in 1462; exiled with
his family to Serres, near Adrianople ; put to death with nearly
all his children by order of the Sultan, probably in 1466.
his family to Serres, near Adrianople ; put to death with nearly
all his children by order of the Sultan, probably in 1466.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - a
Alexis, illegitimate, Sebastocrator;
Bela, prince of Hungary; daugh- [Alexis II. ); born married Irene, natural daughter of An-
married, in 1180, Ray- ter ; 1167; began to reign dronicus I. Comnenus and Theodora
ner, 2nd son of William, died 1180; married, in 1179, Comnena; destined to succeed Andro-
marquis of Monteferrato, young. Anna, or Agnes, daugh- nicus I. , by whom he was afterwards
called Alexis, afterwards
ter of Louis VII. , king blinded for conspiracy ; though blind,
Caesar ; both put to death
of France; put to death created Caesar by Isaac II. ; for some
by Andronicus I.
by Andronicus I. in time a monk; a learned and highly gifted
1183.
man, of whom no issue is known.
(See Du Cange, Familiae Byzantinae, pp. 169–189. )
From above. V. Issue of ISAAC SEBASTOCRATOR, founder of the Imperial branch of the COMNENI OP
TREBIZOND.
The history of the Emperors of Trebizond was almost entirely unknown till the publication of Pro-
fessor Fallmerayer's Geschichte des Kaiserthums von Trapezunt, one of the most important historical
productions of our days. The accounts which Du Cange and Gibbon gire of these emperors is in many
respects quite erroneous; but these writers are to be excused, since they could not avail themselves of
several Oriental works perused by Fallmerayer, and especially of two Greek MSS. which the German
professor discovered at Venice, viz. , A Chronicle of the imperial palace at Trebizond, by Panaretus, and
a work on Trebizond by the celebrated Cardinal Bessarion. It would not be compatible with the plan
of the present work to give the lives of the Emperors of Trebizond, but it has been thought advisable
to give at least their genealogy, and thus to assist those who should wish to investigate the history and
tragical fall (in 1462) of the last independent remnant of Greek and Roman power. As there are no
genealogical tables in Fallmerayer's work, the writer has brought together all his separate statements
respecting the genealogy of the family, and the following genealogical table of the Comneni of Trebizond
is thus the first that has yet been printed.
V. Isaac Sebastocrator, Caesar,
third son of Alexis I. , and third brother and favourite of the Emperor Calo-Joannes.
In consequence of some slanders against his character, he fied to the Sultan of Iconium, with his son
Joannes, returned, enjoyed again the confidence of Calo-Joannes, lost it once more, was imprisoned,
but released by the emperor Manuel, and died in possession of the highest civil and military honours,
leaving behind him the reputation of having been one of the most virtuous and able men of his time.
Died after 1143.
1
). Joannes ;
returned from Iconium, whither he had fied with his father;
but, for some insult shewn to him, abandoned the Greeks
for ever, adopted the Mohammedan religion, settled at Ico-
nium, and married Camero (? ), daughter of Sultan Mazuthi
(Mesúd I); called by the Turks-Seljuks Zelebis (Chelebi),
that is, “ the Nobleman. " This Joannes, as was said by
Mohammed II. , sultan of the Turks-Osmanlis, the conqueror
of Constantinople, and repeated by most of the Turkish
historians, was the ancestor of the sultans of Turkey,
leaving issue, viz. Soliman Shah.
3. A son.
1
Isaac;
put to death
by Isaac II.
Angelus
2. Andronicus, Emperor
[ANDRONICUS I. ]; born
about 1112; began to
reign 1182—3; put to
death 1785; married
I. name unknown; 2.
Theodora Comnena, con-
cubine ; 3. Philippa,
daughter of Raymond,
prince of Antiochi, and
widow of Baldwin III. ,
king of Jerusalem, con-
cubine (wife? ); 4. An-
na or Agnes, daughter
of Louis VII. , king of
France, and widow of
the emperor Alexis II.
1
Ertóghrúl.
Osman,
the well-known founder of the present reigning dynasty
in Turkey. These three persons are all historical, but their
descent from John Comnenus is more than doubtful.
a
## p. 823 (#843) ############################################
COMNENUS
823
COMNENUS.
a
3. Maria.
4. Thamar.
1. Manuel Sebastocrator;
opposed the cruel policy of
his father; put to death
by Israc il. Angelus ;
married Irene.
1
2. Joannes ; born in prison,
about 1166; destined to
succeed his father; put to
death by Isaac II. An-
gelus, in 1186.
5. Alexis, and 6. Irene;
both illegitimate. Irene
married Alexis, the ille-
gitimate son of the em-
peror Manuel.
1. Alexis I. , FIRST EMPEROR OF TREBIZOND ; born 1182; car-
ried with his younger brother, by their aunt Thamar, to Trebi-
zond, thence to the Caucasus; conquered Trebizond and a great
part of Asia Minor in 1204 ; emperor in the same year; died
in 1222; married Theodora.
2. David, a great general ;
his brother's chief sup-
port ; died without issue,
probably in 1215.
1. A daughter; married
Andronicus I. Gidon Com-
nenus(11. ),* Emperor, of
unknown parentage, who
succeeded Alexis I. , and
reigned 13 years; died
probably in 1235.
2. (111. ) Joannes I. Axuchus, Em-
peror ; succeeded Andronicus I.
probably in 1235; reigned 3 years;
died probably in 1238.
1
(IV. ) Joannicus; Emp. succ. his father
probably in 1238 ; confined in a
convent shortly afterwards by his
uncle Manuel
3. (V. ) Manuel I. , Emperor ;
succ. his nephew Joanniens,
probably in 1238 ; formed an
alliance with the Mongols;
reigned 25 years ;
died
March, 1263; marr. 1. Anna
Xylaloe ; 2. Irene; 3. Prin-
cess of Iberia.
1. (VI. ) Andronicus II.
Emperor, succeeded
his father Manuel in
1263; reigned three
years ; died probably
in 1266.
2. (VII. ) George, Em-
peror, succeeded his
brother Andronicus
II. probably in 1266;
reigned 14 years;
died
probably in 1280.
3. (VIII. ) Joannes II. , Emperor, 4 Theo-
succeeded his brother George, pro- dora.
bably in 1280; reigned 18 years;
died in 1297 or 1298; married, in
1282, Eudoxia, daughter of Michael
Palaeologus, emperor of Constantinople.
.
1. (IX. ) Alexis II. , Emp. ; born in 1283 ; succ. his father Joannes 2. (XVI. ) Michael, 3. George.
II. in 1297 or 1298; died in 1330; married a princess of Iberia Emp. ; sent to Con-
1
stantinople; fruitless attempt to
seize the crown; imprisoned ;
1. (X. ) Andronicus 2. (XII. ) Basil I. Emp. ; 3. (XIV. ) Anna ;
succeeded his son Joannes IJI.
III. , Emp. ; succ. sent to Constantinople ; first a nun, then in March, 1334 ; deposed and
his father Alexis returned ; deposed his
queen of Imere-
confined in a convent, in De-
II. in 1330; reign-
nephew Manuel II. in thia; wrested cember, 1349.
ed 20 months. 1333; died in 1340 ; the crown from
1
1
married, 1, Irene(XIII. ) Irene in 1341; (XV. ) Joannes III. , Emp. ; bomi
(XI. ) Manuel II. , natural daughter of An- strangled by Jo-
about 1322; wrested the crown
Emp. eight years
dronicus II. , emperor of annes III. (XV)
from the empress Anna in Sep
old; succ. his father Constantinople ; repudi-
tember, 1342 ; confined in a
Andronicus III. ; ated soon afterwards ; seized the crown in convent in March 1344 by the
deposed in 1333 1340; reigned 15 months; deposed and sent nobles who put his father Mi-
by his uncle Ba- to Constantinople by Anna (XIV. ); 2. Irene,
chael on the throne.
sil.
a lady of Trebizond, by whom he had issue
2. Calo-
Joannes.
1. (XVII. ) Alexis III. Joannes, Emp. ;
born 1338 ; succeeded Michael in 1349;
died 1390(? ); married Theodora Canta-
cuzena; bumbled by the Genoese ; under
him lived Panaretus, mentioned above.
3. Maria, married in
1351 Kutlu Bey,
chief of the White
Horde.
4. Theodora, mar-
ried in 1357 Haj-
Emír, chief of
Chalybia.
a
The Roman numerals indicate the order
crown.
which the members of the family succeeded to the
## p. 824 (#844) ############################################
824
CONCORDIA.
CONCOLERUS.
a
1. (XVIII. ) Manuel, Emperor,
born 1364, Caesar 1376 ; suc-
ceeded his father 1390 (? );
submitted to Timur; died
1412; married Eudoxia, daugh-
ter of David, king of Georgia.
2. Eudoxin, married Ja-
tines or Zetines, a Turkish
emir, and after his death
John V. Palaeologus,
Emperor of Constanti-
nople.
3. Annan,
married
Bagrat VI. ,
king of
Georgia.
4. A daughter,
married Tahar
tan or Zahra-
tan, emir of
Arsinga.
(XIX. ) Alexis IV. , Emperor ; succeeded his father in 1412; murdered between 1445 and 1449 ;
married a Cantacuzenian princess.
(XX. ) 1. Joannes
IV. (Calo-Joannes),
Emp. ; deposed and
killed his father
between 1445 and
1449; paid tribute
to the Turks; died
1458 ; married a
daughter of Alex-
ander, king of Ibe-
ria.
2. Alexander,
married a
daughter of
Gatteluzzi,
prince of
Lesbos.
|
A Son, whose
life was spared
by Mohamined
II.
peror of
3. (XXII. ) David, the last 4. Maria, 5. A daughter
Emperor of Trebizond; seized married married a Tur-
the crown from his nephew John VII. koman emir in
Alexis V. in 1458 ; married Palaeolo- Persia.
1. Maria Theodora, of the
gus, em-
6. A danghter;
house of the Theodori, princes
married George
of Gothia in the Crimea ; Constan- Brancowicz, kral
2. Helena (Irene), daughter tinople.
(king) of Servia.
of Matthaeus, and grand-
daughter of John VI. Cantacuzenus, emperor of Constantino
ple; deposed by Sultan Mohammed II.
in 1462; exiled with
his family to Serres, near Adrianople ; put to death with nearly
all his children by order of the Sultan, probably in 1466.
(XXI. ) 1. Alexis V. , born 1454 ; succeeded
his father 1458 ; deposed in the same year
by his uncle David ; put to death by
Sultan Mohammed II. after 1462.
2. A daughter,
married Nicolo
Crespo, duke of
the Archipelago.
3. Catharina, married
Usun Hasán, Emír of
Diyarbekr, Sultan of
Mesopotamia.
1-7. Seven sons, put to 8. George, the youngest ; said to have adopted 9. Anna, her life was
death with their father the Mohammedan religion; his life was spared ; she married a
at Adrianople.
spared, but his fate is doubtful.
Turkish chief.
A branch of the Comnenian family became ex- | CONCOLITANUS (Koykolltavos), a king of
tinct at Rome in 1551; another branch flourished the Gallic people called Gaesati, and colleague of
in Savoy, and became extinct in 1784. Demetrius Aneroëstus, together with whom he made war
Comnenus, a captain in the French army, whose against the Romans, B. c. 225. (ANEROESTUS. )
descendants are still alive, pretended to be de- In the battle in which they were defeated, Conco-
scended from Nicephorus, one of the sons of the litanus was taken prisoner. (Polyb. ii. 31. ) [E. E. ]
last emperor of Trebizond, David, whose life, ac- CONCOʻRDIA, a Roman divinity, the personi-
cording to him was spared by Mohammed, and fication of concord. She had several temples at
his parentage and name were recognized by letters- Rome, and one was built as early as the time of
patent of Louis XVI. , king of France. But his Furius Camillus, who vowed and built it in com-
claims will hardly stand a critical examination, memoration of the reconciliation between the patri.
notwithstanding many so-called authentic docu- cians and plebeians. (Plut. Cum. 42; Ov. Fast. i.
ments which he published in a rather curious 639. ) This temple, in which frequent meetings of
work, “ Précis historiqne de la Maison Impériale the senate were held, but which appears to have
des Comnènes, avec Filiation directe et reconnue fallen into decay, was restored by Livia, the wife
par Lettres-Patentes du Roi du mois d'Avril, 1782, of Augustus, and was consecrated by her son,
depuis David, dernier empereur de Trebizonde, Tiberius, A. D. 9, after his victory over the Panno-
jusqu'à Demetrius Comnène," Amsterdam, 1784, nians. (Suet. Tib. 20; Dion Cass. 1v. 17. ) In the
8vo. (Fallmerayer, Geschichte des Kaiserthums von reign of Constantine and Maxentius, the temple
Trapezunt. )
(W. P. ) was burnt down, but was again restored. A second
COMUŚ (Kwuos), occurs in the later times of temple of Concordia was built by Cn. Flavius on
antiquity as the god of festive mirth and joy. He the area of the temple of Vulcan (Liv. ix. 46, xl.
was represented as a winged youth, and Philo-19; Plin. H. N. xxxii. 6), and a third was vowed
stratus (Icon. i. 2) describes him as he appeared in by L. Manlius during a seditious commotion among
a painting, drunk and languid after a repast, his his troops in Gaul, and was afterwards erected on
head sunk on his breast; he was slumbering in the Capitoline hill. (Liv. xxii. 33. ) Concordia is
a standing attitude, and his legs were crossed. represented on several coins as a natron, sometimes
(Hirt, Mythol. Bilderb. ii. p. 224. ) [L. S. ) standing and sometimes sitting, and holding in her
CONCOʻLERUS (Koykóa epos), the Greek left hand a cornucopia, and in her right either an
name of Sardanapalus. (Polyb. Fragm. ix. ) Other olive branch or a patera. (Comp. Ov. Fast. vi. 9);
forms of the name are Kovoo Koykóropos (see Suid. Varr. L. L. v. 73, ed. Müller; Cic. de Nat. Deor.
s. 2. ) and OwvooKoykóhepos.
(E. E. ] ii. 23; Hirt, Mythol, Bilderb. ii. p. 108. ) (LS. )
## p. 825 (#845) ############################################
CONON.
025
COXON.
:
CONDIA'NUS, SEX. QUINTI'LIUS, and sander at Aegos-Potami (B. c. 405), Conon alone
SEX. QUINTI'LIUS MAXIMUS, two bro of the generals was on his guard. He escaped
thers remarkable for their mutual affection, high with eight ships, and sought an asylum in Cyprus,
rharacter, learning, military skill, and wealth, who which was governed by his friend Evagoras. (Xen.
flourished under the Antonines. They were con-
Hell. ii. 1. & 20, &c. ; Diod. xiii. 106; Corn. Nep.
suls together in A. D. 151; were subsequently Conon, 1—3. ) Here he remained for some years,
joint governors, first of Achain, and afterwards of till the war which the Spartans commenced against
Pannonia ; they addressed a joint epistle to M. the Persians gave him an opportunity of serving
Aurelius, to which he gave a rescript (Dig. 38. his country. There is some difficulty in reconcil-
tit. 2. s. 16. § 4); they wrote jointly a work upon ing the accounts which we have left of his pro-
agriculture frequently quoted in the Geoponica ; ceedings. He appears to have connected himself
and, having been inseparable in life, were not with Pharnabazus (Com. Nep. Con. 2), and it was
divided in death, for they both fell victims at the on the recommendation of the latter, according to
same time to the cruelty of Commodus, guiltless of Diodorus (xiv. 39) and Justin (vi. 1), that he was
any crime, but open to the suspicion that, from appointed by the Persian king to the command of
their high fame and probity, they must have felt the fleet in B. C. 397. From Ctesias (Pers. 63) it
disgusted with the existing state of affairs and would appear, that Conon opened a negotiation
eager for a change.
with the Persian court while at Salamis, and
Sex. CONDiNUS, son of Maximus, is said Ctesias was sent down to him with a letter em-
to have been in Syria at the period of his father's powering him to raise a fleet at the expense of the
death, and, in anticipation of his own speedy de Persian treasury, and to act as admiral under
struction, to have devised an ingenions trick for Pharnabazus. He was first attacked, though
escape. The story, as told by Dion Cassius, is without success, by Pharax, the Lacedaemonian
amusing and romantic, but bears the aspect of a admiral, while lying at Caunus, and soon after
fable. (Lamprid. Commod. 4, and Casaubon's succeeded in detaching Rhodes from the Spartan
note; Dion Cass. lxxii. 5, and Reimarus's note; alliance. (Diod. xiv. 79. ) Though he received
Philostrat. V'il. Sophist. ii. 1. & 11; Need ham, Pro' considerable reinforcements, the want of supplies
logom. ad Geoponica, Cantab. 1704. ) (W. R. ) kept him inactive. (Isocr. Paneg. C. 39. ) He
CONISALUS (Kovío anos), a daemon, who to- therefore made a journey to the Persian court in
gether with Orthanes and Tychon appeared in the 395. The king granted him all that he want-
train of Priapus. (Aristoph. Lys. 983 ; Athen. x. ed, and at his request appointed Pharnabazus
p. 441; Strab. xiii. 'p. 588; Hesych. s. v. ) [L. S. ) | as his colleague. (Diod. xiv. 8); Isocr. Paneg.
CO'NIUS (Kórios), the god who excites or c. 39 ; Corn. Nep. Con. 2—4; Justin, vi. 2. ) In
makes dust, a surname of Zeus, who had an un- B. C. 394, they gained a decisive victory over Pi-
covered temple under this name in the arx of sander, the Spartan admiral, off Cnidus.
Bela, prince of Hungary; daugh- [Alexis II. ); born married Irene, natural daughter of An-
married, in 1180, Ray- ter ; 1167; began to reign dronicus I. Comnenus and Theodora
ner, 2nd son of William, died 1180; married, in 1179, Comnena; destined to succeed Andro-
marquis of Monteferrato, young. Anna, or Agnes, daugh- nicus I. , by whom he was afterwards
called Alexis, afterwards
ter of Louis VII. , king blinded for conspiracy ; though blind,
Caesar ; both put to death
of France; put to death created Caesar by Isaac II. ; for some
by Andronicus I.
by Andronicus I. in time a monk; a learned and highly gifted
1183.
man, of whom no issue is known.
(See Du Cange, Familiae Byzantinae, pp. 169–189. )
From above. V. Issue of ISAAC SEBASTOCRATOR, founder of the Imperial branch of the COMNENI OP
TREBIZOND.
The history of the Emperors of Trebizond was almost entirely unknown till the publication of Pro-
fessor Fallmerayer's Geschichte des Kaiserthums von Trapezunt, one of the most important historical
productions of our days. The accounts which Du Cange and Gibbon gire of these emperors is in many
respects quite erroneous; but these writers are to be excused, since they could not avail themselves of
several Oriental works perused by Fallmerayer, and especially of two Greek MSS. which the German
professor discovered at Venice, viz. , A Chronicle of the imperial palace at Trebizond, by Panaretus, and
a work on Trebizond by the celebrated Cardinal Bessarion. It would not be compatible with the plan
of the present work to give the lives of the Emperors of Trebizond, but it has been thought advisable
to give at least their genealogy, and thus to assist those who should wish to investigate the history and
tragical fall (in 1462) of the last independent remnant of Greek and Roman power. As there are no
genealogical tables in Fallmerayer's work, the writer has brought together all his separate statements
respecting the genealogy of the family, and the following genealogical table of the Comneni of Trebizond
is thus the first that has yet been printed.
V. Isaac Sebastocrator, Caesar,
third son of Alexis I. , and third brother and favourite of the Emperor Calo-Joannes.
In consequence of some slanders against his character, he fied to the Sultan of Iconium, with his son
Joannes, returned, enjoyed again the confidence of Calo-Joannes, lost it once more, was imprisoned,
but released by the emperor Manuel, and died in possession of the highest civil and military honours,
leaving behind him the reputation of having been one of the most virtuous and able men of his time.
Died after 1143.
1
). Joannes ;
returned from Iconium, whither he had fied with his father;
but, for some insult shewn to him, abandoned the Greeks
for ever, adopted the Mohammedan religion, settled at Ico-
nium, and married Camero (? ), daughter of Sultan Mazuthi
(Mesúd I); called by the Turks-Seljuks Zelebis (Chelebi),
that is, “ the Nobleman. " This Joannes, as was said by
Mohammed II. , sultan of the Turks-Osmanlis, the conqueror
of Constantinople, and repeated by most of the Turkish
historians, was the ancestor of the sultans of Turkey,
leaving issue, viz. Soliman Shah.
3. A son.
1
Isaac;
put to death
by Isaac II.
Angelus
2. Andronicus, Emperor
[ANDRONICUS I. ]; born
about 1112; began to
reign 1182—3; put to
death 1785; married
I. name unknown; 2.
Theodora Comnena, con-
cubine ; 3. Philippa,
daughter of Raymond,
prince of Antiochi, and
widow of Baldwin III. ,
king of Jerusalem, con-
cubine (wife? ); 4. An-
na or Agnes, daughter
of Louis VII. , king of
France, and widow of
the emperor Alexis II.
1
Ertóghrúl.
Osman,
the well-known founder of the present reigning dynasty
in Turkey. These three persons are all historical, but their
descent from John Comnenus is more than doubtful.
a
## p. 823 (#843) ############################################
COMNENUS
823
COMNENUS.
a
3. Maria.
4. Thamar.
1. Manuel Sebastocrator;
opposed the cruel policy of
his father; put to death
by Israc il. Angelus ;
married Irene.
1
2. Joannes ; born in prison,
about 1166; destined to
succeed his father; put to
death by Isaac II. An-
gelus, in 1186.
5. Alexis, and 6. Irene;
both illegitimate. Irene
married Alexis, the ille-
gitimate son of the em-
peror Manuel.
1. Alexis I. , FIRST EMPEROR OF TREBIZOND ; born 1182; car-
ried with his younger brother, by their aunt Thamar, to Trebi-
zond, thence to the Caucasus; conquered Trebizond and a great
part of Asia Minor in 1204 ; emperor in the same year; died
in 1222; married Theodora.
2. David, a great general ;
his brother's chief sup-
port ; died without issue,
probably in 1215.
1. A daughter; married
Andronicus I. Gidon Com-
nenus(11. ),* Emperor, of
unknown parentage, who
succeeded Alexis I. , and
reigned 13 years; died
probably in 1235.
2. (111. ) Joannes I. Axuchus, Em-
peror ; succeeded Andronicus I.
probably in 1235; reigned 3 years;
died probably in 1238.
1
(IV. ) Joannicus; Emp. succ. his father
probably in 1238 ; confined in a
convent shortly afterwards by his
uncle Manuel
3. (V. ) Manuel I. , Emperor ;
succ. his nephew Joanniens,
probably in 1238 ; formed an
alliance with the Mongols;
reigned 25 years ;
died
March, 1263; marr. 1. Anna
Xylaloe ; 2. Irene; 3. Prin-
cess of Iberia.
1. (VI. ) Andronicus II.
Emperor, succeeded
his father Manuel in
1263; reigned three
years ; died probably
in 1266.
2. (VII. ) George, Em-
peror, succeeded his
brother Andronicus
II. probably in 1266;
reigned 14 years;
died
probably in 1280.
3. (VIII. ) Joannes II. , Emperor, 4 Theo-
succeeded his brother George, pro- dora.
bably in 1280; reigned 18 years;
died in 1297 or 1298; married, in
1282, Eudoxia, daughter of Michael
Palaeologus, emperor of Constantinople.
.
1. (IX. ) Alexis II. , Emp. ; born in 1283 ; succ. his father Joannes 2. (XVI. ) Michael, 3. George.
II. in 1297 or 1298; died in 1330; married a princess of Iberia Emp. ; sent to Con-
1
stantinople; fruitless attempt to
seize the crown; imprisoned ;
1. (X. ) Andronicus 2. (XII. ) Basil I. Emp. ; 3. (XIV. ) Anna ;
succeeded his son Joannes IJI.
III. , Emp. ; succ. sent to Constantinople ; first a nun, then in March, 1334 ; deposed and
his father Alexis returned ; deposed his
queen of Imere-
confined in a convent, in De-
II. in 1330; reign-
nephew Manuel II. in thia; wrested cember, 1349.
ed 20 months. 1333; died in 1340 ; the crown from
1
1
married, 1, Irene(XIII. ) Irene in 1341; (XV. ) Joannes III. , Emp. ; bomi
(XI. ) Manuel II. , natural daughter of An- strangled by Jo-
about 1322; wrested the crown
Emp. eight years
dronicus II. , emperor of annes III. (XV)
from the empress Anna in Sep
old; succ. his father Constantinople ; repudi-
tember, 1342 ; confined in a
Andronicus III. ; ated soon afterwards ; seized the crown in convent in March 1344 by the
deposed in 1333 1340; reigned 15 months; deposed and sent nobles who put his father Mi-
by his uncle Ba- to Constantinople by Anna (XIV. ); 2. Irene,
chael on the throne.
sil.
a lady of Trebizond, by whom he had issue
2. Calo-
Joannes.
1. (XVII. ) Alexis III. Joannes, Emp. ;
born 1338 ; succeeded Michael in 1349;
died 1390(? ); married Theodora Canta-
cuzena; bumbled by the Genoese ; under
him lived Panaretus, mentioned above.
3. Maria, married in
1351 Kutlu Bey,
chief of the White
Horde.
4. Theodora, mar-
ried in 1357 Haj-
Emír, chief of
Chalybia.
a
The Roman numerals indicate the order
crown.
which the members of the family succeeded to the
## p. 824 (#844) ############################################
824
CONCORDIA.
CONCOLERUS.
a
1. (XVIII. ) Manuel, Emperor,
born 1364, Caesar 1376 ; suc-
ceeded his father 1390 (? );
submitted to Timur; died
1412; married Eudoxia, daugh-
ter of David, king of Georgia.
2. Eudoxin, married Ja-
tines or Zetines, a Turkish
emir, and after his death
John V. Palaeologus,
Emperor of Constanti-
nople.
3. Annan,
married
Bagrat VI. ,
king of
Georgia.
4. A daughter,
married Tahar
tan or Zahra-
tan, emir of
Arsinga.
(XIX. ) Alexis IV. , Emperor ; succeeded his father in 1412; murdered between 1445 and 1449 ;
married a Cantacuzenian princess.
(XX. ) 1. Joannes
IV. (Calo-Joannes),
Emp. ; deposed and
killed his father
between 1445 and
1449; paid tribute
to the Turks; died
1458 ; married a
daughter of Alex-
ander, king of Ibe-
ria.
2. Alexander,
married a
daughter of
Gatteluzzi,
prince of
Lesbos.
|
A Son, whose
life was spared
by Mohamined
II.
peror of
3. (XXII. ) David, the last 4. Maria, 5. A daughter
Emperor of Trebizond; seized married married a Tur-
the crown from his nephew John VII. koman emir in
Alexis V. in 1458 ; married Palaeolo- Persia.
1. Maria Theodora, of the
gus, em-
6. A danghter;
house of the Theodori, princes
married George
of Gothia in the Crimea ; Constan- Brancowicz, kral
2. Helena (Irene), daughter tinople.
(king) of Servia.
of Matthaeus, and grand-
daughter of John VI. Cantacuzenus, emperor of Constantino
ple; deposed by Sultan Mohammed II.
in 1462; exiled with
his family to Serres, near Adrianople ; put to death with nearly
all his children by order of the Sultan, probably in 1466.
(XXI. ) 1. Alexis V. , born 1454 ; succeeded
his father 1458 ; deposed in the same year
by his uncle David ; put to death by
Sultan Mohammed II. after 1462.
2. A daughter,
married Nicolo
Crespo, duke of
the Archipelago.
3. Catharina, married
Usun Hasán, Emír of
Diyarbekr, Sultan of
Mesopotamia.
1-7. Seven sons, put to 8. George, the youngest ; said to have adopted 9. Anna, her life was
death with their father the Mohammedan religion; his life was spared ; she married a
at Adrianople.
spared, but his fate is doubtful.
Turkish chief.
A branch of the Comnenian family became ex- | CONCOLITANUS (Koykolltavos), a king of
tinct at Rome in 1551; another branch flourished the Gallic people called Gaesati, and colleague of
in Savoy, and became extinct in 1784. Demetrius Aneroëstus, together with whom he made war
Comnenus, a captain in the French army, whose against the Romans, B. c. 225. (ANEROESTUS. )
descendants are still alive, pretended to be de- In the battle in which they were defeated, Conco-
scended from Nicephorus, one of the sons of the litanus was taken prisoner. (Polyb. ii. 31. ) [E. E. ]
last emperor of Trebizond, David, whose life, ac- CONCOʻRDIA, a Roman divinity, the personi-
cording to him was spared by Mohammed, and fication of concord. She had several temples at
his parentage and name were recognized by letters- Rome, and one was built as early as the time of
patent of Louis XVI. , king of France. But his Furius Camillus, who vowed and built it in com-
claims will hardly stand a critical examination, memoration of the reconciliation between the patri.
notwithstanding many so-called authentic docu- cians and plebeians. (Plut. Cum. 42; Ov. Fast. i.
ments which he published in a rather curious 639. ) This temple, in which frequent meetings of
work, “ Précis historiqne de la Maison Impériale the senate were held, but which appears to have
des Comnènes, avec Filiation directe et reconnue fallen into decay, was restored by Livia, the wife
par Lettres-Patentes du Roi du mois d'Avril, 1782, of Augustus, and was consecrated by her son,
depuis David, dernier empereur de Trebizonde, Tiberius, A. D. 9, after his victory over the Panno-
jusqu'à Demetrius Comnène," Amsterdam, 1784, nians. (Suet. Tib. 20; Dion Cass. 1v. 17. ) In the
8vo. (Fallmerayer, Geschichte des Kaiserthums von reign of Constantine and Maxentius, the temple
Trapezunt. )
(W. P. ) was burnt down, but was again restored. A second
COMUŚ (Kwuos), occurs in the later times of temple of Concordia was built by Cn. Flavius on
antiquity as the god of festive mirth and joy. He the area of the temple of Vulcan (Liv. ix. 46, xl.
was represented as a winged youth, and Philo-19; Plin. H. N. xxxii. 6), and a third was vowed
stratus (Icon. i. 2) describes him as he appeared in by L. Manlius during a seditious commotion among
a painting, drunk and languid after a repast, his his troops in Gaul, and was afterwards erected on
head sunk on his breast; he was slumbering in the Capitoline hill. (Liv. xxii. 33. ) Concordia is
a standing attitude, and his legs were crossed. represented on several coins as a natron, sometimes
(Hirt, Mythol. Bilderb. ii. p. 224. ) [L. S. ) standing and sometimes sitting, and holding in her
CONCOʻLERUS (Koykóa epos), the Greek left hand a cornucopia, and in her right either an
name of Sardanapalus. (Polyb. Fragm. ix. ) Other olive branch or a patera. (Comp. Ov. Fast. vi. 9);
forms of the name are Kovoo Koykóropos (see Suid. Varr. L. L. v. 73, ed. Müller; Cic. de Nat. Deor.
s. 2. ) and OwvooKoykóhepos.
(E. E. ] ii. 23; Hirt, Mythol, Bilderb. ii. p. 108. ) (LS. )
## p. 825 (#845) ############################################
CONON.
025
COXON.
:
CONDIA'NUS, SEX. QUINTI'LIUS, and sander at Aegos-Potami (B. c. 405), Conon alone
SEX. QUINTI'LIUS MAXIMUS, two bro of the generals was on his guard. He escaped
thers remarkable for their mutual affection, high with eight ships, and sought an asylum in Cyprus,
rharacter, learning, military skill, and wealth, who which was governed by his friend Evagoras. (Xen.
flourished under the Antonines. They were con-
Hell. ii. 1. & 20, &c. ; Diod. xiii. 106; Corn. Nep.
suls together in A. D. 151; were subsequently Conon, 1—3. ) Here he remained for some years,
joint governors, first of Achain, and afterwards of till the war which the Spartans commenced against
Pannonia ; they addressed a joint epistle to M. the Persians gave him an opportunity of serving
Aurelius, to which he gave a rescript (Dig. 38. his country. There is some difficulty in reconcil-
tit. 2. s. 16. § 4); they wrote jointly a work upon ing the accounts which we have left of his pro-
agriculture frequently quoted in the Geoponica ; ceedings. He appears to have connected himself
and, having been inseparable in life, were not with Pharnabazus (Com. Nep. Con. 2), and it was
divided in death, for they both fell victims at the on the recommendation of the latter, according to
same time to the cruelty of Commodus, guiltless of Diodorus (xiv. 39) and Justin (vi. 1), that he was
any crime, but open to the suspicion that, from appointed by the Persian king to the command of
their high fame and probity, they must have felt the fleet in B. C. 397. From Ctesias (Pers. 63) it
disgusted with the existing state of affairs and would appear, that Conon opened a negotiation
eager for a change.
with the Persian court while at Salamis, and
Sex. CONDiNUS, son of Maximus, is said Ctesias was sent down to him with a letter em-
to have been in Syria at the period of his father's powering him to raise a fleet at the expense of the
death, and, in anticipation of his own speedy de Persian treasury, and to act as admiral under
struction, to have devised an ingenions trick for Pharnabazus. He was first attacked, though
escape. The story, as told by Dion Cassius, is without success, by Pharax, the Lacedaemonian
amusing and romantic, but bears the aspect of a admiral, while lying at Caunus, and soon after
fable. (Lamprid. Commod. 4, and Casaubon's succeeded in detaching Rhodes from the Spartan
note; Dion Cass. lxxii. 5, and Reimarus's note; alliance. (Diod. xiv. 79. ) Though he received
Philostrat. V'il. Sophist. ii. 1. & 11; Need ham, Pro' considerable reinforcements, the want of supplies
logom. ad Geoponica, Cantab. 1704. ) (W. R. ) kept him inactive. (Isocr. Paneg. C. 39. ) He
CONISALUS (Kovío anos), a daemon, who to- therefore made a journey to the Persian court in
gether with Orthanes and Tychon appeared in the 395. The king granted him all that he want-
train of Priapus. (Aristoph. Lys. 983 ; Athen. x. ed, and at his request appointed Pharnabazus
p. 441; Strab. xiii. 'p. 588; Hesych. s. v. ) [L. S. ) | as his colleague. (Diod. xiv. 8); Isocr. Paneg.
CO'NIUS (Kórios), the god who excites or c. 39 ; Corn. Nep. Con. 2—4; Justin, vi. 2. ) In
makes dust, a surname of Zeus, who had an un- B. C. 394, they gained a decisive victory over Pi-
covered temple under this name in the arx of sander, the Spartan admiral, off Cnidus.
