No More Learning

In following him, the hurt was his master. And the lieutenant was com
yours; if you had been a good subject, and had manded avoid the prisoner. —God save
regard of your duty, you might and should Queen Elizabeth.
-
58. The Arraignment CoTTAM, Joh Nso
EDMUND CAM proN, SHERWIN, Bosc RAyr, BR1stow, RBIE, and ORTox, for High
Treason 24 ELIz.
Bib. Cott. 1014. Phoenix Britannicus, 481. ]
1581.
Now first published. [MS.
THE 12th November, 1581, the King's* shall tried, and therefore you must now
bench, Westminster, the parties abovenanied spare speech and reserve till then,
were indicted High Treason, namely, that which time you shall have full liberty de they the days the last March and April fence, and me sit indifferent between her anno 22d Eliz. Rheimes Champaign, majesty and yourself, wherefore now the In Rome, and other places beyond the seas, had dictment whether you Guilty Not. conspired the death the queen's majesty, the Then they were arraigned, severally and se overthrow the religion now professed verally; every one pleaded Not Guilty. The England, the subversion the state, and that 20th Nov. next following, the said persons for the attempt thereof they had stirred were led the bar for their Trial, the Jury strangers invade this realm; moreover that was demanded, which presently appeared. the 8th May next following, they took their The Clerk the Crown read the Indictment,
journey from Rheimes towards England per and declared the charge the jurors was, That suade and seduce the queen's subjects the they found the paties here indicted Guilty Romish religion. obedience the Pope, from the treasons, have fled for any them, their duties and allegiance her highness, and they should then enquire what lands, tene that the 1st June they arrived this coun ments, goods, and chattels, they had the try for the self-same purpose.
Whereupon the parties mentioned were brought from the Tower the bar hear
this Indictment which was read unto them. Campion. protest before God and his an gels, heaven and earth, and before this tri
-time the treasons committed any time since, and they found them Not Guilty, then
bunal, which pray God may mirror
the judgment come, that am Not Guilty could have wished likewise that for the pre
these reasons contained the Indictment, vention any other whatsoever; and prove verally
these things against me merely impossible. rying
Lord Chief Justice, (sir Christopher Wray. ) nearly unto our lives, each one might
The time not yet come wherein you have had one day for his trial. For albeit
Sic MIS.
acknowledge the Jurors wise men and much experienced such causcs, yet the
say so, and more.
Campion. My lord, for much our sur
mised oftences are severally, that the one not tainted with the crime the other, the offence one not being the offence all,
confusion, we might also have been se licted, and that our Accusations car
eat importance, and tending
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1051) STATE TRIALS, 24 Eliz. 1581. -Arraignment of Edmund Campion, [1052
Evidence being given or rather handicti' at her, favourable his mercy towards us, that once, must needs breed a confusion in the Jury, neither they thereby have been bettered, nor and perhaps such a misprusion of matters, as her estate impaired, nor our quiet diminished,
they may take the Evidence against one to be for who knoweth not the rebellions and up against all, and consequently the crime of the roars the North, who remembereth not the one for the crime of the other, and finally the tragical pageant Storie, who still seeth not guilty to be saved, and the guiltless to be con the traitcrous practices Felton Prevailed demned; wherefore, I would it had pleased they against her, was not their strength van
your lordship that the Indictment had been quished, were not their policies frustrated, did several, and that we might have had several not God detect them and protect her her
days of trial *.
Hudson. It scemeth well Campion that -you
safety and their perdition The matter fresh reunembrance. Their quarters are yet scarce consumed; they were discovered, they werc
have had your counsel.
Campion. No counsci but a pure con convicted, they suffered, we saw you
science. ask from whence these Treasons and seditious
Lord Chief Justice. Although if many be Conspiracies had their first offspring, ask indicted at once, the Indictment in respect of from whence they could have but from the them containing their names well itself the pope For we inspect the Nor yet itself being framed against several per thern seditions, was that was not only sons cannot but several the trial, the encouragement, but also being put flight whereof evidence shall particularly given was their refuge. we mean Storie, was against every one, and the matters objected that was the sworn liege and lord per every one shall have his particular answer, jured subject; we look Felton,
that the jury shall have things orderly; not was that excommunicated the queen and the withstanding would have wished also, that commoualty that did her obedience. Finally, every one should have had his several day we recount all the Treasons and Rebellions
assigned him, had the time permitted, but that have been conspired since the first hour since cannot be otherwise we must take generation, was and principally he,
as is. that suborned them. What, then, are we Whereupon the queen's counsel Mr. Ander think these latest and present conspiracies
son, Mr. Popham (Attorney General) and Mr. have been done either unwitting unwilling Egerton (Solicitor General) prepared give the pope Shall we deny either Campion
Evidence, and first Mr. Anderson spake effect followeth
Anderson. With how good and gracious prince the Almighty hath blessed this land, continuing the space years, the peace, the tranquility, mercies and abundant supplies, but especially the light and success the gospel, where with since her majesty's first reign this realin hath flourished above other, most evidently doth manifest; the which, not withstanding they ought have stirred
into most dutiful allection and zealous love unto her crown, for whose sake and whose means, next under God, we enjoy these pros perities; yet hath there not from time time, been wanting amongst mischievous and evil disposed enemies her felicity, which either
insolent and open denouncing war
secret and privy practices sinister devices, have ambitiously and most disloyally attempted
spoil her her right, and these bless ings yet such hath been God's incomparable puissance against them, tender his care over
This objection secins not altogether
groundless. and are tried together for fe
lony, witness swears that confessed him
his companions without the pope's assent consent have conspired these matters beyond the seas themselves? Why? had they en tertainment his hands Did he bestow no
thing upon them for their maintenance was there no cause which either he should do for
them they for him, they papists, pope they flying their country, receiving them they Jesuits, their founder; supreme head, they sworn members; their chief provost, they his dearest subjects; how can
but was privy, privy nay the author and setter on We see that other treasons have
been squared his platforms, and had
direction this, came the rest from him and
came not this near him impossible. An
enemy the crown, professed scourge
the gospel, envying the tranquillity the one,
impatient the success the other, what would he not do subvert them both He
hath been always like himself, and never liker ought than this, He knew well enough
foreign hostility was convenient. The Span iard would be discovered the Frenchman
would suspected; the Roman not beloved. How then Forsooth, men born and bred
our own nation, perfect our own tongue and
that together with and another, com language, instructed our own Universities
mitted the felony question, the judge summing tells the jury that this evidence
—they and only they must endeavour our overthrow. what order They must come secretly into the realm, they must change their
against but not against danger that the minds
fluenced with regard
See too the case Coke Woodburne,
1721.
yet there jurymen will
great
in habit and names; they must dissemble their
the case
vocations, they must wander unknown—to what end To dissuade the people from their Allegiance their prince, reconcile them. "
to
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for traiterous and being, reason they
should have the law and the due punishment
ordained for traitors, the which her majesty's
behalf we pray that they may have, and that
the Jury upon our allegation may pass for the Trial.
This Speech, very vehemently pronounced with grave and austere countenance, dismay them all, and made them very impatient and troublesomely affected; for seemed their
hatred with the Jury, and
ter conclude him guilty
duced the queen's subjects from their allegiance
her majesty What can more unlikely We are dead men the world, we only travel led for souls; we touched neither state nor po licy, we had such commission. Where was, then, outr seducing? Nay, but we reconciled them the pope; nay, what reconciliation can there him, since reconciliation
a
1053] STATE TRIALS, Eliz. 1581—and others, High Treason. [1054
to the pope, to plant the Romish Religion, sufficient evidence and substantial wit to supplant both prince and province—by nesses. For, otherwise, had been very un what means ? By saying of Mass, by adminis equally provided that upon the descanting and tering the Sacrament, by hearing Confessions. flourishes affected speeches, man's life When these things were purposed, endea should brought into danger and extremity, voured, and practised them, whether were that, upon the persuasion any orator they guilty these treasons no? not, vehement pleader without witness viva voce then add this, for them they were parties testifying the same, man's offence should
the rebellion the North, they were instru judged reputed mortal. so, see not ments the practices Storie, they were what end Mr. Serjeant's oration tended, ministers execute the Bull sent from Pius see end, see but frustrate, for the Quintus against her majesty. How appeareth
that How should appear better, than
your own Speeches and Examinations. They
highly commended the Rebellion the North;
they greatly rejoiced the constancy Storie; must weighed, but witnesses, oaths, &c. — divers their counsel and conferences was re Whereto, then, appertaineth these objections quired for the Bull. Yea, and which more Treason He barely affirmeth, we flatly and yet sticketh our stomachs, they afforded deny them. But let examine them, how such large commendations Saunders, liking will they urge us? We fled our country, what and extolling his late proceedings Ireland, that The pope gave entertainment, how that cannot be otherwise intended but that then We are Catholics, what that
thereof they also have been partakers. To the purpose We persuaded the people, what conclude, what lenity may we hope for from the followeth We are therefore Traitors. We pope, what fidelity from their hands that have deny the sequel, this more necessary
me you should frame this reason, My parents are thieves, my companions suspected persons, myself evil liver, and laid the mutton”,
distemperature that sounded very criminously only due God? This word soundeth not their Trial, and therefore utterly denying lawyer's usage and therefore wrested
that was alledged, they protested themselves against unaptly. The reconciliation that we
true and faithful subjects; only Campion bare out best, and yet somewhat amazed, and de
endeavoured was only God, and Peter saith reconciliacio Domine; what resteth then
against us? That we were privy the Rebel
Inanded Mr. Anderson, whether an orator accuse them,
give evidence.
came pleader
lion ters
the North, instruments Storie, minis Felton, partakers with Sanders. How forsooth, must presumed. Why? be
Justice. You must have patience with him and the rest likewise; they being
the Queen's Council they speak other intent than duty her majesty and can
cause we commended some, some we rejoiced at, concerning some we gave counsel and con ference. How appeareth that? our own speeches, nothing less. God our witness we nover meant we drearned not. These matters ought proved and not urged, de clared evidence and not surmised fancy, nothwithstanding ought so, yet must all circumstances note for Traitors. Indeed,
yet that laid against us, but bare cir
not but marvel that men your profession should upon any such occasion, much dis tempered, for concerning the matters which
my brother Anderson hath alledged, they but inducements the point itself, and thereto every one shall have his several Answer.
Whereupon, Campion for himself and his
Companions answered unto Mr. Anderson's cumstances, and sufficient arguments
Speech followeth
Campion. The wisdom and providence
prove Traitors, much that we think ourselves very hardly dealt with, that for want proof we must answer circumstances. Well, circumstances other remember, this was
Sic MS.
the laws England, take such proceedeth not the trial any man for life and death shifts probabilities and con
jectural surmiscs, without proof the crime
crime but trifles, the law hath his passage, the theft but halfpenny, witnesses are produced, that probabilities, aggravations, invectives, are not the balance wherein justice
-
without danger, whose departure was
vowed themselves unto him, what trust may than sheep had been stolen, and accuse
|.
abilities, not one amongst all, but note them these odious circumstances
the country repose them that have fled and renounced their country How can their return
Note circuinstances, note pro therefore stole the sheep. Who seeth not but
bring necessary mat
Yea, but we se
man
of : as
in it
of it, is
be ; for as so of a
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in
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1055] STATE TRIALS, 24 Eliz. 1581—Arraignment of Edmund Campion, - [1056
this were all, this was nothing. God's behalf we pray that better used, and that our lives not
naries make two personal Oaths; the one and conditions. Was such liberality the
and Wherefore,
Proof may
brought prejudice conjectures.
Queen's Counsel. the use of all Semi
nary men the first entrance into their Semi some more, some less, according your degrees
into book called Bristow's Motives for the fulfilling matters therein contained the
other unto the pope true him and his successors: the which Oaths, there neither
pope's without cause: No had end; and what end should that be, but by your privy inveigling and persuasions set on foot his devices and treacheries.
but traiterous, for how can man be faithful Campion. We received him according
to our state and swear performance those Motives; true liege his sovereign, and swear
fealty the pope, forasmuch the one quite contrary our laws and government,
the other the most mortal enemy her majesty hath?
the rate thought best bestow We saw neither cause why refuse neither means how come hither pennyless; was his liberality that supplied our need. What would you have We took was that Treason But was end grant had been no end, had been vain; and what end should that be, merely preach the Gos
Campion. What Oaths Seminary men
their first entrance take, whether Bristow's
Motives repugnant our laws no, not pel? treacheries, such end was intended. any thing material our Indictment, for that There was Witness produced named we are neither Seminary men nor sworn our Caddy, Cradocke, who deposed, generally,
entrance any such motives; but were
that any Seminary Men stood here for trial, this matter could prove great Evidence against them, for that none are sworn such Articles Bristow's, but young striplings that
under tuition; whereas unto men riper years and better grounded points Religion
against them all, that being beyond the seas
heard the Holy Vow made between the pope and the English priests, for the restoring and establishing Religion England; for
the which purpose, two hundred priests should come into the realm, the which matter was de clared Ralph Shelley English knight, and captain the pope, and that should con
you do, stubbornly that religion which might any cloak colour such Treasons.
Queen's Counsel. All you jointly and seve rally have received money the pope spend your journeys. Some two hundred crowns,
(as most England are before they pass the
seas) that Oath never administered, and then dict army into England, for the subduing
many study else flourisheth Rome wherein both Seminary men and others are far better employed than they otherwise could read ing English pamphlets.
Kirble. think my conscience there not four Books of these Bristow's Motives all the Seminaries.
the realm unto the pope, and the destroying the Heretics. Whereto Ralph made an swer, that would rather drink poison with Themistocles than see the overthrow of his
country: and added further, that thought
the catholics England would first stand arms against the pope before they would join
Thereupon they
were indicted
under vizard that they should condemned
such enterprize.
Queen's Counsel. The matter flat
-
cried, whereas they Treason they feared lest
the
Holy Vow was made, two hundred priests had Religion, and prove that Campion framed their charge appointed, the Captain General
reason manner following: was mentioned, our destruction purposed. Campion. There was offer made unto us, then, we confer likely heads together, what that we would come the Church hear more apparent than that those two hun dred priests, you made number, and there
Sermons and the Word preached, we should
liberty: Pascall and Ni culpable offences the Church and acceptance
set large, and colls, otherwise we, upon coming
that offer, were received grace and had
their Pardon granted; whereas they had the number, and therefore privy and parties been happy have persevered the the Treason here conclusion without any end, they had been partakers our calamities. affinity the premises; first Holy Vow, Wherefore, liberty were offered con then establishment Religion. What co dition come Church and hear sermons, lour there here left for Treason All the
and that could we not professing our treason rehearsed imputed Ralph Shel Religion, then change our religion and ley; not one syllable thereof was referred become Protestants, that forsooth was that the priests. But granting, and which the wit
that should purchase liberty. that our Religion was cause our Imprisonment and
the consequence our condemnation.
Attorney General. All these matters the
time Nicoll's enlargement were altogether
unknown, and not once suspected neither can we now conjecture that was guilty any
such drift purpose, that stood not,
nesses have not deposed, namely, that we were some these two hundred priests; you see sir Ralph Shelly Catholic, the Pope's captain,
Layman, would rather drink poison than agree such Treason, like that priests, devotaries and dead men the world, would anywise consent unto, that this Deposition more for
fore parties and privy the Treason. Campion. Two hundred priests made
Holy Vow labour for restoring Religion. seemeth, likelihood, that we made
than against us.
a of
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it, to
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:
of
be
all ;
up to a
of
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us tois
;
to if all So us
be
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itat is so
;
be
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he do to or be by toinso in no
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1057] STATE TRIALS, 24 Eliz. 1581. —and others, for High Treason. [1058
Then was order taken that every man's Evi dence should be particularly read against him self, and every one to have his several answer; and first against Campion.
Queen's Counsel. About ten years since you, Campion, were received into conference with the cardinal of Sicily, concerning the Bull wherein Pius 5 did excommunicate the Queen, the nobility, and commonalty, of this realin ; discharging such of them as were I’apists from
from Dr. Allen unto Dr. Sanders Ireland, wherein Allen sheweth why the Insurrection
the North prevailed not, was two respects, either that God reserved England for greater lague, for that the catholics other places
not intelligence the purpose for other
wise, that could not badly have succeeded: this Letter moreover was contain that—"
feared the war child doth the rod, and that
their obedience to her majesty, the which Con him.
times will ready with 200 aid
ference cannot otherwise be referred, than to
the putting in execution of the Bull; so that
the Bull containing manifest treason, whereto
you were privy. Doth that prove you a Traitor? the overthrow this realm, the destruction of
Campion. You, Men of the Jury, I pray her majesty, and the placing the Scottish
queen governess England, could not any ways have escaped your knowledge; for being
sent from Prague, where your abode was, Rome, and then the Pope charged presently
towards England, what other drift could this, such sudden ambassage, portend, than the practising and execution such Conspiracy
you listen. This concerneth me only, and
thereto this I answer. True it that
my first arrival into Rome (which now about ten
years past) was my hap have access
the said cardinal, who having some liking
me, would have been the means prefer me any place service, whereunto should
Queen's Counsel. What army and host men, the Pope the aid the king
Spain and the duke Florence had levied for
have most fancy; but being resolved what Whereof you are also the more suspect
course take, answered, that meant not
serve any man, but enter into the Society Jesus, thereof vow and professed. Then being demanded further, what opinion had conceived the Bull; said, procured much severity England, and the heavy hand
ed, for much your coming from Rome towards England, you entered into certain privy conference with Dr. Allen break these matters the English Papists withdraw the people from their due allegiance and prepare them receive these foreign powers.
her majesty against the catholics. Where Campion. When was received into the unto the cardinal replied, that doubted not Order Jesuits, vowed three things, inci but should mitigated such sort, that the dent my calling, Chastity, Poverty and Obe
catholics should acknowledge her highness their queen without danger excommunica tion and this was the speech had with the cardinal, which can wise construed
offence, and therefore, much less the lcast point Treason.
dicnce. Chastity abstaining from fleshly appetites and concupiscences. Poverty de spising worldly wealth lying upon the devo tion others. Obedience dutifully execut ing the commandment my superiors. re spect which Vow inveighing obedience, came, being sent for from Prague Rome, having not much the smallest inkling
Queen's Counsc'. We can impute by your words than mitigation
more the Bull
against the catholics only that the prin these supposed armies, nor the least inclina
cipal, which was the excommunication her majesty, was left still force, not detected
you, and therefore your privity thereto conclud eth you Traitor.
Campion. My privity thereto enforceth not consenting; nay, rather proveth my disa greement, that said procured much severity, and therefore being here published before could detect (for who knew not that the queen England was excommunicated) excused my privity and exempted me from Treason.
tion put any such thing practice, but there rested for eight days attending the plea sure my provost, who last according
have executed and was ready and willing Queen's Counsel. You had conference with discharge, had been sent the Indians
the bishop Ross, professed papist and uttermost regions the world, was being mortal enemy the state and crown Eng sent into my native country. the which land; and what end should any such com voyage cannot deny but that dined with Dr.
Allen Rheims, with whom also after dinner walked his garden, spending our time
speeches which referred our old familiarity for religion affection, think little pertinent and acquaintance during the whole course
munication had, but for the practising such Treasons had been conspired
Campion. What the bishop Ross either
me, much less this purpose; but for the Conference past between him and me, utterly deny that ever there was any, and there
thereof take God witness) not one iota
proved.
The Clerk the Crown read Letter sent
fore
WOL.
MS.
my Vow
the
grace God,
will
&.
case violate) appointed me undertake
this Journey into England, which, accordingly, enterprized, being commanded thereunto not
Traitor conspire the subversion my
country, but priest minister the Sacra ments, hear Confessions; the which ambas
sage protest before God would gladly
our talk glanced England; neither had
Sic
the crown state the least notice any
I.
to it a to
a
he be to is, of heI it I
to asof let I an: it
be of
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of
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it
of it so of toI tois
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of
1050) STATE TRIALS, 24 Eliz. 1581. -Arraignment of Edmund Campion, [1069
Letters sent to Sanders, nor the smallest glim Were they commended him, are they con mering of these objected platforms. --The n, as demned ide, the same cause was counion
for being Procurator from the pope and Dr. both, and shall the effect peculiar the Allen, I must needs say there could no one one wished earnestly the planting of the thing have been inferred more contrary, for as gospel. knew contrary religion professed. concerning the one, he datly with charge and saw were known should apprehend commandment excused me from matters of ed. changed my name: kept secretly. state and regiment; the other sought no such imitated Paul. Was therein traitor But
duty and obedience unto as to execute matters repugnant to my chage. But admitting (as
the wearing bus jerkin, velvet hat, and
such like much forced against me, ti. ough the wearingdoingany apparel were treason, that were ever the more traitor.
# protest he did not) that Dr. Allen had con
municated such assairs unto me: yet for that
he was not my superior it had been full apos
tacy in me to obey him. Dr. Allen for his
learning and good religion I reverence, but ment. Indeed, acknowledge offence
neither was I his subject or inferior, nor he the God for doing, and thereof
man at whose cominandment I rested.
Queen's Counsel. Were it not that your
dealing afterwards had fully bew rayed you,
your present Specch perhaps had been more
credible; but afterclaps make those ex
cuses but shadows, and your deeds and actions
prove your words but forged; for what mean jug had that changing your name, whereto
belong your disguising apparel, can these
alterations wrought without suspicion Your name being Causpion, why were you called Isastings?
You priest and dead the world, what pleasure irad you royst that
repent me and therefore you see me.
velvet hat and feather, buff leather Rack, come Rope. ”
jerkin, velvet venetians, are they weeds for dead Queen's Counsel. What can sound more
men Can that beseem professed man
suspiciously nearer unto Treason, than this
Letter? grieveth him have bew rayed his favourers the catholics, and the rein he linketh have wrought prejudice Religion. What,
then, may we think that concealeth must needs be some grievous matter and very precious, that neither the Rack nor the Rope can wring from him. For his conscience being
religion which hardly becometh layman
gravity No; there was further matter in
am not indicted upon the statute Apparel, neitic ris any part this present arraign
did grievously now penance
rug gown, and great blacking strap covering half his face, &e. The Clerk of the Crown read Letter sent from Campion unto one Pound catholic, part the contents whereof was this, “It grieveth me much have offended the catholic cause so
highly, confess the Names some gentle men and friends whose houses had been
entertained yet this greatly cherish and comfort myself, that never discovered any secrets there declared, and that will not, come
He was newly shaven,
tended; your lurking and lying hid secret
places, concludeth with the rest, mischievous
meaning: had you come hither for love your country, you would never have wrought
had your intent been have done ell,
you would never have hated the light, and not called question nor sifted any point
therefore this beginning decyphereth your Trea religion, no doubt, there had not been fur
son.
Campion. At what time the primitive church was persecuted and that Paul laboured the propagation and increase the Gospel, not
unknown, what straits and pinches and his foliows were aversely driven, wherein though purpose were already resolved rather
yield himself marty doin, than shrink
ther devices and affairs of the state and com
monwealth attempted, we should well have discovered the matter the per-on wiete fore, were well these hidden secrets were re vealed, and then would appear the very face of these treasons.
and covenants such charge and vocation belonging, whereby sustain office and duty
priesthood that consisteth slating and we read sundry shifts whereto betook hearing confessions, respect where my
him, increase God's number and shuu per
secution; but estic tally the changing
name was very ort and familiar, whereby
opportunity and occasion was ministered,
termed himself now Paul now Saul; neither
was opinion always known, but
sometime thought expedient hidden,
least bring discovered persecution should ensue,
and thereby the Gospel greatly fore-talled.
Stich was his meaning, was his purpose, hood, was accustomed privy divers won beinz penance for points religion mens secrets, and those not such concerned
secretly stole out prison basket. State Commonwealth, whereunto my au these shifts were then approved, why are they thority was not extended, but such
now reproved ine? , Apostle, Jesuit. charged the grieved soul and conscience where
noch from the truth
preached; yet any
hope means appeared escape, and living
might benefit the church more than dying,
his
first conservation (as other priests ac cepted must do) solemnly took and vowed God never disclose any secrets confessed.
Campton. As priest have
am profession and calling singly vowed all conditions
The force and effect of which vow such as whereby every priest bound, under danger perpetual curse and damnation, never disclose any offence opened nor infirmity what
soever committed his hearing. By virtue this profession and due execution my pric st
in
to
he of
he
a
he
he he to or
in or A ?
in
he
be
all
If heas
| ;|
or
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in IIin soitsois
I
it
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in
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to
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inin
it
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of
of
to
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in be Ia to
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in
of is v. to
to
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or
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if if
oftoofa toofII
so
in
: toto
he it in
inIifofI I isallabyas toI ofI
to toindoIin
be inan
a
he I a it a be
tois ; of
aas
: to
as soat so ofto
of It
as
of
aasto or H to
d
1001] STATE TRIALS, 24 Eliz. 1581. —and others, High Teason. [1062
had power pray for absolution. These the Supremacy, notorious tokcn evil were the hidden matters, these were the secrets willer the crown insomuch being de concerning which greatly rejoiced, manded the Commissioners, whether the the revealing whereof cannot, nor will not be Bull wherein Pius the 2nd, had excommuni
brought, come Rack, come Rope. cated her majesty, wherein your opinion Thereupon the Clerk the Crown read force no, you would answer nothing, but that certain Papers containing them Oaths these were bloody questions, and that they
ministered the people for the renouncing which sought these, sought your life: also re
their Obedience her majesty and the swear sembling the Commissioners unto the l'hari ing Allegiance the pope, acknowledging sees, who entrap Christ propounded dilem
him for their Supreme Head and Governor, the ina, whether tribute were paid Caesar which Papers were found divers houses where that your Examination you would Campion had lurked, and for Religion been come issue, but sought your evasions and entertained.
subjects from her majesty, renouncing their obedience her, and swearing their subjection
the pope And therefore these Papers thus found houses were you where, clearly prove that for ministering such Oaths, you are Traitor.
Campion. Not long since pleased her ma jesty demand me whether did acknow ledge her my queen no. answered
that did acknowledge her highness not only my queen but my most lawful governess, and being further required her majesty whe
made Answers aloof, which vehem entiy ar. more appa gueth guiltiness conscience, that the
Queen's Counsel. What can
rent than this These Oaths,
further, are themselves sufficient convince The two Commissioners, Mr. Norton and you reason; for what may imagined Mr. Hamon, were present, and certified the inore traitorous than alien the hearts of the inatter the Queen's Counsel had urged
we went no truth would never have sought covers.
Campion. Neither these, neither can ther thought the pope might lawfully excom
there any thing imagined more directly con
trary repugnant my calling, upon any
occasion minister an Oath: neither had
any power authority neither neither the certainty yet known, nor the
would commit Offence thwart my best divines Christchdom stand fully resolv profession, for the substance and treasure ed. Albeit thought that the pope should do the world. But admit were authorized, it; yet might insufficient, for agreed
what necessity importeth that reason, that nei clavis errare potest, but the divines the catho
my hand writing nor any Proof from myself, places where resorted, whom they were
but naked presumption
Anderson. could not otherwise be intend ed but that you ministered those Oaths, and that being found behind you was you that left them —For poor man and rich man come both one house, and that after their departure bag gold found hidden, for much the poor man had such plenty, and therefore could leave such bag behind him, by common presumption intended,
that the rich man only and other did hide you professed papist, coming
house, and there such reliques found after your departure, how can otherwise implied than that you did both bring them and leave them
there, slat they came there means papist ergo your means.
am now ready supply What would you sary you had also shewed that none came more willingly pay her majesty what
ther being set down otherwise derived but only found
rity, attributing unto him ordination and inordi nation, potestatem, ordinate whereby pro ceedeth matters merely spiritual and perti
therefore ministered.
(who seeth
force against ine.
should
This
not) and nothing vehement nor
ment the church, and communicate any prince dinatent, when passeth
that cannot co potentate, Inor
order law, some think,
Campion. You conclusion had been neces
into the house my profession but you urge your conclusion before your minor; ergo proveth not.
but here you frame
hers, yet must pay God what his. Then, for excommunicating her majesty, was exact. cd me, admitting that Excommunica
schools you tion were effect, and that the pope had suf bring your minor and conclusion, you will ficient authority do, whether then
Anderson. here you prove fool; but minor
thought myself discharged said this was
bring
Queen's Counsel. You
conclusion, will refuse swear
roy allegiance dangerous que-‘ion. and they that inanded this demanded my
purpose anon.
municate her no, confessed myself insufficient umpire between her majesty and the pope, for high controversy, whereof
church distinguish the pope's autho
Appeals and such like, and
iuay excommunicate and depose princes.
The self same Articles were required me the Commissioners, but much more urged
the point Supremacy and further suppo
sals than could think said, indecd, they were bloody questions, and very pharisaical, undermining my life; whereunto answered
Christ did the dilemma, Give unto Caesar that due Caesar, and God that God belongeti, acknowledge her highness my governess and sovereign. acknowledged her majesty both facto jure, queen. con fessed obedience due the crown my temporal head and primate. This said then, this say now. then, failed ought,
If of by it
is a to it
all or
to of to
a
it. to
in of I
itain if So as I orbe in of of to :so I I
ita to
if It of a
of
to
to
it bebyto toI
is in
an
as no heby to I or itbeaIis inso
is no do noto
by
so so to
inof
in be
do
be
it
if
to i; by be a I doas be
: to
-
I
to to to
to
no
of a as as as
of
in I a be to
he by
lic
or
II no Ian to toato;orto
do
so
to
If, et
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of
of or to it
orI
is I
it.
? I is
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toto
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isI of ; asa
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in
be
so or as of in a for
it. I toI to I
be tobyin,
be
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he
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1063] STATE TRIALS, 24 Eliz. 1581. -Arraignment of Edmund Campion, [look
confessed that his coming into England was persuade the people the catholic religion.
matters be inerely spiritual points of doctrine and therefore there had not been further and disputable in schools, no part of mine In matter your meaning, you would have kept dictment, not to be given in evidence, and un your conscience yourself, and yourself where
discussed the King's Bench. To you were.
conclude, they are matters fact; they Sherwin. We read that the apostles and fa not the Trial the country, the Jury ought thers the primitive church have taught and not take any notice them for although preached tile dominions andvempires eth doubt not but they are very discreet men and nical and heatien rulers, and yet not deemed trained great use and experience con worthy death. The suslerance perhaps and
troversies and debates pertinent their call the like toleration well hoped for such ings, yet they are layinen, they are unfit judges Commonwealth, where open Christianity
blood. But I never admitted any such matter, plainly what thought the Pope's Bull, but
neither ought I to be wrested with any such suppositions. What, then, say they, because
I would not answer flatly to that which I could not, forsooth I sought corners; mine answers were aloof. Weil, since once more it must
Queen's Counsel. You well knew that was not lawful for you persuade the queen's subjects any other religion, than hy needs be answered, I say generally that these her highness's instructions already professed,
decide deep question.
Eliot, Witness, deposed against Campion,
that made Sermon Berkshire, his text being Christ weeping over Jerusalem, where
Campion sheweth many vices and enorini crease my functions, although that consci
ties here abounding England, and namely
heresies, where with was sorry that coun
trymen were blinded; but hoped shortly
there would hap day change comfortable from theirs the primitive church, for that
more manifest. The great day threatened, sheweth that the fireside the English se comfortable them, and terrible us, and minary beyond the seas, Sherwin should say,
what day should that be, but that wherein the Pope, the king Spain, and the duke Flo rence have appointed invade this realm.
That were England could compass
many things. That there was one Arundle Cornwall who instant could levy great power, and that army were scut
and godliness diversity
pretended, and albeit such
Campion. Judas! Judas! other day
my mind, protest, than that wherein into England the best landing would St.
should please God
faith and religion. For
tian commonwealths,
and indignities abound, neither there any realm godly, people devout, where
Michael's Mount.
Sherwin. never spake any such matter,
God my record; neither ever was the least part my meaning.
Bosgrave's Opinion was read, wherein had denied the Supremacy, and staggered without any perfect answer the Bull, but said that
great day, not wherein any temporal po tentate should muster, but wherein the terrible Judge should reveal men's consciences, and try every inan each kind religion. This
poral head. which Examination confess ed, that beyond the seas heard reported how the pope, the king Spain, and the duke
make restitution other Chris England, many vices
religious, but that the same very places
many enorinities flourish, and evil men
bear sway and regiment. Whereupon,
every pulpit every protestant doth, pronounc acknowledging her majesty his queen and ten
Florence would send great army into Eng the day change, this the Great Day land deprive the queen's majesty both
which threatened, coiniortable the well life and dignity, for the restitution the ca
being, and terrible heretics. Any other day than this, God knows, meant not.
tholic religion.
Queen's Counsel. The keeping close and
Munday, Witness, deposed that heard
the Englishmen, the 190ctor and others,
talk and conspire these Treasons against much you concealed what you heard, and
England, and that Campion and others after made not information her majesty, the ward had conference with 10r. Allen. council, nor the countnomalty this realm, you Campion. Here nothing deposed against became thereby privy and party unto and
me directly, and for any Conference with
Dr. Allen, that hath appeared when and what it was. -
Evidence was next given against Sherwin, who before the Commissioners had refused
swear the Supremacy, neither would answer
therefore these respects you are Traitor.
religion,
discharge my conscience without
should not
fear danger, yet ought not therefore sur
ence very wandering and unsteady which
came into England persuade and teach,
not detecting Treason maketh the hearer become Traitor, and therefore,
Bosgrave. heard spoken
What? am traitor because
But Campion perceiving Bosgrave merely
daunted with the matter, spake excuse him manner followeth:
was feared lest
the catholics, now shaken and dispersed, and those apostles and preachers never conspired terrible the heretics here flourishing the the death the emperors and rulers whose
land.
Queen's Counsel. Sce, what would you wish The Clerk of the Crown read Letter which
with fear One
danger draweth from duty.
the Judges. But your case differeth
dominions they taught and preached.
to *
I in he toin
so of be
to
as
in of
Ibe
as
of
noat
is
he
in so hein
he
no
to of
his in
of
I
of alla
to I is no is
; of to
is *d so it to in to fit aas to
a of
as to do
in nodoIof a a of
of
O to so a
all
all intotoofinof
as is so in
initofhe Ia it to
it as
as
to
in
in
in
of of of in asI
ofis
aof In I at by in is
to of aofto
iit
to
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it
Iatohe in
is
ifan in an
so
to
if he to
of- heatoto to a be
if he
is of
of in of
ofithe itto in in a
bebea in of it,in heat to
I asof of in a
to
to aup
so
10^5] STATE TRIALS, 24 Forz. 1581. —and others, for IIgh Treason. [1066
Campion. My lord, it is not unknown to and thither had been, had my health been your honour how brittle and slippery ground thereto answerable, but the mean whiles, fame and reports are wont to be built on ; the pleased God visit me with sickness, and being which as for the most part they are more false counsel the physicians for my health's than credible, so ought they always to make
men wary and fearful to deal with them, inso
much that the broacher of rumours and news,
is he that commonly getteth least credit or that occasion and upon other into this
thanks labour. The cause the proper: realm.
| and nature fame, which never but un Campion. Indeed the physicians Rome
certain and sometime but forged; for who have held for certainty that Englishman findeth not daily experience, how that shall fall sick amongst them, there better every city, every village, yea, and most bar nor scarce any other way for his health, than ber's shops England, many speeches both repair into England, there take his natural air of estates and commonwealths be tossed which which best agreeth with his complexion.
were never meant nor determined of the Cottam. And that only was the cause, and
court: England, shall we not look not any determinate intent either persuade for the like Italy, Flanders, France, and dissuade, being otherwise my provost
Spain Yes truly; for though the countries charged the Indians. Neither after iny ar
differ, yet the nature the men remaineth the same, namely, always desirous and greedy
rival here did hide myself nor dealt otherwise, than might beseem any man that meddled more than did. lay for the most part Southwark, walked daily Paul's. re frained place, which betokened my inno cency. -
Queen's Council. Did you neither persuade England many seas and lands, upon mat nor dissuade was there not Book found in
ter only blazed among the vulgar people, either your budget, the contents whereof tended journey letter certify the queen's coun other purpose, the which was made one Dr. commonalty things never purposed, Espigneta intitled Tractatus conscientia, con
news. Many things there and diversely canvassed
diversely report the common
sort which never were intended rule and principality. Were
the bearers
sake come into England for otherways they said either remaining there going else where should not recover came upon
not then great point credulity for man divided from
much less put practice. think rather Mr. Bosgrave's discretion have been greater passing such dangerous occasions with them selves, than otherwise had been using means bewray them. But, suppose had done you would have had him, and what heard there had signified here What had come marry then, greater danger for slandering the realm, and here little thanks for his false information. So that he would deal cither wisely safely, how could
taining certain Answers unto the Supremacy, how superficially frustrate any kind de mand, with further method how you ought demean yourself every kind company, whether were Protestants Puritans, and what speeches you should use convert them both; unto the Protestants highly com mending them and shewing that they are far nearer the right way then the Puritans, and whom you should utterly dispraise unto the Puritans, likewise commending the Protes
tants and persuading them the obedience the pope what end then should you carry this book about you you were not pur
ter than do as he did
Attorney General. There coarse, but Campion can cast
deal bet
cloth colour
But what was not Bosgrave's own confession
that arrived into England teach and per
suade the people, and what persuasions should thing that sook, neither how nor when
they but wars
prepare
readiness for these
Cahle to Inc.
Then Campion, seeing him driven nar
row exigent deny that which was ma
Campion.
but saint and bare im
These
plications, which move but urge not, affirm nifest, answered for him this effect following:
but prove not; whereas you ought not am
plify and gather upon words when matter con cerneth and touchoth man's life.
Cottam his Examination would neither agree the Supremacy. For answer directly concerning the pope's authority.
Queen's Counsel. You came into England ncar the same time that the rest came
Campion. Many casualties and events may happen whereby man may endangered ere beware, the carrying thing whereof knoweth not, cither the malice
others that privily convey amongst other his provisions, his own orgiigence over sight which marked not attentively what
took with him, whereof both are judged so that must necds be intended match his errors yet not decimed offence. And
made between you, for the furtherance those
which were then brewing, and how answer you thereunto
Cottam. message
have come had not God otherwise driven ine, son treatcth conscience; toucheth for my journey was appointed the Indians, good driaeanour; sheweth how make the
posed prescribeth
Cottam. protest before God knew no
therefore this cannot be maintained be done
Mr. Cottom out
purpose, which we see flatly his knowledge. But, suppose
brought the book with lin, come into Fngland, neither would yet what can that make against him for Trea
was neither my purpose nor my that purposely
to
a
I a be it by
is
is
itof
heon or a as itto by to
ofin to
I
I
to it
to
tobe of to
to? It
in
to it, to it or he
by or of
it
inbe in his
it
to
be he of asto
If it for
at selby or2 or
of ed
ty
It be he an of to
an it
to
a in
in
abe oftoof
so in
all by of
a
it to
toais if* by
no he
in
a in
of to he a in
- on
I ; it. so he in a ofdo
in
tobyofof or
I to
he do it no to by
of Iasasa2IIIto
as to if
to no if it.
in
be
I orof
to by
by an I
to is or
in
ina
he it tonoinnotoasit
or a so
of to I no
1067) STATE TRIALs, 24 Eliz. 1581–Arraignment of Edmund Campion, [1063
unbelievinog faithful matters wholly spiritual, ought that the pope had done could do, points of edification, preparing to Godwards, she was his Supreme Head. - where is then the Treason But were these rea Queen's Counsel. What was then the cause
sons impertinent, yet it is a custom with stu your coming into this realm for seemeth dents beyond the seas, when any inan learned your sudden arrival and journeying with
or well
either conscience good behaviour copy therer their purpose.
out and carry about with them, not thereby Bristow. have my mother poor aiming any faction conspiracy, but for widow, who besides had one other son, with
touching you draweth treatise the rest that
their own proper knowledge and private struction.
Johnson would neither grant the Supre macy, neither held any resolute opinion the
pope's authority his Bulls and Excommunica tions.
Eliot, Witness, deposed against Johnson,
that Christ's Nativity come two years being my lady Peter's house, fell into acquaint
ance with one Pain priest, that exercised the
office steward the house, who reason
that was appointed his bedfellow grew
into further familiarity with him, much fire works, and that shortly would nake that length ventured dissuade him from confection wildfire, where with would his Allegiance her majesty, and become burn her majesty when she were the Thames subject the Pope; affirming, that her high her barge, and the deponent swore further, ness could not live for ever, and that shortly after that heard spoken beyond the seas, that
her days the Catholic religion should restored. For the furtherance whereof the Catholics be
yond the seas had already devised practice, which this, that fifty them (whereof cither
whosoever had not the watchword, which was “Jesus Maria,” should slain.
Bristow. call God witness never sus fercd such thoughts, nor never had any such
should know other) should come the court cunning fire works, and therefore swear furnished with privy coats, pocket dagger and eth the greatest untruth that may be.
two-handed swords, attending until her majesty should take the some petty progress,
and then some them should set upon her majesty, some upon the Lord Treasurer, some upon the earl Leicester, some upon Francis Walsingham, and others upon others the favourers this heretical religion, there kill her majesty and take her the hair the
the company
well paid; but
dispose him
whom during his life she was pleased God afterwards
his mercy and deprive my
party,
were also and fur
mother his future succour. She taking the
matter very heavily, used what means she might
possible for my return, she sent letters after
letters, and those importunate that while could, must needs come home. The which was the only cause my arrival and not any other, God my witness.
Munday. Anthony Munday deposed against Bristow, that should say was cunning
hcad unto horse and down the joy tress all heretics,
lugged and halod
Catholics and dis make great alteration
Florence, should ever was. He sermon Dr.
this deponent would one; adding fur
ther that had place and opportunity con
venient would stab her majesty with dag ger himself, for thought no more unlawful
which Pain asked
deposed, that Kirbie was
Allen's, who then persuaded the priests and seminary men take their journey into Eng land, remove the Englishmen from their obedicnce her highness, and persuade
kill her than kill brute beast. After them aid the pope and confederates. He which communication Pain not finding this deposed, moreover, that beyond the seas Deponent conformable unto him hoped, spake with one Tedder familiar friend
and receiving bitter and flat refusal his Kirbie's, whom 19eponent demanded, whe ungracious proffer, conveyed himself away and ther were kin her majesty, for that his was more heard Whereupon this name was Tedder, whereunto answered, that Johnson now arraigned came the Deponent he knew himself of kin that Whore of and enquired what was become Pain, Babylon, that Jezebel England, would whom answered, that knew not. Then think the worse himself long lived. said Johnson, gone beyond the seas for but one day
fear you would discover his secrets, and there England, and
fore here forewarn and conjure you not dis close any thing that Pain hath told you, for you you stand state damnation.
talk with him, nor uttered any such speeches neither any time made the least mention tending any such matter. that alledged day, neither was present
Bristowe's Fixamination was read, wherein any Sermon preached, but always bore
had acknowledged her majesty his lawful true and faithful heart her majesty any queen and governess, and that notwithstanding subject whosoever did England, insomuch
Kirbie his Examination for the Supremacy
and the pope's authority, was other opt
nion than was Campion. - Sleidon, Witness, deposed against Kirbie
that being beyond the seas this Kirbie came
his bedside and counselled him beware how
dealt with any matters England, for there would come great day wherein the pope, the
king Spain and the duke
out the way. Ki, lie. As
hope saved the last not one word this Deposition, Johnson. never my life had any such that concerneth me, either true credible,
Doom, there
would make journey into were possible dispatch Eer
in to
to
of
to
he
to
at
so
isI ifhe
it of
of to
to
a
I it
of
is
at of I it
do no to I he
of is
ataheof at to a a
atto
heif of I sohetoan
he to a he if air in is be to he of ofor
tohe
in ofofto go to
in
it of or
a
of heof. itbe
allbe
on of
ina tobehe
or
to
of as he
to a be to in
so by
to
of all
to of a ofto
to up sir
so
to
by
a
init
of if he in byof
at
of he
a inin
of
if
ofhetotoasof heIof
Ibe
Iof astohe
ahis at in aasof
tobe
to an
he
hehe
Ia toofonto
a?
oratas to noI itor ashehe hehea
asat ofhe
to a in I to
of
of
so
1009] STATE TRIALS, 24 Eliz. 1581. —and others, for High Treason. [1070
that I never heard her plajesty evil spoken of, but I defended her cause and always spake the best of her highness : it is not unknown that I saved English mariners from hanging, only for the duty I bore to her majesty with the love and good will which I bore to my country, but you that have thus deposed, when was this Sermon (that you talk of) so preached : at what time of the day 2
They thanked his lordship, and said they could not otherwise affirm but that they had found the Court both indifference and jus tice. —Whereupon Campion made this Speech
the Jurors.
Campion. What charge this day you sustain, and what accompt you are render the dreadful Day Judginent, whereof would wish this also were unirrour, trust there
The Witness answered, that the same day not one you but knoweth. doubt not but there were three philosophic Disputations, like manner you forecast how dear the inno after the which the Sermon was preached. cent God, and what price holdeth
Orton would neither agree to the Supre man's blood. Here we are accused and im
macy, or openly affirin what authority the pleaded the death here you pope had, nor whether he thought the excom our lives into your custody here must
munication sent from pope Pius V. to be of choice, either force or no. them. We have
receive your
restore them
whither appeal, but
A1unday, a Witness, deposed against Orton, your consciences
that he being at Lions in France said unto there but your heads and discretions. Take this deponent, that her majesty was not lawful heed, beseech you, let colours nor induce queen of England, and that he ought her no ments dcceive you let your ground sub kind of obedience : the deponent said further, stantial, for your building weighty. All this that this Orton made suit unto Dr. Allen, that you may sufficiently, we doubt not you he might be one of the pope's Pensioners, will mark intentively what things have been whereunto Dr. Allen would not agree, unless treated, three distinct and several points. Orton would become a priest or seulinary man, The speech and discourse this whole day which he refused. consisteth, first, Presumptions
and Proba Orton. I atterly deny that I ever had any bilities; secondly, matters Religion; lastly, speech with the Witness, either at Lions or Oaths and Testimonies of Witnesses. The elsewhere, but he manifestly forsweareth him weak and forceless Proof that proceedeth from
self as one that having neither honesty nor re conjectures are neither worthy carry the ligion, careth for neither. Verdict many, nor sufficient evidence for The same the parties indicted did affirm, trial man's life. The constitutions the
and that was Atheist; for that beyond realm exact necessity, and will that man the seas went pil-rimage, and received should totter upon the hazard likelihoods; the Sacrament, making himself Catholic, and and albeit the strongest reasons our accusers
we have no friends make
condemn
here taketh new face and playeth the Pro have been but
bare and naked Probabilities,
matters for you rely upon regard what apparent. Set
France and other places sermed favour
their religion, because might thereby under only matters which impertinently have been
testant, and the efore
Witness evidence life.
unfit and unworthy depose against
yet are they
who ought only
circumstances aside, set presumptions apart, set that reason for your rule which warranted
Munday, the Witness, answered, That
mine them and sit out their purposes.
The Prisoners took exception another
discussed, they were also points
religion, excommunications,
pamphlets, where great part
doctrine and books, and
the day
the Witnesses, which that was murtherer,
men already well known
and acknowledgment: for the which reason he was no sufficient nor allowable Witness.
These matters thus sifted, and that the Jury should pass, one the Justices said the Jurors, All the matter resteth this, whether
believe the Prisoners that speak for their lives, the Witnesses that come freely de pose they are demanded, the Witnesses affirm sufficient Proof against them; they deny whatsoever alledged.
that for your knowledge and dicted, you see what alledged against you. skill divinity might seem approved cen discharge whereof, you have any more surers high controversy, yet are they
say, speak, and we will hear you until to-morrow part our Indictment, and therefore morning. We would loth you should have not respected the Jury. You per any occasion complain the court, and chance would ask me, these prove nought therefore, ought rest behind that untold, against us, what then should we enquire of, that available for you, speak and you shall for these, set aside the rest, almost nothing?
them know not, and had slain two
hath been unfitly consumed. Insomuch
this very day, you have heard not only us,
but also the pope, the king Spain, the duke Florence, Allen, Sanders, Bristow, Espigneta,
and many more arraigned.