know that in his
description
of Asia he stated the xii.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - a
n.
inhabitants of Elaeus as an atonement for the out- 205. )
rage he had committed on the tomb of l’rotesilaus, 2. Of Ascalox, wrote a history of Bithynia,
and 200 more as a ransom for himself and his son. and is mentioned by Stephanus of Byzantium (s. v.
But the inhabitants would not accept any other 'Aonalwv) as one of the distinguished persons of
atonement than his life, and Xanthippus was obliged that place.
to give him up to them. Artayctes was then 3. Or CNIDUS, a son of Theopompns, and a
nailed to a cross, and his son stoned to death before friend of Julius Caesar (Stmb. xiv. p. 656), was a
his eyes. (Herod. vii. 33, 78, ix. 116, 118-120; rhetorician, and taught the Greek language at
Paus. i. 4. § 5. )
(L. S. ] Rome. At the time when the plot was formed
ARTAYNTE ('AptauvTn), a daughter of against the life of Caesar, B. C. 43, Artemidorus,
Masistes, the brother of Xerxes I. Xerxes gave who had heard of it, cautioned Caesar by a letter,
her in marriage to his son Darcius, but he himself and urged him to take care of himself; but the
was in love with her, and on one occasion was warning was not heeded. (Plut. Cacs. 65; Zu-
obliged, by his own imprudent promise, to give her naras, vol. i. p. 491, ed. Paris. )
a robe which he had received as a present from 4. DALDIANUS, was a native of Ephesus, but is
his wife Amastris. Thus the king's paramour be- usually called Daldianus (Aandavós), to distin-
came known, and Amastris, fancying that the love guish him from the geographer Artemidorus (Lu-
affair was the work of the wiſe of Masistes, took cian, Philopatr. 22), since his mother was born at
the most cruel vengeance upon her. (Herod. ix. Daldia or Daldis, a small town in Lydia. Arie-
108-110. ) Maximus Tyrius (xxvi. 7) confounds midorus himself also preferred the surname of
the two women, Amastris and Artaynte. (Comp. Daldianus (Oneirocr. iii. 66), which seems to have
Tzetz, Chil. ii. 6. )
(L. S. ] been a matter of pride with him, as the Daldian
ARTAYNTES ('Aptavrons), one of the gene | Apollo Mystes gave him the especial commission
rals in the army of Xerxes. When Xerxes had to write a work on dreams. (Oncirocr. ii. 70. )
returned to Asia after the battle of Salamis, He lived at Rome in the reign of Antoninus Pius
Artayntes, Ithamitres, and some other generals, and M. Aurelius, as we may infer from several
sailed to Samos in order to watch the Ionians, and passages of his work (i. 28, 66, iv. ? ), though
in the hope that the land-force under Mardonius in some writers have placed him in the reign of Con-
northern Greece might still be successful. But stantine, and others identify him with the friend
after the battles of Plataene and Mycale, in B. C. of Pliny the younger, and son-in-law of Musonius.
479, Artayntes and Ithamitres took to flight. (Plin. Epist. iii. 11. ) But the passages of Artemi-
While Artayntes was passing through Asia, he dorus's own work cited above, place the question
was met by Masistes, the brother of Xerxes, who beyond all doubt. Artemidorus is the author of a
censured him severely for his cowardly flight. work on the interpretation of dreams ('Oveipokp-
Artayntes, enraged, drew his sword and would Tiká), in five books, which is still extant. He
have killed Masistes, had he not been saved by collected the materials for this work by very ex-
Xeinagoras, a Greek, who seized Artayntes at the tensive reading (he asserts that he had read all
moment and threw him on the ground, for which the books on the subject), on his travels through
act he was liberally rewarded. (Herod. viii. 130, Asia, Greece, Italy, and the Grecian islands.
ix. 102, 107. )
(L. S. ] (Oneir. Prooem. lib. i. ) He himself intimates that
ARTEʻMBARES ('Apteubdons), a Median of he had written several works, and from Suidas
noble rank, whose son, according to the story and Eudocia we may infer, that one was called
about the youth of the great Cyrus, was one of the viwvoo Kotiká, and the other xeIPOO Kofoná. Along
playmates of Cyrus. Cyrus chastised him for his with his occupations on these subjects, he also
want of obedience in their play ; and Artembares, practised as a physician. From his work on
indignant at the conduct of Cyrus, who was be dreams, it is clear that he was acquainted with
liered to be a mere shepherd's boy, complained to the principal productions of more ancient writers
king Astyages, and thus became the means of dis- on the subject, and his object is to prove, that
covering that Cyrus was the son of Mandane and in dreams the future is revealed to man, and to
the grandson of Astyages. (Herod. i. 114-116. ) | clear the science of interpreting them from the
Two Persians of this name occur in Herodotus abuses with which the fashion of the time had
(ix. 122), and Aeschylus. (Pers. 29, 204. ) [L. S. ] surrounded it. He does not attempt to establish
ARTEMICHA. (CLEINIS. )
his opinion by philosophical reasoning, but by
ARTEMIDOʻRUS ('Apteuidwpos). 1. Sur appealing to facts partly recorded in history, partly
named ARISTOPHANIUS, and also Pseudo-Aristo derived from oral tradition of the people, and partly
phanius, from his being a disciple of the celebrated from his own experience. On the last point he
grammarian Aristophanes, of Byzantium at Alex. places great reliance, especially as he believed that
andria. Artemidorus himself was, therefore, a he was called to his task by Apollo. (ii. 70. )
contemporary of Aristarchus, and likewise a gram- This makes him conceited, and raises him above
marian. He is mentioned by Athenaeus (iv. p. all fear of censure. The first two books are dedi-
182) as the author of a work hepi Awpidos, the cated to Cassius Maximus. The third and fourth
nature of which is not clear, and of he fees or gwo are inscribed to his son. The fifth book is, pro-
oai dựaptUtikal, that is, a dictionary of technical perly speaking, an independent work, the title of
terms and expressions used in the art of cookery. which is nepi dveipw avabaoewv, and which con-
(Athen. i. p. 5, ix. p. 387, xiv. pp. 602, 603; tains a collection of interesting dreams, which
Suidas, s. tr. , "Apteulowpos and Touaxíðas ; Ero- were believed to have been realized. The style of
tian in Adorov. ) Some MSS. of Theocritus con- the work is simple, correct, and elegant; and this
## p. 374 (#394) ############################################
37+
ARTEMIDORUS.
ARTEMIDORUS.
9
together with the circumstance that Artemidorus or lexicographical works reference is made by the
has often occasion to allude to or explain ancient Scholiast on Aristophanes (l'esp. 1] 39,1164, 1231;
manners and usages, give to it a peculiar value. Comp. Phot. s. 7. Teutateur ; Etym. M. s. rr. apis-
The work has also great interest, because it shews | Kvôns and apuq), though the work or works here
us in what manner the ancients symbolized and in- referred to may also belong to No. 1.
terpreted certain events of ordinary life, which, when 10. Of TRALLES, a celebrated pugilist, who
well understood, throws light on various points of lived about A. D. 69. (Paus. vi. 14. § 1; Martial,
ancient mythology. The first edition of the Onei- vi. 77. )
rocritica is that of Aldus, Venice, 1518, 8vo. ; the 11. The author of elegies on love. (rep putos,
next is that of Rigaltius (Paris, 1603, 4to. ), which Eratosth. Catast. 31. ) There are many more per-
contains a valuable commentary ; however, it sons of the name of Arteinidorus who are mentioned
goes down only to the 68th chapter of the second in ancient writers; but as nothing is known about
book. The last edition is that of J. G. Reiff, them, we refer to the list in Fabricius (Bill. Grucc.
Leipzig, 1805, 2 vols. 8vo. It contains the notes v. p. 263), to which some supplements are given
of Rigaltius, and some by Reiske and the editor. by Van Goens. (l. c. )
(L. S. )
5. A MEGAric philosopher, who, according to ARTEMIDOʻRUS('Apteulowpos). 1. A Greek
Diogenes Laërtius (ix. 53), wrote a work against physician, quoted by Caelius Aurelianus (De Morb.
Chrysippus.
Acut. ii. 31, ini. 14, 15, pp. 146, 224, 227), who was
6. Of EPHESUS, a Greek geographer, who lived a native of Side in Pamphylia, and a follower of
about B. c. 100. He made voyages round the Erasistratus. He must have lived some time between
coasts of the Mediterranean, in the Red Sea, and the third century B. c. and the second century
apparently even in the southern ocean. He also after Christ. He may perhaps be the person
visited Iberia and Gaul, and corrected the accounts quoted by Galen without any distinguishing epi-
of Eratosthenes respecting those countries. We thet (De Compos. Medicam. sec. Locos, v. 3, vol.
know that in his description of Asia he stated the xii. p. 828), but he is probably not the same person
distances of places from one another, and that the as the Artemidorus oiwvloths who is mentioned by
countries beyond the river Tanais were unknown the same author. (Comment. in Hippocr. “ De Rut.
to him. The work in which he gave the results Vict. in Mort. Ac. " i. 15. vol. xv. p. 444. )
of his investigations, is called by Marcianus of 2. ARTEMIDORU'S CAPITO ('Apremiowpos ó
Heracleia, a nepíthous, and seems to be the same Karítwn), a Greek physician and grammarian
as the one more commonly called td yewypapou at Rome, in the reign of the emperor Hadrian,
μενα, Or τα της γεωγραφίας βιβλία. It consisted A. D. 117–138, who published an edition of the
of eleven books, of which Marcianus afterwards works of Hippocrates, which Galen tells us (Com-
made an abridgement. The original work, which ment. in Hippocr. “ De Nat. Hom. " vol. xv. p. 21)
was highly valued by the ancients, and is quoted was not only much valued by the emperor liim-
in innumerable passages by Strabo, Stephanus of self, but was also much esteemed even in Galen's
Byzantium, Pliny, Isidorus, and others, is lost ; time. He is, however, cused of making con-
but we possess many small fragments and some siderable changes in the text, and of altering the
larger ones of Marcianus' abridgement, which con- old readings and modernizing the language. He
tain the periplus of the Pontus Euxeinus, and ac- was a relation of Dioscorides, who also edited the
counts of Bithynia and Paphlagonia. The loss of works of Hippocrates, and he is frequently men-
this important work is to be regretted, not only on tioned by Galen. (Comment. in Hippocr. De
account of the geographical information which it Humor. " vol. xvi. p. 2; Gloss. Hippocr. rol. xix.
contained, but also because the author entered into p. 83, &c. ) He may perhaps be the person some-
the description of the manners and costumes of times quoted simply by the name of Capito.
the nations he spoke of. The fragments of Arte (Capito. )
midorus were first collected and published by D. 3. ARTEMIDOR US Cornelius, a physician, who
Hüschel in his Geographica, Aug. Vindel. 1600, was born at Perga in Pamphylia, or, according to
4to. The best collection is that in Hudson's Geo- some editions of Cicero, at Pergamus in Mrsia.
graphi Minores, vol. i. Two small fragments, not He was one of the unprincipled agents of Verres,
contained in Hudson, have been published by Van whom he first assisted in his robbery of the temple
Goens in his edition of Porphyrius's Antrum Num- of Diana at Perga, when he was legatus to Cn.
pharum, p. 87, and a third, containing a descrip-Dolabella in Cilicia, B. C. 79 (Cic. 2 Verr. i. 20,
tion of the Nile is printed in Aretin's Beiträge zur iii. 21); and afterwards attended him in Sicily
Gesch. und Lit. vol. ii. p. 49, &c. (Vossius, de during his praetorship, B. C. 72–69, where, among
Hist. Graec. p. 185, with the notes of Wester- other infamous acts, he was one of the judges
mann. ), Athenaeus (iii. p. 111) ascribes to this (recuperatores) in the case of Nympho. His ori-
Artemidorus a work entitled 'Iwvind út ouvnuata. ginal name appears to have been Artemidorus; he
(Comp. Ukert, Geogr. der Griech. u. Rom. i. 2, p. was probably at first a slave, and afterwards, on
141, &c. , 250. )
being freed by his master, (perhaps Cn. Cornelius
7. A son-in-law of Musonius, the philosopher, Dolabella,) took the name of Cornelius. Cicero
was himself likewise a philosopher, and a friend of calls him in one place “ Cornelius medicus” (2
Pliny the younger, one of whose letters (iii. 11) is Verr. iii. 11), in another “ Artemidorus Pergaeus”
full of his praise.
(c. 21), and in a third “ Artemidorus Cornelius
8. Of PARION, an astronomer, whose views of (c. 49); but it is plain thai in each passage he
his science are recorded by Seneca. (Quaest. Nat. refers to the same individual, though Ernesti has
i. 4, vii. 13. )
in his Inder Historicus considered them as three
9. Of Tarsus, a grammarian, whom Strabo different persons.
(W. A. G. ]
(xiv. p. 675) mentions as one of the distinguished ARTEMIDO'RUS, a painter, who lived at the
persons of that place. It is not impossible that he close of the first century after Christ. (Martial,
may be the same as the one to whose grammatical | v. 40. )
[C. P. M. ]
99
## p. 375 (#395) ############################################
ARTEMIS.
375
ARTEMIS.
A'RTEMIS (“Apteuis), one of the great divini- | the forests of the mountains. Artemis thus also
ties of the Greeks. Her name is usually derived came to be regarded as the goddess of the flocks
from dpteuńs, uninjured, healthy, vigorous ; accord and the chase : she is the huntress among the in-
ing to which she would be the goddess who is her mortals ; she is called the stag-killer (én aoneónos),
self inviolate and vigorous, and also grants strength the lover of the tumult connected with the chase
and health to others. (Plat. Crutyl. p. 406, b. ; (kehadeurs), and dypótepa. (1. xxi. 511, 405,
Strab. xiv. p. 635; Eustath. ad Hom. pp. 32, 577, &c. ; Hom. Hymn. in Dian. 10. ) Artemis is
1732. ) According to the Homeric account and moreover, like Apollo, unmarried ; she is a maiden-
Hesiod (Theog. 916) she was the daughter of Zeus divinity never conquered by love. (Soph. Elect.
and Leto, whence Aeschylus (Sept. 148) calls her 1220. ) The priests and priestesses devoted to her
Antwyévelg. She was the sister of Apollo, and service were bound to live pure and chaste, and
born with him at the same time in the island of trangressions of their vows of chastity were severely
Delos. According to a tradition which Pausanias punished. (Paus. vii. 19. § 1. viii. 13. $ 1. ) She
(viii. 37. $ 3) found in Aeschylus, Artemis was a was worshipped in several places together with hier
daughter of Demeter, and not of Leto, while ac brother; and the worship of both divinities was
cording to an Egyptian story (Herod. ii. 156) she believed to have come from the Hyperboreans, and
was the daughter of Dionysus and Isis, and Leto Hyperborean maidens brought sacrifices to Delos.
was only her nurse. But these and some other (Herod. ii. 32, 35. ) The laurel was sacred to
legends are only the results of the identification of both divinities, and both were regarded as the
the Greek Artemis with other local or foreign founders and protectors of towns and streets.
divinities. The place of her birth is for the same (Paus. i. 38. § 6, iii. 24. § 6, viii. 36, in fin. ;
reason not the same in all traditions : some say Aeschyl. Sept. 450 ; Callim. Hymn. in Dian. 34. )
that it was the grove of Ortygia near Ephesus There are, however, some points also, in which
(Tacit. Annal. ij. 61; Schol. au Pind. Nem. i. I), there is no resemblance between Artemis and
others that it was Crete (Diod. v. 72), and others Apollo: she has nothing to do with music or
again, that she was the sister of Apollo, but born poetry, nor is there any trace of her having been
somewhat earlier, so that she was able to assist regarded as an oracular divinity like Apollo. Re-
Leto in giving birth to A pollo. (Orph Hymn. 34. specting the real and original character of Artemis
5; Spanheim, ad Cullim. p. 476, &c. ) In the de- as the sister of Apollo, we encounter the same
scription of the nature and character of this god- difficulties as those mentioned in the article
dess, it is necessary to distinguish between the APOLLO, viz. as to whether she was a purely spi-
different points of view from which the Greeks ritual and ethical divinity, as Müller thinks, or
regarded her, and also between the really Greek whether she was the representative of some power
Artemis and certain foreign divinities, who for in physical nature; and the question must be
some resemblance or another were identified by decided here in the same manner as in the case of
the Greeks with their own Artemis,
Apollo.
inhabitants of Elaeus as an atonement for the out- 205. )
rage he had committed on the tomb of l’rotesilaus, 2. Of Ascalox, wrote a history of Bithynia,
and 200 more as a ransom for himself and his son. and is mentioned by Stephanus of Byzantium (s. v.
But the inhabitants would not accept any other 'Aonalwv) as one of the distinguished persons of
atonement than his life, and Xanthippus was obliged that place.
to give him up to them. Artayctes was then 3. Or CNIDUS, a son of Theopompns, and a
nailed to a cross, and his son stoned to death before friend of Julius Caesar (Stmb. xiv. p. 656), was a
his eyes. (Herod. vii. 33, 78, ix. 116, 118-120; rhetorician, and taught the Greek language at
Paus. i. 4. § 5. )
(L. S. ] Rome. At the time when the plot was formed
ARTAYNTE ('AptauvTn), a daughter of against the life of Caesar, B. C. 43, Artemidorus,
Masistes, the brother of Xerxes I. Xerxes gave who had heard of it, cautioned Caesar by a letter,
her in marriage to his son Darcius, but he himself and urged him to take care of himself; but the
was in love with her, and on one occasion was warning was not heeded. (Plut. Cacs. 65; Zu-
obliged, by his own imprudent promise, to give her naras, vol. i. p. 491, ed. Paris. )
a robe which he had received as a present from 4. DALDIANUS, was a native of Ephesus, but is
his wife Amastris. Thus the king's paramour be- usually called Daldianus (Aandavós), to distin-
came known, and Amastris, fancying that the love guish him from the geographer Artemidorus (Lu-
affair was the work of the wiſe of Masistes, took cian, Philopatr. 22), since his mother was born at
the most cruel vengeance upon her. (Herod. ix. Daldia or Daldis, a small town in Lydia. Arie-
108-110. ) Maximus Tyrius (xxvi. 7) confounds midorus himself also preferred the surname of
the two women, Amastris and Artaynte. (Comp. Daldianus (Oneirocr. iii. 66), which seems to have
Tzetz, Chil. ii. 6. )
(L. S. ] been a matter of pride with him, as the Daldian
ARTAYNTES ('Aptavrons), one of the gene | Apollo Mystes gave him the especial commission
rals in the army of Xerxes. When Xerxes had to write a work on dreams. (Oncirocr. ii. 70. )
returned to Asia after the battle of Salamis, He lived at Rome in the reign of Antoninus Pius
Artayntes, Ithamitres, and some other generals, and M. Aurelius, as we may infer from several
sailed to Samos in order to watch the Ionians, and passages of his work (i. 28, 66, iv. ? ), though
in the hope that the land-force under Mardonius in some writers have placed him in the reign of Con-
northern Greece might still be successful. But stantine, and others identify him with the friend
after the battles of Plataene and Mycale, in B. C. of Pliny the younger, and son-in-law of Musonius.
479, Artayntes and Ithamitres took to flight. (Plin. Epist. iii. 11. ) But the passages of Artemi-
While Artayntes was passing through Asia, he dorus's own work cited above, place the question
was met by Masistes, the brother of Xerxes, who beyond all doubt. Artemidorus is the author of a
censured him severely for his cowardly flight. work on the interpretation of dreams ('Oveipokp-
Artayntes, enraged, drew his sword and would Tiká), in five books, which is still extant. He
have killed Masistes, had he not been saved by collected the materials for this work by very ex-
Xeinagoras, a Greek, who seized Artayntes at the tensive reading (he asserts that he had read all
moment and threw him on the ground, for which the books on the subject), on his travels through
act he was liberally rewarded. (Herod. viii. 130, Asia, Greece, Italy, and the Grecian islands.
ix. 102, 107. )
(L. S. ] (Oneir. Prooem. lib. i. ) He himself intimates that
ARTEʻMBARES ('Apteubdons), a Median of he had written several works, and from Suidas
noble rank, whose son, according to the story and Eudocia we may infer, that one was called
about the youth of the great Cyrus, was one of the viwvoo Kotiká, and the other xeIPOO Kofoná. Along
playmates of Cyrus. Cyrus chastised him for his with his occupations on these subjects, he also
want of obedience in their play ; and Artembares, practised as a physician. From his work on
indignant at the conduct of Cyrus, who was be dreams, it is clear that he was acquainted with
liered to be a mere shepherd's boy, complained to the principal productions of more ancient writers
king Astyages, and thus became the means of dis- on the subject, and his object is to prove, that
covering that Cyrus was the son of Mandane and in dreams the future is revealed to man, and to
the grandson of Astyages. (Herod. i. 114-116. ) | clear the science of interpreting them from the
Two Persians of this name occur in Herodotus abuses with which the fashion of the time had
(ix. 122), and Aeschylus. (Pers. 29, 204. ) [L. S. ] surrounded it. He does not attempt to establish
ARTEMICHA. (CLEINIS. )
his opinion by philosophical reasoning, but by
ARTEMIDOʻRUS ('Apteuidwpos). 1. Sur appealing to facts partly recorded in history, partly
named ARISTOPHANIUS, and also Pseudo-Aristo derived from oral tradition of the people, and partly
phanius, from his being a disciple of the celebrated from his own experience. On the last point he
grammarian Aristophanes, of Byzantium at Alex. places great reliance, especially as he believed that
andria. Artemidorus himself was, therefore, a he was called to his task by Apollo. (ii. 70. )
contemporary of Aristarchus, and likewise a gram- This makes him conceited, and raises him above
marian. He is mentioned by Athenaeus (iv. p. all fear of censure. The first two books are dedi-
182) as the author of a work hepi Awpidos, the cated to Cassius Maximus. The third and fourth
nature of which is not clear, and of he fees or gwo are inscribed to his son. The fifth book is, pro-
oai dựaptUtikal, that is, a dictionary of technical perly speaking, an independent work, the title of
terms and expressions used in the art of cookery. which is nepi dveipw avabaoewv, and which con-
(Athen. i. p. 5, ix. p. 387, xiv. pp. 602, 603; tains a collection of interesting dreams, which
Suidas, s. tr. , "Apteulowpos and Touaxíðas ; Ero- were believed to have been realized. The style of
tian in Adorov. ) Some MSS. of Theocritus con- the work is simple, correct, and elegant; and this
## p. 374 (#394) ############################################
37+
ARTEMIDORUS.
ARTEMIDORUS.
9
together with the circumstance that Artemidorus or lexicographical works reference is made by the
has often occasion to allude to or explain ancient Scholiast on Aristophanes (l'esp. 1] 39,1164, 1231;
manners and usages, give to it a peculiar value. Comp. Phot. s. 7. Teutateur ; Etym. M. s. rr. apis-
The work has also great interest, because it shews | Kvôns and apuq), though the work or works here
us in what manner the ancients symbolized and in- referred to may also belong to No. 1.
terpreted certain events of ordinary life, which, when 10. Of TRALLES, a celebrated pugilist, who
well understood, throws light on various points of lived about A. D. 69. (Paus. vi. 14. § 1; Martial,
ancient mythology. The first edition of the Onei- vi. 77. )
rocritica is that of Aldus, Venice, 1518, 8vo. ; the 11. The author of elegies on love. (rep putos,
next is that of Rigaltius (Paris, 1603, 4to. ), which Eratosth. Catast. 31. ) There are many more per-
contains a valuable commentary ; however, it sons of the name of Arteinidorus who are mentioned
goes down only to the 68th chapter of the second in ancient writers; but as nothing is known about
book. The last edition is that of J. G. Reiff, them, we refer to the list in Fabricius (Bill. Grucc.
Leipzig, 1805, 2 vols. 8vo. It contains the notes v. p. 263), to which some supplements are given
of Rigaltius, and some by Reiske and the editor. by Van Goens. (l. c. )
(L. S. )
5. A MEGAric philosopher, who, according to ARTEMIDOʻRUS('Apteulowpos). 1. A Greek
Diogenes Laërtius (ix. 53), wrote a work against physician, quoted by Caelius Aurelianus (De Morb.
Chrysippus.
Acut. ii. 31, ini. 14, 15, pp. 146, 224, 227), who was
6. Of EPHESUS, a Greek geographer, who lived a native of Side in Pamphylia, and a follower of
about B. c. 100. He made voyages round the Erasistratus. He must have lived some time between
coasts of the Mediterranean, in the Red Sea, and the third century B. c. and the second century
apparently even in the southern ocean. He also after Christ. He may perhaps be the person
visited Iberia and Gaul, and corrected the accounts quoted by Galen without any distinguishing epi-
of Eratosthenes respecting those countries. We thet (De Compos. Medicam. sec. Locos, v. 3, vol.
know that in his description of Asia he stated the xii. p. 828), but he is probably not the same person
distances of places from one another, and that the as the Artemidorus oiwvloths who is mentioned by
countries beyond the river Tanais were unknown the same author. (Comment. in Hippocr. “ De Rut.
to him. The work in which he gave the results Vict. in Mort. Ac. " i. 15. vol. xv. p. 444. )
of his investigations, is called by Marcianus of 2. ARTEMIDORU'S CAPITO ('Apremiowpos ó
Heracleia, a nepíthous, and seems to be the same Karítwn), a Greek physician and grammarian
as the one more commonly called td yewypapou at Rome, in the reign of the emperor Hadrian,
μενα, Or τα της γεωγραφίας βιβλία. It consisted A. D. 117–138, who published an edition of the
of eleven books, of which Marcianus afterwards works of Hippocrates, which Galen tells us (Com-
made an abridgement. The original work, which ment. in Hippocr. “ De Nat. Hom. " vol. xv. p. 21)
was highly valued by the ancients, and is quoted was not only much valued by the emperor liim-
in innumerable passages by Strabo, Stephanus of self, but was also much esteemed even in Galen's
Byzantium, Pliny, Isidorus, and others, is lost ; time. He is, however, cused of making con-
but we possess many small fragments and some siderable changes in the text, and of altering the
larger ones of Marcianus' abridgement, which con- old readings and modernizing the language. He
tain the periplus of the Pontus Euxeinus, and ac- was a relation of Dioscorides, who also edited the
counts of Bithynia and Paphlagonia. The loss of works of Hippocrates, and he is frequently men-
this important work is to be regretted, not only on tioned by Galen. (Comment. in Hippocr. De
account of the geographical information which it Humor. " vol. xvi. p. 2; Gloss. Hippocr. rol. xix.
contained, but also because the author entered into p. 83, &c. ) He may perhaps be the person some-
the description of the manners and costumes of times quoted simply by the name of Capito.
the nations he spoke of. The fragments of Arte (Capito. )
midorus were first collected and published by D. 3. ARTEMIDOR US Cornelius, a physician, who
Hüschel in his Geographica, Aug. Vindel. 1600, was born at Perga in Pamphylia, or, according to
4to. The best collection is that in Hudson's Geo- some editions of Cicero, at Pergamus in Mrsia.
graphi Minores, vol. i. Two small fragments, not He was one of the unprincipled agents of Verres,
contained in Hudson, have been published by Van whom he first assisted in his robbery of the temple
Goens in his edition of Porphyrius's Antrum Num- of Diana at Perga, when he was legatus to Cn.
pharum, p. 87, and a third, containing a descrip-Dolabella in Cilicia, B. C. 79 (Cic. 2 Verr. i. 20,
tion of the Nile is printed in Aretin's Beiträge zur iii. 21); and afterwards attended him in Sicily
Gesch. und Lit. vol. ii. p. 49, &c. (Vossius, de during his praetorship, B. C. 72–69, where, among
Hist. Graec. p. 185, with the notes of Wester- other infamous acts, he was one of the judges
mann. ), Athenaeus (iii. p. 111) ascribes to this (recuperatores) in the case of Nympho. His ori-
Artemidorus a work entitled 'Iwvind út ouvnuata. ginal name appears to have been Artemidorus; he
(Comp. Ukert, Geogr. der Griech. u. Rom. i. 2, p. was probably at first a slave, and afterwards, on
141, &c. , 250. )
being freed by his master, (perhaps Cn. Cornelius
7. A son-in-law of Musonius, the philosopher, Dolabella,) took the name of Cornelius. Cicero
was himself likewise a philosopher, and a friend of calls him in one place “ Cornelius medicus” (2
Pliny the younger, one of whose letters (iii. 11) is Verr. iii. 11), in another “ Artemidorus Pergaeus”
full of his praise.
(c. 21), and in a third “ Artemidorus Cornelius
8. Of PARION, an astronomer, whose views of (c. 49); but it is plain thai in each passage he
his science are recorded by Seneca. (Quaest. Nat. refers to the same individual, though Ernesti has
i. 4, vii. 13. )
in his Inder Historicus considered them as three
9. Of Tarsus, a grammarian, whom Strabo different persons.
(W. A. G. ]
(xiv. p. 675) mentions as one of the distinguished ARTEMIDO'RUS, a painter, who lived at the
persons of that place. It is not impossible that he close of the first century after Christ. (Martial,
may be the same as the one to whose grammatical | v. 40. )
[C. P. M. ]
99
## p. 375 (#395) ############################################
ARTEMIS.
375
ARTEMIS.
A'RTEMIS (“Apteuis), one of the great divini- | the forests of the mountains. Artemis thus also
ties of the Greeks. Her name is usually derived came to be regarded as the goddess of the flocks
from dpteuńs, uninjured, healthy, vigorous ; accord and the chase : she is the huntress among the in-
ing to which she would be the goddess who is her mortals ; she is called the stag-killer (én aoneónos),
self inviolate and vigorous, and also grants strength the lover of the tumult connected with the chase
and health to others. (Plat. Crutyl. p. 406, b. ; (kehadeurs), and dypótepa. (1. xxi. 511, 405,
Strab. xiv. p. 635; Eustath. ad Hom. pp. 32, 577, &c. ; Hom. Hymn. in Dian. 10. ) Artemis is
1732. ) According to the Homeric account and moreover, like Apollo, unmarried ; she is a maiden-
Hesiod (Theog. 916) she was the daughter of Zeus divinity never conquered by love. (Soph. Elect.
and Leto, whence Aeschylus (Sept. 148) calls her 1220. ) The priests and priestesses devoted to her
Antwyévelg. She was the sister of Apollo, and service were bound to live pure and chaste, and
born with him at the same time in the island of trangressions of their vows of chastity were severely
Delos. According to a tradition which Pausanias punished. (Paus. vii. 19. § 1. viii. 13. $ 1. ) She
(viii. 37. $ 3) found in Aeschylus, Artemis was a was worshipped in several places together with hier
daughter of Demeter, and not of Leto, while ac brother; and the worship of both divinities was
cording to an Egyptian story (Herod. ii. 156) she believed to have come from the Hyperboreans, and
was the daughter of Dionysus and Isis, and Leto Hyperborean maidens brought sacrifices to Delos.
was only her nurse. But these and some other (Herod. ii. 32, 35. ) The laurel was sacred to
legends are only the results of the identification of both divinities, and both were regarded as the
the Greek Artemis with other local or foreign founders and protectors of towns and streets.
divinities. The place of her birth is for the same (Paus. i. 38. § 6, iii. 24. § 6, viii. 36, in fin. ;
reason not the same in all traditions : some say Aeschyl. Sept. 450 ; Callim. Hymn. in Dian. 34. )
that it was the grove of Ortygia near Ephesus There are, however, some points also, in which
(Tacit. Annal. ij. 61; Schol. au Pind. Nem. i. I), there is no resemblance between Artemis and
others that it was Crete (Diod. v. 72), and others Apollo: she has nothing to do with music or
again, that she was the sister of Apollo, but born poetry, nor is there any trace of her having been
somewhat earlier, so that she was able to assist regarded as an oracular divinity like Apollo. Re-
Leto in giving birth to A pollo. (Orph Hymn. 34. specting the real and original character of Artemis
5; Spanheim, ad Cullim. p. 476, &c. ) In the de- as the sister of Apollo, we encounter the same
scription of the nature and character of this god- difficulties as those mentioned in the article
dess, it is necessary to distinguish between the APOLLO, viz. as to whether she was a purely spi-
different points of view from which the Greeks ritual and ethical divinity, as Müller thinks, or
regarded her, and also between the really Greek whether she was the representative of some power
Artemis and certain foreign divinities, who for in physical nature; and the question must be
some resemblance or another were identified by decided here in the same manner as in the case of
the Greeks with their own Artemis,
Apollo.
