Britannic Majesty holds his
Conferences
of Hanau, 299.
Thomas Carlyle
ft?
*?
^JL*
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? G** M-275,85". 4 (i)
^arbarli College Htbrarp
FROM
EBtate. '. of.
Elizabeth Q Norton
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? ? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:28 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hwiijj Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? ? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:28 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hwiijj Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? COLLECTION
OF
BRITISH AUTHORS.
VOL. 602.
FREDERICK THE GREAT BY THOMAS CARLYLE.
VOL. VII.
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:28 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hwiijj Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? ? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:28 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hwiijj Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? HISTORY
OF
FRIEDRICH II. OF PRUSSIA-
CALLED
FREDERICK THE GREAT.
BY
THOMAS CARLYLE.
COPYRIGHT EDITION.
VOL. VII.
LEIPZIG
BERNHAED TAUCHNITZ
1862.
The Right of Translation is reserved.
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:28 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hwiijj Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? Gei-i+TrS^S-M (7)
'u- -J
HARVARD A
lUNIVERSITY
LIBRARY
FEB 23 1959
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:28 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hwiijj Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? CONTENTS
OF VOLUME VII.
BOOK XIII.
FIRST SILESIAN WAR, LEAVING THE GENERAL EUROPEAN ONE
ABLAZE ALL ROUND, GETS ENDED. 1741-1742.
CHAPTER PAGE
I. Britannic Majesty asPaladin of the Pragmatic 3
Cunctations, yet incessant and ubiquitous Endeavour-
ings, of his Britannic Majesty (1741-1743), p. 4.
II. Camp of Strehlen 13
Excellency Hyndford has his First Audience (Camp of
Mollwitz, May 7th); and Friedrich makes a most im-
portant Treaty, -- not with Hyndford, p. 19.
Excellency Robinson busy in the ViennaHofrath Circles,
to produce a Compliance, 32.
Excellency Robinson has Audienco of Friedrich (Camp
of Strehlen, 7th August 1741), 41.
III. Grand Review at Strehlen: Neipperg takes
Aim at Bbeslau, but another hits it . 51
IV. Friedrich takes the Field again, intent on
having Neisse 58
V. Klein-Schnellendorf: Friedrich gets Neisse,
in a Fashion 75
"Moriamur pro Regenostra Maria Theresid," in thePoetic,
and then also in the Prose Forms, p. 77.
Excellency Hyndford brings about a Meeting at Klein-
Schnellendorf (ath October 1741), 82.
Friedrich takes Neisse by Sham Siege (Capture not
Sham); gets homaged in Breslau;,and returns to
Berlin, 89.
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? VI CONTENTS OF VOLUME VII.
CHAPTER PAGE
VI. New Mayor of Landshut makes an Installation
Speech 97
VII. Fbiedrich purposes to mend the Klein-Schnel-
lendorf Failure: Fortunes of the Belle-
isle Armament 104
Broglio has a Bivouac of Pisek; Khevenhiiller looks in
upon the Donau Conquests, p. 116.
VIII. Friedrich starts for Moravia , on a new Scheme
he has 120
'IX. WlLHELMINA GOES TO SEE THE GAIETIES AT FrANK-
FURT 130
"Wilhelinina at the Coronation, p. 136.
The Duchess Dowager of 'Wurtemberg, returning from
Berlin, favours us with another Visit, 142.
X. Friedrich does his Moravian Expedition, which
proves a mere Moravian Foray . . . 147
Iglau is got, but not the Magazine at Iglau, p. 149.
The Saxons think Iglau enough; the French go home, 151.
Friedrich submerges theMoravjan Countries; but cannot
Brtinn, which is the indispensable point, 153.
The Saxons have no Cannon for Briinn, cannot afford any;
there is a high Resolution taken at Vienna (February
25th): Friedrich quits the Moravian Enterprise, 154.
XI. Nussler in Neisse, with the Old Dessauer and
Walrave 165
How Nussler happened to be in Neisse, May 1742, p. 166.
XII. Prince Karl does come on 170
XIII. Battle of Chotusitz 177
XIV. Peace of Breslau 192
BOOK XIV.
THE SURROUNDING EUROPEAN WAR DOES NOT END. 1742-1744.
I. Friedrich resumes his Peaceable Pursuits . 203
Settles the Silesian Boundaries, the Silesian Arrange-
ments; with manifest profit to Silesia and himself,
p. 208.
Opening of the Opera-House at Berlin, 212.
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? CONTENTS OF VOLUME VII. VII
CHAPTER PAGE
Friedrich takes the Waters at Aachen, where Voltaire
comes to see him, 213.
II. Austrian Affairs are ok the Mounting Hand 218
War-Phenomena in the Western Parts: King George
tries, a Second Time, to draw his Sword; tugs at it
violently, for Seven Months (February--October 1742),
p. 219.
How Due d'Harcourt, advancing to reinforce the Ori-
flamme, had to split himself in two; and become an
"Army of Bavaria," 223.
How Belleisle, returning from Dresden without Coopera-
tion, found the Attack had been done, -- in a fatally
reverse way. Prag expecting Siege. Colloquy with
Broglio on that interesting point. Prag besieged, 227.
Concerning the Italian War which simultaneously went
on, all along, 230.
Scene,Roads ofCadiz, October 1741: By what astonishing
Artifice this Italian War did, at length, get begun, 233.
Other Scene, Bay of Naples, I9th-20th August 1742: King
of Two Sicilies (Baby Carlos that was), having been
assisting Mamma, is obliged to become Neutral in tho
Italian War, 234.
The Siege of Prag continues. A grand Sally there, 235.
Maillebois marches with an "Army of Redemption'' or
"of Mathurins" (wittily so called), to relieve Prag;
reaches the Bohemian Frontier, joined by the Comte
de Saxe; above 50,000 strong (August 9th--September
19th), 238.
Prince Karl and the Grand-Duke, hearing of Maillebois,
go to meet him (September 14th); and the Siege of
Prag is raised, 242.
The Maillebois Army of Redemption cannot redeem at
all; -- has to stagger Southward again; and becomes
an "Army of Bavaria," under Broglio, 243.
Voltaire has been on Visit at Aachen, in the interim, --
his Third Visit to King Friedrich, 246.
Three Letters of Voltaire, dated Brussels, 10th Sept.
1742, 249.
III. Carnival Phenomena in War-time . . . . 253
Retreat from Prag: Army of tho Oriflamme, Bohemian
Section of it, makes exit, p. 254.
A Glance at Vienna, and then at Berlin, 25S.
Voltaire, at Paris, is made immortal by a Kiss, 262.
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? VIII CONTENTS OF VOLUME VII.
CHAPTER PAGE
IV. Austrian Affairs mount to a Dangerous Height 266
Britannic Majesty, with Sword actually drawn, has
marched meanwhile to the Frankfurt Countries, as
"Pragmatic Army;" ready for Battle and Treaty
alike, p. 273.
Friedrich has Objections to the Pragmatic Army; but in
vain. Of Friedrich many Endeavours to quench this
War, by "Union of Independent German Princes," by
"Mediation of the Reich,'' and otherwise; all in vain,
278.
V. Britannic Majesty Fights his Battle of Det-
TINGEN; AND BECOMES SUPREME JOVE OF GER-
MANY , in a Manner 283
Battle of Dettingen, p. 283.
Britannic Majesty holds his Conferences of Hanau, 299.
Hungarian Majesty answers, in the Diet, that French
Declaration, "Make Peace, good People; 1 wish to
be out of it! " -- in an ominous Manner, 306.
Britannic Majesty goes home, 312.
VI. Voltaire visits Friedrich for the Fourth Time 317
Friedrich visits Baireuth; on a particular Errand; --
Voltaire attending, and privately reporting, p. 327.
VII. Friedrich makes Treaty with France; and
SILENTLY GETS READY 337
VIII. Perfect Peace at Berlin, War all bound . 348
The Succession in Russia, and also in Sweden, shall not
be Hostile to us: Two Royal Marriages, a Russian
and a Swedish, are accomplished at Berlin, with such
View, p. 350.
Glance at the Belligerent Powers; Britannic Majesty
narrowly misses an Invasion that might have been
dangerous, 358.
The young Duke of'VVurtemberg gets a valedictory Ad-
vice; and Pollnitz a ditto Testimonial (February 6th;
April 1st, 1744), 365.
Two Conquests for Prussia, a gaseous and a solid: Con-
quest First, Barberina the Dancer, 369.
Conquest Second is Ost-Friesland, of a solid Nature, 373.
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? BOOK XIII.
FIEST SILESIAN WAE, LEAVING THE GENEEAL
EUEOPEAN ONE ABLAZE ALL BOUND,
GETS ENDED.
May 1741--July 1742.
farlyle, Frederick the Great. Vll.
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? ? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:28 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hwiijj Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? May 1741.
CHAPTER I.
BRITANNIC MAJESTY AS PALADIN OF THE PRAGMATIC.
Part First of his Britannic Majesty's Sorrows, the
Britannic or Domestic Part, is now perhaps conceivable
to readers. But as to the Second, the Germanic or
Pragmatic Part, -- articulate History, after much con-
sideration, is content to renounce attempting these;
feels that these will remain forever inconceivable to
mankind in the now altered times. So small a gentle-
man; and he feels, dismally though with heroism, that
he has got the axis of the world on his shoulder. Poor
Majesty! His eyes, proud as Jove's, are nothing like
so perspicacious; a pair of the poorest eyes: and he
has to scan with them, and unriddle under pain of
death, such a waste of insoluble intricacies, troubles
and world-perils as seldom was, -- even in Dreams. In
fact, it is of the nature of a long Nightmare Dream,
all this of the Pragmatic, to his poor Majesty and Na-
tion; and wakeful History must not spend herself upon
it, beyond the essential.
May 12th, betimes this Year, his Majesty got across
to Hanover, Harrington with him; anxious to contem-
plate near at hand that Camp of the Old Dessauer's at
Gottin, and the other fearful phenomena, French, Prus-
sian and other, in that Country. His Majesty, as na-
tural, was much in Germany in those Years; scanning
the phenomena; a long while not knowing what in the
world to make of them. Bully Belleisle having stept
1*
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? 4 FIRST SILESIAN WAR ENDS. [BOOK XIII.
May 1741.
into the ring, it is evident, clear as the sun, that one
must act, and act at once; but it is a perfect sphinx-
enigma to say How. Seldom was Sovereign or man
so spurred, and goaded on, by the highest considera-
tions; and then so held down, and chained to his place,
by an imbroglio of considerations and sphinx-riddles!
Thrice over, at different dates (which shall be given),
the first of them this Year, he starts up as in spasm,
determined to draw sword, and plunge in; twice he is
crushed down again, with sword half drawn; and only
the third time (in 1743) does he get sword out, and
brandish it in a surprising though useless manner. Af-
ter which he feels better. But up to that crisis, his
case is really tragical, -- had idle readers any bowels
for him; which they have not! One or two Fractions,
snatched from the circumambient Paper Vortex, must
suffice us for the indispensable in this place:
Cunctations, yet incessant and ubiquitous Endeavourings, of his
Britannic Majesty (1741-1743).
* * After the wonderful Russian Partition-Treaty,
which his English Walpoles would not hear of, -- and which
has produced the Camp of Gottin, see, your Majesty! --
George does nothing rashly. Far from it: indeed, except it
be paying money, he becomes again a miracle of cunctations;
and staggers about for years to come, like the -- Shall we say,
like the White Hanover Horse amid half-a-dozen sieves of
beans? Alas no, like the Hanover Horse with the shadows of
half-a-dozen Damocles'-swords dangling into the eyes of it;
-- enough to drive any Horse to its wit's end! --
"To do, to dare," thinks the Britannic Majesty; -- yes,
and of daring there is a plenty: but, "In which direction?
What, How? these are questions for a fussy little gentleman
called to take the world on his shoulders. We suppose it was
by Walpole's advice that he gave her Hungarian Majesty that
200,000/. of Secret-Service Money; -- advice sufficiently Wal-
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? CHAP. I. ] GEORGE II. PALADIN OF THE PRAGMATIC. 5
May 1741.
polean: "Russian Partition-Treaties; horrible to think of;
-- beware of these again! Give her Majesty that cash; can
be done; it will keep matters afloat, and spoil nothing! "
That, till the late Subsidy payable within year and day
hence, was all of tangible his Majesty had yet done; -- truly
that is all her Hungarian Majesty has yet got by hawking the
world, Pragmatic Sanction in hand. And if that were the bit
of generosity which enabled Neipperg to climb the Mountains
and be beaten at Mollwitz, that has helped little! Very big
generosities, to a frightful cipher of Millions Sterling through
the coming years, will go the same road; and amount also to
zero, even for the receiving party, not to speak of the giving!
For men and kings are wise creatures.
But wise or unwise, how great are his Britannic Majesty's
activities in this Pragmatic Business! We may say, they are
prodigious, incessant, ubiquitous. They are forgotten now,
fallen wholly to the spiders and the dustbins; -- though Frie-
drich himself was not a busier King in those days, if perhaps
a better directed. It is a thing wonderful to us, but sorrowful
and undeniable. We perceive the Britannic Majesty's own
little mind pulsing with this Pragmatic Matter, as the biggest,
volcano would do; -- shooting forth dust and smoke, (sub-
sidies, diplomatic emissaries, treaties, offers of treaty, plans,
foolish futile exertions), at an immense rate. When the Ce-
lestial Balances are canting, a man ought to exert himself.
But as to this of saving the House of Austria from France, --
surely, your Britannic Majesty, the shortest wayto that, if
that is so indispensable, were: That the House of Austria
should consent to give up its stolen goods, better late than
never; and to make thisKing of Prussia its friend, as he offers
to be! Joined with thisKing, it would manage to give account
of France and its balloon projects, by and by. Could your
Britannic Majesty but take Mr. Viner's hint; and, in the
interim, mind your own business! --
His Britannic Majesty intends immediate fighting; and,
both in England and Hanover, is making preparation loud
and great. Nay, he will in his own person fight, if necessary,
and rather likes the thought of it: he saw Oudeuarde in his
young days; and, I am told, traces in himself a talent for
Generalship. Were the Britannic Majesty to draw his own
puissant sword! -- His own puissant purse he has already
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? 6 FIRST SILESIAN WAR ENDS. [bOOK XIII.
May 1741.
drawn; and is subsidising to right and left; knocking at all
doors with money in hand, and the question, "Any fighting
done here? " In England itself there goes on much drilling,
enlisting; camping, proposing to camp; which is noisy
enough in the British Newspapers, much more in the Foreign.
One actual Camp there was "on Lexden Heath near'Col-
chester," from May till October of this 1741, *--Camp waiting
always to be shipped across to the scene of action, but never
was: -- this actual Camp, and several imaginary ones here,
which were alarming to the Continental Gazetteer. In Eng-
land his Majesty is busy that way; still more among his Hano-
verians , now under his own royal eye; and among his Danes
and Hessians, whom he has now brought over into Hanover,
to combine with the others. Danes and Hessians, 6,000 of
each kind, he for some time back keeps in stall, upon subsidy,
ready for such an occasion. Their "Camp at Hameln,"
"Camp at Nienburg" (will, with the Hanoverians, be 30,000
odd); their swashing and blaring about, intending to encamp
at Hameln, at Nienburg, and other places, but never doing it,
or doing it with any result: this, with the alarming English
'Camps at Lexden and in Dreamland, which also were void of
practical issue, filled Europe with rumour this Summer. --
Eager enough to fight; a noble martial ardour in our little
Hercules-Atlas! But there lie such enormous difficulties on
the threshold; especially these Two, which are insuperable
or nearly so.
Difficulty First, is that of the laggard Dutch; a People
apt to be heavy in the sternworks. They are quite languid
about Pragmatic Sanction, these Dutch; they answer his Bri-
tannic Majesty's enthusiasm with an obese torpidity; and
hope always they will drift through, in some way; buoyant in
their own fat, well ballasted astern; and not need such swim-
ming for life. "What a laggard notion," thinks his Majesty;
"nation in ten pair of breeches, so to speak! " This stirring
up of the Dutch, which lasts year on year, and almost beats
Lord Stair, Lord Carteret, and our chief Artists, is itself a
thing like few! One of his Britannic Majesty's great difficul-
ties; -- insuperable he never could admit it to be. "Surely
you are a Sea-Power, ye valiant Dutch; the Other Sea-Power?
? Manifold but insignificant details about it, in the old Newspapers of
those Months.
:? '
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? CHAP. I. ] GEORGE II. PALADIN OF THE PRAGMATIC. 7
May 1741.
Bound by Barrier Treaty, Treaty of Vienna, and Law of Na-
ture itself, to rise with us against the fatal designs of France;
fatal to your Dutch Barrier, first of all; if the Liberties of
Mankind were indifferent to you! How is it that you will
not? " The Dutch cannot say how. France rocks them in
security, by oily-mouthed Diplomatists, Fenelon and others;
"Would not touch a stone of your Barrier, for the world, ye
admirable Dutch neighbours: on our honour, thrice and four
times, No! " They have an eloquent Van Hoey of their own
at Paris; renowned in Newspapers: "Nothing but friendship
here! " reports Van Hoey always: and the Dutch answer his
Britannic Majesty: "Hm, rise? Well then, if we must! " --
but sit always still.
Nowhere in Political Mechanics have I seen such aProblem
as this of hoisting to their feet the heavy-bottomed Dutch.
The cunningest leverage, every sort of Diplomatic block-and-
tackle, Carteret and Stair themselves running over to help in
critical seasons, is applied; to almost no purpose. Pull long,
pull strong, pull all together, -- see, the neavy Dutch do stir;
some four inches of daylight fairly visible below them: bear a
hand, oh bear a hand! -- Pooh, the Dutch flap down again, as
low as ever. As low, -- unless (by Diplomatic art) you have
wedged them at the four inches higher; which, after the first
time or two, is generally done. At the long last, partially in
1743 (upon which his Britannic Majesty drew sword), complete-
ly in 1747, the Dutch were got to their feet; -- unfortunately
good for nothing when they were! Without them his Britannic
Majesty durst not venture. Hidden in those dustbins, there is
nothing so absurd, or which would be so wearisome, did it not
at last become slightly ludicrous, as this of hoisting theDutch.
Difficulty Second, which in enormity of magnitude might
be reckoned first, as in order of time it ranks both first and
last, is: The case of dear Hanover; case involved in mere
insolubilities. Our own dear Hanover, which (were there
nothing more in it) is liable, from that Camp at Gottin, to be
slit in pieces at a moment's warning! No drawing sword
against a nefarious Prussia, on those terms. The Camp at
Gottin holds George in checkmate. And then finally, in this
same Autumn 1741, when a Maillebois with his 40 or 50,000
French (the Leftward or western of those Two Belleisle
Armies), threatening our Hanover from another side, crossed
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? 8 FIRST SILESIAN WAR ENDS. [book XIII.
May 1741.
the Lower Rhine -- But let us not anticipate. The case of
Hanover, which everybody saw to be his Majesty's vulnerable
point, was the constant open door of France and her machina-
tions, and a never-ending theme of angry eloquences in the
English Parliament as well.
So that the case of Hanover proved insoluble through-
out, and was like a perpetual running sore. Oh the pam-
phleteerings, the denouncings, the complainings, satirical and
elegiac, which grounded themselves on Hanover, the Case of
the Hanover Forces, and innumerable other Hanoverian cases,
griefs and difficulties! So pungently vital to somnambulant
mankind at that epoch; to us fallen dead as carrion, and un-
endurable to think of. My friends, if you send for Gentlemen
from Hanover, you must take them with Hanover adhering
more or less; and ought not to quarrel with your bargain,
which you reckoned so divine! No doubt, it is singular to see
a Britannic Majesty neglecting his own Spanish War, the one
real business he has at present; and running about over all
the world; busy, soul, body and breeches-pocket, in other
people's wars; egging on other fighting, whispering every
likely fellow he can meet, "Won't you perhaps fight? Here
is for you, if so! " -- hand to breeches-pocket accompanying
the word. But it must be said, and ought to be better known
than in our day it is, His Majesty's Ministers, and the English
State-Doctors generally, were precisely of the same mind. To
them too the Austrian Quarrel was everything, their own poor
Spanish Quarrel nothing; and the complaint they make of his
Majesty is rather that he does not rush rapidly enough, with
brandished sword, as well as with guineas raining from him,
into this one indispensable business. "Owing to his fears for
Hanover! " say they, with indignation, with no end of suspi-
cion, angry pamphleteering and covert eloquence, "within
those walls" and without.
The suspicion of Hanover's checking his Majesty's Prag-
matic velocity is altogether well founded; and there need no
more be said on that Hanover score. Be it well understood
and admitted . Hanover was the Britannic Majesty's beloved
son; and the British Empire his opulent milk-cow.
^JL*
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? G** M-275,85". 4 (i)
^arbarli College Htbrarp
FROM
EBtate. '. of.
Elizabeth Q Norton
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:28 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hwiijj Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? ? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:28 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hwiijj Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? ? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:28 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hwiijj Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? COLLECTION
OF
BRITISH AUTHORS.
VOL. 602.
FREDERICK THE GREAT BY THOMAS CARLYLE.
VOL. VII.
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:28 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hwiijj Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? ? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-11-14 09:28 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hwiijj Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? HISTORY
OF
FRIEDRICH II. OF PRUSSIA-
CALLED
FREDERICK THE GREAT.
BY
THOMAS CARLYLE.
COPYRIGHT EDITION.
VOL. VII.
LEIPZIG
BERNHAED TAUCHNITZ
1862.
The Right of Translation is reserved.
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? Gei-i+TrS^S-M (7)
'u- -J
HARVARD A
lUNIVERSITY
LIBRARY
FEB 23 1959
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? CONTENTS
OF VOLUME VII.
BOOK XIII.
FIRST SILESIAN WAR, LEAVING THE GENERAL EUROPEAN ONE
ABLAZE ALL ROUND, GETS ENDED. 1741-1742.
CHAPTER PAGE
I. Britannic Majesty asPaladin of the Pragmatic 3
Cunctations, yet incessant and ubiquitous Endeavour-
ings, of his Britannic Majesty (1741-1743), p. 4.
II. Camp of Strehlen 13
Excellency Hyndford has his First Audience (Camp of
Mollwitz, May 7th); and Friedrich makes a most im-
portant Treaty, -- not with Hyndford, p. 19.
Excellency Robinson busy in the ViennaHofrath Circles,
to produce a Compliance, 32.
Excellency Robinson has Audienco of Friedrich (Camp
of Strehlen, 7th August 1741), 41.
III. Grand Review at Strehlen: Neipperg takes
Aim at Bbeslau, but another hits it . 51
IV. Friedrich takes the Field again, intent on
having Neisse 58
V. Klein-Schnellendorf: Friedrich gets Neisse,
in a Fashion 75
"Moriamur pro Regenostra Maria Theresid," in thePoetic,
and then also in the Prose Forms, p. 77.
Excellency Hyndford brings about a Meeting at Klein-
Schnellendorf (ath October 1741), 82.
Friedrich takes Neisse by Sham Siege (Capture not
Sham); gets homaged in Breslau;,and returns to
Berlin, 89.
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? VI CONTENTS OF VOLUME VII.
CHAPTER PAGE
VI. New Mayor of Landshut makes an Installation
Speech 97
VII. Fbiedrich purposes to mend the Klein-Schnel-
lendorf Failure: Fortunes of the Belle-
isle Armament 104
Broglio has a Bivouac of Pisek; Khevenhiiller looks in
upon the Donau Conquests, p. 116.
VIII. Friedrich starts for Moravia , on a new Scheme
he has 120
'IX. WlLHELMINA GOES TO SEE THE GAIETIES AT FrANK-
FURT 130
"Wilhelinina at the Coronation, p. 136.
The Duchess Dowager of 'Wurtemberg, returning from
Berlin, favours us with another Visit, 142.
X. Friedrich does his Moravian Expedition, which
proves a mere Moravian Foray . . . 147
Iglau is got, but not the Magazine at Iglau, p. 149.
The Saxons think Iglau enough; the French go home, 151.
Friedrich submerges theMoravjan Countries; but cannot
Brtinn, which is the indispensable point, 153.
The Saxons have no Cannon for Briinn, cannot afford any;
there is a high Resolution taken at Vienna (February
25th): Friedrich quits the Moravian Enterprise, 154.
XI. Nussler in Neisse, with the Old Dessauer and
Walrave 165
How Nussler happened to be in Neisse, May 1742, p. 166.
XII. Prince Karl does come on 170
XIII. Battle of Chotusitz 177
XIV. Peace of Breslau 192
BOOK XIV.
THE SURROUNDING EUROPEAN WAR DOES NOT END. 1742-1744.
I. Friedrich resumes his Peaceable Pursuits . 203
Settles the Silesian Boundaries, the Silesian Arrange-
ments; with manifest profit to Silesia and himself,
p. 208.
Opening of the Opera-House at Berlin, 212.
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? CONTENTS OF VOLUME VII. VII
CHAPTER PAGE
Friedrich takes the Waters at Aachen, where Voltaire
comes to see him, 213.
II. Austrian Affairs are ok the Mounting Hand 218
War-Phenomena in the Western Parts: King George
tries, a Second Time, to draw his Sword; tugs at it
violently, for Seven Months (February--October 1742),
p. 219.
How Due d'Harcourt, advancing to reinforce the Ori-
flamme, had to split himself in two; and become an
"Army of Bavaria," 223.
How Belleisle, returning from Dresden without Coopera-
tion, found the Attack had been done, -- in a fatally
reverse way. Prag expecting Siege. Colloquy with
Broglio on that interesting point. Prag besieged, 227.
Concerning the Italian War which simultaneously went
on, all along, 230.
Scene,Roads ofCadiz, October 1741: By what astonishing
Artifice this Italian War did, at length, get begun, 233.
Other Scene, Bay of Naples, I9th-20th August 1742: King
of Two Sicilies (Baby Carlos that was), having been
assisting Mamma, is obliged to become Neutral in tho
Italian War, 234.
The Siege of Prag continues. A grand Sally there, 235.
Maillebois marches with an "Army of Redemption'' or
"of Mathurins" (wittily so called), to relieve Prag;
reaches the Bohemian Frontier, joined by the Comte
de Saxe; above 50,000 strong (August 9th--September
19th), 238.
Prince Karl and the Grand-Duke, hearing of Maillebois,
go to meet him (September 14th); and the Siege of
Prag is raised, 242.
The Maillebois Army of Redemption cannot redeem at
all; -- has to stagger Southward again; and becomes
an "Army of Bavaria," under Broglio, 243.
Voltaire has been on Visit at Aachen, in the interim, --
his Third Visit to King Friedrich, 246.
Three Letters of Voltaire, dated Brussels, 10th Sept.
1742, 249.
III. Carnival Phenomena in War-time . . . . 253
Retreat from Prag: Army of tho Oriflamme, Bohemian
Section of it, makes exit, p. 254.
A Glance at Vienna, and then at Berlin, 25S.
Voltaire, at Paris, is made immortal by a Kiss, 262.
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? VIII CONTENTS OF VOLUME VII.
CHAPTER PAGE
IV. Austrian Affairs mount to a Dangerous Height 266
Britannic Majesty, with Sword actually drawn, has
marched meanwhile to the Frankfurt Countries, as
"Pragmatic Army;" ready for Battle and Treaty
alike, p. 273.
Friedrich has Objections to the Pragmatic Army; but in
vain. Of Friedrich many Endeavours to quench this
War, by "Union of Independent German Princes," by
"Mediation of the Reich,'' and otherwise; all in vain,
278.
V. Britannic Majesty Fights his Battle of Det-
TINGEN; AND BECOMES SUPREME JOVE OF GER-
MANY , in a Manner 283
Battle of Dettingen, p. 283.
Britannic Majesty holds his Conferences of Hanau, 299.
Hungarian Majesty answers, in the Diet, that French
Declaration, "Make Peace, good People; 1 wish to
be out of it! " -- in an ominous Manner, 306.
Britannic Majesty goes home, 312.
VI. Voltaire visits Friedrich for the Fourth Time 317
Friedrich visits Baireuth; on a particular Errand; --
Voltaire attending, and privately reporting, p. 327.
VII. Friedrich makes Treaty with France; and
SILENTLY GETS READY 337
VIII. Perfect Peace at Berlin, War all bound . 348
The Succession in Russia, and also in Sweden, shall not
be Hostile to us: Two Royal Marriages, a Russian
and a Swedish, are accomplished at Berlin, with such
View, p. 350.
Glance at the Belligerent Powers; Britannic Majesty
narrowly misses an Invasion that might have been
dangerous, 358.
The young Duke of'VVurtemberg gets a valedictory Ad-
vice; and Pollnitz a ditto Testimonial (February 6th;
April 1st, 1744), 365.
Two Conquests for Prussia, a gaseous and a solid: Con-
quest First, Barberina the Dancer, 369.
Conquest Second is Ost-Friesland, of a solid Nature, 373.
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? BOOK XIII.
FIEST SILESIAN WAE, LEAVING THE GENEEAL
EUEOPEAN ONE ABLAZE ALL BOUND,
GETS ENDED.
May 1741--July 1742.
farlyle, Frederick the Great. Vll.
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? May 1741.
CHAPTER I.
BRITANNIC MAJESTY AS PALADIN OF THE PRAGMATIC.
Part First of his Britannic Majesty's Sorrows, the
Britannic or Domestic Part, is now perhaps conceivable
to readers. But as to the Second, the Germanic or
Pragmatic Part, -- articulate History, after much con-
sideration, is content to renounce attempting these;
feels that these will remain forever inconceivable to
mankind in the now altered times. So small a gentle-
man; and he feels, dismally though with heroism, that
he has got the axis of the world on his shoulder. Poor
Majesty! His eyes, proud as Jove's, are nothing like
so perspicacious; a pair of the poorest eyes: and he
has to scan with them, and unriddle under pain of
death, such a waste of insoluble intricacies, troubles
and world-perils as seldom was, -- even in Dreams. In
fact, it is of the nature of a long Nightmare Dream,
all this of the Pragmatic, to his poor Majesty and Na-
tion; and wakeful History must not spend herself upon
it, beyond the essential.
May 12th, betimes this Year, his Majesty got across
to Hanover, Harrington with him; anxious to contem-
plate near at hand that Camp of the Old Dessauer's at
Gottin, and the other fearful phenomena, French, Prus-
sian and other, in that Country. His Majesty, as na-
tural, was much in Germany in those Years; scanning
the phenomena; a long while not knowing what in the
world to make of them. Bully Belleisle having stept
1*
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? 4 FIRST SILESIAN WAR ENDS. [BOOK XIII.
May 1741.
into the ring, it is evident, clear as the sun, that one
must act, and act at once; but it is a perfect sphinx-
enigma to say How. Seldom was Sovereign or man
so spurred, and goaded on, by the highest considera-
tions; and then so held down, and chained to his place,
by an imbroglio of considerations and sphinx-riddles!
Thrice over, at different dates (which shall be given),
the first of them this Year, he starts up as in spasm,
determined to draw sword, and plunge in; twice he is
crushed down again, with sword half drawn; and only
the third time (in 1743) does he get sword out, and
brandish it in a surprising though useless manner. Af-
ter which he feels better. But up to that crisis, his
case is really tragical, -- had idle readers any bowels
for him; which they have not! One or two Fractions,
snatched from the circumambient Paper Vortex, must
suffice us for the indispensable in this place:
Cunctations, yet incessant and ubiquitous Endeavourings, of his
Britannic Majesty (1741-1743).
* * After the wonderful Russian Partition-Treaty,
which his English Walpoles would not hear of, -- and which
has produced the Camp of Gottin, see, your Majesty! --
George does nothing rashly. Far from it: indeed, except it
be paying money, he becomes again a miracle of cunctations;
and staggers about for years to come, like the -- Shall we say,
like the White Hanover Horse amid half-a-dozen sieves of
beans? Alas no, like the Hanover Horse with the shadows of
half-a-dozen Damocles'-swords dangling into the eyes of it;
-- enough to drive any Horse to its wit's end! --
"To do, to dare," thinks the Britannic Majesty; -- yes,
and of daring there is a plenty: but, "In which direction?
What, How? these are questions for a fussy little gentleman
called to take the world on his shoulders. We suppose it was
by Walpole's advice that he gave her Hungarian Majesty that
200,000/. of Secret-Service Money; -- advice sufficiently Wal-
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? CHAP. I. ] GEORGE II. PALADIN OF THE PRAGMATIC. 5
May 1741.
polean: "Russian Partition-Treaties; horrible to think of;
-- beware of these again! Give her Majesty that cash; can
be done; it will keep matters afloat, and spoil nothing! "
That, till the late Subsidy payable within year and day
hence, was all of tangible his Majesty had yet done; -- truly
that is all her Hungarian Majesty has yet got by hawking the
world, Pragmatic Sanction in hand. And if that were the bit
of generosity which enabled Neipperg to climb the Mountains
and be beaten at Mollwitz, that has helped little! Very big
generosities, to a frightful cipher of Millions Sterling through
the coming years, will go the same road; and amount also to
zero, even for the receiving party, not to speak of the giving!
For men and kings are wise creatures.
But wise or unwise, how great are his Britannic Majesty's
activities in this Pragmatic Business! We may say, they are
prodigious, incessant, ubiquitous. They are forgotten now,
fallen wholly to the spiders and the dustbins; -- though Frie-
drich himself was not a busier King in those days, if perhaps
a better directed. It is a thing wonderful to us, but sorrowful
and undeniable. We perceive the Britannic Majesty's own
little mind pulsing with this Pragmatic Matter, as the biggest,
volcano would do; -- shooting forth dust and smoke, (sub-
sidies, diplomatic emissaries, treaties, offers of treaty, plans,
foolish futile exertions), at an immense rate. When the Ce-
lestial Balances are canting, a man ought to exert himself.
But as to this of saving the House of Austria from France, --
surely, your Britannic Majesty, the shortest wayto that, if
that is so indispensable, were: That the House of Austria
should consent to give up its stolen goods, better late than
never; and to make thisKing of Prussia its friend, as he offers
to be! Joined with thisKing, it would manage to give account
of France and its balloon projects, by and by. Could your
Britannic Majesty but take Mr. Viner's hint; and, in the
interim, mind your own business! --
His Britannic Majesty intends immediate fighting; and,
both in England and Hanover, is making preparation loud
and great. Nay, he will in his own person fight, if necessary,
and rather likes the thought of it: he saw Oudeuarde in his
young days; and, I am told, traces in himself a talent for
Generalship. Were the Britannic Majesty to draw his own
puissant sword! -- His own puissant purse he has already
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? 6 FIRST SILESIAN WAR ENDS. [bOOK XIII.
May 1741.
drawn; and is subsidising to right and left; knocking at all
doors with money in hand, and the question, "Any fighting
done here? " In England itself there goes on much drilling,
enlisting; camping, proposing to camp; which is noisy
enough in the British Newspapers, much more in the Foreign.
One actual Camp there was "on Lexden Heath near'Col-
chester," from May till October of this 1741, *--Camp waiting
always to be shipped across to the scene of action, but never
was: -- this actual Camp, and several imaginary ones here,
which were alarming to the Continental Gazetteer. In Eng-
land his Majesty is busy that way; still more among his Hano-
verians , now under his own royal eye; and among his Danes
and Hessians, whom he has now brought over into Hanover,
to combine with the others. Danes and Hessians, 6,000 of
each kind, he for some time back keeps in stall, upon subsidy,
ready for such an occasion. Their "Camp at Hameln,"
"Camp at Nienburg" (will, with the Hanoverians, be 30,000
odd); their swashing and blaring about, intending to encamp
at Hameln, at Nienburg, and other places, but never doing it,
or doing it with any result: this, with the alarming English
'Camps at Lexden and in Dreamland, which also were void of
practical issue, filled Europe with rumour this Summer. --
Eager enough to fight; a noble martial ardour in our little
Hercules-Atlas! But there lie such enormous difficulties on
the threshold; especially these Two, which are insuperable
or nearly so.
Difficulty First, is that of the laggard Dutch; a People
apt to be heavy in the sternworks. They are quite languid
about Pragmatic Sanction, these Dutch; they answer his Bri-
tannic Majesty's enthusiasm with an obese torpidity; and
hope always they will drift through, in some way; buoyant in
their own fat, well ballasted astern; and not need such swim-
ming for life. "What a laggard notion," thinks his Majesty;
"nation in ten pair of breeches, so to speak! " This stirring
up of the Dutch, which lasts year on year, and almost beats
Lord Stair, Lord Carteret, and our chief Artists, is itself a
thing like few! One of his Britannic Majesty's great difficul-
ties; -- insuperable he never could admit it to be. "Surely
you are a Sea-Power, ye valiant Dutch; the Other Sea-Power?
? Manifold but insignificant details about it, in the old Newspapers of
those Months.
:? '
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? CHAP. I. ] GEORGE II. PALADIN OF THE PRAGMATIC. 7
May 1741.
Bound by Barrier Treaty, Treaty of Vienna, and Law of Na-
ture itself, to rise with us against the fatal designs of France;
fatal to your Dutch Barrier, first of all; if the Liberties of
Mankind were indifferent to you! How is it that you will
not? " The Dutch cannot say how. France rocks them in
security, by oily-mouthed Diplomatists, Fenelon and others;
"Would not touch a stone of your Barrier, for the world, ye
admirable Dutch neighbours: on our honour, thrice and four
times, No! " They have an eloquent Van Hoey of their own
at Paris; renowned in Newspapers: "Nothing but friendship
here! " reports Van Hoey always: and the Dutch answer his
Britannic Majesty: "Hm, rise? Well then, if we must! " --
but sit always still.
Nowhere in Political Mechanics have I seen such aProblem
as this of hoisting to their feet the heavy-bottomed Dutch.
The cunningest leverage, every sort of Diplomatic block-and-
tackle, Carteret and Stair themselves running over to help in
critical seasons, is applied; to almost no purpose. Pull long,
pull strong, pull all together, -- see, the neavy Dutch do stir;
some four inches of daylight fairly visible below them: bear a
hand, oh bear a hand! -- Pooh, the Dutch flap down again, as
low as ever. As low, -- unless (by Diplomatic art) you have
wedged them at the four inches higher; which, after the first
time or two, is generally done. At the long last, partially in
1743 (upon which his Britannic Majesty drew sword), complete-
ly in 1747, the Dutch were got to their feet; -- unfortunately
good for nothing when they were! Without them his Britannic
Majesty durst not venture. Hidden in those dustbins, there is
nothing so absurd, or which would be so wearisome, did it not
at last become slightly ludicrous, as this of hoisting theDutch.
Difficulty Second, which in enormity of magnitude might
be reckoned first, as in order of time it ranks both first and
last, is: The case of dear Hanover; case involved in mere
insolubilities. Our own dear Hanover, which (were there
nothing more in it) is liable, from that Camp at Gottin, to be
slit in pieces at a moment's warning! No drawing sword
against a nefarious Prussia, on those terms. The Camp at
Gottin holds George in checkmate. And then finally, in this
same Autumn 1741, when a Maillebois with his 40 or 50,000
French (the Leftward or western of those Two Belleisle
Armies), threatening our Hanover from another side, crossed
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? 8 FIRST SILESIAN WAR ENDS. [book XIII.
May 1741.
the Lower Rhine -- But let us not anticipate. The case of
Hanover, which everybody saw to be his Majesty's vulnerable
point, was the constant open door of France and her machina-
tions, and a never-ending theme of angry eloquences in the
English Parliament as well.
So that the case of Hanover proved insoluble through-
out, and was like a perpetual running sore. Oh the pam-
phleteerings, the denouncings, the complainings, satirical and
elegiac, which grounded themselves on Hanover, the Case of
the Hanover Forces, and innumerable other Hanoverian cases,
griefs and difficulties! So pungently vital to somnambulant
mankind at that epoch; to us fallen dead as carrion, and un-
endurable to think of. My friends, if you send for Gentlemen
from Hanover, you must take them with Hanover adhering
more or less; and ought not to quarrel with your bargain,
which you reckoned so divine! No doubt, it is singular to see
a Britannic Majesty neglecting his own Spanish War, the one
real business he has at present; and running about over all
the world; busy, soul, body and breeches-pocket, in other
people's wars; egging on other fighting, whispering every
likely fellow he can meet, "Won't you perhaps fight? Here
is for you, if so! " -- hand to breeches-pocket accompanying
the word. But it must be said, and ought to be better known
than in our day it is, His Majesty's Ministers, and the English
State-Doctors generally, were precisely of the same mind. To
them too the Austrian Quarrel was everything, their own poor
Spanish Quarrel nothing; and the complaint they make of his
Majesty is rather that he does not rush rapidly enough, with
brandished sword, as well as with guineas raining from him,
into this one indispensable business. "Owing to his fears for
Hanover! " say they, with indignation, with no end of suspi-
cion, angry pamphleteering and covert eloquence, "within
those walls" and without.
The suspicion of Hanover's checking his Majesty's Prag-
matic velocity is altogether well founded; and there need no
more be said on that Hanover score. Be it well understood
and admitted . Hanover was the Britannic Majesty's beloved
son; and the British Empire his opulent milk-cow.
