--(tor discussions on this
interesting
question,
consult Cramer's Anc.
consult Cramer's Anc.
Charles - 1867 - Classical Dictionary
?
Craterus, the botanist (fn^oro/ioc), and Andreas the
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? D1C
etners are preserved a Leyden. The latest and best
edition of Dioscorides ia that of Sprengel, in the col-
lection of Greek physicians by Kuhn, Lip*. , 1829, 8vo.
The folio edition by Saracenus (Sarassin) Franco/. ,
1598, ia also a very ? 3od one. Sprengel's edition is
improved by a collation of several MSS. --So far as
European plants are in question, we may suppose that
the iih dns of illustrating Dioscorides are now nearly
exhausted; but it is far otherwise with his Indian and
Persian plants. Concerning the latter, it is probable
that much may be learned from a study of the modem
Materia Medica of India. When the Nestorians, in
the fifth century, were driven into exile, they Bought
refuge among the Arabs, with whom they established
their celebrated school of med. cine, the ramifications
of which extended into Persia and India, and laid the
foundation of the present medical practice of the na-
tives of those countries. In this way the Greek names
of Dioscorides, altered, indeed, and adapted to the
genius of the new countries, became introduced into
the language of Persia, Arabia, and Hindustan, and
ha* e been handed down traditionally to the present
day. Thus Dr. Royle has shown, by an examination
of this son of evidence, that the calamus aromatikos
of Dioscorides is not a Gentian, as has been imagined;
that Nardos Indike is unquestionably the A'an/osto-
ckys Jatamansi of De Candolle, and that the Lukion
Imhcvn was neither a Rhamnus nor a Lycium, but, as
Prosper Alpinus long ago asserted, a Berberis. (En-
eye. Us. Knotel. , vol. 9, p. 5. --SMU, Hist. Lit. Gr. ,
vol. 5, p. 331, seqq. )
Dioscoridi Insula (AiooKopiSov vijaoc, Plot), or
'Dioscobida (AwoKopiSa, Ptripl. , p. 17), an island
situate at the south of the entrance of the Arabic Gulf,
and now called Socolora. The aloes here produced
are held in more estimation than those of Hadramaiit.
The ancient name, observes Vincent (Periplus of the
Erytltrean Sea, p. 341. --Commerce of the Ancients,
vol. 2), may have a Greek origin; but it has so near
a name to Socotra or Zocotora, that it is much more
likely to be a nautical corruption of an Arabic term,
than the application of a Greek one. The island is
U1T
the scavans of the French expedition. (Manneti
Geogr. , vol. 10, pt. 1, p. 376. )--III. A city of Pales-
tine, called also Lydda. It was situate in an extensive
plain, and is placed by the Itiner. Hierosol. (p 60)
thirty-two miles northwest of Jerusalem. It was de-
stroyed by the Saracens, who at a later period built,
about two geographical miles to the east of its site the
modern city of Ramlat. (Abulfeda, Tab. Syr. , p 79 )
Dmx, another name for the Furies. ( Vid. Furiss )
Dirce, I. wife of Lycus, king of Thebes. She treat-
ed Antiope with great cruelty, and was put tc death by
A in ph ion and Zethus, Antiope's two sons. They tied
her by the hair to a wild bull, and let the animal drag
her until she was dead. After death she was changed
into a fountain of the same name, near the city ol
Thebes. [Vid. Antiope. )--II. A fountain near Thebes,
in Baeotia, the waters of which emptied into the Isme-
nus. Near it was the dwelling of Pindar. Sir W.
Gell noticed a brook to the west of the Cadmea, by
some Turkish tombs, which he considered to be the an-
cient Dirce. {Cramer's Anc. Greece, vol. 2, p. 230. )
Dis, a name given to Pluto. [Vid. Pluto. )
Dire or Dere (Aeipt'i, called by Ptolemy Aijpij), a
promontory of Africa, over against the coast of Ara-
bia, and at the narrowest part of the Sinus Arabicus,
? ? or Ked Sea. From its appearance as it stretched
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? UOD
DODONA.
Plato's words (Leg. , S, p. 700, b, Aiovvoov yiveoic
. . . . didvpa/tboc Afyujut'vof), the name of the song
expressed as much. It was originally distinguished
by a disorderly and enthusiastic wildness of tone,
? which, in the end, degenerated into turgidity and bom-
bast. The music was Phrygian (therefore stirring
and rajiid), and the pipe its original accompaniment.
From the more solemn festivities and systematic wild-
ness of the dithyramb sprang tragedy; just as comedy
came from the Phallic song. --Bloinfield supposes an
etymological connexion between the words lap. 6oc,
dpia/iSoc, and Atdvpa/tOor, and thinks they arc corrup-
tions of Egyptian terms. (Afeis. Crit. , vol. 2, p. 70. )
It is more probable, however, that dpia/i6oe and dtOv-
oi/iOuc came with the worship of Bacchus from In-
dia, and that Dithyrambus was not, as many think, the
name of the god after it became the name of the song,
but the reverse. Donaldson, however, opposes this
last-mentioned supposition, and attempts also to give
a new derivation to the term itself, but with little, if
any success. (Theatre of the Greeks, p. 18, not. ,
4th ed. )
Divitiacus, a leading nobleman of the -T'lhii, who
possessed great influence with Cssar in consequence
of his fidelity and attachment to the Romans. (Cits. ,
B. G. , 1, 3-- Id. ib. , 1, 41, &c. )
Dium, one of the principal cities of Macedonia, and
not unfrequently the residence of its monarchs. It
was situate, according to I. ivy (44, 6 and 7), at the
foot of Mount Olympus, which leaves but the space of
one mite from the sea; and half of this is occupied by
marshes formed by the mouth of the river Baphyrus.
Thucydides (4,78) says it was the first Macedonian
town which Brasidas entered on his march from Thes-
saly. This olace suffered considerably during the So-
cial war from an incursion of the . Etolians under their
pnetor Scopas, who levelled to the ground the walls,
houses, ana gymnasium, destroying the porches around
the temple of Jupiter, an edifice of great celebrity,
with the offerings and everything used in the festivals.
(Polyb. , 4, 62. ) It is evident, however, from Lhrr's
account, that this damage had been repaired when the
Romans occupied the town in the reign of Perseus.
It was here that Philip assembled his army previous
to the battle of Cynoscephahe. (Lin , 33, 3 ) Dium,
at a later period, became a Roman colony. (Ptol. , p.
82. ) Pliny terms it Colonia Diensis (4, 10). Some
simi. arity in the name of this once flourishing city is
apparent in that of a spot called Standta, which an-
swers to Livy's description. Dr. Clarke, however,
was not difeposrid to acquiesce in this opinion, and
thought that it must have stood at Katerina. (Trav-
els--Greece, Egypt, &c, vol. 7, p 400, seqq. ) He
was most probably mistaken, as Katerina, or Hateri,
which is the real name of the place, is doubtless the
11 ultra of the Tabula Theodosiana, one stage from
Dium. (Cramer's Ancient Greece, vol. 1, p. 208. )
Divodoruh, the capital of the Mediomatrici, a pco-
of Belgic Gaul, who were located along the Mosclla or
Moselle. Its name was afterward changed to that of
the people itscrf, and i>> now Mctz. (Tacit. , Hist. , 1,
63 -- Amm. Marcell. , 15, 27. )
Dodona, I. a celebrated citv and oracle of Epirus,
situate most probably in the present valley ofJoannina,
hut the exact position of which has never been ascer-
Vaiied. We are not assisted here ly any accurate an-
cient traveller like Pausanias, nor have we any itine-
? ? raries or faithful measurements of distances to guide
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? DODOJNA
c'o:k] be counted before il ceased. Hence aiose the
Tarious proverbs of the Dodonean caldron and the
Corcyrean lash. (Strabo, Compend. , 7, p. 329. ) Me-
nander, ic one of hia plays, compared an old nurse's
chatter to the endless sound of this kettle. (Mcnand. ,
Rehq , cd. Meinecke, p. 27. ) It was said by others,
that the walls of the temple were composed of many
caldrons, contiguous to each other, so (hat, striking
upon one, the sound was conveyed to all the rest.
But '. his account is not so much to be depended on
as the other, which, according to Steph. Byz. , rests
on the authority of Polemo Periegetes, who seems to
have written a very accurate description of the curi-
osities of the place; as also another person named Aris-
tides. --We hear of the oracle of Dodona at the time
of the Persian invasion (Hcrodot. , 9, 93), and again in
the reign ot Agesilaus, who consulted it previously to
his expedition into Asia. (Plut. , Apophthegm. Lacon. ,
p. 125. ) It is stated by Diodorus Siculus (14, 13),
that Lysander was accused openly of having offered to
bribe the priestess. The oracle which warned the
Molossian Alexander of his fate is well known from
J,ivy (8, 24). From Demosthenes we learn, that the
answers delivered from time to time to the Athenians
were laid up in the public archives; and he himself ap-
peals to their testimony on more than one occasion.
At length, during the Social war, Dodona was, ac-
cording to Polybius (4, 67), almost entirely destroyed
in an irruption of the ^Etolians, under their praetor
Borimachus, then at war with Epirus. "They set
fire," says the historian, "to the porches, destroyed
many of the offerings, anil pulled down the sacred edi-
fice. " It is probable that the temple of Dodona nev-
er recovered from this disaster, as in Strabo's time
there was scarcely any trace left of the oracle; but the
town must still have existed, us it is mentioned by
Hierocles among the cities of Epirus in the sevonth
. entury; and we hear of a bishop of Dodona in the
ccuncd of Ephesus. (Wessel. , ad Hierocl. , Synced. ,
p. 651 )--All accounts seem to agree that Dodona
stood either on the declivity or at the foot of an ele-
vated mountain called Tomarus or Tamarus. (Stra-
in, 328. ) Hence the term Tomuri, supposed to be a
contraction forTomaruri (Toftapoipot), or guardians of
Tomarus which was given to the priests of the temple
\Strabo, I c. ) In Callimachus (Hymn, in Cer. , 52)
we find the name of the mountain written Tmarus
IJ/wpnc) This lofty mountain was farther remarka-
ble for the number of streams which burst from i's
sides. (Pltn. , 4, 1. ) If, then, we had the means of
distinguishing the modern chain which answers to the
ancient Tomarus, we might easily discover the site of
Dodona, but the whole of Epirus being covered with
. ofty mountains, it is not easy to ascertain even this
point.
--(tor discussions on this interesting question,
consult Cramer's Anc. Greece, vol. 1, p. 115, seqq --
Wordsworth s Greece, p. 2i7. -- Walpole's Collection,
vol. 2, p. 473. --Hughes's Travels, vol. 1, p. 511 >--II
A city and oracle of Thcssaly. It has given rise to
much controversy whether Homer (11. , 2, 749) refers
to this or the city of Epirus, and the scholiasts and
commentators are divided in their opinions. Stcpha-
ins Byzantinus (s. v. Au6uvV) enters fully into the
discnssion, and quotes passages from several writers
on the antiquities of Thessaly, who all acknowledged
? city named Dodona or Bodona in that country:
whence the opinion has been entertained that the ora-
cle of Jupiter was afterward transferred to Epirus.
? ? Strabo (441) seems to adopt this notion, and affirms,
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? DOM
DOM
miede a. id Ulysses, who, on the part of the Greeks,
had been despatched on a similar expedition. Dolon,
having betrayed to them the situation and plans of the
Trojans, was put to death by Diomede for his treach-
ery. (Horn. , II. , 10, 314. --Virg. , JEn. , 12, 349. )
Doi. onci. a people of Thrace. (Herodot. , 6, 34. --
Vid. Miltiades. )
Dolohes, a people of Thossaly, who appear to have
been eap. y established in that southeastern angle of
Thessaly formed by the chain of Pindus, or rather
Tymphrestus, on one side, and Mount Othrys, branch-
ing out of it, on the other. By the latter mountain
they were separated from the /Unianes, who were in
possession of the upper valley of the Sperchius; while
to the west they bordered upon Phthiotis, with the in-
habitants of which country they were connected as
early as the siege of Troy. This we learn from Ho-
mer, who represents Phcenix, the Dolopian leader, as
accompanying Achilles thither in the double capacity
of preceptor and ally. (II. , 9, 480. --Pind. , ap. Slrab. ,
431. ) The Dolopians, according to Pausanias and
Harpocration, sent deputies to the Amphictyonic coun-
cil. From Herodotus we learn, that they presented
earth and water to Xerxes, and furnished some troops
for the expedition undertaken by that monarch into
Greece (7, 132 and 185). Xenophon, at a later peri-
od, enumerates them as subjects of Jason, tyrant of
Pherae. (Hist. Gr. , 6, 1. ) Diodorus Siculus informs
us that they took part in the Lamiac war (18,11). We
afterward find Dolopia a frequent subject of contention
between the . Etolians, who had extended their domin-
ion to the borders of this district, and the kings of
Macedonia. Hence the frequent incursions made by
the former people into this part of Thessaly when at
war with the latter power. (Liv. , 31, 12. --Id. , 33,
34. --Id. , 36, 38. ) Dolopia was finally conquered by
Perseus, the last Macedonian monarch. The cantons
? f Thaumako, Grituiano, and part of Agrapka, may-
be supposed to occupy the situation ascribed by an-
cient writers to the country of the Dolopians. (Cra-
mer'* Anc. Greece, vol. 1, p. 416 )
Domitia Lex, de Sacerdotiis, brought forward by
Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus, tribune of the commons,
A I-'. C. 650. It enacted that ihe vemtifiecs, augures,
and decemviri sacris faciendis should not be chosen by
the sacerdotal colleges, but by the people. The pon-
tifcx maximus and curio maximus were always, in the
first ages of the republic, chosen by the people. (Cic,
Hull. , 2, 7. --Liv. , 25, 5. --Id. , 27, 8. )
Domitia Gens, a celebrated plebeian family, divi-
ded into two branches, that of the Calvini and that of
the Ahenobarbi. The Calvini attained to the consular
office A. U. C. 422, the Ahenobarbi in 562. The latter,
at length, in the person of Nero, became invested with
imperial power; but with this emperor perished the
male line of the Domitii. Domitian only belonged to
this family through his mother Domitia.
Domitia, I. Lepida, aunt of Nero, was accused of ma-
gic and put to death (A. D. 54) through the intrigues
of Agrippina, who was jealous of her influence over
Nero (Tacit. , Ann. , 12, 64, sea. )--IT. , or Domitilla,
wife of Vespasian, by whom he had Titus and Domi-
no i. , and a daughter named Domitilla. She had been
Jie mistress of a Roman knight, and passed fey a freed
woman; but she was declared of free birth on having
been acknowledged by her father Flavius Liberalis,
who held the situation of scribe to one of the quxstors.
? ? She died before Vespasian came to the throne. (Sue-
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? DOM
V >>> wife were among the victims, In the lollowmg
? j <<, A. D. 96, a conspiracy was formed against De-
ft -tian among the officers of his guards and several of
hi<< iutimate friends, and his wife, the infamous Domi-
til'a, herself is said to have participated in it. The im-
mediate cause of it was his increasing suspicions, which
threatened the life of every one around him, and which
a*e said to have been stimulated by the predictions of
tjtrologers and soothsayers, whom he was very ready
to consult. He was killed in his apartments by sev-
eral of the conspirators, after struggling with them for
some '. ime, in his 45th year, and in the fifteenth of his
reign. On the news of his death, the senate assem-
bled and elected M. Cocceius Nerva emperer. --The
character of Domitian is represented by all ancient
oistorians in the darkest colours, as being a compound
of timidity and cruelty, of dissimulation and arrogance,
of self-indulgence and stern severity towards others.
He gave himself op to every excess, and plunged into
the most degrading vices. Conceiving at last the mad
idea of arrogating divine honours to himself, he as-
sumed the titles of Lord and God, and claimed to be
a son of Minerva. Soon after he had succeeded to
the government, he indulged in that love of solitude,
which pride and fear combined to render in a very
short time the most confirmed of all his habits. In
the beginning of his reign, says his biographer, he ac-
customed himself to spend several hours every day in
the strictest privacy, employed frequently in nothing
else than in catching flies, and piercing them with a
sharp instrument. Hence the well-known remark
made by Vibius Crispus, who, when asked whether
there was any one with the emperor, replied, " No, not
even a fly" Domitian took a delight in inspiring oth-
ers with terror; and Dio Cassius tells of a singular
banquet, to which he invited the principal members
of the senate and equestrian order, where everything
wore the appearance of an intended execution. He
once even convened the senate to determine in what
way a large turbot shou. 'l be cooked, whether whole
or divided. And yet at one time, before his becoming
emperor, Domitian had applied himself to literature,
and he is said to have composed several poems and
other works. --The senate, after his death, issued a de-
cree that his name should be struck out of the Roman
annals, and obliterated from every public monument.
? Tacit. , Hist. , 3, 59, scqq. -- Id. ib. , 4, 2, scqq. --
Sutton. , Vit. Domit. --Dio Cat:, 67. --Plin. ,Epist. ,
4, 11. --Id. , Paneg. , 52, 6, &c--Juv. , Sat. , 4, 37,
too. )
Domitilla. Vid. Domitia II.
Domitius, I. Ahenobarbus, the first of the Domitian
family that bore the surname*of Ahenobarbus, lived
about the beginning of the sixth century from the
founding of the city. --II. Cneius Ahenobarbus, son of
the preceding, was plebeian a;dile A. U. C. 558, B. C.
196; prator A. U. C. 560; and consul A. U. C. 562.
(Liv. , 33,42-- Id, 49, 35, &c>--III. Cneius Ahen-
jbaibus, was consul B. C. 122. He conquered 3i-
<<uitus, general of the Arverni, slaying 20,000 and ma-
king 3000 prisoners. On his return to Rome he ob-
tained a iriumph. -- IV. Lucius Ahenobarbus, was
quaestor B. C. 66, and prator some years after. In the
rear 54 B. C. he attained to the consulship. He and
Lentulus were the first to oppose Caesar in his inva-
<<on of Italy. Betrayed by his own troops into the
osnds of the conqueror at the capture of Corfinium,
be received his liberty, and again raising a little army
? ? at his own expense, sustained a siege at Massilia. Es-
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? nuR
no (us
exist m bis day, but that some identified i with an oj
scure town named Oluris, in the Messenian district of
Aulon (350). This may have been the spot alluded to
ny Pausanias. Homer (11. , 2, 594) assigns Dorium
to the dominions of Nestor. Hesiod seems to have
adopvjd a different tradition from other poets, since he
removes the scene of the story of Thamyris to Dotium
in Thesaaly (ap. Steph. Byz. , s. v. Aurtov.
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? D1C
etners are preserved a Leyden. The latest and best
edition of Dioscorides ia that of Sprengel, in the col-
lection of Greek physicians by Kuhn, Lip*. , 1829, 8vo.
The folio edition by Saracenus (Sarassin) Franco/. ,
1598, ia also a very ? 3od one. Sprengel's edition is
improved by a collation of several MSS. --So far as
European plants are in question, we may suppose that
the iih dns of illustrating Dioscorides are now nearly
exhausted; but it is far otherwise with his Indian and
Persian plants. Concerning the latter, it is probable
that much may be learned from a study of the modem
Materia Medica of India. When the Nestorians, in
the fifth century, were driven into exile, they Bought
refuge among the Arabs, with whom they established
their celebrated school of med. cine, the ramifications
of which extended into Persia and India, and laid the
foundation of the present medical practice of the na-
tives of those countries. In this way the Greek names
of Dioscorides, altered, indeed, and adapted to the
genius of the new countries, became introduced into
the language of Persia, Arabia, and Hindustan, and
ha* e been handed down traditionally to the present
day. Thus Dr. Royle has shown, by an examination
of this son of evidence, that the calamus aromatikos
of Dioscorides is not a Gentian, as has been imagined;
that Nardos Indike is unquestionably the A'an/osto-
ckys Jatamansi of De Candolle, and that the Lukion
Imhcvn was neither a Rhamnus nor a Lycium, but, as
Prosper Alpinus long ago asserted, a Berberis. (En-
eye. Us. Knotel. , vol. 9, p. 5. --SMU, Hist. Lit. Gr. ,
vol. 5, p. 331, seqq. )
Dioscoridi Insula (AiooKopiSov vijaoc, Plot), or
'Dioscobida (AwoKopiSa, Ptripl. , p. 17), an island
situate at the south of the entrance of the Arabic Gulf,
and now called Socolora. The aloes here produced
are held in more estimation than those of Hadramaiit.
The ancient name, observes Vincent (Periplus of the
Erytltrean Sea, p. 341. --Commerce of the Ancients,
vol. 2), may have a Greek origin; but it has so near
a name to Socotra or Zocotora, that it is much more
likely to be a nautical corruption of an Arabic term,
than the application of a Greek one. The island is
U1T
the scavans of the French expedition. (Manneti
Geogr. , vol. 10, pt. 1, p. 376. )--III. A city of Pales-
tine, called also Lydda. It was situate in an extensive
plain, and is placed by the Itiner. Hierosol. (p 60)
thirty-two miles northwest of Jerusalem. It was de-
stroyed by the Saracens, who at a later period built,
about two geographical miles to the east of its site the
modern city of Ramlat. (Abulfeda, Tab. Syr. , p 79 )
Dmx, another name for the Furies. ( Vid. Furiss )
Dirce, I. wife of Lycus, king of Thebes. She treat-
ed Antiope with great cruelty, and was put tc death by
A in ph ion and Zethus, Antiope's two sons. They tied
her by the hair to a wild bull, and let the animal drag
her until she was dead. After death she was changed
into a fountain of the same name, near the city ol
Thebes. [Vid. Antiope. )--II. A fountain near Thebes,
in Baeotia, the waters of which emptied into the Isme-
nus. Near it was the dwelling of Pindar. Sir W.
Gell noticed a brook to the west of the Cadmea, by
some Turkish tombs, which he considered to be the an-
cient Dirce. {Cramer's Anc. Greece, vol. 2, p. 230. )
Dis, a name given to Pluto. [Vid. Pluto. )
Dire or Dere (Aeipt'i, called by Ptolemy Aijpij), a
promontory of Africa, over against the coast of Ara-
bia, and at the narrowest part of the Sinus Arabicus,
? ? or Ked Sea. From its appearance as it stretched
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? UOD
DODONA.
Plato's words (Leg. , S, p. 700, b, Aiovvoov yiveoic
. . . . didvpa/tboc Afyujut'vof), the name of the song
expressed as much. It was originally distinguished
by a disorderly and enthusiastic wildness of tone,
? which, in the end, degenerated into turgidity and bom-
bast. The music was Phrygian (therefore stirring
and rajiid), and the pipe its original accompaniment.
From the more solemn festivities and systematic wild-
ness of the dithyramb sprang tragedy; just as comedy
came from the Phallic song. --Bloinfield supposes an
etymological connexion between the words lap. 6oc,
dpia/iSoc, and Atdvpa/tOor, and thinks they arc corrup-
tions of Egyptian terms. (Afeis. Crit. , vol. 2, p. 70. )
It is more probable, however, that dpia/i6oe and dtOv-
oi/iOuc came with the worship of Bacchus from In-
dia, and that Dithyrambus was not, as many think, the
name of the god after it became the name of the song,
but the reverse. Donaldson, however, opposes this
last-mentioned supposition, and attempts also to give
a new derivation to the term itself, but with little, if
any success. (Theatre of the Greeks, p. 18, not. ,
4th ed. )
Divitiacus, a leading nobleman of the -T'lhii, who
possessed great influence with Cssar in consequence
of his fidelity and attachment to the Romans. (Cits. ,
B. G. , 1, 3-- Id. ib. , 1, 41, &c. )
Dium, one of the principal cities of Macedonia, and
not unfrequently the residence of its monarchs. It
was situate, according to I. ivy (44, 6 and 7), at the
foot of Mount Olympus, which leaves but the space of
one mite from the sea; and half of this is occupied by
marshes formed by the mouth of the river Baphyrus.
Thucydides (4,78) says it was the first Macedonian
town which Brasidas entered on his march from Thes-
saly. This olace suffered considerably during the So-
cial war from an incursion of the . Etolians under their
pnetor Scopas, who levelled to the ground the walls,
houses, ana gymnasium, destroying the porches around
the temple of Jupiter, an edifice of great celebrity,
with the offerings and everything used in the festivals.
(Polyb. , 4, 62. ) It is evident, however, from Lhrr's
account, that this damage had been repaired when the
Romans occupied the town in the reign of Perseus.
It was here that Philip assembled his army previous
to the battle of Cynoscephahe. (Lin , 33, 3 ) Dium,
at a later period, became a Roman colony. (Ptol. , p.
82. ) Pliny terms it Colonia Diensis (4, 10). Some
simi. arity in the name of this once flourishing city is
apparent in that of a spot called Standta, which an-
swers to Livy's description. Dr. Clarke, however,
was not difeposrid to acquiesce in this opinion, and
thought that it must have stood at Katerina. (Trav-
els--Greece, Egypt, &c, vol. 7, p 400, seqq. ) He
was most probably mistaken, as Katerina, or Hateri,
which is the real name of the place, is doubtless the
11 ultra of the Tabula Theodosiana, one stage from
Dium. (Cramer's Ancient Greece, vol. 1, p. 208. )
Divodoruh, the capital of the Mediomatrici, a pco-
of Belgic Gaul, who were located along the Mosclla or
Moselle. Its name was afterward changed to that of
the people itscrf, and i>> now Mctz. (Tacit. , Hist. , 1,
63 -- Amm. Marcell. , 15, 27. )
Dodona, I. a celebrated citv and oracle of Epirus,
situate most probably in the present valley ofJoannina,
hut the exact position of which has never been ascer-
Vaiied. We are not assisted here ly any accurate an-
cient traveller like Pausanias, nor have we any itine-
? ? raries or faithful measurements of distances to guide
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? DODOJNA
c'o:k] be counted before il ceased. Hence aiose the
Tarious proverbs of the Dodonean caldron and the
Corcyrean lash. (Strabo, Compend. , 7, p. 329. ) Me-
nander, ic one of hia plays, compared an old nurse's
chatter to the endless sound of this kettle. (Mcnand. ,
Rehq , cd. Meinecke, p. 27. ) It was said by others,
that the walls of the temple were composed of many
caldrons, contiguous to each other, so (hat, striking
upon one, the sound was conveyed to all the rest.
But '. his account is not so much to be depended on
as the other, which, according to Steph. Byz. , rests
on the authority of Polemo Periegetes, who seems to
have written a very accurate description of the curi-
osities of the place; as also another person named Aris-
tides. --We hear of the oracle of Dodona at the time
of the Persian invasion (Hcrodot. , 9, 93), and again in
the reign ot Agesilaus, who consulted it previously to
his expedition into Asia. (Plut. , Apophthegm. Lacon. ,
p. 125. ) It is stated by Diodorus Siculus (14, 13),
that Lysander was accused openly of having offered to
bribe the priestess. The oracle which warned the
Molossian Alexander of his fate is well known from
J,ivy (8, 24). From Demosthenes we learn, that the
answers delivered from time to time to the Athenians
were laid up in the public archives; and he himself ap-
peals to their testimony on more than one occasion.
At length, during the Social war, Dodona was, ac-
cording to Polybius (4, 67), almost entirely destroyed
in an irruption of the ^Etolians, under their praetor
Borimachus, then at war with Epirus. "They set
fire," says the historian, "to the porches, destroyed
many of the offerings, anil pulled down the sacred edi-
fice. " It is probable that the temple of Dodona nev-
er recovered from this disaster, as in Strabo's time
there was scarcely any trace left of the oracle; but the
town must still have existed, us it is mentioned by
Hierocles among the cities of Epirus in the sevonth
. entury; and we hear of a bishop of Dodona in the
ccuncd of Ephesus. (Wessel. , ad Hierocl. , Synced. ,
p. 651 )--All accounts seem to agree that Dodona
stood either on the declivity or at the foot of an ele-
vated mountain called Tomarus or Tamarus. (Stra-
in, 328. ) Hence the term Tomuri, supposed to be a
contraction forTomaruri (Toftapoipot), or guardians of
Tomarus which was given to the priests of the temple
\Strabo, I c. ) In Callimachus (Hymn, in Cer. , 52)
we find the name of the mountain written Tmarus
IJ/wpnc) This lofty mountain was farther remarka-
ble for the number of streams which burst from i's
sides. (Pltn. , 4, 1. ) If, then, we had the means of
distinguishing the modern chain which answers to the
ancient Tomarus, we might easily discover the site of
Dodona, but the whole of Epirus being covered with
. ofty mountains, it is not easy to ascertain even this
point.
--(tor discussions on this interesting question,
consult Cramer's Anc. Greece, vol. 1, p. 115, seqq --
Wordsworth s Greece, p. 2i7. -- Walpole's Collection,
vol. 2, p. 473. --Hughes's Travels, vol. 1, p. 511 >--II
A city and oracle of Thcssaly. It has given rise to
much controversy whether Homer (11. , 2, 749) refers
to this or the city of Epirus, and the scholiasts and
commentators are divided in their opinions. Stcpha-
ins Byzantinus (s. v. Au6uvV) enters fully into the
discnssion, and quotes passages from several writers
on the antiquities of Thessaly, who all acknowledged
? city named Dodona or Bodona in that country:
whence the opinion has been entertained that the ora-
cle of Jupiter was afterward transferred to Epirus.
? ? Strabo (441) seems to adopt this notion, and affirms,
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? DOM
DOM
miede a. id Ulysses, who, on the part of the Greeks,
had been despatched on a similar expedition. Dolon,
having betrayed to them the situation and plans of the
Trojans, was put to death by Diomede for his treach-
ery. (Horn. , II. , 10, 314. --Virg. , JEn. , 12, 349. )
Doi. onci. a people of Thrace. (Herodot. , 6, 34. --
Vid. Miltiades. )
Dolohes, a people of Thossaly, who appear to have
been eap. y established in that southeastern angle of
Thessaly formed by the chain of Pindus, or rather
Tymphrestus, on one side, and Mount Othrys, branch-
ing out of it, on the other. By the latter mountain
they were separated from the /Unianes, who were in
possession of the upper valley of the Sperchius; while
to the west they bordered upon Phthiotis, with the in-
habitants of which country they were connected as
early as the siege of Troy. This we learn from Ho-
mer, who represents Phcenix, the Dolopian leader, as
accompanying Achilles thither in the double capacity
of preceptor and ally. (II. , 9, 480. --Pind. , ap. Slrab. ,
431. ) The Dolopians, according to Pausanias and
Harpocration, sent deputies to the Amphictyonic coun-
cil. From Herodotus we learn, that they presented
earth and water to Xerxes, and furnished some troops
for the expedition undertaken by that monarch into
Greece (7, 132 and 185). Xenophon, at a later peri-
od, enumerates them as subjects of Jason, tyrant of
Pherae. (Hist. Gr. , 6, 1. ) Diodorus Siculus informs
us that they took part in the Lamiac war (18,11). We
afterward find Dolopia a frequent subject of contention
between the . Etolians, who had extended their domin-
ion to the borders of this district, and the kings of
Macedonia. Hence the frequent incursions made by
the former people into this part of Thessaly when at
war with the latter power. (Liv. , 31, 12. --Id. , 33,
34. --Id. , 36, 38. ) Dolopia was finally conquered by
Perseus, the last Macedonian monarch. The cantons
? f Thaumako, Grituiano, and part of Agrapka, may-
be supposed to occupy the situation ascribed by an-
cient writers to the country of the Dolopians. (Cra-
mer'* Anc. Greece, vol. 1, p. 416 )
Domitia Lex, de Sacerdotiis, brought forward by
Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus, tribune of the commons,
A I-'. C. 650. It enacted that ihe vemtifiecs, augures,
and decemviri sacris faciendis should not be chosen by
the sacerdotal colleges, but by the people. The pon-
tifcx maximus and curio maximus were always, in the
first ages of the republic, chosen by the people. (Cic,
Hull. , 2, 7. --Liv. , 25, 5. --Id. , 27, 8. )
Domitia Gens, a celebrated plebeian family, divi-
ded into two branches, that of the Calvini and that of
the Ahenobarbi. The Calvini attained to the consular
office A. U. C. 422, the Ahenobarbi in 562. The latter,
at length, in the person of Nero, became invested with
imperial power; but with this emperor perished the
male line of the Domitii. Domitian only belonged to
this family through his mother Domitia.
Domitia, I. Lepida, aunt of Nero, was accused of ma-
gic and put to death (A. D. 54) through the intrigues
of Agrippina, who was jealous of her influence over
Nero (Tacit. , Ann. , 12, 64, sea. )--IT. , or Domitilla,
wife of Vespasian, by whom he had Titus and Domi-
no i. , and a daughter named Domitilla. She had been
Jie mistress of a Roman knight, and passed fey a freed
woman; but she was declared of free birth on having
been acknowledged by her father Flavius Liberalis,
who held the situation of scribe to one of the quxstors.
? ? She died before Vespasian came to the throne. (Sue-
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? DOM
V >>> wife were among the victims, In the lollowmg
? j <<, A. D. 96, a conspiracy was formed against De-
ft -tian among the officers of his guards and several of
hi<< iutimate friends, and his wife, the infamous Domi-
til'a, herself is said to have participated in it. The im-
mediate cause of it was his increasing suspicions, which
threatened the life of every one around him, and which
a*e said to have been stimulated by the predictions of
tjtrologers and soothsayers, whom he was very ready
to consult. He was killed in his apartments by sev-
eral of the conspirators, after struggling with them for
some '. ime, in his 45th year, and in the fifteenth of his
reign. On the news of his death, the senate assem-
bled and elected M. Cocceius Nerva emperer. --The
character of Domitian is represented by all ancient
oistorians in the darkest colours, as being a compound
of timidity and cruelty, of dissimulation and arrogance,
of self-indulgence and stern severity towards others.
He gave himself op to every excess, and plunged into
the most degrading vices. Conceiving at last the mad
idea of arrogating divine honours to himself, he as-
sumed the titles of Lord and God, and claimed to be
a son of Minerva. Soon after he had succeeded to
the government, he indulged in that love of solitude,
which pride and fear combined to render in a very
short time the most confirmed of all his habits. In
the beginning of his reign, says his biographer, he ac-
customed himself to spend several hours every day in
the strictest privacy, employed frequently in nothing
else than in catching flies, and piercing them with a
sharp instrument. Hence the well-known remark
made by Vibius Crispus, who, when asked whether
there was any one with the emperor, replied, " No, not
even a fly" Domitian took a delight in inspiring oth-
ers with terror; and Dio Cassius tells of a singular
banquet, to which he invited the principal members
of the senate and equestrian order, where everything
wore the appearance of an intended execution. He
once even convened the senate to determine in what
way a large turbot shou. 'l be cooked, whether whole
or divided. And yet at one time, before his becoming
emperor, Domitian had applied himself to literature,
and he is said to have composed several poems and
other works. --The senate, after his death, issued a de-
cree that his name should be struck out of the Roman
annals, and obliterated from every public monument.
? Tacit. , Hist. , 3, 59, scqq. -- Id. ib. , 4, 2, scqq. --
Sutton. , Vit. Domit. --Dio Cat:, 67. --Plin. ,Epist. ,
4, 11. --Id. , Paneg. , 52, 6, &c--Juv. , Sat. , 4, 37,
too. )
Domitilla. Vid. Domitia II.
Domitius, I. Ahenobarbus, the first of the Domitian
family that bore the surname*of Ahenobarbus, lived
about the beginning of the sixth century from the
founding of the city. --II. Cneius Ahenobarbus, son of
the preceding, was plebeian a;dile A. U. C. 558, B. C.
196; prator A. U. C. 560; and consul A. U. C. 562.
(Liv. , 33,42-- Id, 49, 35, &c>--III. Cneius Ahen-
jbaibus, was consul B. C. 122. He conquered 3i-
<<uitus, general of the Arverni, slaying 20,000 and ma-
king 3000 prisoners. On his return to Rome he ob-
tained a iriumph. -- IV. Lucius Ahenobarbus, was
quaestor B. C. 66, and prator some years after. In the
rear 54 B. C. he attained to the consulship. He and
Lentulus were the first to oppose Caesar in his inva-
<<on of Italy. Betrayed by his own troops into the
osnds of the conqueror at the capture of Corfinium,
be received his liberty, and again raising a little army
? ? at his own expense, sustained a siege at Massilia. Es-
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? nuR
no (us
exist m bis day, but that some identified i with an oj
scure town named Oluris, in the Messenian district of
Aulon (350). This may have been the spot alluded to
ny Pausanias. Homer (11. , 2, 594) assigns Dorium
to the dominions of Nestor. Hesiod seems to have
adopvjd a different tradition from other poets, since he
removes the scene of the story of Thamyris to Dotium
in Thesaaly (ap. Steph. Byz. , s. v. Aurtov.
