antiquo et
ediiione
Sirini, cap.
O'Hanlon - Lives of the Irish Saints - v5
629.
The "Annals
of Ulster " have it A. d. 628.
5** In Irish written TJun Ceichii\n, and
Latinized Ahinilio Ccthirui. This fortifica- lion has been identified, by John O'Donovan, with the Sconce, about four miles west of Coleraine town, in the parish of Dunboe.
of St. Columba," lib. i. , cap. xlix.
55 See Archdall's " Monasticon Hibenii-
cum," p. io6.
5* The " Annals of Ulster " place it, at
a. d. 574, which is supposed to be the true
Now Lough Foyle, near Derry, and mentioned by Prince O'Donnell, rum Antiquilates," cap. xiii. , p. 237. In as having been passed, when St. Columkille consequence of this doubt, Usshcr mentions set out on his journey to lona. See Colgan's
59 See Usshcr's " Britannicarum Ecclesia-
and, in his notes on that chapter, he
gell
supposed, and indeed justly, that he was no other than Comgall of Bangor.
^' There is no reason for admitting any distinction, as Rev Dr. Lanigan shows, in his " Ecclesiastical History of Ireland," vol. ii. ,
;
chap. x. ,scct. xii. , n. 201, p. 67.
Chapter iv. —'
—
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [May id.
places, as it could have been convenient for him to visit in person. 53 One of these subordinate monasteries seems to have been at Cambos,? '* now Camus,s5 on the River Bann, in the barony of Coleraine. Thither, after the royal con- vention at Drumceat,5^ St. Columba came, and he had an interesting inter- view, with St. Comgellus. There, too, he predicted a battle, which should take places? between the Hy-Neill and the Cruithni, at the celebrated fort of DunKehern. s^ ThiswascalledafterCethern,oneoftheRedBranchheroes, who flourished in Ulster, about the Christian era's commencement. That prophecy of St. Columba was afterwards fulfilled. A doubt has been expressed,59 as to whether Comgall of Bangor was the same as St. Comgeli ofCambos,orCambas. Wefind,however,thatComgallus,orComgellus,^° is sometimes written Congellus. There can be no doubt, regarding our St. Comgall being the person spoken of, in Adamnan's Life of St. Columba, and in that passage, to which reference has been made. ^'
CHAPTER IV.
THE ABBOT VISITS LOUGH FOYLE—CORMAC, A PRINCE OF HY-KINSALLAGH BECOMES A DISCIPLE OF ST. COMGALL, AND BESTOWS VARIOUS POSSESSIONS ON BANGOR SEVERAL MIRACLES RECORDED—ST. COMGALL IS SAID TO HAVE HAD A SHARE IN THE CONVERSION OF BRUDEUS, KING OF THE PICTS—THE HOLY ABBOT'S LAST ILLNESS AND DEATH—HIS RELICS—MONUMENTS AND COMMEMORATIONS OF ST. COMGALL—CONCLUSION.
One day, when with his disciples passing near the shore of Lough Feabhail,' the Abbot heard and saw some swans singing melodiously, while floating on the water. There, the brethren asked their holy senior, to bring the swans to them, that they might touch them with their hands. At this time, the monks should have partaken of the refection, which had not yet been prepared. The Abbot replied to their request, if it were the will of God, that they should be gratified ; when, immediately, the swans flew towards the servants of Christ. One of them even alighted on the breast of their Abbot. Again, when on another occasion, this holy man had a revelation, regarding the approach of St. Columba and his disciples ; while these were labouring at the oar, Com- gall besought our Lord to send him food for his guests. Whereupon, an Angel collected a shoal offish in the sea, and brought them towards the shore, quite near to the saint's dwelling. Knowing what had occurred, the Abbot ordered his monks to bear these captured fishes towards his monastery. There, the com-
May io. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
^15
nuinity and guests, on tlieir arrival, partook of them. ^ Diarmad, Kino-of Lein- ster, had a son named Cormac, who was a native of that part of the country named Hy-Kinselleach. 3 He was kept as a prisoner for some time, by Colum or Colman,4 King of North Leinster, until released, at the intercession of St. Fintan,AbbotofClonenagh. Thatprincereceivedhisblessing,andafter- wards ruled over the principality of South Leinster. s It seems probable enough, that he and St. Comgall were fellow-students and intimate friends,
Castle of Carlow.
while both studied together at Clonenagh. ^ This Cormac is mentioned, in the Life of St. Fintan, 7 and the circumstance of his having become a monk of St. Comgall. ^ This prince relinquished the sceptre,, in his more advanced
"Trias Thaumaturga," Sexta Vita S. Columbse, lib. iii. , cap. xxi. , p. 434.
' See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus ii. , x. Maii. Vita S. Comgalli, ex MS. , aiitiquo et editione Sirini, cap. iii. , num. 38, 39, p. 586.
3 It was so called, because its people were regarded as the descendants of Eanna Ceinn- sealach, who was fourth in descent from Cathaier, monarch of Ireland, about the year 358.
» He died at Slieve Mairge, a. d. 576. See Dr. O'Donovan's "Annals of the Four Masters," vol. i. , pp. 208, 209, and n. (t).
s Comprising the present counties of Wex- ford and Carlow.
gree of St. Comgall been obligingly trans- cribed, by Mr. J. J. MacSweeny, Librarian's Clerk to the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin. On the father's side, it shows his descent from Conall Cearnach, head of the Leinster- men. Thus it occurs in the Book of Leacan, at fol. 141, col. 3, line 27 : —ComgAtl, t)e4iToc]iAi|v, 111 AC Seen A, 111 ac eAcliAic, 111AC bi\oni, 111AC Voi^co, niAc epiAifC, 11U\c CiMfnchAint) liic . h. Ch)\inichAinD Chtnb Aguf minp'OAm <\e|\nA, tllAc OAchAIC, 111 AC tuj'OAch, 111 AC UofA uy CoiiaII CeiMiAch hi^xet 5UiniiiA]A, iriAc CoiiAibL Ce]\nAcli Ajuf LoiiT)chuit)i injeAn echAtc echbeoit. According to the same authority, the name of St. Comgall's mother
* From two different sources has the pedi- was Dealbai ; thus, "OeAibAi a IIIacai^
176 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [May io.
years, in order to lead a religious life. 9 He presented, as an offering to God and to St. Comgall, himself and three castles. These forts were situated in his owndistrictofLeinster. ThesethreecastlesweredenominatedCatharlach,'° now Carlow," on the banks of the River Barrow, Foibran,'^ and Ardarema. '3 Coming to the province of Ulster, he became a monk, under the rule of St. Comgall, and he remained in the monastery of Bangor. Afterwards, he suffered from temptations suggested by the devil, and felt concerned about the welfare of his children, relations, patrimonial possessions, and country. In great agitation of mind, this prince had an interview with St. Comgall, and declared, that he could not remain at Bangor, without visiting his native country. Finding he would not be restrained from this desire, Comgall sent himonhiswaywithsomebrethren,ascompanions. Attheirdeparture,the Abbot offered up his prayers. Cormac felt oppressed with sleep, on a high hill '4 —where the Asylum of Benchor '5 was established —and slept there from the first, to the ninth, hour of the day. Here, in a dream, he thought he had walked over the bounds of Leinster, and had beheld many cities and castles. This imagining had conduced him through many flour- ishing fields and pleasant meadows. He seemed, even to have possessed his favourite chariots and kingdom, while chiefs, magistrates, and magnates, belonging to his kingdom, appeared to sit around him, with all the insignia of royalty. When satisfied with this vision, he awoke. Through the grace of God, he felt a tedium and dislike, for all he had seen in that dream. '^ He then returned to the Abbot Comgall, with a relation of what he imagined, and he remained under religious rule, to the very day of his death. '?
While walking, St. Comgall and his disciples, entered a deserted house on their way. The monks, who were suffering from cold, brought some faggots, which they found, to their superior, and asked him to kindle a fire. He blew them
•mei]\co'Lpn do we find the entry. Again, on the father's side, we have the following ]">edigree from the copy, contained in the Koyal Irish Academy, of Duald l\Iac Fir- bisigh's valuable " Book of Genealogies, "in the TlAOiiti]'eAiicu]', at p. 736 : —ConigAlL benc<Mi\ ULjiIX) tllAoi. 10, IIIac SeutariA, tllAC eAcliAC, lIlAc biMuin, tllAC {:oi\5A, tllAC e^MUMne (no e]\cnAi|'5), mAC Cy\ein- cliAinT), niAC eAcliAC, 111 AC Lu5t)AC, 111 AC llofA, rilAC lowcA'OA, lllAC ITe-obimce, HI AC CAif, 111 AC pAchAC A^AAi-oe (ecc).
1 At the 17th of February, in vol. ii. of this work.
* See Colgan's " Acta Sanctorum Hiber- nise," xvii. Febniarii. Vita S. P'intani de Cluain Edneach, cap. xviii. , p. 352, and nn. 17, 18, 19, p. 354.
9 See De liurgo's " Officia Propria Sanctorum Hibernia:," Die x. Maii. In Festo S. Congalli, ii. Nocturno, Lect. vi. , p. 53.
'" This is probably one of the earliest notices on record, of a castle having existed there at a remote period. Mr. D'Allon tells us, that in a. d. 634, an alibcy had been here founded. Sec " Irish Penny Magazine," vol. i. , No. 40, p. 313.
"The accompanying illustration of the existing remains of Carlow Castle has been taken from a hitherto original point of view, and from a Photograph ; the drawing has
been made on the wood, by William F. Wakeman, and the engraving is by Mrs. Millard.
'- This place has not been identified, There was a Faebhran or Foibhren monas- tery, in the territory of Graighrighe, com- prising the present barony of Coolavin, in the county of Sligo and a great portion of northern Roscommon. See Dr. O'Donovan's "Annals of the Four Masters," vol. i. , n. (t^, p. 357, and pp. 424, 425, nn. (y, z).
'3 Its location does not seem to be known, under this ancient name ; but, probably, it must be sought for, within the bounds of ancient Hy-Kinsellagh.
'•• The second Life of St. Comgall has it "in collo imminenti Astilo Beunchor," num. 40.
'5 The text of the Life is thus corrected at note (d), by Father Godefrid Henschenn, " Idem asylo Benchor. "
'* See "Acta Sanctorum, tomus ii. , x. Maii. Vita S. Comgalli, ex MS.
antiquo et ediiione Sirini, cap. iii. , num. 40, and pp. 586 to 588.
'' Father John C'olgan supposes, that he was the St. Cormac, who was venerated at Achadh-Finnich, in Leinster, at the 7lh rcct€\\\\\—ofMay. See"ActaSanctorum llibernia? ," xvii. Fcbruarii. Vita S. Fin- tani, Abbatis de Cluain-Ednech, cap. xviii. , n, 19, p. 354.
—
May io. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
177
into a flame, and thus the brothers \varn:\ed themselves. On another day, in company with his monks, a dark and cold night fell upon them, in a desert valley. The brethren, in like manner, benumbed with cold, asked our saint, in God's name, to afford them the solace of a fire. With his breath, Com- gall again kindled some dry wood, before their eyes, whereby the darkness around them was dispelled, and they became warmed. On the following day, no trace of fire was seen, where the pile of wood had been kindled, but the place seemed full of leaves and branches. This was a subject for admira- tion to the brethren, who returned thanks to God. At another time, our holy Abbot fasted '^ during the night, against a certain merciless chieftain, who lived in a castle, named Trachim. '9 In the middle of the night, this castle shook to its very foundations. Weapons and other matters fell from its walls. Terrified by such w^onderful portents, die tyrant did' penance, to the great joy of our saint. ^° Again, Comgall fasted against a prince, who
but, this inexorable king refused to hear God's servant. Then, in presence of this king, of his children, and of his friends, a large stone appeared rent before them, through the merits of our saint. This warning so much alarmed the chief, that he humbly subjected himself to pen- ance, granting, at the same time, the particular request of Abbot Comgall. A certain young monk, named Conuath,*^ came to the Abbot, that he might
learn what manner of life Comgall led. That young man supposed himself to have followed a more austere life than others, and he requested our saint, not to conceal any of his accustomed practices. The latter, in the middle of the night, conducted him towards a neighbouring river. The young monk felt himself unable to bear certain alternations of heat and cold, in the water, whenheentereditwithSt. Comgall. Admiringthenceforththoseausterities and graces enjoyed by our saint, his former presumption immediately vanished, and he became a monk, under Comgall's rule. Another day, while the Abbot sailed over an arm of the sea, he reproved a young monk, named Crimac- than. 23 This devout servant immediately left the vessel. Prostrating himself on the sea, it was able to support him, as if he had stood upon dry land. There he remained, until the Abbot called him into the bark. This he entered, with garments not even moist. The vessel continued motionless, meanwhile, in the same place, although the winds blew, and sails were set.
E. onan,2+ son to Aeda, had a wife, named Brava. She was exceedingly beautiful, and much loved by him, until she gave birth to a son, whose face appeared blackened. This inclined the chief to dismiss his wife, with her offspring ; nor would he even acknowledge the child to be his own. Brava thenwenttoSt. Comgall,declaringthecauseforherej^pulsion. Thereupon, our saint bestowed a blessing, on the boy's face and eyes. At the instant, this child became exceedingly beautiful. Such a miracle induced Ronan, to receive again both mother and son, with due regard. ^5 On the occasion of his visit to Scotland—which is assumed—St. Comgall is said to have con-
dwelt in Mae-mad Castle
f'^
'^ This was done, to molify the wrath or move to clemency men in power, and the practice is often nolicetl in the Lives of our Irish Saints.
'9 This place appears to have escaped identification.
^- Nothing transpires to identify this reli- gious.
=' Who he was does not seem to be known.
-* Elsewhere, his name does not appear in history, although he appears to have been a person of distinction.
'° See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus ii. , x.
Maii. Vita S. Comgalli, ex MS. antique et
editione Sirini, cap. iii. , num, 41, 42, Maii. Vita S. Comgalli, ex MS. antiquo
p. 587.
^' The situation of this fort is not further
indicated.
et editione Sirini, cap. ii. , num. 43, 44, 45, 46, p. 587.
-^ See Bishop De Burgo's " Oflicia Pro- M
=5 gee " Acta Sanctorum," tomus ii. , x.
pria Sanctorum Hibernije," Die x. Maii. In
Festo S. Congalli, ii. Noctuino, Lect. vi. ,
P-53-
"' According to the " Scolichronicon," he
is reckoned to have been the thirtj'-fourth Pictish king in succession, from the first Cruthnean monarch. See Ussher's " Bri- tannicarum Ecclesiarum Antiquitates," cap. XV. , p. 372.
of the man of God. "—"Life of St. Patrick, Apostle of Ireland, with those of St. Bridget, virgin and abbess, and of St. Columba, Abbot and Apostle of the Northern Picts. A Triple Leaf just collected from the purest
sources," chap, iii. , p. 125.
3* See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus ii. , x.
Maii. VitaS. Comgalli,exMS. antiqueet editione Sirini, cap. iii. , n. 48, p. 5S7.
^^ According to Venerable Bede's " His-
toria Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum," lib.
iii. , cap. iv. , pp. 272, 273. See Rev. J- A. 585. Fiachna's achievements are recorded
Giles' "CompleteWorks of Venerable Bede," &€. , vol. ii.
in Dr. O'Donovan's "Annals of the Four Masters. " Thus, in a. d. 590, he gained a victory, at Eadan-mor, " the great Brow," or " Face of a Hill "—supposed by Dr.
'9 Supposed to be the present Craig Pha-
drick, a vitrified structure, near the River
Ness. There is a sketch and section, with O'Donovar to have been in East Meath an interesting description of it, in John possibly the ancient name of Edenrath, near Williams' "Account of some remarkable Navan. There, he defeated Gerthidhe, son
ancient Ruins in the Highlands," p. 31. Edinburgh,1777.
3° According to Tigernach's Annals, MS. Bodl. Rawlinson. B. 488. See " Chronicles of the Picts, Chronicles of the Scots, and other early Memorials of Scottish History," editedbyWilliamF. Skene,LL. D. ,p. 67.
of Ronan, chief of Cianachta-Breagh, in the eastofMeath. In592,FiachnaslewAedh Dubh, son to Suibhne, King of Ulidia. Again, Fiachna gained a victory over the Munstermen, in 593, at the battle of Sliabh- cua, in the north-west of the county of Waterford. In597,hegainedthebattleof
3' See "Cronica Brevis," MS. Bib. Fac. Cuil-Cael, "the narrow Angle" or
Jurid. Edin. , 34, 7. 3. —//'/(/. , p. 150.
3^ See James Taylor's ' Pictorial History
of Scotland," vol. i. , chap, iii. , p. 26.
33 The patron saint of Kilkenny, whose
feast occurs on the iith of October.
3* As we are told, " Sanctus cum pancis fratribus extra regis munitionem"—Rev. Dr. Reeves' Adamnan's " Life of St. Coluniba," lib. i. , cap. 37, p. 73, and lib. ii. , cap. 35,
p. 151.
35 The incident is related in the Acts of
" Corner," over Fiachna, son of Deman. This place was situated, either in the county o( Down or of Antrim. At last, in 604, this same Fiachna, designated Caech, or "the blind," was slain by the Cruithni. See vol. i. , pp. 212, 213, and n. (i), pp. 214, 215, and nn. (t, u), pp. 216, 217, and n. (c), pp. 222, 223, and n. (t), pp. 230, 231, and n. (u).
3** In 592, he succeeded to this position, after slaying Aedh-Dubh.
39 The site is yet marked, by a large irre- gular oval-shaped Rath, 138 on the long diameter, inside, and 108 feet, in the short
this great Apostle of the Picts, when Brudc
" shut himself up within tiie walls of the
royal residence at Iiivcriu-ss, hoping there diameter. It was formerly surrounded, by to remain undisturbed from the intrusion a deep and wide fosse, now partially filled
3' He was most probably Fiachna, the son of Baedan, the King of Ulidia, who died a. d.
—
lyS LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [May 1 6.
tributed'^to the conversion of Brideus—odierwise Brudeus^7—King of die NorthernPicts,andsonofMeilochon. ^^ Helivedinagreatfort,^? where the modern town of Inverness, in Scotland, is situated. His reign com- menced in 557, and terminated a. d. 584. 3° Other accounts have it, that he reigned thirty years,^' and possessed great influence, in the northern parts of Scotland. 3^ At one time, as we are informed, St. Comgall, St. |CoIumba, and St.
of Ulster " have it A. d. 628.
5** In Irish written TJun Ceichii\n, and
Latinized Ahinilio Ccthirui. This fortifica- lion has been identified, by John O'Donovan, with the Sconce, about four miles west of Coleraine town, in the parish of Dunboe.
of St. Columba," lib. i. , cap. xlix.
55 See Archdall's " Monasticon Hibenii-
cum," p. io6.
5* The " Annals of Ulster " place it, at
a. d. 574, which is supposed to be the true
Now Lough Foyle, near Derry, and mentioned by Prince O'Donnell, rum Antiquilates," cap. xiii. , p. 237. In as having been passed, when St. Columkille consequence of this doubt, Usshcr mentions set out on his journey to lona. See Colgan's
59 See Usshcr's " Britannicarum Ecclesia-
and, in his notes on that chapter, he
gell
supposed, and indeed justly, that he was no other than Comgall of Bangor.
^' There is no reason for admitting any distinction, as Rev Dr. Lanigan shows, in his " Ecclesiastical History of Ireland," vol. ii. ,
;
chap. x. ,scct. xii. , n. 201, p. 67.
Chapter iv. —'
—
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [May id.
places, as it could have been convenient for him to visit in person. 53 One of these subordinate monasteries seems to have been at Cambos,? '* now Camus,s5 on the River Bann, in the barony of Coleraine. Thither, after the royal con- vention at Drumceat,5^ St. Columba came, and he had an interesting inter- view, with St. Comgellus. There, too, he predicted a battle, which should take places? between the Hy-Neill and the Cruithni, at the celebrated fort of DunKehern. s^ ThiswascalledafterCethern,oneoftheRedBranchheroes, who flourished in Ulster, about the Christian era's commencement. That prophecy of St. Columba was afterwards fulfilled. A doubt has been expressed,59 as to whether Comgall of Bangor was the same as St. Comgeli ofCambos,orCambas. Wefind,however,thatComgallus,orComgellus,^° is sometimes written Congellus. There can be no doubt, regarding our St. Comgall being the person spoken of, in Adamnan's Life of St. Columba, and in that passage, to which reference has been made. ^'
CHAPTER IV.
THE ABBOT VISITS LOUGH FOYLE—CORMAC, A PRINCE OF HY-KINSALLAGH BECOMES A DISCIPLE OF ST. COMGALL, AND BESTOWS VARIOUS POSSESSIONS ON BANGOR SEVERAL MIRACLES RECORDED—ST. COMGALL IS SAID TO HAVE HAD A SHARE IN THE CONVERSION OF BRUDEUS, KING OF THE PICTS—THE HOLY ABBOT'S LAST ILLNESS AND DEATH—HIS RELICS—MONUMENTS AND COMMEMORATIONS OF ST. COMGALL—CONCLUSION.
One day, when with his disciples passing near the shore of Lough Feabhail,' the Abbot heard and saw some swans singing melodiously, while floating on the water. There, the brethren asked their holy senior, to bring the swans to them, that they might touch them with their hands. At this time, the monks should have partaken of the refection, which had not yet been prepared. The Abbot replied to their request, if it were the will of God, that they should be gratified ; when, immediately, the swans flew towards the servants of Christ. One of them even alighted on the breast of their Abbot. Again, when on another occasion, this holy man had a revelation, regarding the approach of St. Columba and his disciples ; while these were labouring at the oar, Com- gall besought our Lord to send him food for his guests. Whereupon, an Angel collected a shoal offish in the sea, and brought them towards the shore, quite near to the saint's dwelling. Knowing what had occurred, the Abbot ordered his monks to bear these captured fishes towards his monastery. There, the com-
May io. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
^15
nuinity and guests, on tlieir arrival, partook of them. ^ Diarmad, Kino-of Lein- ster, had a son named Cormac, who was a native of that part of the country named Hy-Kinselleach. 3 He was kept as a prisoner for some time, by Colum or Colman,4 King of North Leinster, until released, at the intercession of St. Fintan,AbbotofClonenagh. Thatprincereceivedhisblessing,andafter- wards ruled over the principality of South Leinster. s It seems probable enough, that he and St. Comgall were fellow-students and intimate friends,
Castle of Carlow.
while both studied together at Clonenagh. ^ This Cormac is mentioned, in the Life of St. Fintan, 7 and the circumstance of his having become a monk of St. Comgall. ^ This prince relinquished the sceptre,, in his more advanced
"Trias Thaumaturga," Sexta Vita S. Columbse, lib. iii. , cap. xxi. , p. 434.
' See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus ii. , x. Maii. Vita S. Comgalli, ex MS. , aiitiquo et editione Sirini, cap. iii. , num. 38, 39, p. 586.
3 It was so called, because its people were regarded as the descendants of Eanna Ceinn- sealach, who was fourth in descent from Cathaier, monarch of Ireland, about the year 358.
» He died at Slieve Mairge, a. d. 576. See Dr. O'Donovan's "Annals of the Four Masters," vol. i. , pp. 208, 209, and n. (t).
s Comprising the present counties of Wex- ford and Carlow.
gree of St. Comgall been obligingly trans- cribed, by Mr. J. J. MacSweeny, Librarian's Clerk to the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin. On the father's side, it shows his descent from Conall Cearnach, head of the Leinster- men. Thus it occurs in the Book of Leacan, at fol. 141, col. 3, line 27 : —ComgAtl, t)e4iToc]iAi|v, 111 AC Seen A, 111 ac eAcliAic, 111AC bi\oni, 111AC Voi^co, niAc epiAifC, 11U\c CiMfnchAint) liic . h. Ch)\inichAinD Chtnb Aguf minp'OAm <\e|\nA, tllAc OAchAIC, 111 AC tuj'OAch, 111 AC UofA uy CoiiaII CeiMiAch hi^xet 5UiniiiA]A, iriAc CoiiAibL Ce]\nAcli Ajuf LoiiT)chuit)i injeAn echAtc echbeoit. According to the same authority, the name of St. Comgall's mother
* From two different sources has the pedi- was Dealbai ; thus, "OeAibAi a IIIacai^
176 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [May io.
years, in order to lead a religious life. 9 He presented, as an offering to God and to St. Comgall, himself and three castles. These forts were situated in his owndistrictofLeinster. ThesethreecastlesweredenominatedCatharlach,'° now Carlow," on the banks of the River Barrow, Foibran,'^ and Ardarema. '3 Coming to the province of Ulster, he became a monk, under the rule of St. Comgall, and he remained in the monastery of Bangor. Afterwards, he suffered from temptations suggested by the devil, and felt concerned about the welfare of his children, relations, patrimonial possessions, and country. In great agitation of mind, this prince had an interview with St. Comgall, and declared, that he could not remain at Bangor, without visiting his native country. Finding he would not be restrained from this desire, Comgall sent himonhiswaywithsomebrethren,ascompanions. Attheirdeparture,the Abbot offered up his prayers. Cormac felt oppressed with sleep, on a high hill '4 —where the Asylum of Benchor '5 was established —and slept there from the first, to the ninth, hour of the day. Here, in a dream, he thought he had walked over the bounds of Leinster, and had beheld many cities and castles. This imagining had conduced him through many flour- ishing fields and pleasant meadows. He seemed, even to have possessed his favourite chariots and kingdom, while chiefs, magistrates, and magnates, belonging to his kingdom, appeared to sit around him, with all the insignia of royalty. When satisfied with this vision, he awoke. Through the grace of God, he felt a tedium and dislike, for all he had seen in that dream. '^ He then returned to the Abbot Comgall, with a relation of what he imagined, and he remained under religious rule, to the very day of his death. '?
While walking, St. Comgall and his disciples, entered a deserted house on their way. The monks, who were suffering from cold, brought some faggots, which they found, to their superior, and asked him to kindle a fire. He blew them
•mei]\co'Lpn do we find the entry. Again, on the father's side, we have the following ]">edigree from the copy, contained in the Koyal Irish Academy, of Duald l\Iac Fir- bisigh's valuable " Book of Genealogies, "in the TlAOiiti]'eAiicu]', at p. 736 : —ConigAlL benc<Mi\ ULjiIX) tllAoi. 10, IIIac SeutariA, tllAC eAcliAC, lIlAc biMuin, tllAC {:oi\5A, tllAC e^MUMne (no e]\cnAi|'5), mAC Cy\ein- cliAinT), niAC eAcliAC, 111 AC Lu5t)AC, 111 AC llofA, rilAC lowcA'OA, lllAC ITe-obimce, HI AC CAif, 111 AC pAchAC A^AAi-oe (ecc).
1 At the 17th of February, in vol. ii. of this work.
* See Colgan's " Acta Sanctorum Hiber- nise," xvii. Febniarii. Vita S. P'intani de Cluain Edneach, cap. xviii. , p. 352, and nn. 17, 18, 19, p. 354.
9 See De liurgo's " Officia Propria Sanctorum Hibernia:," Die x. Maii. In Festo S. Congalli, ii. Nocturno, Lect. vi. , p. 53.
'" This is probably one of the earliest notices on record, of a castle having existed there at a remote period. Mr. D'Allon tells us, that in a. d. 634, an alibcy had been here founded. Sec " Irish Penny Magazine," vol. i. , No. 40, p. 313.
"The accompanying illustration of the existing remains of Carlow Castle has been taken from a hitherto original point of view, and from a Photograph ; the drawing has
been made on the wood, by William F. Wakeman, and the engraving is by Mrs. Millard.
'- This place has not been identified, There was a Faebhran or Foibhren monas- tery, in the territory of Graighrighe, com- prising the present barony of Coolavin, in the county of Sligo and a great portion of northern Roscommon. See Dr. O'Donovan's "Annals of the Four Masters," vol. i. , n. (t^, p. 357, and pp. 424, 425, nn. (y, z).
'3 Its location does not seem to be known, under this ancient name ; but, probably, it must be sought for, within the bounds of ancient Hy-Kinsellagh.
'•• The second Life of St. Comgall has it "in collo imminenti Astilo Beunchor," num. 40.
'5 The text of the Life is thus corrected at note (d), by Father Godefrid Henschenn, " Idem asylo Benchor. "
'* See "Acta Sanctorum, tomus ii. , x. Maii. Vita S. Comgalli, ex MS.
antiquo et ediiione Sirini, cap. iii. , num. 40, and pp. 586 to 588.
'' Father John C'olgan supposes, that he was the St. Cormac, who was venerated at Achadh-Finnich, in Leinster, at the 7lh rcct€\\\\\—ofMay. See"ActaSanctorum llibernia? ," xvii. Fcbruarii. Vita S. Fin- tani, Abbatis de Cluain-Ednech, cap. xviii. , n, 19, p. 354.
—
May io. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
177
into a flame, and thus the brothers \varn:\ed themselves. On another day, in company with his monks, a dark and cold night fell upon them, in a desert valley. The brethren, in like manner, benumbed with cold, asked our saint, in God's name, to afford them the solace of a fire. With his breath, Com- gall again kindled some dry wood, before their eyes, whereby the darkness around them was dispelled, and they became warmed. On the following day, no trace of fire was seen, where the pile of wood had been kindled, but the place seemed full of leaves and branches. This was a subject for admira- tion to the brethren, who returned thanks to God. At another time, our holy Abbot fasted '^ during the night, against a certain merciless chieftain, who lived in a castle, named Trachim. '9 In the middle of the night, this castle shook to its very foundations. Weapons and other matters fell from its walls. Terrified by such w^onderful portents, die tyrant did' penance, to the great joy of our saint. ^° Again, Comgall fasted against a prince, who
but, this inexorable king refused to hear God's servant. Then, in presence of this king, of his children, and of his friends, a large stone appeared rent before them, through the merits of our saint. This warning so much alarmed the chief, that he humbly subjected himself to pen- ance, granting, at the same time, the particular request of Abbot Comgall. A certain young monk, named Conuath,*^ came to the Abbot, that he might
learn what manner of life Comgall led. That young man supposed himself to have followed a more austere life than others, and he requested our saint, not to conceal any of his accustomed practices. The latter, in the middle of the night, conducted him towards a neighbouring river. The young monk felt himself unable to bear certain alternations of heat and cold, in the water, whenheentereditwithSt. Comgall. Admiringthenceforththoseausterities and graces enjoyed by our saint, his former presumption immediately vanished, and he became a monk, under Comgall's rule. Another day, while the Abbot sailed over an arm of the sea, he reproved a young monk, named Crimac- than. 23 This devout servant immediately left the vessel. Prostrating himself on the sea, it was able to support him, as if he had stood upon dry land. There he remained, until the Abbot called him into the bark. This he entered, with garments not even moist. The vessel continued motionless, meanwhile, in the same place, although the winds blew, and sails were set.
E. onan,2+ son to Aeda, had a wife, named Brava. She was exceedingly beautiful, and much loved by him, until she gave birth to a son, whose face appeared blackened. This inclined the chief to dismiss his wife, with her offspring ; nor would he even acknowledge the child to be his own. Brava thenwenttoSt. Comgall,declaringthecauseforherej^pulsion. Thereupon, our saint bestowed a blessing, on the boy's face and eyes. At the instant, this child became exceedingly beautiful. Such a miracle induced Ronan, to receive again both mother and son, with due regard. ^5 On the occasion of his visit to Scotland—which is assumed—St. Comgall is said to have con-
dwelt in Mae-mad Castle
f'^
'^ This was done, to molify the wrath or move to clemency men in power, and the practice is often nolicetl in the Lives of our Irish Saints.
'9 This place appears to have escaped identification.
^- Nothing transpires to identify this reli- gious.
=' Who he was does not seem to be known.
-* Elsewhere, his name does not appear in history, although he appears to have been a person of distinction.
'° See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus ii. , x.
Maii. Vita S. Comgalli, ex MS. antique et
editione Sirini, cap. iii. , num, 41, 42, Maii. Vita S. Comgalli, ex MS. antiquo
p. 587.
^' The situation of this fort is not further
indicated.
et editione Sirini, cap. ii. , num. 43, 44, 45, 46, p. 587.
-^ See Bishop De Burgo's " Oflicia Pro- M
=5 gee " Acta Sanctorum," tomus ii. , x.
pria Sanctorum Hibernije," Die x. Maii. In
Festo S. Congalli, ii. Noctuino, Lect. vi. ,
P-53-
"' According to the " Scolichronicon," he
is reckoned to have been the thirtj'-fourth Pictish king in succession, from the first Cruthnean monarch. See Ussher's " Bri- tannicarum Ecclesiarum Antiquitates," cap. XV. , p. 372.
of the man of God. "—"Life of St. Patrick, Apostle of Ireland, with those of St. Bridget, virgin and abbess, and of St. Columba, Abbot and Apostle of the Northern Picts. A Triple Leaf just collected from the purest
sources," chap, iii. , p. 125.
3* See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus ii. , x.
Maii. VitaS. Comgalli,exMS. antiqueet editione Sirini, cap. iii. , n. 48, p. 5S7.
^^ According to Venerable Bede's " His-
toria Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum," lib.
iii. , cap. iv. , pp. 272, 273. See Rev. J- A. 585. Fiachna's achievements are recorded
Giles' "CompleteWorks of Venerable Bede," &€. , vol. ii.
in Dr. O'Donovan's "Annals of the Four Masters. " Thus, in a. d. 590, he gained a victory, at Eadan-mor, " the great Brow," or " Face of a Hill "—supposed by Dr.
'9 Supposed to be the present Craig Pha-
drick, a vitrified structure, near the River
Ness. There is a sketch and section, with O'Donovar to have been in East Meath an interesting description of it, in John possibly the ancient name of Edenrath, near Williams' "Account of some remarkable Navan. There, he defeated Gerthidhe, son
ancient Ruins in the Highlands," p. 31. Edinburgh,1777.
3° According to Tigernach's Annals, MS. Bodl. Rawlinson. B. 488. See " Chronicles of the Picts, Chronicles of the Scots, and other early Memorials of Scottish History," editedbyWilliamF. Skene,LL. D. ,p. 67.
of Ronan, chief of Cianachta-Breagh, in the eastofMeath. In592,FiachnaslewAedh Dubh, son to Suibhne, King of Ulidia. Again, Fiachna gained a victory over the Munstermen, in 593, at the battle of Sliabh- cua, in the north-west of the county of Waterford. In597,hegainedthebattleof
3' See "Cronica Brevis," MS. Bib. Fac. Cuil-Cael, "the narrow Angle" or
Jurid. Edin. , 34, 7. 3. —//'/(/. , p. 150.
3^ See James Taylor's ' Pictorial History
of Scotland," vol. i. , chap, iii. , p. 26.
33 The patron saint of Kilkenny, whose
feast occurs on the iith of October.
3* As we are told, " Sanctus cum pancis fratribus extra regis munitionem"—Rev. Dr. Reeves' Adamnan's " Life of St. Coluniba," lib. i. , cap. 37, p. 73, and lib. ii. , cap. 35,
p. 151.
35 The incident is related in the Acts of
" Corner," over Fiachna, son of Deman. This place was situated, either in the county o( Down or of Antrim. At last, in 604, this same Fiachna, designated Caech, or "the blind," was slain by the Cruithni. See vol. i. , pp. 212, 213, and n. (i), pp. 214, 215, and nn. (t, u), pp. 216, 217, and n. (c), pp. 222, 223, and n. (t), pp. 230, 231, and n. (u).
3** In 592, he succeeded to this position, after slaying Aedh-Dubh.
39 The site is yet marked, by a large irre- gular oval-shaped Rath, 138 on the long diameter, inside, and 108 feet, in the short
this great Apostle of the Picts, when Brudc
" shut himself up within tiie walls of the
royal residence at Iiivcriu-ss, hoping there diameter. It was formerly surrounded, by to remain undisturbed from the intrusion a deep and wide fosse, now partially filled
3' He was most probably Fiachna, the son of Baedan, the King of Ulidia, who died a. d.
—
lyS LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [May 1 6.
tributed'^to the conversion of Brideus—odierwise Brudeus^7—King of die NorthernPicts,andsonofMeilochon. ^^ Helivedinagreatfort,^? where the modern town of Inverness, in Scotland, is situated. His reign com- menced in 557, and terminated a. d. 584. 3° Other accounts have it, that he reigned thirty years,^' and possessed great influence, in the northern parts of Scotland. 3^ At one time, as we are informed, St. Comgall, St. |CoIumba, and St.
