have nearly their Salons,
published
by Mr.
Athenaeum - London - 1912a
4414, JUNE 1, 1912
THE ATHENÆUM
623
an
OF
us
as
66
Is:
OUR
THE
moment the British Empire holds we may remark, in passing, that to us he People's Books : A DICTIONARY
enormous strategic superiority over any scarcely seems to do justice to English SYNONYMS, by Austin K. Gray, 6d. net
other Power in the Pacific ; but in this humour. While we cannot cavil at our each.
Jaok
position there are weak spots, as "the ab- representatives--Chaucer, Shakespeare, and Mr. Gray's Preface shows that he has a
sence of a Mid-Pacific fortress, and the Dickens-it strikes
curious that good grasp of his subject, and his matter is
emptiness of the Northern Territory of modern humour should be entirely neglected. well arranged in a type small enough to
Australia. " On the other hand, in certain Some of the Scottish examples are far from include a good deal. Even so, he gives, for
contingencies the ocean might become “an new, but Ireland is fair game for the racon- instance, but nine words under J, and he
American lake," but only after a mighty teur. Mr. Johnston is of opinion that really has not room for the explanations
contest with the Yellow Races and another
the essence of Irish humour consists in the fact which seem to us necessary for a profitable
fratricidal struggle,” in which the British that it is not humorous at all, but simply the use of his book by those uninitiated in
possessions would be subdued. The author shortest and best way of saying something, attained English, a vast class nowadays. Syno-
recommends what he calls an Anglo- by an inherent genius for feeling and thinking two
things at once.
nyms are tricky things to play with. The
Celtic union, viz. , that the two Powers,
book does at least give derivations of words,
neither of which could succeed without the The Hebrews are not forgotten, and some which is a great point in its favour.
other, should agree to act in concert ; and of King Solomon's unofficial examples of Treasury (A) of Prose and Poetry for Learning
that, before the opening of the Canal, an
wisdom are recounted.
by Heart, selected by Amy Barter,
informal conference should be held between Some of the author's allusions to modern
Books I. -VI. , 5d. each.
Harrap
the United States, Great Britain, and those America are lost on us, and the description
In spite of the gaudiness of the covers and
members of the Empire which have interests of Robert Burns as & profane and vain
the excess of material, this anthology, is
in the Pacific. Some sensible remarks on
babbler" is ridiculous. The book abounds
chosen with care and skill
. Its catholicity
the future of Latin-America, and on the in entertaining pleasantries.
does not extend over the boundary of
diplomatic methods of British and American Mathews (Shailer), SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT sterling literary merit, but the collector
negotiators, deserve careful consideration
has ranged extensively in her search. If
by our statesmen.
IN THE CHURCHES, 2/ net.
An excellent map of
Illinois, University
of Chicago Press we have a fault to find, it is that there is a
the Pacific, with its principal routes and London, Cambridge University Press slight tendency to emphasize a doctrinaire
coaling-stations, accompanies the volume.
The need for the application of the attitude towards life. Such an undertaking
Hamilton (Cosmo), IMPERTINENT REFLEC- principles of scientific management in the requires good prose and good poetry rather
TIONS, 6/
Stanley Paul Churches is one which bears emphasizing than good counsel.
Many of Mr. Hamilton's “reflections here as well as in the States, whence this Walling (William English), SOCIALISM AS IT
are cheap and jejune enough; the sketches booklet emanates. It would have been
A SURVEY OF THE WORLD-WIDE
and parodies of the manners and journalism interesting to have set forth exactly what REVOLUTIONARY MOVEMENT.
of to-day are rather cloying when collected. opportunities are available there for those
Macmillan
Here and there we find an amusing chapter, who desire, by training, to escape the The author has seriously handicapped
the author's impressions“ behind the scenes
pitfall of inefficient service.
himself in his effort to gain a large reading
are full of insight—but on the whole the Milton's Areopagitica ; and Shakespeare's public by over-dogmatic assertion, ill-con-
good places are few and far between. The
Tragical History of Hamlet, Prince of structed sentences, and making it necessary
Reflections are fifty-two in number, and
Denmark, Parts of the New Place Edi- to turn over 400 pages to find references.
they could have been cut down to half that
number with advantage.
tion de Luxe, edited by Sydney Hum-
Pampblets.
phries.
Black
Johnston (Charles),
(Charles), WHY
WORLD
The first of these volumes is sold for the Brailsford (H. N. ), THE FRUITS OF
RUSSIAN ALLIANCE, ld.
LAUGHS, 6/ net.
Harpers
benefit of the London Library; the second
the author, “ is laughing at
for that of the Shakespeare National Theatre.
Anglo-Russian Committee
a man; humour is laughing with him. "
Mr. Brailsford's pamphlet would make an
It Both are handsomely bound with heraldic
was a happy thought which prompted Mr. designs on the cover, and printed on fine admirable model for a series of booklets
Johnston to collect the various forms of paper. Each page in the “Hamletis dealing with foreign questions. It gives
succinctly, and with force and lucidity, the
wit and humour by which the many peoples enclosed in a black line, and the names
of the world are moved to merriment, and of the characters are similarly treated. story of the British entente with the Russian
Government.
to set them before us for comparison–a The type is occasionally a little lacking in
task which requires the collector himself to straightness of setting, but otherwise very Dawkins (Hon. Prof. W. Boyd), THE ANCIENT
SOURCES OF THE ENDOWMENTS OF THE
be of a genial temperament. He steers us agreeable to read, the exceptionally tail
deftly through the gentle gales of Persian page, being well spaced out. Mr. Humphries CHURCH OF ENGLAND, 3d. net.
jests to Molière and Daudet, Shakespeare adds some notes of his own concerning
Sherratt & Hughes
and Dickens. The Persian humour is, it Hamlet,' and care has evidently been A pamphlet written to advance the view,
seems, repartee :-
taken in the preparation of the text. supported by documentary evidence, that
“A blind man was passing along the roadway in
Milton's discourse, lacking the black lines endowments grow, both in England and
the darkness of the night, with a jar on his and having a larger type, exceeds in effect Wales, from private benevolence for special
shoulder and a lit lamp in his hand. A meddlesome
the 'Hamlet,' but both are covetable pos- and local purposes. The author states that
follow met him, who cried out, :0 fool, since day sessions, and advantage has been taken of he could not discover evidence that they
and night are alike to thee, what use hast thou of unsold copies to make some corrections and
were given by the State or for the good of
this lamp? ' But the blind man laughed, and
the general public, as is contended by those
answered him, 'This lamp is not for me, nor to
improvements.
who advocate digendowment.
guide these blind eyes of mine. It is for ignorant Modern Business Practice : A COMPREHEN-
fools like thee, that they may not knock against me
FOREIGN.
and break my jar. '”
SIVE PRACTICAL GUIDE AND WORK OF
EFERENCE FOR OFFICE, WAREHOUSE,
General.
Perhaps one of the most charming chapters
is devoted to the Japanese, whose humour
EXCHANGE, AND MARKET, Vol. III.
Mercure de France, Ifr. 25 net.
Gresham Publishing Co.
is delightfully naive and encrusted with age.
Paris, 26, Rue de Condé
There is, as the author remarks, much salt less general than the second, and therefore English readers in the current number of
The third volume of this encyclopædia is Among the many articles of interest to
in some of their sayings :-
more useful. The analysis of Britain's place this periodical is an appreciation of Gran-
Very detestable is the snoring of a man whom in foreign markets is completed ; articles ville Barker and his work. That trans-
you are trying to conceal and who has gone to sleep by Mr. Chiozza Money and Lord Furness, cendental phenomenon Jeanne d'Arc is
in a place where he has no business. ”
on the relation of coal to our prosperity, | the subject of two important publications
Mr. Johnston's chapter on American and the commercial future of Britain, follow ; reviewed; and a work which avowedly owes
humour is an essay on his country's humorous and the book concludes with a clear and much to Mr. Wilfrid Ward's Life of New-
literature. He gives Mark Twain the place well-indexed summary of the law of contract, man,' 'Newman Catholique,' by Thureau-
of honour, and claims with some justice agency, partnership, sale and hire, and other Dangin, a study of the long years when the
that American humour first discovered the legal matters closely connected with busi- great intellectual was under a cloud, receives
child for purposes of literature ; he acknow-
On the whole, the signed work of the warm commendation. Classical scholars
ledges, however, that Budge and Toddy and specialists mentioned on the title - page will find strong support from the author
Tom Sawyer have no sisters, and pays : appears to fall below the standard of the of 'Les Humanités et les Ingénieurs,' who
generous tribute to Alice in Wonderland as other contributions. We may except from exposes the widespread discontent which
perhaps the high-water mark among little this Mr. A. E. Cave's note on Municipal the aristocracy of industry feel with regard
girls in litorature. "
Trading. Sir Thomas Lipton's hints on to 80-called modern education, and sup-
Space forbids more than a glimpse at the building up a business do not rise above the ports on practical
grounds the ancient
many nationalities of which he treats, but level of Samuel Smiles.
method-Greek and Latin included.
Wit,” says
>
ness.
## p. 624 (#468) ############################################
624
THE ATHENÆUM
No. 4414, JUNE 1, 1912
The latest recruit to the ranks of the Studies in Philosophy,' by M. Émile
publishers is Mr. Herbert Jenkins. For Boutroux, Member of the Institute and
Literary Gossip. more than ten years Mr. Jenkins was
Professor in the University of Paris. The
manager for Mr. John Lane. His own rendering has been made by Mr. Fred
ventures into literature include the Rothwell, one of the translators of Prof.
DR. R. Y. TYRRELL has a delightful Life of George Borrow,' which Mr. Bergson's : Essay on Laughter'. The
article in the June Nineteenth Century on
Metrical Versions of Horace's Odes,' Jenkins is also known as a Blake enthusiast spectively with the history of philosophy,
Murray published in the spring. Mr. book contains six studies, dealing re-
considered from the literary point of view.
He puts side by side various renderings he who discovered the State Papers cartes, and Kant.
on original lines of research ; for it was Socrates, Aristotle, Jacob Boehme, Des-
of famous passages and phrases, and spends relating to the poet's trial for high treason,
some time in demolishing Gladstones and the position of his grave in Bunhill Works of Francis Parkman’ is announced
A NEW pocket edition of the Collected
eulogy quite undeserved by the English Fields Cemetery. Associated
with the new by Messrs. Macmillan & Co. It will be
Like our reviewer in 1894, Dr. publishing venture are Sir George H. Chubb complete in twelve volumes.
Tyrrell has no difficulty in showing the and Mr. Alex. W. Hill. The new firm is
to be known as Herbert Jenkins, Limited,
MESSRS. CHATTO & WINDUS will publish
weakness of the Right Honourable versifier, and will occupy premises at 12, Arundel next Thursday in their series of Two-
and applauds-justly, we think-the merits
Place, Haymarket.
Shilling Net Novels,” which already
of Conington as the most successful seeker
includes works by Mr. Arnold Bennett,
after the impossible.
* THE CAMBRIDGE MODERN HISTORY Mrs. Perrin, and Mr. E. W. Hornung, a new
We hope he may be able to deal in ATLAS' will be published by the Cam- edition of Mr. John Ayscough's novel
another article with freer versions or bridge University Press on the 18th inst. Marotz. ' The book will contain a
paraphrases of Horace, such as that of The arrangement of the maps, 141 in specially written preface by the author.
Fortuna læto' by Dryden which was a
number, follows as far as possible the
favourite with Thackeray.
order of the narrative in The Cambridge
THE announcement by Messrs. Sampson
Modern History,' and an endeavour has Low of another edition of the sketches of
THE SPANISH ACADEMY OF LETTERS been made to insert all the place-names Caldecott shows that this delightful artist
has recently faced a problem similar to that occur in it. At the same time, the is not forgotten. His most active period
that which confronted French men of entire series is designed to stand by itself was during the seventies of last century,
science in the candidature of Madame as an atlas of modern history.
but his work has such charm and indi-
Curie. Public opinion and her profes-
viduality that he may be counted amongst
sional confrères favour the application in a series of maps of Europe and its edition Mr. Harold Armitage recalls the
The general idea is to illustrate, the immortals. In a preface to this
made by the Countess of Pardo Bazan, different countries,
as well as other
novelist and critic, for admission to the parts of the world associated with the tributions to The Graphic were received
pleasure with which his coloured con-
Real Academia Española, but that body progress of European history, the course at Christmas, 1876, and during a few of
maintains its conservative position, in
spite of the discovery of an eighteenth- fifteenth century has been transformed death in 1886.
of events by which the Europe of the the succeeding Yuletides until Caldecott's
century precedent in the person of a
into the Europe of the present day.
precocious young lady of seventeen years— Some of the maps are designed to illus-
CAVIARE' is the title of a novel which
honorary professor, examiner, and per: trate political divisions—others terri- Mr. Grant Richards has written, and which
manent adviser of the University of torial changes, wars by land or sea, the will appear on September 2nd. It will be
Alcala,
growth of particular States, the course of published at the same time in America
MR. WILLIAM P. LIVINGSTONE, chief religious changes, and the history of by Messrs. Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
sub - editor of the Evening News, has Colonial expansion.
' LIFE'S GREAT ADVENTURE' is a col-
been appointed editor of The Mission-
FOLLOWING on the Thackeray Centenary lection of essays on life for those at
ary Record of the United Free Church Celebrations in July, 1911, and the its threshold, from the pen of Mr.
of Scotland. Mr. Livingstone, who is a
recent Browning Centenary Celebrations, Francis Stopford, whose book of essays,
native of Fifeshire, had a business training it is the intention of the Fine Art The Toil of Life,' was favourably re-
in Edinburgh, after which he engaged in Society to hold an exhibition of MSS. , ceived when it appeared five years ago ;
editorial work in Jamaica, returning to letters, sketches, autographs, and relics it ran into a second edition, and still
England in 1904. Since then he has held of Thackeray and Browning in their finds new readers. Mr. Stopford's forth-
various journalistic posts.
Dudley Gallery, 169, Piccadilly. The coming volume follows the same lines, is
The first portion of the extensive exhibition will open early in July. With cheerful and optimistic in tone, and
library of the late Mr. Charles Letts will important as possible, the Society will different
a view to making it as complete and as contains many pen-pictures of scenes in
lands. The upbringing of
be sold next week by Messrs.
Hodgson, be glad to hear from any persons who children is dealt with in a frank manner:
and will occupy five days. Mr. Letts,
who was
a member of several of the MSS. connected with the novelist or the inspiration. The book will be published
possess objects of interest, sketches, of
f The author finds in nature his chief
learned societies, was widely known as an
enthusiastic collector of books. This por- poet, which owners are willing to lend for shortly by Messrs. Duckworth.
exhibition.
tion comprises the modern part of the
WITH the June number Rhythm,
library, and shows the many interests of In reply to the recent trade-union depu- which the St. Catherine Press publish,
the late owner.
tation to the Prime Minister which urged begins its monthly existence. It will
the nationalization of railways, Mr. contain, amongst other items, a short
A CORRESPONDENT writes :-
Asquith said that it was necessary for story by Frank Harris ; an article by
“ In your short notice of Mrs. O'Neill's further information to be obtained before Tristan Dereme; poems by W. H. Davies
'England in the Middle Ages' you repre any steps, one way or another, could be and W. W. Gibson ; _and drawings by
sent the statement that the University of taken. A book which Mr. Murray is Albert Marguet, J. D. Fergusson, and
Oxford 'came into being' in 1214. as publishing, by a well-known authority, Joseph Simpson.
minor inaccuracy. Is this fair in view of Mr. Edwin A. Pratt, entitled 'The State
the context of the passage ?
OWING to a regrettable oversight in
university 'with an autonymous constitu- Railway Muddle in Australia,' may pro-
tion of its own' (to quote Prof. Tout) did vide some opportune evidence on this proof-revision, we misprinted “Mabel”
for Rahel Tieck in our short notice of Mary
come into being in 1214. This is surely question.
suggested by the previous sentence : 'The
Hargrave's 'Some German Women and
Oxford schools had been active and dis-
MESSPS. MACMILLAN & Co.
have nearly their Salons, published by Mr. Werner
tinguished since the days of Henry II. '” ready an English version of Historical | Laurie.
&
## p. 625 (#469) ############################################
No. 4414, JUNE 1, 1912
THE ATHENÆUM
625
man.
obtained his data, which
are called
We have entered into a somewhat
SCIENCE
“ Family Records,” from numerous col- elaborate criticism of this book, chiefly
laborators. These data are frequently to warn intending writers on this subject
referred to, but always anonymously, and that the science on which eugenics is
Heredity in relation to Eugenics. By are largely derived from professional based is at the present moment in its
Charles Benedict Davenport. Williams circles, though not a few farmers and busi- infancy, and that it is useless to propound
& Norgate. )
ness men are included. In making these theories dealing with the reorganization
DURING the last few years the study of records our author thinks it is not necessary of society until that science can give
the laws of heredity on Mendelian lines for physicians to aid in the work of col- them some secure foothold.
We feel
has given a great stimulus to the idea laboration, though they can do so if they sure that human progress can never be
wish; and presumably the Eugenic Record based on the materialistic views of
breeding. We feel sure that eugenists of Office in New York is satisfied with the marriage suggested by the eugenist, and
all shades of opinion are animated by the diagnosis of family diseases as presented think that the laws regulating the pro
highest motives, and that they sincerely by the enthusiastic farmer and business gress of race-horses are not necessarily
believe that the methods which are used
Any one at all acquainted with applicable to man.
to modify the unit characters of plants
scientific subjects knows that anonymous
and animals can with equal success be
records are open to suspicion.
applied to man.
The medical profession are well aware
THE HORSE AND ITS
Mr. Davenport explains on the first that certain diseases are inherited, and
page of his book that
these observations from the Carnegie
DEVELOPMENT.
the eugenical standpoint is that of the Institution of Washington will not in: This is an excellent monograph upon the
agriculturist, who, while recognizing the
value of culture, believes that permanent author says in his Preface that modern evolution and natural history of one of
advance is to be made only by securing the medicine is responsible for the loss of the
most useful of domesticated animals.
best 'blood. ? "?
appreciation of the power of heredity: the horse is being supplanted by the
be that in the twentieth century
He goes on to say that
it has had its attention too exclusively petrol-driven motor, and that, in conse-
man is an animal, and the laws of improve- focussed on germs and conditions of life.
ment of corn and of race-horses hold true
for him also. Unless people accept this Pasteur our ignorance of certain diseases locomotion in less civilized countries, the
The truth is that before the days of quence, its numbers are lessening; but,
purposes of war, for sport, and for
simple truth, and let it influence marriage
selection, human progress will cease. ''
This authoritative statement, coming as an explanation, and used it as a cloak animal is still a necessity and a subject
from the American continent, suggests to hide our mental nakedness. If Mr. of perennial interest to a large section of
the community.
that possibly the collection of family Davenport had, instead of abusing the
Mr. Lydekker deals with the zoological
pedigrees there may have brought to profession, shown his proof-sheets to an
light many important facts which are expert, he would have been saved from position and structure of the horse, with
its origin and the various breeds into
unknown in this country. The reader making many mistakes. Tuberculosis is which it has developed ; he describes its
will, unfortunately, be sadly disappointed, placed in the lists of inherited diseases ;
particularly if he is a confirmed
eugenist but we would remind Mr. Davenport that congeners the onager, the zebra, and the
À more unscientific exposition of the the successful treatment and prevention ass, its hybrid the mule, and devotes a
subject has rarely been presented to the of the white scourge” are due to the fact final chapter to the extinct forerunners of
the
public.
that the profession have gradually but
genus.
Prof. Bateson, who is the chief authority surely given up the idea that it is viewed – e. g. , whether the preorbital
Many debatable questions
on Mendelism in this country, told us hereditary. Statistics go to prove that hollow is the site of a formerly existing
honestly in his Herbert Spencer Lecture in the great majority of
at Oxford that,
susceptibility to the attacks of the scent-gland, or, as Mr. Pocock maintains,
"in the case of the ordinary attributes of tubercle bacillus is not due to such a simply to provide increased surface for
normal man, we have as yet unimpeachable cause, but to want of food and fresh air, muscular attachment; whether the warty
evidence
of the manifestation of this system which combine in lowering the resisting growth or ergot-at the back of the
of descent for one set of characters only, power of the individual. The disease is fetlock is an aborted gland or, as has
namely, the colour of the eyes. "
most common amongst the poor, who are
been more generally supposed, a vestigial
He added that
often unable to procure the necessaries of remnant of the time when horses walked,
“ before science can claim to have any life.
at least partially, upon the sole of the
positive guidance to offer, numbers of
With regard to the treatment of the one toe. It is generally agreed that the
foot, instead of as now upon the tip of
untouched problems must be solved. We
need first some outline of an analysis of feeble-minded, we are glad to see that
callosities, or thickened, bare patches of
human characters, to know which are due Mr. Davenport favours segregation rather skin, on the legs of a horse are remains of
to the presence of positive factors and which than mutilation, though the drastic
propo- decadent glands, and have nothing to do
are due to their absence. ? ?
sitions of detention in Mr. McKenna's with foot-pads or vanished toes. As the
He went on to say that some of the Bill can only amount to spiritual mutila: author points out, these chestnuts, or
ingredient-factors have the property of tion. There is a general agreement callosities, are situated on the inner side,
inhibiting or masking the effects of other that something should be done
to
factors, and that sometimes there may be limit the production of offspring amongst the carpus or so-called knee, and therefore
not at the back of the limb, and are above
a combination or interaction of two or this class of the community. Though too high up to have any relation with the
more ingredients without producing any eugenists cannot claim to have ori-
foot.
perceptible sign of their presence. A ginated the idea of dealing with the
flower may be white because it lacks the feeble-minded, they have no doubt done the Barb are a species distinct from the
The question whether the Arab and
element which produces colour ; whilst a good deal in educating the public con, original tarpan-like horses of Western
another may be white, not for that cerning this important subject. We need Europe, or simply the product of selection
reason, but because it has, in addition, an not go into the author's definition of and breeding, is one of much interest.
element which suppresses pigmentation. feeble-mindedness, as this is a problem Mr. Lydekker appears to incline to the
Mr. Davenport apparently agrees with which will have to receive very careful former opinion, and suggests the possi-
Prof. Bateson, yet he gives a long list consideration by experts; but there is not bility of the Arab being the descendant
of inheritable family traits occupying the slightest doubt that the cases on the of the Siwalik horse from Southern Asia ;
153 pages, including both normal and borderland will present a problem of but in all these critical discussions, if we
abnormal characters, with no indication great difficulty, and indeed, widespread
whether they are due to the presence or injustice, if the present Bill becomes The Horse and its Relatives.
absence of positive factors. He has operative,
Lydekker. (Allen & Sons. )
are re-
cases
By R.
## p. 626 (#470) ############################################
626
No. 4414, JUNE 1, 1912
THE ATHENÆUM
Α
2
>
THE
have a fault to find, it is that the author while the budding engineer will learn much student should be encouraged to read
gives us too much of the opinions of from its well-illustrated pages.
subsequently the works mentioned on p. 62,
others, and not enough of his own.
He In addition to the various complete which deal in a fuller manner with the
refers to the horse as possessing the maxi. engines, Mr. Garratt devotes a considerable radiation of energy.
mum speed of which the inammalian portion of his volume to their adjuncts, such Russell (Rollo), PREVENTABLE CANCER, 4/8
-heaters;
organization is capable: if he means by all descriptions, including the sleeve-valve
Longmans
this over short distances as well as long, used in the Daimler motor-car engines ; con-
This is a book dealing with cancer sta-
we are not sure that the statement is densers; and air-pumps, including the “ Ed-author thinks that cancer could be prevented
tistics in various parts of the world. The
correct.
wards” type of pump.
if people paid more attention to diet. His
The horse is often cited as the mammal
We suggest that an improvement in the
whose evolutionary history is best known, describing the various boilers before begin- deal to do with the supposed increase of
arrangement of the work could be made by argument is
, unfortunately, not at all con-
vincing. Improved diagnosis has a great
for its gradual development from primitive, ning the subject of the generation of steam,
many-toed animals no larger than foxes is rather than interpolating them, as at present, the countries where medical education is at
cancer, for this has taken place in
almost completely revealed by the records into the middle of chap. iii.
The only omission we have noticed is the system of collecting statistics in various
of the Tertiary and Pleistocene strata.
its highest development. Unfortunately,
Prof. Osborn includes all these ancestral the rotary engine of the Gnome type, such countries differs considerably, so that it is
|
types with the modern horse in the one
as is used in aeroplanes. In view of difficult to compare their results.
family, Equidæ ; but the differences are
the rapid developments in this direction
marked, and it is safer to break them
some description of its working would have Science Progress in the Twentieth Century,
been appropriate, and will no doubt be added a Quarterly Journal of Scientific Work
up, as the author proposes, into the three to future editions. There is, by the way, an and Thought, No. 24, April, 5/
families of Equidæ, Anchitheriidæ, and error in one of the references. On p. 229,
John Murray
Hyracotheriidæ.
“Fig. 125" should evidently read Fig. 128. This excellent quarterly journal contains
Mr. Lydekker concludes with a profes- Hutchinson's Popular Botany, Part IV. , 7d.
many interesting articles by well-known
authorities. It is catholic in its views,
sion of faith which in the present day is, net.
perhaps, worth recording. He says :
This ‘Popular Botany' continues to be
and we can strongly recommend it to all
those interested in scientific problems.
good, and, when completed, promises inter-
“That all these marvellous changes and esting results, both to botanical students United States National Museum: 1884, ON
adaptations are not due to any mere 'blind and to readers without scientific knowledge.
AN IMPORTANT SPECIMEN OF EDESTUS,
struggle for existence' or 'survival of the The illustrations are excellent.
WITH DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES,
fittest," but that they were directly designed Lockyer (Sir Norman), THE SPECTRUM OF
EDESTUS MIRUS, by Oliver Perry Hay;
and controlled by an Omniscient and
COMET BROOKS (1911 c), and ON THE
1896, New PEDICULATE FISHES FROM
Omnipotent Creator, is the settled and final
IBON FLAME SPECTRUM AND THOSE OF
PHILIPPINE ISLANDS AND CON-
opinion of the author of this volume. ”
SUN-SPOTS AND LOWER-TYPE STARS.
TIGUOUS WATERS, by Lewis Radcliffe ;
A word of praise is due to the photo- Both reprinted from the Proceedings of
1900, DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES
OF PARASITIC COPEPODS IN THE COL-
graphic illustrations, which are excellent, the Royal Society.
and a great assistance to the text. People's Books : LORD KELVIN,
LECTIONS OF THE MUSEUM, by Charles
by A.
Branch Wilson ;
1901, NOTES ON
Russell, 6d. net.
Jack
FRESH-WATER COPEPODA IN THE Mu-
A capital little biography by an old
student of the famous Professor. It covers
SEUM, by C. Dwight Marsh ; 1902,
DESCRIPTIONS OF CERTAIN SPECIES OF
NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS. the ground well and avoids trivialities,
WASPS OF THE FAMILY SPHECIDÆ, by
though the author seems excessively at-
(Notico in these columns does not preclude longer tracted by Senior Wranglers. Some words
Henry T. Fernald ; and 1903, ADDI-
review. )
TIONS TO THE WEST AMERICAN PYRA-
might, perhaps, have been added concerning
MIDELLID MOLLUSK FAUNA, WITH DE-
Collie (Sir John) and Wightman (C. F. ), Kelvin's simplicity of character and manners.
FIRST AID IN ACCIDENTS, 9d. net. Gili He might well have been priggish, in view
SCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES, by Paul
Bartsch. REPORT ON THE PROGRESS
Student's edition.
of his upbringing and scientific distinction
at an early age.
AND CONDITION OF THE MUSEUM FOR
Fabre (J. -H. ), LES RAVAGEURS : RÉCITS
THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1911.
THE FOUNDATIONS OF
SUR LES INSECTES NUISIBLES À L'AGRI- People's Books :
Washington, Govt. Printing Office
CULTURE, 3fr. 50.
Paris, Delagrave
SCIENCE, by W. C. D. Whetham ; and
M. Fabre is the village schoolmaster who
RADIATION, by P. Phillips, 6d. net each.
Wild Flowers in their Home Series: No. 1,
Jack
WILD FLOWERS OF THE HEDGEROW ;
awoke one morning to find that his ‘La Vie
des Insectes' had made him famous. He physical, biological, and psychological
Adopting the threefold division of science
and No. 2, WILD FLOWERS OF THE
Wood, both by W. Percival Westell
,
has written since many charming studies
Mr. Whetham, in the limited space at
with six Coloured and twenty Black-
in natural history which have placed him his disposal, puts before his readers in a
and-white Illustrations by C. F. Newell
,
in the front rank of European naturalists.
1/ net each.
Werner Laurie
This book, dealing chiefly with insects of masterly way the chief results that have
been reached in each division in the
These volumes are weak in method,
the predatory class, is no prosy entomological
manual, but is full of feeling for nature attempt to construct a consistent model of and contain some sentimentalizing
and of keen observation, to which must be phenomena and their relations. The brief flowers. The cataloguing of plants without
added a gift of expression which makes
any regard to the natural orders in which
survey presented here is brought right up
learning delightful. The chapters are
to date, and the reader who wishes to they have been classified does not seem " to
thrown into the form of dialogues, and pursue his studies in greater detail in any point the way to the beginner," but rather
to leave him without any conception of the
the discussion is sprightly
throughout. particular direction will find that he has
laid a good foundation for progress.
characteristics which mark the most familiar
Those interested in fieldwork and nature
study cannot afford to neglect a charming the character of the waves which constitute books are said not to be concerned with
Mr. Phillips deals with the investigation of orders of wood and hedge flowers. The
and informative book.
light and heat, and their relationship to dry details of structure or classification **;
Garratt (Herbert A. ), HEAT ENGINES, 6/ electro-magnetic waves. The subject of but if those hedge plants found during the
Arnold radio-activity is expressly excluded from spring months, belonging to the same orders,
Mr. Garratt's position as Principal of the consideration. The author labours under had been arranged side by side, the young
London County Council School of Engineer the disadvantage of having to attempt reader would have unconsciously begun to
ing and Navigation is a guarantee that his detailed explanations of physical processes see the bare skeleton upon which our floral
technical knowledge will not be found without the aid of laboratory demonstrations, system has been arranged. The uncoloured
at fault; but it is not only on this account and does not always succeed in presenting illustrations tend to be finicking, and do not
that the book is praiseworthy, for the the details of his subject in a clear manner.
reach the high
standard of accuracy
information it contains is given more Thus the explanation of electro-magnetic desirable in scientific
drawing.
lucidly, and is expressed in better style, than waves, and of their modifications which Zimmer (George Frederick), DICTIONARY OF
is often the case in books of the sort. result in Hertzian waves (the foundation of
Engineers who are concerned in the design- wireless telegraphy), will, we fear, tend rather
BOTANICAL NAMES, 2/6 net.
ing and manufacture of every type of prime to confuse than to enlighten the tyro.
Routledge
mover actuated by heat, whether recipro- But the brevity that is imposed on the and terms with their English equivalents,
A popular dictionary of botanical names
cating or rotary, stationary or locomotive, author by the size of the book is partly intended for botanists and horticulturists,
will find this a handy desk-book for reference, I responsible for this, and the enthusiastic as well as amateurs interested in the subject
over
1
## p. 627 (#471) ############################################
No. 4414, JUNE 1, 1912
627
THE ATHENAUM
OF
Dr. W. T. Calman read a short paper describing
SOCIETIES.
a new genus and species of the Crustacean order
Science Gossip.
Branchiura.
SOCIETY ANTIQUARIES. —May 23. -Dr. A parasite of fishes collected by Mr. Spencer THE proceedings at the gatherings of the
C. H. Read, President, in the chair.
Moore at Corumba, Matto Grosso, Southern
Optical Convention on Tuesday, June 25th,
Mr. R. T. Günther gave an account of some
Brazil, was referred to a new genus as follows :
further researches on the site of the Imperial Dipteropeltis, gen. n. Differing from Argulus in
will be of an astronomical character, and for
Villa situated at the end of Posilipo, near Naples, having no spine on the preoral papilla ; in having that day Fellows of the Royal Astronomical
and described a Roman mural glass mosaic the antennules and antennæ very minute and Society may become Honorary Members
found at the back of a small niche in the ruins. imperfectly segmented ; in having no large spines of the Convention.
The mosaic is of interest on account of the charm-
or hooks on the under surface of the carapace,
The programme will include, in the
ingly natural rendering of the subject, a white body, or appendages ; in having no furcal rami
bird flying over some plants grouped behind a
on the abdomen ; and in having the lateral wings morning, a reception by the Astronomer
yellow trellis, the whole being inlaid in a back- of the carapace greatly elongated. Genotype, Royal, Vice-President of the Convention,
ground of deep blue cobalt-stained glass mosaic.
D. hirundo, sp. n. , with the characters of the genus. to be followed by the reading of papers
The borders are ornamented with cockle-shells and
G.
spirally twisted glass rods, and are coeval in Second Contribution to our Knowledge of the bearing upon astronomical optics; in the
afternoon, a visit to the Royal Observatory,
style with the mosaic fountain-niches at Pompeii. Varieties of the Wall-Lizard. ' This paper was a
A chemical analysis of the green tesseræ was made
continuation of one published in the Society's Greenwich; and in the evening a public
by Mr. J. J. Manley, who discovered that the Transactions in 1905, and dealt chiefly with the lecture.
peculiar colour was partly due to the presence of
variations of Lacerta muralis in South-Eastern The reception will be held in the Science
a minute quantity (1. 25 per cent. ) of oxide of Europe and South-Western Asia.
THE ATHENÆUM
623
an
OF
us
as
66
Is:
OUR
THE
moment the British Empire holds we may remark, in passing, that to us he People's Books : A DICTIONARY
enormous strategic superiority over any scarcely seems to do justice to English SYNONYMS, by Austin K. Gray, 6d. net
other Power in the Pacific ; but in this humour. While we cannot cavil at our each.
Jaok
position there are weak spots, as "the ab- representatives--Chaucer, Shakespeare, and Mr. Gray's Preface shows that he has a
sence of a Mid-Pacific fortress, and the Dickens-it strikes
curious that good grasp of his subject, and his matter is
emptiness of the Northern Territory of modern humour should be entirely neglected. well arranged in a type small enough to
Australia. " On the other hand, in certain Some of the Scottish examples are far from include a good deal. Even so, he gives, for
contingencies the ocean might become “an new, but Ireland is fair game for the racon- instance, but nine words under J, and he
American lake," but only after a mighty teur. Mr. Johnston is of opinion that really has not room for the explanations
contest with the Yellow Races and another
the essence of Irish humour consists in the fact which seem to us necessary for a profitable
fratricidal struggle,” in which the British that it is not humorous at all, but simply the use of his book by those uninitiated in
possessions would be subdued. The author shortest and best way of saying something, attained English, a vast class nowadays. Syno-
recommends what he calls an Anglo- by an inherent genius for feeling and thinking two
things at once.
nyms are tricky things to play with. The
Celtic union, viz. , that the two Powers,
book does at least give derivations of words,
neither of which could succeed without the The Hebrews are not forgotten, and some which is a great point in its favour.
other, should agree to act in concert ; and of King Solomon's unofficial examples of Treasury (A) of Prose and Poetry for Learning
that, before the opening of the Canal, an
wisdom are recounted.
by Heart, selected by Amy Barter,
informal conference should be held between Some of the author's allusions to modern
Books I. -VI. , 5d. each.
Harrap
the United States, Great Britain, and those America are lost on us, and the description
In spite of the gaudiness of the covers and
members of the Empire which have interests of Robert Burns as & profane and vain
the excess of material, this anthology, is
in the Pacific. Some sensible remarks on
babbler" is ridiculous. The book abounds
chosen with care and skill
. Its catholicity
the future of Latin-America, and on the in entertaining pleasantries.
does not extend over the boundary of
diplomatic methods of British and American Mathews (Shailer), SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT sterling literary merit, but the collector
negotiators, deserve careful consideration
has ranged extensively in her search. If
by our statesmen.
IN THE CHURCHES, 2/ net.
An excellent map of
Illinois, University
of Chicago Press we have a fault to find, it is that there is a
the Pacific, with its principal routes and London, Cambridge University Press slight tendency to emphasize a doctrinaire
coaling-stations, accompanies the volume.
The need for the application of the attitude towards life. Such an undertaking
Hamilton (Cosmo), IMPERTINENT REFLEC- principles of scientific management in the requires good prose and good poetry rather
TIONS, 6/
Stanley Paul Churches is one which bears emphasizing than good counsel.
Many of Mr. Hamilton's “reflections here as well as in the States, whence this Walling (William English), SOCIALISM AS IT
are cheap and jejune enough; the sketches booklet emanates. It would have been
A SURVEY OF THE WORLD-WIDE
and parodies of the manners and journalism interesting to have set forth exactly what REVOLUTIONARY MOVEMENT.
of to-day are rather cloying when collected. opportunities are available there for those
Macmillan
Here and there we find an amusing chapter, who desire, by training, to escape the The author has seriously handicapped
the author's impressions“ behind the scenes
pitfall of inefficient service.
himself in his effort to gain a large reading
are full of insight—but on the whole the Milton's Areopagitica ; and Shakespeare's public by over-dogmatic assertion, ill-con-
good places are few and far between. The
Tragical History of Hamlet, Prince of structed sentences, and making it necessary
Reflections are fifty-two in number, and
Denmark, Parts of the New Place Edi- to turn over 400 pages to find references.
they could have been cut down to half that
number with advantage.
tion de Luxe, edited by Sydney Hum-
Pampblets.
phries.
Black
Johnston (Charles),
(Charles), WHY
WORLD
The first of these volumes is sold for the Brailsford (H. N. ), THE FRUITS OF
RUSSIAN ALLIANCE, ld.
LAUGHS, 6/ net.
Harpers
benefit of the London Library; the second
the author, “ is laughing at
for that of the Shakespeare National Theatre.
Anglo-Russian Committee
a man; humour is laughing with him. "
Mr. Brailsford's pamphlet would make an
It Both are handsomely bound with heraldic
was a happy thought which prompted Mr. designs on the cover, and printed on fine admirable model for a series of booklets
Johnston to collect the various forms of paper. Each page in the “Hamletis dealing with foreign questions. It gives
succinctly, and with force and lucidity, the
wit and humour by which the many peoples enclosed in a black line, and the names
of the world are moved to merriment, and of the characters are similarly treated. story of the British entente with the Russian
Government.
to set them before us for comparison–a The type is occasionally a little lacking in
task which requires the collector himself to straightness of setting, but otherwise very Dawkins (Hon. Prof. W. Boyd), THE ANCIENT
SOURCES OF THE ENDOWMENTS OF THE
be of a genial temperament. He steers us agreeable to read, the exceptionally tail
deftly through the gentle gales of Persian page, being well spaced out. Mr. Humphries CHURCH OF ENGLAND, 3d. net.
jests to Molière and Daudet, Shakespeare adds some notes of his own concerning
Sherratt & Hughes
and Dickens. The Persian humour is, it Hamlet,' and care has evidently been A pamphlet written to advance the view,
seems, repartee :-
taken in the preparation of the text. supported by documentary evidence, that
“A blind man was passing along the roadway in
Milton's discourse, lacking the black lines endowments grow, both in England and
the darkness of the night, with a jar on his and having a larger type, exceeds in effect Wales, from private benevolence for special
shoulder and a lit lamp in his hand. A meddlesome
the 'Hamlet,' but both are covetable pos- and local purposes. The author states that
follow met him, who cried out, :0 fool, since day sessions, and advantage has been taken of he could not discover evidence that they
and night are alike to thee, what use hast thou of unsold copies to make some corrections and
were given by the State or for the good of
this lamp? ' But the blind man laughed, and
the general public, as is contended by those
answered him, 'This lamp is not for me, nor to
improvements.
who advocate digendowment.
guide these blind eyes of mine. It is for ignorant Modern Business Practice : A COMPREHEN-
fools like thee, that they may not knock against me
FOREIGN.
and break my jar. '”
SIVE PRACTICAL GUIDE AND WORK OF
EFERENCE FOR OFFICE, WAREHOUSE,
General.
Perhaps one of the most charming chapters
is devoted to the Japanese, whose humour
EXCHANGE, AND MARKET, Vol. III.
Mercure de France, Ifr. 25 net.
Gresham Publishing Co.
is delightfully naive and encrusted with age.
Paris, 26, Rue de Condé
There is, as the author remarks, much salt less general than the second, and therefore English readers in the current number of
The third volume of this encyclopædia is Among the many articles of interest to
in some of their sayings :-
more useful. The analysis of Britain's place this periodical is an appreciation of Gran-
Very detestable is the snoring of a man whom in foreign markets is completed ; articles ville Barker and his work. That trans-
you are trying to conceal and who has gone to sleep by Mr. Chiozza Money and Lord Furness, cendental phenomenon Jeanne d'Arc is
in a place where he has no business. ”
on the relation of coal to our prosperity, | the subject of two important publications
Mr. Johnston's chapter on American and the commercial future of Britain, follow ; reviewed; and a work which avowedly owes
humour is an essay on his country's humorous and the book concludes with a clear and much to Mr. Wilfrid Ward's Life of New-
literature. He gives Mark Twain the place well-indexed summary of the law of contract, man,' 'Newman Catholique,' by Thureau-
of honour, and claims with some justice agency, partnership, sale and hire, and other Dangin, a study of the long years when the
that American humour first discovered the legal matters closely connected with busi- great intellectual was under a cloud, receives
child for purposes of literature ; he acknow-
On the whole, the signed work of the warm commendation. Classical scholars
ledges, however, that Budge and Toddy and specialists mentioned on the title - page will find strong support from the author
Tom Sawyer have no sisters, and pays : appears to fall below the standard of the of 'Les Humanités et les Ingénieurs,' who
generous tribute to Alice in Wonderland as other contributions. We may except from exposes the widespread discontent which
perhaps the high-water mark among little this Mr. A. E. Cave's note on Municipal the aristocracy of industry feel with regard
girls in litorature. "
Trading. Sir Thomas Lipton's hints on to 80-called modern education, and sup-
Space forbids more than a glimpse at the building up a business do not rise above the ports on practical
grounds the ancient
many nationalities of which he treats, but level of Samuel Smiles.
method-Greek and Latin included.
Wit,” says
>
ness.
## p. 624 (#468) ############################################
624
THE ATHENÆUM
No. 4414, JUNE 1, 1912
The latest recruit to the ranks of the Studies in Philosophy,' by M. Émile
publishers is Mr. Herbert Jenkins. For Boutroux, Member of the Institute and
Literary Gossip. more than ten years Mr. Jenkins was
Professor in the University of Paris. The
manager for Mr. John Lane. His own rendering has been made by Mr. Fred
ventures into literature include the Rothwell, one of the translators of Prof.
DR. R. Y. TYRRELL has a delightful Life of George Borrow,' which Mr. Bergson's : Essay on Laughter'. The
article in the June Nineteenth Century on
Metrical Versions of Horace's Odes,' Jenkins is also known as a Blake enthusiast spectively with the history of philosophy,
Murray published in the spring. Mr. book contains six studies, dealing re-
considered from the literary point of view.
He puts side by side various renderings he who discovered the State Papers cartes, and Kant.
on original lines of research ; for it was Socrates, Aristotle, Jacob Boehme, Des-
of famous passages and phrases, and spends relating to the poet's trial for high treason,
some time in demolishing Gladstones and the position of his grave in Bunhill Works of Francis Parkman’ is announced
A NEW pocket edition of the Collected
eulogy quite undeserved by the English Fields Cemetery. Associated
with the new by Messrs. Macmillan & Co. It will be
Like our reviewer in 1894, Dr. publishing venture are Sir George H. Chubb complete in twelve volumes.
Tyrrell has no difficulty in showing the and Mr. Alex. W. Hill. The new firm is
to be known as Herbert Jenkins, Limited,
MESSRS. CHATTO & WINDUS will publish
weakness of the Right Honourable versifier, and will occupy premises at 12, Arundel next Thursday in their series of Two-
and applauds-justly, we think-the merits
Place, Haymarket.
Shilling Net Novels,” which already
of Conington as the most successful seeker
includes works by Mr. Arnold Bennett,
after the impossible.
* THE CAMBRIDGE MODERN HISTORY Mrs. Perrin, and Mr. E. W. Hornung, a new
We hope he may be able to deal in ATLAS' will be published by the Cam- edition of Mr. John Ayscough's novel
another article with freer versions or bridge University Press on the 18th inst. Marotz. ' The book will contain a
paraphrases of Horace, such as that of The arrangement of the maps, 141 in specially written preface by the author.
Fortuna læto' by Dryden which was a
number, follows as far as possible the
favourite with Thackeray.
order of the narrative in The Cambridge
THE announcement by Messrs. Sampson
Modern History,' and an endeavour has Low of another edition of the sketches of
THE SPANISH ACADEMY OF LETTERS been made to insert all the place-names Caldecott shows that this delightful artist
has recently faced a problem similar to that occur in it. At the same time, the is not forgotten. His most active period
that which confronted French men of entire series is designed to stand by itself was during the seventies of last century,
science in the candidature of Madame as an atlas of modern history.
but his work has such charm and indi-
Curie. Public opinion and her profes-
viduality that he may be counted amongst
sional confrères favour the application in a series of maps of Europe and its edition Mr. Harold Armitage recalls the
The general idea is to illustrate, the immortals. In a preface to this
made by the Countess of Pardo Bazan, different countries,
as well as other
novelist and critic, for admission to the parts of the world associated with the tributions to The Graphic were received
pleasure with which his coloured con-
Real Academia Española, but that body progress of European history, the course at Christmas, 1876, and during a few of
maintains its conservative position, in
spite of the discovery of an eighteenth- fifteenth century has been transformed death in 1886.
of events by which the Europe of the the succeeding Yuletides until Caldecott's
century precedent in the person of a
into the Europe of the present day.
precocious young lady of seventeen years— Some of the maps are designed to illus-
CAVIARE' is the title of a novel which
honorary professor, examiner, and per: trate political divisions—others terri- Mr. Grant Richards has written, and which
manent adviser of the University of torial changes, wars by land or sea, the will appear on September 2nd. It will be
Alcala,
growth of particular States, the course of published at the same time in America
MR. WILLIAM P. LIVINGSTONE, chief religious changes, and the history of by Messrs. Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
sub - editor of the Evening News, has Colonial expansion.
' LIFE'S GREAT ADVENTURE' is a col-
been appointed editor of The Mission-
FOLLOWING on the Thackeray Centenary lection of essays on life for those at
ary Record of the United Free Church Celebrations in July, 1911, and the its threshold, from the pen of Mr.
of Scotland. Mr. Livingstone, who is a
recent Browning Centenary Celebrations, Francis Stopford, whose book of essays,
native of Fifeshire, had a business training it is the intention of the Fine Art The Toil of Life,' was favourably re-
in Edinburgh, after which he engaged in Society to hold an exhibition of MSS. , ceived when it appeared five years ago ;
editorial work in Jamaica, returning to letters, sketches, autographs, and relics it ran into a second edition, and still
England in 1904. Since then he has held of Thackeray and Browning in their finds new readers. Mr. Stopford's forth-
various journalistic posts.
Dudley Gallery, 169, Piccadilly. The coming volume follows the same lines, is
The first portion of the extensive exhibition will open early in July. With cheerful and optimistic in tone, and
library of the late Mr. Charles Letts will important as possible, the Society will different
a view to making it as complete and as contains many pen-pictures of scenes in
lands. The upbringing of
be sold next week by Messrs.
Hodgson, be glad to hear from any persons who children is dealt with in a frank manner:
and will occupy five days. Mr. Letts,
who was
a member of several of the MSS. connected with the novelist or the inspiration. The book will be published
possess objects of interest, sketches, of
f The author finds in nature his chief
learned societies, was widely known as an
enthusiastic collector of books. This por- poet, which owners are willing to lend for shortly by Messrs. Duckworth.
exhibition.
tion comprises the modern part of the
WITH the June number Rhythm,
library, and shows the many interests of In reply to the recent trade-union depu- which the St. Catherine Press publish,
the late owner.
tation to the Prime Minister which urged begins its monthly existence. It will
the nationalization of railways, Mr. contain, amongst other items, a short
A CORRESPONDENT writes :-
Asquith said that it was necessary for story by Frank Harris ; an article by
“ In your short notice of Mrs. O'Neill's further information to be obtained before Tristan Dereme; poems by W. H. Davies
'England in the Middle Ages' you repre any steps, one way or another, could be and W. W. Gibson ; _and drawings by
sent the statement that the University of taken. A book which Mr. Murray is Albert Marguet, J. D. Fergusson, and
Oxford 'came into being' in 1214. as publishing, by a well-known authority, Joseph Simpson.
minor inaccuracy. Is this fair in view of Mr. Edwin A. Pratt, entitled 'The State
the context of the passage ?
OWING to a regrettable oversight in
university 'with an autonymous constitu- Railway Muddle in Australia,' may pro-
tion of its own' (to quote Prof. Tout) did vide some opportune evidence on this proof-revision, we misprinted “Mabel”
for Rahel Tieck in our short notice of Mary
come into being in 1214. This is surely question.
suggested by the previous sentence : 'The
Hargrave's 'Some German Women and
Oxford schools had been active and dis-
MESSPS. MACMILLAN & Co.
have nearly their Salons, published by Mr. Werner
tinguished since the days of Henry II. '” ready an English version of Historical | Laurie.
&
## p. 625 (#469) ############################################
No. 4414, JUNE 1, 1912
THE ATHENÆUM
625
man.
obtained his data, which
are called
We have entered into a somewhat
SCIENCE
“ Family Records,” from numerous col- elaborate criticism of this book, chiefly
laborators. These data are frequently to warn intending writers on this subject
referred to, but always anonymously, and that the science on which eugenics is
Heredity in relation to Eugenics. By are largely derived from professional based is at the present moment in its
Charles Benedict Davenport. Williams circles, though not a few farmers and busi- infancy, and that it is useless to propound
& Norgate. )
ness men are included. In making these theories dealing with the reorganization
DURING the last few years the study of records our author thinks it is not necessary of society until that science can give
the laws of heredity on Mendelian lines for physicians to aid in the work of col- them some secure foothold.
We feel
has given a great stimulus to the idea laboration, though they can do so if they sure that human progress can never be
wish; and presumably the Eugenic Record based on the materialistic views of
breeding. We feel sure that eugenists of Office in New York is satisfied with the marriage suggested by the eugenist, and
all shades of opinion are animated by the diagnosis of family diseases as presented think that the laws regulating the pro
highest motives, and that they sincerely by the enthusiastic farmer and business gress of race-horses are not necessarily
believe that the methods which are used
Any one at all acquainted with applicable to man.
to modify the unit characters of plants
scientific subjects knows that anonymous
and animals can with equal success be
records are open to suspicion.
applied to man.
The medical profession are well aware
THE HORSE AND ITS
Mr. Davenport explains on the first that certain diseases are inherited, and
page of his book that
these observations from the Carnegie
DEVELOPMENT.
the eugenical standpoint is that of the Institution of Washington will not in: This is an excellent monograph upon the
agriculturist, who, while recognizing the
value of culture, believes that permanent author says in his Preface that modern evolution and natural history of one of
advance is to be made only by securing the medicine is responsible for the loss of the
most useful of domesticated animals.
best 'blood. ? "?
appreciation of the power of heredity: the horse is being supplanted by the
be that in the twentieth century
He goes on to say that
it has had its attention too exclusively petrol-driven motor, and that, in conse-
man is an animal, and the laws of improve- focussed on germs and conditions of life.
ment of corn and of race-horses hold true
for him also. Unless people accept this Pasteur our ignorance of certain diseases locomotion in less civilized countries, the
The truth is that before the days of quence, its numbers are lessening; but,
purposes of war, for sport, and for
simple truth, and let it influence marriage
selection, human progress will cease. ''
This authoritative statement, coming as an explanation, and used it as a cloak animal is still a necessity and a subject
from the American continent, suggests to hide our mental nakedness. If Mr. of perennial interest to a large section of
the community.
that possibly the collection of family Davenport had, instead of abusing the
Mr. Lydekker deals with the zoological
pedigrees there may have brought to profession, shown his proof-sheets to an
light many important facts which are expert, he would have been saved from position and structure of the horse, with
its origin and the various breeds into
unknown in this country. The reader making many mistakes. Tuberculosis is which it has developed ; he describes its
will, unfortunately, be sadly disappointed, placed in the lists of inherited diseases ;
particularly if he is a confirmed
eugenist but we would remind Mr. Davenport that congeners the onager, the zebra, and the
À more unscientific exposition of the the successful treatment and prevention ass, its hybrid the mule, and devotes a
subject has rarely been presented to the of the white scourge” are due to the fact final chapter to the extinct forerunners of
the
public.
that the profession have gradually but
genus.
Prof. Bateson, who is the chief authority surely given up the idea that it is viewed – e. g. , whether the preorbital
Many debatable questions
on Mendelism in this country, told us hereditary. Statistics go to prove that hollow is the site of a formerly existing
honestly in his Herbert Spencer Lecture in the great majority of
at Oxford that,
susceptibility to the attacks of the scent-gland, or, as Mr. Pocock maintains,
"in the case of the ordinary attributes of tubercle bacillus is not due to such a simply to provide increased surface for
normal man, we have as yet unimpeachable cause, but to want of food and fresh air, muscular attachment; whether the warty
evidence
of the manifestation of this system which combine in lowering the resisting growth or ergot-at the back of the
of descent for one set of characters only, power of the individual. The disease is fetlock is an aborted gland or, as has
namely, the colour of the eyes. "
most common amongst the poor, who are
been more generally supposed, a vestigial
He added that
often unable to procure the necessaries of remnant of the time when horses walked,
“ before science can claim to have any life.
at least partially, upon the sole of the
positive guidance to offer, numbers of
With regard to the treatment of the one toe. It is generally agreed that the
foot, instead of as now upon the tip of
untouched problems must be solved. We
need first some outline of an analysis of feeble-minded, we are glad to see that
callosities, or thickened, bare patches of
human characters, to know which are due Mr. Davenport favours segregation rather skin, on the legs of a horse are remains of
to the presence of positive factors and which than mutilation, though the drastic
propo- decadent glands, and have nothing to do
are due to their absence. ? ?
sitions of detention in Mr. McKenna's with foot-pads or vanished toes. As the
He went on to say that some of the Bill can only amount to spiritual mutila: author points out, these chestnuts, or
ingredient-factors have the property of tion. There is a general agreement callosities, are situated on the inner side,
inhibiting or masking the effects of other that something should be done
to
factors, and that sometimes there may be limit the production of offspring amongst the carpus or so-called knee, and therefore
not at the back of the limb, and are above
a combination or interaction of two or this class of the community. Though too high up to have any relation with the
more ingredients without producing any eugenists cannot claim to have ori-
foot.
perceptible sign of their presence. A ginated the idea of dealing with the
flower may be white because it lacks the feeble-minded, they have no doubt done the Barb are a species distinct from the
The question whether the Arab and
element which produces colour ; whilst a good deal in educating the public con, original tarpan-like horses of Western
another may be white, not for that cerning this important subject. We need Europe, or simply the product of selection
reason, but because it has, in addition, an not go into the author's definition of and breeding, is one of much interest.
element which suppresses pigmentation. feeble-mindedness, as this is a problem Mr. Lydekker appears to incline to the
Mr. Davenport apparently agrees with which will have to receive very careful former opinion, and suggests the possi-
Prof. Bateson, yet he gives a long list consideration by experts; but there is not bility of the Arab being the descendant
of inheritable family traits occupying the slightest doubt that the cases on the of the Siwalik horse from Southern Asia ;
153 pages, including both normal and borderland will present a problem of but in all these critical discussions, if we
abnormal characters, with no indication great difficulty, and indeed, widespread
whether they are due to the presence or injustice, if the present Bill becomes The Horse and its Relatives.
absence of positive factors. He has operative,
Lydekker. (Allen & Sons. )
are re-
cases
By R.
## p. 626 (#470) ############################################
626
No. 4414, JUNE 1, 1912
THE ATHENÆUM
Α
2
>
THE
have a fault to find, it is that the author while the budding engineer will learn much student should be encouraged to read
gives us too much of the opinions of from its well-illustrated pages.
subsequently the works mentioned on p. 62,
others, and not enough of his own.
He In addition to the various complete which deal in a fuller manner with the
refers to the horse as possessing the maxi. engines, Mr. Garratt devotes a considerable radiation of energy.
mum speed of which the inammalian portion of his volume to their adjuncts, such Russell (Rollo), PREVENTABLE CANCER, 4/8
-heaters;
organization is capable: if he means by all descriptions, including the sleeve-valve
Longmans
this over short distances as well as long, used in the Daimler motor-car engines ; con-
This is a book dealing with cancer sta-
we are not sure that the statement is densers; and air-pumps, including the “ Ed-author thinks that cancer could be prevented
tistics in various parts of the world. The
correct.
wards” type of pump.
if people paid more attention to diet. His
The horse is often cited as the mammal
We suggest that an improvement in the
whose evolutionary history is best known, describing the various boilers before begin- deal to do with the supposed increase of
arrangement of the work could be made by argument is
, unfortunately, not at all con-
vincing. Improved diagnosis has a great
for its gradual development from primitive, ning the subject of the generation of steam,
many-toed animals no larger than foxes is rather than interpolating them, as at present, the countries where medical education is at
cancer, for this has taken place in
almost completely revealed by the records into the middle of chap. iii.
The only omission we have noticed is the system of collecting statistics in various
of the Tertiary and Pleistocene strata.
its highest development. Unfortunately,
Prof. Osborn includes all these ancestral the rotary engine of the Gnome type, such countries differs considerably, so that it is
|
types with the modern horse in the one
as is used in aeroplanes. In view of difficult to compare their results.
family, Equidæ ; but the differences are
the rapid developments in this direction
marked, and it is safer to break them
some description of its working would have Science Progress in the Twentieth Century,
been appropriate, and will no doubt be added a Quarterly Journal of Scientific Work
up, as the author proposes, into the three to future editions. There is, by the way, an and Thought, No. 24, April, 5/
families of Equidæ, Anchitheriidæ, and error in one of the references. On p. 229,
John Murray
Hyracotheriidæ.
“Fig. 125" should evidently read Fig. 128. This excellent quarterly journal contains
Mr. Lydekker concludes with a profes- Hutchinson's Popular Botany, Part IV. , 7d.
many interesting articles by well-known
authorities. It is catholic in its views,
sion of faith which in the present day is, net.
perhaps, worth recording. He says :
This ‘Popular Botany' continues to be
and we can strongly recommend it to all
those interested in scientific problems.
good, and, when completed, promises inter-
“That all these marvellous changes and esting results, both to botanical students United States National Museum: 1884, ON
adaptations are not due to any mere 'blind and to readers without scientific knowledge.
AN IMPORTANT SPECIMEN OF EDESTUS,
struggle for existence' or 'survival of the The illustrations are excellent.
WITH DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES,
fittest," but that they were directly designed Lockyer (Sir Norman), THE SPECTRUM OF
EDESTUS MIRUS, by Oliver Perry Hay;
and controlled by an Omniscient and
COMET BROOKS (1911 c), and ON THE
1896, New PEDICULATE FISHES FROM
Omnipotent Creator, is the settled and final
IBON FLAME SPECTRUM AND THOSE OF
PHILIPPINE ISLANDS AND CON-
opinion of the author of this volume. ”
SUN-SPOTS AND LOWER-TYPE STARS.
TIGUOUS WATERS, by Lewis Radcliffe ;
A word of praise is due to the photo- Both reprinted from the Proceedings of
1900, DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES
OF PARASITIC COPEPODS IN THE COL-
graphic illustrations, which are excellent, the Royal Society.
and a great assistance to the text. People's Books : LORD KELVIN,
LECTIONS OF THE MUSEUM, by Charles
by A.
Branch Wilson ;
1901, NOTES ON
Russell, 6d. net.
Jack
FRESH-WATER COPEPODA IN THE Mu-
A capital little biography by an old
student of the famous Professor. It covers
SEUM, by C. Dwight Marsh ; 1902,
DESCRIPTIONS OF CERTAIN SPECIES OF
NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS. the ground well and avoids trivialities,
WASPS OF THE FAMILY SPHECIDÆ, by
though the author seems excessively at-
(Notico in these columns does not preclude longer tracted by Senior Wranglers. Some words
Henry T. Fernald ; and 1903, ADDI-
review. )
TIONS TO THE WEST AMERICAN PYRA-
might, perhaps, have been added concerning
MIDELLID MOLLUSK FAUNA, WITH DE-
Collie (Sir John) and Wightman (C. F. ), Kelvin's simplicity of character and manners.
FIRST AID IN ACCIDENTS, 9d. net. Gili He might well have been priggish, in view
SCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES, by Paul
Bartsch. REPORT ON THE PROGRESS
Student's edition.
of his upbringing and scientific distinction
at an early age.
AND CONDITION OF THE MUSEUM FOR
Fabre (J. -H. ), LES RAVAGEURS : RÉCITS
THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1911.
THE FOUNDATIONS OF
SUR LES INSECTES NUISIBLES À L'AGRI- People's Books :
Washington, Govt. Printing Office
CULTURE, 3fr. 50.
Paris, Delagrave
SCIENCE, by W. C. D. Whetham ; and
M. Fabre is the village schoolmaster who
RADIATION, by P. Phillips, 6d. net each.
Wild Flowers in their Home Series: No. 1,
Jack
WILD FLOWERS OF THE HEDGEROW ;
awoke one morning to find that his ‘La Vie
des Insectes' had made him famous. He physical, biological, and psychological
Adopting the threefold division of science
and No. 2, WILD FLOWERS OF THE
Wood, both by W. Percival Westell
,
has written since many charming studies
Mr. Whetham, in the limited space at
with six Coloured and twenty Black-
in natural history which have placed him his disposal, puts before his readers in a
and-white Illustrations by C. F. Newell
,
in the front rank of European naturalists.
1/ net each.
Werner Laurie
This book, dealing chiefly with insects of masterly way the chief results that have
been reached in each division in the
These volumes are weak in method,
the predatory class, is no prosy entomological
manual, but is full of feeling for nature attempt to construct a consistent model of and contain some sentimentalizing
and of keen observation, to which must be phenomena and their relations. The brief flowers. The cataloguing of plants without
added a gift of expression which makes
any regard to the natural orders in which
survey presented here is brought right up
learning delightful. The chapters are
to date, and the reader who wishes to they have been classified does not seem " to
thrown into the form of dialogues, and pursue his studies in greater detail in any point the way to the beginner," but rather
to leave him without any conception of the
the discussion is sprightly
throughout. particular direction will find that he has
laid a good foundation for progress.
characteristics which mark the most familiar
Those interested in fieldwork and nature
study cannot afford to neglect a charming the character of the waves which constitute books are said not to be concerned with
Mr. Phillips deals with the investigation of orders of wood and hedge flowers. The
and informative book.
light and heat, and their relationship to dry details of structure or classification **;
Garratt (Herbert A. ), HEAT ENGINES, 6/ electro-magnetic waves. The subject of but if those hedge plants found during the
Arnold radio-activity is expressly excluded from spring months, belonging to the same orders,
Mr. Garratt's position as Principal of the consideration. The author labours under had been arranged side by side, the young
London County Council School of Engineer the disadvantage of having to attempt reader would have unconsciously begun to
ing and Navigation is a guarantee that his detailed explanations of physical processes see the bare skeleton upon which our floral
technical knowledge will not be found without the aid of laboratory demonstrations, system has been arranged. The uncoloured
at fault; but it is not only on this account and does not always succeed in presenting illustrations tend to be finicking, and do not
that the book is praiseworthy, for the the details of his subject in a clear manner.
reach the high
standard of accuracy
information it contains is given more Thus the explanation of electro-magnetic desirable in scientific
drawing.
lucidly, and is expressed in better style, than waves, and of their modifications which Zimmer (George Frederick), DICTIONARY OF
is often the case in books of the sort. result in Hertzian waves (the foundation of
Engineers who are concerned in the design- wireless telegraphy), will, we fear, tend rather
BOTANICAL NAMES, 2/6 net.
ing and manufacture of every type of prime to confuse than to enlighten the tyro.
Routledge
mover actuated by heat, whether recipro- But the brevity that is imposed on the and terms with their English equivalents,
A popular dictionary of botanical names
cating or rotary, stationary or locomotive, author by the size of the book is partly intended for botanists and horticulturists,
will find this a handy desk-book for reference, I responsible for this, and the enthusiastic as well as amateurs interested in the subject
over
1
## p. 627 (#471) ############################################
No. 4414, JUNE 1, 1912
627
THE ATHENAUM
OF
Dr. W. T. Calman read a short paper describing
SOCIETIES.
a new genus and species of the Crustacean order
Science Gossip.
Branchiura.
SOCIETY ANTIQUARIES. —May 23. -Dr. A parasite of fishes collected by Mr. Spencer THE proceedings at the gatherings of the
C. H. Read, President, in the chair.
Moore at Corumba, Matto Grosso, Southern
Optical Convention on Tuesday, June 25th,
Mr. R. T. Günther gave an account of some
Brazil, was referred to a new genus as follows :
further researches on the site of the Imperial Dipteropeltis, gen. n. Differing from Argulus in
will be of an astronomical character, and for
Villa situated at the end of Posilipo, near Naples, having no spine on the preoral papilla ; in having that day Fellows of the Royal Astronomical
and described a Roman mural glass mosaic the antennules and antennæ very minute and Society may become Honorary Members
found at the back of a small niche in the ruins. imperfectly segmented ; in having no large spines of the Convention.
The mosaic is of interest on account of the charm-
or hooks on the under surface of the carapace,
The programme will include, in the
ingly natural rendering of the subject, a white body, or appendages ; in having no furcal rami
bird flying over some plants grouped behind a
on the abdomen ; and in having the lateral wings morning, a reception by the Astronomer
yellow trellis, the whole being inlaid in a back- of the carapace greatly elongated. Genotype, Royal, Vice-President of the Convention,
ground of deep blue cobalt-stained glass mosaic.
D. hirundo, sp. n. , with the characters of the genus. to be followed by the reading of papers
The borders are ornamented with cockle-shells and
G.
spirally twisted glass rods, and are coeval in Second Contribution to our Knowledge of the bearing upon astronomical optics; in the
afternoon, a visit to the Royal Observatory,
style with the mosaic fountain-niches at Pompeii. Varieties of the Wall-Lizard. ' This paper was a
A chemical analysis of the green tesseræ was made
continuation of one published in the Society's Greenwich; and in the evening a public
by Mr. J. J. Manley, who discovered that the Transactions in 1905, and dealt chiefly with the lecture.
peculiar colour was partly due to the presence of
variations of Lacerta muralis in South-Eastern The reception will be held in the Science
a minute quantity (1. 25 per cent. ) of oxide of Europe and South-Western Asia.
