No More Learning

B. J. vii. 7. ) [See Vol. I.
LINA, p. 629, b. ] Paetus afterwards took an p. 194, b. ]
active part in the Catilinarian conspiracy, which The name of Caesennius Paetus, proconsul,
broke out in Cicero's consulship. After the sup- occurs on the coins of Ephesus and Smyrna
pression of the conspiracy Paetus was brought to struck in the reign of Domitian. This Caesennius
trial for the share he had had in it; he entreated Paetus may have been a son of the preceding
Cicero with many tears to undertake his defence, Paetus ; for Tacitus makes mention of one of his
pleading their early friendship, and their having sons who was with his father in Armenia (Ann.
been colleagues in the quaestorship, but this the xv. 10), and also of a son, apparently a different
orator refused (Cic. pro Sull. 6), and all his one, who was serving as tribune of the soldiers
former friends in like manner withdrew from him under Corbulo (Ann. xv, 28).
their support. He was accordingly condemned, PAETUS, L. CASTRI'NIUS, mentioned by
and went into exile at Epeirus, where he was Caelius in a letter to Cicero (ad Fam. viii. 2) in
living when Cicero himself went into banishment B. c. 51, may perhaps be the same person as the
in B. C. 58. Cicero was then much alarmed lest L. Castronius Paetus, the leading man in the
Paetus should make an attempt upon his life (Sall. municipium of Luca, whom Cicero recommended to
Cat. 17, 47; Dion Cass. xxxvii. 25; Cic. pro Brutus in B. C. 46 (ad Fam. xiii. 13).
Sull. passim ; Cic. ad Att. iii. 2, 7. ) Autronius PAETUS, C. CONSI'DIUS, known only
Paetus has a place in the list of orators in the from coins, a specimen of which is annexed. The
Brutus of Cicero, who however dismisses him with obverse represents the head of Venus, and the
the character, “ voce peracuta, atque magna, nec reverse a sella curulis.
alia re ulla probabilis" (c. 68).
2. P. AUTRONIUS Pastus, consul suffectus
B. C. 33 in place of Angustus, who resigned his
BIVŠ
office immediately after entering upon it on the
Kalends of January. (Fasti ; Appian, Iliyr. 28 ;
comp. Dion Cass. xlix. 43 ; Suet. Aug. 26. )
3. L. AUTRONIUS L. F. L. N. PAETUS is
FALTV3
stated in the Capitoline Fasti to have obtained
a triumph as proconsul from Africa in the month
of August, B. C. 29.
PAETUS, CAECINA. [CAECINA, No. 5. )
PAETUS, C. CAESE'NNIUS, sometimes PAETUS, L. PAPI'RIUS, a friend of Cicero,
called CAESO'NIUS, was consul A. D. 61 with to whom the latter has addressed several letters
C. Petronius Turpilianus. He was sent by Nero (ad Fam. ix. 15-26). From these letters it
in A. D. 63 to the assistance of Domitius Corbulo appears that Papirius Paetus belonged to the
(CORBULO), in order to defend Arinenia against Epicurean school, and that he was a man of
the attacks of Vologeses, king of Parthia. Arro- learning and intelligence. He is mentioned once
gant by nature, and confident of success, he or twice in Cicero's letters to Atticus (ad Atl. i. 20.
thought himself superior to the veteran Corbulo, $ 7, ii. 1. § 12).
and crossed the Taurus, boldly asserting that he PAETUS THRA'SEA. (THRASBA. ]
would recover Tigranocerta, which Corbulo had PAETUS, VALERIA'NUS, put to death by
been obliged to leave to its fate. This, however, Elagabalus. (Dion Cass. lxxix. 4. )
he was unable to accomplish ; but he took a few PAGASAEUS (Ilayacaios), i. e. the Pagasean,
fortified places, acquired some booty, and then, as from Pegasus, or Pegasae, a town in Thessaly, is a
the year was far advanced, led back his army into surname of Apollo, who there had a sanctuary said
winter-quarters, and sent to Nero a magnificent to have been built by Trophonius (Hes. Scut. Herc.
account of his exploits. But as Vologeses shortly 70, with the Schol. ), and of lason, because the
after appeared with a large force, Paetus marched ship Argo was said to have been built at Pagasus.
forth against him (according to Dion Cassius, (ov. Met. vii. ), Her. xvi. 345. ) [L. S. ]
with the view of relieving Tigranocerta), but after PAGONDAS (Παγώνδας). 1. A native of
losing a few troops he hastily withdrew across Thebes who gained the victory in the chariot-
mount Taurus, leaving 3000 soldiers to defend the race with entire horses, in the twenty-fifth
passes of the mountain. These troops, however, Olympind, on which occasion that species of con-
COIN OF C. CONSIDIUS PAETUS.
3
63


## p. 86 (#102) #############################################

86
PALAEOLOGUS.
PALAEOLOGU'S.
test was introduced for the first time. (Paus. v. 8. compass of the present work ; and we can only
$ 7. )
mention the leading Palaeologi spoken of in
2. The father of Pindar, according to Eustathius Byzantine history. A full account of all of them
(Prooem. Comment. Pind. ).
is given by Du Cange, where all the authorities
3. A native of Thebes, the son of Aeoladas. for the following particulars are collected (Familiae
He was one of the Boeotarchs in the year B. C. 424, Byzantinae, pp. 230—318).
when the Athenian expedition to Delium took 1. NICEPHORUS PALAEOLOGU's, with the title
place. After the fortification of Delium the Athe- of Hypertimus, was a faithful servant of the
nian troops received orders to return, and the emperor Nicephorus III. Botaniates (A. D. 1078
light troops proceeded without stopping to Attica. -1081), and was rewarded by him with the
The heavy-armed infantry halted a short distance government of Mesopotamia He perished in
from Delium to wait for the Athenian general battle in the reign of his successor Alexius I.
Hippocrates. Meantime the Boeotian forces bad Comnenus, while defending Dyrrhachium (Du-
assembled at Tanagra. Most of the Boeotarchs razzo) against the Normans, a. D. 1081.
were unwilling to attack the Athenians. But 2. GEORGIUS PALAEOLOGUS, the son of the
Pagondas, who was one of the two Theban Boeo preceding, was celebrated for his military abilities,
tarchs, and was commander-in-chief of the Boeotian and served with his father under the emperors
forces, wishing that the chance of a battle should Nicephorus III. and Alexius I. He married
be tried, by an appeal to the several divisions of Irene, the daughter of the Protovestiarius Andro-
the army persuaded the troops to adopt his views. nicus Ducas.
His harangue is reported by Thucydides (iv. 92). 3. MICHAEL PALAEOLOGU'S, with the title of
The day being far advanced, he led the main body Sebastus, probably a son of No. 2, was banished
of his troops at full speed to meet the Athenians, by Calo-Joannes or Joannes II. Comnenus, the
despatching one portion to keep in check the successor of Alexius I. Comnenus (A. D. 1118–
cavalry stationed by Hippocrates at Delium ; and, 1143), but was recalled from banishment by
having reached a spot where he was only sepa- Manuel I. Comnenus, the successor of Cala
rated by a hill from the enemy, he drew up his Joannes. He commanded the Greek forces in
army in battle array, and reached the summit of southern Italy, and carried on war with success
the ridge when the Athenian line was scarcely against William, king of Sicily, but died in 1155,
formed. As the Boeotian troops halted to take in the middle of his conquesis, at the town of
breath Pagondas again harangued them. The Bari, which he had taken a short time before.
Theban division, which was twenty-five deep, bore 4. GEORGIUS PALAEOLOGU'S, with the title of
down all opposition, and the appearance of two Sebastus, a contemporary of No. 3, was employed
squadrons of Boeotian cavalry, which Pagondas by Manuel I. Comnenus in many important em-
had sent round the back of the hill to support his bassies. He is supposed by Du Cange to be the
left wing, threw the Athenians into complete con- same as the Georgius Palaeologus, who took part
fusion, and the rout became general. Seventeen in the conspiracy by which Isaac II. Angelus was
days after the battle the fortress at Delium dethroned, and Alexius III. Angelus raised to the
was also taken. (Thuc. iv. 91-96; Athen. v. p. I crown in 1195, and who was killed in the storming
215, f. )
of Crizimon in 1199.
4. A man of the name of Pagondas is spoken of 5. NicephorUS PALABOLOGUS, gorernor of
by Theodoretus (de Cur. Affect. Graec. lib. ix. ), as a Trapezus, about a. D. 1179.
legislator among the Achaeans. But as nothing 6. ANDRONICUS PALAEOLOGUS, married the
further is known of him, and Pagondas is a name eldest daughter of the emperor Theodorus Lascaris.
that does not elsewhere appear in use among the 7. ALEXIUS PALAEOLOG US, married Irene, the
Achaeans, all those bearing the name of whom eldest daughter of Alexius III.
Angelus, and was
we have any certain knowledge being Boeotians, destined by this emperor as his successor, but he
it has been conjectured with some probability died shortly before the arrival of the Crusaders at
that the name Pagondas in the passage of Theo- Constantinople.
doretus has been substituted through some mis- 8. ANDRONICUS PALAEOLOGUS, the ancestor of
take for Charondas. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. ii. the imperial family of the Palaeologi, was Magnus
(C. P. M. ] Domesticus under the emperors Theodorus Las-
PALAEOʻLOGUS (Talaiolóyos), the name of caris and Joannes III. Vatatzes. He assumed
an illustrious Byzantine family, of which there are the surname of Comnenus, which was borne like
said to have been descendants still existing in the wise by his descendants. He married Irene
17th century (Du Cange, Familiae Byzantinae, p. Palaeologina, the daughter of Alexius Palaeologus
255). This family is first mentioned in the eleventh (No. 7), and the grand-daughter of the emperor
century (see below No. 1], and from that time down Alexius III. His children being thus descended,
to the downfall of the Byzantine empire the name both on their father's and mother's side, from the
constantly occurs. It was the last Greek family Palaeologi are called by Georgius Phranzes (i. 1)
that sat upon the throne of Constantinople, and it SA Notalalodóyou. The following stemma, which
reigned uninterruptedly from the year 1260 to has been drawn up by Wilken (in Ersch and
1453, when Constantinople was taken by the Gruber's Encyklopädie, art. Paläologen) from Du
Turks, and the last emperor of the family fell Cange's work, exhibits all the descendants of this
while bravely defending his capital. A branch of Andronicus Palaeologus. The lives of all the
this family ruled over Montſerrat in Italy from emperors are given in separate articles, and the
A. D. 1305 to 1530, Theodorus Comnenus Palaeo- other persons are not of sufficient importance to
logus, the son of Andronicus II. , taking possession require a distinct notice. Of course, all the
of the principality in virtue of the will of John of persons on this stemma bore the name of Palaeo-
Montferran, who died without children. This logus, but it is omitted here in order to save
branch of the family does not fall within the space.
p. 36. )


## p. 87 (#103) #############################################

PALAFOLOGUS.
PALAEOLOGUS.
STEMMA PALAEOLOGORUM.
Andronicus Palacologus Comnenus,
Magnus Domesticus ;
married
Irene Palacologina.
Joannes,
Two daughters.
MICHAEL VIII. ,
en jetu! 1960-1982;
m. Theodora,
Constantinus
Sebastocrator,
Manus Domesticus.
Theodorus,
despoles.
Three daughter
Manuel, ANDRONicus II. ,
died in
emperor 1282-1328;
childhoud. dethroned by his grandson
Andronicus 11. ;
died as a monk, 1332;
m. 1. Anda, daughter of Stephen,
of Hungary.
2. Irene, or ſolanthe,
daughter of William VI. ,
and sister of John of
Montferrat
Constantinus
Porphyrogennetus,
died 1506;
m. daughter of
Protovestiarius Joannes.
Joannes
Panhypersebastos.
married Irene,
dr. of the Logothetes
Theodorus Metochita.
A son,
died 1332.
Maria,
m. Stephen, king of
Hungary
Constantinus,
MICHAEL IX. ,
Asociated with his father
in the empure;
died ! 3 20.
Joannes, Theodorus,
despotes succeeded his uncle
John in the
principality of Montferrat,
died 1338
Demetrius,
despotes.
despotes.
Simonis,
married Dragutin
king of Servie
ANDRONICUS III. ,
emperor 1328-1. 341;
m. l. Agnes or Irene,
of Brunswick.
2. Anna of Savoy.
Manuel,
killed bs his brother
Andronicus.
Anna,
m. 1. Thomas Angelas,
of Epeirus.
2. Thomas,
of Cephalonia.
Theodora,
married two Bulgarian
princes.
Manuel,
despotes.
Theodorus.
Three daughters.
JOANNES VI. ,
emperor 1353-1391.
He did not immediately suo
ceed his father, as his guar-
dian Joannes Cantacuzenus
usurped the throne.
m. 1. Helena Cantacuzena.
2. Eudoxia Comnena,
of Trapezus.
Andronicus,
Demetrius,
Theodorus
Porphyrogennetus.
Irene,
died a monk.
MANUEL II. ,
Associated with his father
in the empire;
sole emperor 1391–1425;
married Irene,
daughter of Constantinus Dragases,
of Macedonia.
m. Basilius II.
Coranenus, en peror of
Trapezus
JOANNES VII. Theodorus,
emperor 1425-1448; des potes of
In. I. Anna of Russia. Selyrobria,
2. Sophia Palaeolorina, died 1148.
de. of John Palaeolugas,
of Montferrat.
Andronicus, CoNSTANTINUS XIII. Demetrius,
prince of Thessalonica, emperor 1415-1453 ;
prince of the
died a monk.
last emperor of Constan-
Morea.
tinople.
Thomas,
prince of Achaja;
died at Home 1465
m. Catharina,
daughter of a noble
of Genom.
Andreas,
died at Ronne,
1302.
Manuel,
went to Constantinople,
and became a
Mohammedan.
Helena,
m. Lazarus,
of Servis
Zie.
m. Ivan
of Russia.


## p. 88 (#104) #############################################

88
PALAEPHATUS.
PALAEMON.
1
PALAEMON (Ianaluwv), signifies the wrest. PALAE'PHATUS (Palaioatos), the name of
ler, as in the surname of Heracles in Lycophron four literary persons in Suidas, who, however, seems
(663); but it also occurs as a proper name of seve- to have confounded different persons and writings.
ral mythical personages.
1. Of Athens, an epic poet, to whom a mythical
1. A son of Athamas and Ino, was originally origin was assigned. According to some he was a
called Melicertes. When his mother, who was son of Actaeus and Boeo, according to others of
driven mad by Hera, had thrown herself with her locles and Metaneira, and according to a third
boy, who was either still alive or already killed, statement of Hermes. The time at which he lived
from the Molurian rock into the sea, both be- is uncertain, but he appears to have been usually
came marine divinities, viz. Ino became Leuco- placed after Phemonoe (PHEMONOE), though soine
thea, and Melicertes became Palaemon. (Apollod. writers assigned him even an earlier date. lle is
iii. 4. & 3; Hygin. Fab. 2 ; Ov. Mel. iv. 520, xiii. represented by Christodorus (Anth. Gruec. i. p. 27,
919. ) According to some, Melicertes after his ed. Tauchnitz) as an old bard crowned with laurel
apotheosis was called Glaucus (Athen. vii. p. 296),
δάφνη μεν πλοκαμιδα Παλαίφατος έπρεπε μάντις
whereas, according to another version, Glaucus is
στεψάμενος, δόκεεν δε χέειν μαντώδεα φωνήν.
said to have leaped into the sea from his love of
Melicertes. (Athen. vii. p. 297. ) The apotheosis Suidas has preserved the titles of the following
was effected by the Nereides, who saved Meli- | poems of Palaephatus: 'Eypave ¢ () KOCNO-
certes, and also ordered the institution of the Ne- ποιΐαν, εις έπη ε', (2) 'Απόλλωνος και 'Αρτέμιδος
mean games. The body of Melicertes, according | γονάς έπη γ, (3) Αφροδίτης και Έρωτος φωνάς
to the common tradition, was washed by the waves, και λόγους έπη ε', (4) 'Αθηνάς έριν και Ποσειδω-
or carried by dolphins into port Schoenus on the νος έπη α', (5) Λητούς πλόκαμον.
Corinthian isthmus, or to that spot on the coast 2. Of Paros, or Priene, lived in the time of Ar-
where subsequently the altar of Palaemon stood. taxerxes. Suidas attributes to him the five books
(Paus. i. 44. § 11, ii, 1. 83; Plut. Sympos. v. 3. ) of "ATIOTA, but adds that many persons assigned
There the body was found by his uncle Sisyphus, this work to Palaephatus of Athens. This is
who ordered it to be carried by Donacinus and the work which is still extant, and is spoken of
Amphimachus to Corinth, and on the command of below.
the Nereides instituted the Isthmian games and 3. Of Abydus, an historian (iotopinós), lived in
sacrifices of black bulls in honour of the deified the time of Alexander the Great, and is stated to
Palaemon. (Tzetz. ad Lyc. 107, 229; Philostr. have been loved (maidiká) by the philosopher
Her. 19, Icon. ii. 16; Paus. ii. 1. & 3; Schol. ad Aristotle, for which Suidas quotes the authority of
Eurip. Med. 1274 ; Eurip. Iph. Taur. 251. ) On Philo, Tepl mapadáčov iotoplas, and of Theodorus
the isthmus of Corinth there was a temple of Palae- of Ilium, 'Ev Devtép4 Tpwixwv. Suidas gives the
mon with statues of Palaemon, Leucothea, and titles of the following works of Palaephatus :
Poseidon; and near the same place was a subter- | Κυπριακά, Δηλιακά, Αττικά, Αραβικά. Some
raneous sanctuary, which was believed to contain writers believe that this Palaephatus of Abydus is
the remains of Palaemon. (Paus. ii. 2. § 1. ) In the author of the fragment on Assyrian history,
the island of Tenedos, it is said that children were which is preserved by Eusebius, and which is quoted
sacrificed to him, and the whole worship seems to by him as the work of Abydenus. There can, how-
have had something gloomy and orgiastic about it. ever, be little doubt that Abydenus is the name of
(Philostr. l. c. ; Hom. Od. iii.