme Aristarchus wrote a work in opposition to Philetas
sianax, l. c. ; Ovid, Trist. i. 6. 1, ex Ponto, iii
. 1. (Schol. Venel. ad Il. ii. 111). "But his most im-
57 ; Hertzberg, Quaest. Propert. p. 207 ; the form portant grammatical work was that which Athe-
BITT“ also occurs, Corp. Inscrip. Nos. 2236, 2661, naeus repeatedly quotes under the title of "Atanta,
b. , or in Latin Batto, according to Lachmann's in- and which is also cited by the titles &TAKTOI Não-
genious emendation of Propertius, ii. 34, 31, Tu ai (Schol. ad Apol. Rhod. iv. 989), and simply
Battus memorem, &c. ). It seems very probable aworai (Etym. Mag. p. 330. 39). The import-
that he wrote a collection of poems specially in ance attached to this work, even at the time of its
praise of Bittis, and that this was the collection production, is shown by the fact that the comic
which was known and is quoted by Stobaeus under poet Straton makes one of his persons refer to it
the name of Talyvia (Jacobs, Animadv. ad Anth. (Ath. ix. p. 383; Meineke, Frug. Com. Graec.
Graec. vol. i. pars i. pp. 388, fol. ; Bach, Frag. vol. iv. p. 546), and by the allusions which are
Philet. p. 39 ; Hertzberg, Quaest. Propert. p. 208). made to it by Hermesianax (1. c. ), and by Crates
It is natural to suppose that the epigrams of Phile- of Mallus, in his epigram on Euphorion (Brunck,
tas, which are mentioned by Suidas, and once or Anal, vol. ii. p. 3, Anth. Pal. ix. 318). Nothing
twice quoted by Stobaeus, were the same collection is left of it, except a few scattered explanations of
as the Talyvia ; but there is nothing to determine words, from which, however, it may be inferred
the question positively. There are also two other that Philetas made great use of the light thrown
poems of Philetas quoted by Stobaeus, the subjects on the meanings of words by their dialectic varieties.
of which were evidently mythological, as we see It is very possible that all the grammatical writings
from their titles, Anuntop and 'Epuñs. As to the of Philetas, including his notes on Homer, were
former, it is clear from the three fragments quoted comprised in this one collection.
by Stobaeus (Flor. civ. 11, cxxiv, 26), that it was The fragments of Philetas have been collected by
in elegiac metre, and that its subject was the lamen-C. P. Kayser, Philetae Coi Fragmenta, quae repe-
tation of Demeter for the loss of her daughter. In riuntur, Gotting. 1793, 8vo. ; by Bach, Philetae
the case of the 'Epuñs there is a difficulty respecting coi, Hermesianactis Colophonii, atque Phanoclis Re-
the exact form of the title, and also respecting the liquiae, Halis Sax. 1829, 8vo. ; and in the editions
metre in which it was written. Stobaeus three times of the Greek Anthology (Brunck, Anal. vol. i. p.
quotes from the poem, in one place three lines (Flor. 189, ii. p. 523, iii. p. 234 ; Jacobs, Anth. Graec.
civ. 12), in another three (Eclog. Phys. v. 4), and in vol. i. pp. 121–123). The most important frag-
another two (Flor. cxviii. 3), all in hexameters ; ments are also contained in Schneidewin's Delectus
while, on the other hand, Strabo (iii. p. 168) quotes Poesis Graecorum, vol. i. pp. 142–147. (Reiske,
an elegiac distich from Philetas, év ‘Epuevela, which Notitia Epigrammatorum, p. 266; Schneider, Anal.
most critics have very naturally supposed to be a Crit. p. 5; Heinrich, Observ. in Auct. Vet. pp. 50-
corruption of ev ‘Epuſi
, or, as some conjecture, ev 58 ; Jacobs, Animadv. in Anth. Graec. vol. i.
