From this period, pilgrimages
third time restored original state, and any former period.
third time restored original state, and any former period.
Dodsley - Select Collection of Old Plays - v1
Fullert mentions a book written by our author, intitled, Monumenta literaria ; which are said to be
Non tam labore condita, quan lepore condita.
* Vol. III. # Worthies, p. 221.
DRAMATIS PERSONAE.
A PALMER, A PARDoNER, A PotIcARY,
A PEDLER.
THE FOUR P's #.
Palmer. Now God be here; who kepeth this place? Now by my fayth, I crye you mercy;
Of reason I must sew for grace,
My rewdnes sheweth met so homely. Wherof your pardon axt and wonne,
I sew you”, as curtesy doth me bynde,
To tell this whiche shalbe begonne,
In order as may come beste in mynde. I am a Palmer, as ye”
Whiche my lyfe muche part have“ spent many fayre and farre” cuntrie,
Although more pains than usual were bestowed tion this piece, yet, was printed originally
the colla Dodsley
from the most corrupt the old copies, many the errors and few interpolations were allowed the subsequent editor re main. The orthography also, professed observed, was very
frequently abandoned. -
Palmer] “The difference between pilgrim and palmer was “thus; The pilgrim had some home dwelling place; but the
“Palmer had none. The pilgrim travelled some certain de “signed place places; but the palmer all. The pilgrim went “at his own charges; but the palmer professed wilful poverty, and “went upon alms. The pilgrim might give over his profession,
and return home; but the palmer must constant till had “obtained the palm, that victory over spiritual enemies,
“and life “staff, Staveley's
death, and thence his name Palmer, else from boughs palm, which always carried along him. ” Raman Horseleech, 1769, 93.
The first edition gives this line, “My rewdnes sheweth me
and that 1569 has
“My rudenes sheweth me not
homely,
- The negative certainly seems have been inserted mistake.
sew you] sue now, edition 1569. you, edit. 1569.
have] hath, 1st edit. fayre and farre] far and faire, edit, 1569.
homely. ”
** “ a In t1*
*
to
3 ye
be to be all to
by
on by
of
or
of it.
C.
it
p. he
by
by
a of
or
of a
is,
se,
no ora so so
to
he a
to
or
of as
of
54 THE You R P's.
As pilgryms do of good intent. At Hiernsalem" have I bene
Before Chryste's blessed sepulture:
The mount of Calvery have I sene’
A holy place ye may be sure.
To Josaphat and Olyvete"
On fote, god wote, I wenteryght bare : Many a salte tere dyd I swete,
* Hierusalem], Jerusalem. edit, 1569. edit. 1569.
7 have II I have,
* To Josaphat and Olyvete, Maundevile thus mentions these places. “And towards the Est syde, withoute the walles of the
“cytee Jerusalem) “to the walles, thoughe
the vale Josaphathe, that touchethe were large dyche. And anen that the cytee, the chirche Seynt “Stevene, where was stoned dethe. ” Voiage and Travaile, 8vo.
1725, 96, “And above the vale, the mount Olyvete; and “it cleped so, for the plentee olyves, that growen there.
“That mount more highe than the cytee Jerusalem is; and therefore may men upon that mount, see many the stretes the
“cytee. And betwene that mount and the cytee, not but “vale Josaphathe, that not fulle large. And fro that mount, “steighe oure Lord Jesu Christ hevene, upon Ascencioun-day:
and there schewethe the schapp his left foot- the ston. ” Voiage and Travaile, 8vo. 1725, 116.
“vale Josaphathe out
Dr. Audrew Borde's Introduction
Knowledge, 1542, Sign. that writer, who had been pilgrimage Jerusalem, says.
and that there great confluence pylgrims the holy pulchre, and many holy places, will wushe somewhat that
“doo know, and have sene the place. Whosoever that dothe “pretende Jerusalem, let him prepare himselfe
“forth England after Easter dayes,” &c. He then rects the route traveller ought take, and adds, “when you
come Jerusalem, the friers which called cordaline, they saynct Fraunces, other they wyl receave you with devocion
and brynge you the sepulchre: the holy sepulchre wythin “the church, and the mount Calvery, where Jesu Christ
did suffer his passions. The churche rounde lyke temple, “is more larger than anye temple that have sene amonges “Jues. The sepulchre grated rounde aboute wyth yrone, than “no man shall great pycke out any stones. The sepulchre
lyke lytle house, the which masons was dyged out “rocke stone. There maye stonde wythin the sepulchre ax “xii parsons, but few none dothe into the sepulcre, except “they singulerly beloved, and then they night wyth
“great feare and reverence. ”
be ofa
is
p. of (i. e.
go in
of
by
to
in
of is
or
is
is
is of it
by go
Iis
toora a of8I ofisof
“““““““N““
or of
a a is
to diset
of
or
so to is
to is a
theit
be
I se.
the ,
a
is
of
of
3. In
to of
zit of
be
of of of
is
a
go to
is
he
as
to
in
7 onp. to to
to
THE Four P's 55
Before thys carkes coulde” come thare Yet have I bene at Rome also,
And gone the statyons” arow: Saynt peter's shryne and many mo,
Than told know.
Except that there any suche,
That hath ben there, and diligently Hath taken hede, and marked muche, Then can they speke muche
Then the Rodes” also was And rounde about Amias
Saynt Toncomber and Saynt Tronion”:
Saynt Bothulph" and Saynt Anne Buckston
coulde] would, edit. 1569.
the statyons (stationes, jurnee)] Answered the stages be
tween London and Rome, Holy Land; which there map
Ms. Math. Paris Roy. Libr.
and Pl. VII. Brit. Topog. vol. 85.
In Borde's Introduction (before quoted) said, and foras much there may bee many that hath wrytten the holy lands, the stacyons and the jurney way, doo passe over speake
forther this matter, &c.
. ** Rodes] Rhodes, island which the Knights Hospitallers,
now Knights Malta, retired, being driven out Jerusalem. Amias]. Probably Emaus, near Jerusalem.
Saint Toncomber and Saynt Tronion] Of these saints, places,
can give account.
Mr. Steevens letter the printer the Saint James's
Chronicle, points out the following mention Saint Tronion,
Geffrey Fenton's Tragical Discourses, 4to. 1567 fo. 114 “He re
“turned haste his lodgynge, where attended the approche “of his hower appointment wyth lesse devocyon, than the “Papistes France performe their ydolatrous pilgrimage the “ydoll, Saynt Tronyon, upon the mount Avyon, besides Roan. ” Regarding Saint Toncomber,
any thing.
This worthy also noticed Virginia 1575. Sign.
“Nay, softe, my maisters,
professes unable add the following terms Apius and
saincte Thomas Trunions.
“I
disposed buy
Saynt Bothulph] Saint Bothulph said have been born
Cornwall, and was eminent for working miracles about the time Lucius. He was buried Boston Lincolnshire.
Saynt Anne Buckston] “Within the parish Bacwell, ‘‘Derbyshyre, chappel (somtyme dedicated St. Annc),
am not
your
onions. ”
VII. and Benet. Coll.
is
I of ix. in * *”**a*
At At
at
E, a
2. an to
all be ye as do
in
I. 14
to to
to be
of ef
it G. of is
to of is
of
C. of
of
in
ain ofin
in
c.
is
p. C.
to
of by
oror
in
I. in no
of as
of
at
yf I
is R. of
aof toinof
in he
to
onto or
". I all
in
to
b. to
or
to
is a
no
; as he of I.
of
I
56 THE Four P's.
On the hylles of Armony, where I see” Noe's arke"; With holy Job, and saynt George in Southwarke”;
At Waltam” and at Walsyngham";
“ place called Bucston, wheare is a hotte bathe, of such like qualities “as those mentioned in Bathe be. Hyther they weare wont to run on “pilgrimage, ascribinge to St. Anne miraculously, that thinge which
“is in that and sondrye other waters naturally. ” Lombarde's Dic tionarium, p. 48. Drayton says,
“—I can again produce those wondrous wells
“Of Bucston, as I have, that most delicious fount “Which men the second Bath of England do account,
“Which in the primer reigns, when first this well began “To have her virtues known unto the blest St. Anne, “Was consecrated then. ” Poly Olbion, Song xxvi.
** see saw 2nd edition.
16 hyles of Armeny, where I Noe's arke;] “And passe men
“be this Ermonie, and entren the see Persie. Fro that cytee “Artyroun, men hille that clept Sobissocolle. And there “besyde another hille, that men clepen Ararathe; but the Jewes
“clepen Tanee: where Noes schipp rested, and zit upon that “montayne: and men may seen ferr, cleer wedre; and “that montayne wel myle highe. And sum men seyn, that “thei han seen and touched the schipp; and put here fyngres
the parties, where the feend went out, whan that Noe seyde, Benedicite. But they that seyn suche wordes, seyn here wille:
“for man may not gon snow, that alle weys
the montayne, for gret plentee
that montayne; nouther somer
“wynter: that
“sithe the tyme “broughte
may gon there, Noe, saf monk, that,
179.
saynt George Suthwarke] Formerly belonging
Bermondsey. See Stow's Survey.
Waltam] The famous holy Cross Waltham
dition says was discovered the following manner: the reign Canute, living Lutegaresbyry, had
might Christ crucified, whom was commanded
man
never man dide, the grace God
the plankes doun that zit
the mynstre, the foot the montayne. ” Maundevile's Voiage and Travaile,
1727,
palish priest, and direct him ioners, solemn procession
digging they would find
sion. The man neglecting
vision the the walk, accompanied with his parish
the top adjoining hill, where
cross the very sign Christ's pas perform the orders the image was
visited second time, and his hands were then griped such
manner, that the marks remained some time after. He then ac quainted the priest, and, they were ordered, they proceeded the place pointed out, where they discovered great marble, hav ing black flint the image the crucifix. They then formed the lord the manor the transaction; and imme
the priory
which tra carpenter,
of
in ofno
is ;
of
see
he
ingo of to in
a
is be in
in
so
in to
at
meof in
of
aon inof““*“
17
in a
18 itbyinof p.
it
go
of it a
is
of of
ne aA;
of
ofon sois of
as to byin
a up
a an 7
toto at a
on
of he ; it up a
is
of
of an
of
to to
is
to
THE Fou R P's.
And at the good rood” of dagnam";
57
diately resolved to send the cross first to Canterbury, and after wards to Reading; but on attempting to draw it to these places,
although with the force of twelve red oxen, and as many white kine, it was found impracticable, and he was obliged to desist.
He then determined to
Waltham, and immediately the itself. the way many persons and the relick soon became much re
wain began were healed
move thither disorders
the pilgrims
Lambarde's Dictionarium Angliae
4to. 1730, 431.
Walsynghum] “Walsingham,
the miracles performed Topographicum Historicum,
sorted
account
Norfolk, where was anciently “an image the Virgin Mary, famous over Europe for the “numerous pilgrimages made and the great riches pos
“sessed. Erasmus has given very exact and humorous descrip
“tion the superstitions practised there his time. See his Ac
“count the VIRGo PARATH ALAssi his Colloquy, intitled, “PEREGRIN AT10 Religion ERGo. He tells the rich offer “ings silver, gold, and precious stones, that were there shewn “him, were incredible; there being scarce person any note “in England, but what some time other paid visit, sent “present,
our LADY WALsix HAM. At the dissolution “the monasteries, 1538, this splendid image, with another from
“Ipswich, was carried Chelsea, and there burnt the pre “sence commissioners. ” See Percy’s Reliques Ancient Poetry
vol. II. 79. Robert Longland,
“Hermets
“Wenten
“Great loubies and longe, loth were swinke, “Clothed him copes knowen from other, “And shopen hem her mets; her ease have. ”
says,
Pier's Plowman's Visions, 1550, heape, wyth hoked staves,
Walsingham, and her wenches after.
See also Weever's Funeral Monuments, 131,
rood] Hearne, his Glossary Peter Langtoft, 544. under
the word cross observes, that although the cross and the rood are commonly taken for the same, yet the rood properly signified formerly the image Christ the cross, represent both the cross and the figure our blessed Saviour suffered upon
The roods that were churches and chapels were placed shrines, that were styled Rood-lofts, Rood-loft (saith Blount) “shrine, whereon was placed the cross Christ. The rood was an “image Christ the cross, made generally wood, and
erected loft for that purpose, just over the passage out the “church into the chancel. ” But rood-loft sometimes also signifies
shrine, which was placed the image relicks cause generally crucifix, cross, used likewise
saint, be attend such
image
Dagnam] Dagenham,
relicks.
Foes.
*
or
a“it. *
*it.
i. a e.
in
to on
a in
in
in
Is of it aonto atoat
-
or
inof
in ;
to of on fix
on
in of a
to
p. by of of
to
of or
A, in in
In
toof of a
p.
p.
1. in of
on
of
of
a in
or ofa
it
by
p. of
in ofof
to
in “tobeyt Gor it,of
asas heto
to to
a
all
&
so
a
of us
p.
58 THE Four P's.
At saynt Cornelys *; at saynt James in Gales”: And at saynt Wynefryde's well” in Walles;
At our lady of Boston”; at saynt Edmund's byryes;
** saynt Cornelys] Saint Cornelys, according to the Legenda Aurea, succeeded Fabyan in the papacy, and was beheaded in the reign of Decian, for refusing to sacrifice in the Temple of Mars. There was a fraternity in his honour at Westminster. See their pardon, Brit. Top. I. 772.
*3 saynt James in Gales] Weever in his Funeral Monuments, p. 17. 2. observes that “ —the Italians, yea those that dwell neare “Rome, will mocke and scoffe at our English (and other) pil “grims that go to Rome to see the Pope's holinesse, and
Peter's chaire, and yet they themselves will runne see the re liques Saint Iames Compostella the kingdom Galicia,
“Spaine, which above twelve hundred English miles. ” See also Dr. Geddes's Tracts.
saynt Wynefryde's well] Saint Wenefrede's well, near Holy
well, the county steep hill out
well, covered with quisitely carved
Flint, spring which rises the foot rock, and formed into beautiful polygonal rich arch supported pillars; the roof ex stone; over the fountain, the legend St. pendent projection, with the arms England the fine ribs secure the arch, whose intersections are
Wenefrede
bottom. Numbers
coupled with some sculpture. To this place the resort pilgrims was formerly very great; and, though considerably diminished,
there are still seen the summer few the water
deep devotion their chins for hours, sending their prayers, performing number evolutions round the polygonal well;
threading the arch between well and well prescribed number times. The legend St. Wenefrede well known. Those who desire more information this subject; may referred The Legenda Aurea, Bishop Fleetwood's Works; Mr. Pennant's Tour
into Wales, 28.
our Lady Boston] Botolph's town, Lincolnshire,
where St. Botolph was buried.
“Delicious Wytham leads holy Botolph's town. ”
Poly Olbion, Song xxv.
saynt Edmund's byry] —is named Kinge Edmunde, “whom the comon Chronicles call St. Edmund, Edmund the “Martyr; for Bury, but say court palace. was first
“a colledge priestes, founded Athelstane the kinge “Ingland, the honour and memorye Edmund that was slayne “at Hoxton (then called Eylesdund [or Eglesdon], Leland “thinketh,) whose bones removed thyther. The hole hystorie
this matter enterlaced with miracles, that Polydor him “selfe (who beleaved them better than began dalye with
“sayinge, that Monkes were muche delighted with them. ” Lam barde's Dictionarium, 35.
z p.
so
is
of of
of
-
it;
of
oforor
of
“ **, a ““
of
24
he
a
of
or
or
upin
by a
It as
of in
at at of
of to
in St.
At
At
in
of
p.
is of be of
to
of
to
to
on a
to
“ Or
is is a
to by
is
in
I)
to or in of
of
be
on
of
to
a up
a a
of inaa in
is
THE FouR P's. 59
And streyght to saynt Patryke's purgatory”; At Ridybone", and at the blood of Hayles”,
*1 Saunt Patryke's purgatory] This place, which was much fre quented by pilgrims, was situate on a lake called Logh Derg, in
the Southern part of the county of Donegall, near the borders of Tyrone and Fermanagh. It was surrounded with wild and barren
mountains, and was almost inaccessible by horsemen even in sum mer time, on account of great bogs, rocks, and precipices, which
environed The popular tradition concerning ridiculous
found After continuing
any Legend the Romish Martyrology. great credit many years, began decline;
Henry the Seventh was demolished with great
and the 13th
solemnity, St. Patrick's-day, the Pope's express order. however, afterwards came into reputation again, insomuch that,
order the Privy Council, dated 13th September, 1682, was second time destroyed.
From this period, pilgrimages
third time restored original state, and any former period. this condition
1545, describes
taken fire, reason
Melvil’s Memoirs, mentioned
edit. 1683. Erasmus's Praise
Folie, 1549, Sign.
fashion, will appear extraordinary that the place
grew less
should
visited
until the second year Queen Anne, when act
Parliament declared, that meetings und assemblies there should
adjudged riots and unlawful assemblies, and inflicted penalty
upon every person meeting assembling contrary
The ceremonies performed the pilgrims are very exactly
set forth Richardson's Great Folly, Superstition, and Idolatry, Pilgrimages Ireland, especially that Patrick's Purgatory Dublin, 8vo. 1727.
Enough hath been already said the subject Saint Patrick's Purgatory, shall therefore only add, that often mentioned Froissard's Chronicle, and that Sir James Melvil who visited
looking “like old coal-pit, which had the smoke that came out the hole. ”
“Whereas before satte heavie and glommyng, had “come lately from Troponius cave, Saint Pattricke's purgatorie. ”
“from Paganisme, whose reliques such was the regard that the “abbottes the monasterie Alban had, that they should “devoutly preserved, that decree was made Thomas then
Redburne within three miles St. Alban's.
Ridybone. . ]
“At this place, says Norden, were founde the reliques Amphi “ball, who saide be the instructour and convertour Alban
abbott, that pryor and three munckes should appointed “this holie function, whose allowance those dayes amounted
“yearely pound, upwardes,
“pound this age. ” Description Hartfordshire,
three hundred
-
22.
See also Weever's Funeral Monuments, 585. Dr. Middleton,
his Letter from Rome, says, Bishop Usher has proved that this
much
much continued
the Irish
the Statute.
2
asin p.
an to of it St.
in “ *It“ is
be
an as
into
20 a of is
I
in
of
on beit.
as p.
be by
of
an it
to be
i.
of e. yeinp. as
to be
of it
of in
in
to
by it
in
9. of
of or on Inits of
or
a
all
or of by
all
of
to
by
is
of
it
of of
as of to
to it as ofofif aas
ye
A. inin of
it
it byIt,
as be ina in
a inis to
as is
60 THE Fou R P's.
Where pilgrymes paynes ryght much avayles; At saynt Davys and saynt Denis";
saint never existed, and that we owe the honour his saintship
Amphibolus blood
†.
founded
mistaken passage
the Legend nothing
St. Alban, where the
cloak. ”
Hayles. ] The abbey Hailes, Gloucestershire, was Richard, king the Romans, brother Henry the Third. This precious relick, which was commonly called the blood
there mentioned
more than
Edmund, who bestowed third part upon his father's abbey Hailes,
Hailes, was brought out Germany
son
and some time after gave the other two parts own foundation Ashrug, near Berkhamstead.
and believed have this property, that,
abbey his was given out,
man was mortal sin, and not absolved, could not see it; otherwise, might
see very well: therefore every man that came see this mira cle, this most precious blood, confessed himself first one the priests there; and then, offering something the altar, was di rected chapel, where the miracle was shewed; the priest who confessed him, the mean time retiring the back part the said chapel, and putting forth little cabinet, vessel crystal; which being thick the one side, that nothing could seen through it; but the other side, thin and transparent, they used diversely, their interest required. On the dissolution the abbey, was discovered nothing more than honey clarified and coloured with saffron, “an unctowse gumme coloured, which
the glasse apperyd glisterynge red resemblyng partlie the color blood, and owte the glasse apparaunte glystering
yelow colour like ambre basse gold,” Certificate visitors, printed end Hearne's Benedictus Abbas II. 751.
Saynt Davys] Saint David. Drayton, his Poly Olbion,
Song xxiv. says,
“Whose Cambro Britons their saints
“T” advance the Christian faith, effectually that wrought; “Their David (one deriv'd th’ royal British blood), “Who against Pelagius' false and damn'd opinions stood; “And turn’d Menenia's name David's sacred see,
“The patron
See an account
Prasulibus Anglia,
some accounts, the year 546, according 542. His shrine, am informed remains dral Pembrokeshire.
saynt Denis. ] Denis, the patron
others, the year the wall his cathe
the Welsh deserving well be. ”
him an extract from Bale, Godwin
573. edit, 1743. He said have been bishop years, and have lived 146. He died, according
France, said have been the disciple St. Paul, and the first who preached the gospel
the French. The Legend concerning him affirms, that, after was beheaded near Paris, he walked four miles with his head
his hands. His body was said intombed very magnificently the abbey St. Denis, which the pilgrims used resort.
duly brought,
at to
in
* it *a
of
to be
be to or a be
ofof of is of
at
to
to
to
of so
inhe
to de
*I
in
of to of a by
65
ofIin of intoa
St.
p. ofof in
e.
on
39,
ofin
to ifby of
is to
to Itan
a of to
-
be
of of of of
to
to
tois ofin toin
at a
to in or to
in
to
as
it to as
at
i. on at
of
he
of a it
in
of of heinof
61
* Saynt Mark in Venis] At the Church of St. Mark, in Venice, they pretend to have the body of that Evangelist, which was
brought thither by certain merchants from Alexandria in Egypt in the year 810. Coryat says, that the treasure of this church was of that inestimable value, that it was thought no treasure whatsoever
in any other place in Christendom might compare with neither that St. Denis France, nor St. Peter's Rome, nor that
THE Four P's.
At saynt Mathew, and saynt Mark in Venis”;
At mayster Johan shorne at Canterbury 23;
The graet God of Katewade”, at kynge Henry. ” At saynt Savyour's"; at our lady of Southwell 37;
Madonna Loretto Italy, nor that Toledo Spain, nor any other. See Coryat's Crudities, 214; and The Commonwealth and Government Venice, Contareno, translated Lewes Lewknor, Esq. 1599,
175.
mayster Johan shorne Canterbury;] Who this John Shorne
was can give account. the Preface The Accedence Armorie, 4to. 1597, story told one who had been called worship city, within Middlesex, and who being desired
herald shew his coat (i. e. arms,) “called unto his mayd, “commanding her fetch his coat, which, being brought, was
“cloth garded with burgunian gard bare velvet, well bawde
“fied the halfe placard, and squallotted
the fore quarters.
“Lo, quoth the man
“ye shall have time “the rest and by.
the heraught, here
payment, first
And with much boste said,
will buy hand, and
ware not
the same since he came last from Sir John Shorne, &c. ” Katewade] Catwade-bridge Sampford hundred, the
county Suffolk, where there may have been famous chapel and rood. G.
Henry] Herry, edit. 1569.
Saynt Savyour's] “In September, the same yeare (says
“Weever, 111. ), viz. an. 30 Hen. VIII. the special motion “of great Cromwell, all the notable images, unto the which were “made any especiall pilgrimages and offerings, the images “our Lady Walsingham, Ipswich, Worcester, the Lady Wilso “don, the rood grace our Lady Boxley, and the image
“the rood Saint Saviour Bermondsey, with all the rest, were “brought London, and burnt Chelsey, the command
“ment the foresaid Cromwell, all the jewels, and other rich “offerings, these, and the shrines (which were likewise “taken away, beaten pieces) other saints throughout both “England and Wales were brought into the king's treasure. ”
our lady Southwell] The church dedicated Saint Mary Southwel, Nottinghamshire.
pay halfe
* -
it, ofatoof
of
at* at
** *“ Ias
to
in ye
of in by
to
upof
of p.
in or to of of
no in
to to
of at
is in
of In p.
of of byap. ofde
of ontoin
is
as
ofat inof of
all
of
he
of to
atoa in by
of
of to in
of
by a itin to by he is,
in
it,
atas if
62 THE Fou R P's.
At Crome *, at Wylsdome”, and at Muswel”; At saynt Rycharde and saynt Roke *;
Crome. the County Kent, near Greenwich.
Wylsdome]. Finsbury hundred, Middlesex, the chapel dicated Mary. See above, Note 86.
Muswel) Muswell-hill, called also Pinsenall-hill there “was chapple sometime bearing the name our ladie Mus
“well: where now Alderman Roe hath erected
the place taketh name the well and “hill; for there the hill spring now within the compass the house.
proper house, the hill, Mousewell
faire water, which There was sometime
“image the ladie Muswell, whereunto was continuall “sort, the way pylgrimage, growing (though take
“it fabulouslie) reported regard great cure which was per “formed this water, upon king Scots, who being strangely “diseased, was, some devine intelligence, advised take the “water well England, called Muswell, which after long “scrutation and inquisition, this well was found and performed
the cure. ” Norden's Speculum Britanniae, 36. edit. 1728. am informed, that the mosaic pavement and other ruins this well and chapel were seen about years ago.
saynte Rycharde] This was probably Richard Fitznige, bishop
London, and treasurer England, the time Henry the Second. His shrine was, Weever observes, 714. St. Paul's Church; and contributed largely the building church, conjectures
have been erected there that account. Drayton, however, his Poly Olbion, Song xxiv. speaks
of others that name, as
“Richard, the dear son Lothar king Kent, “When his happy days religiously had spent; “And feeling the approach his declining age,
holy pilgrimage; “Into thy country come, Lucca left his life,
“Desirous see Rome
“Whose miracles there done, yet this day are rife. ” Again, -
“So countries more remote with ours we did acquaint, “. . . As Richard for the fame his holiness had won,
“And for the wondrous things that through his prayers were done; From this his native home into Calabria call’d,
“And St. Andrew's there the bishop was install'd
“For whom she hath profess'd much reverence Again,
So other southern sees, here either less more, Have likewise had their saints—— -
this land. ”
“.
“Saint Richard, and with him St. Gilbert, which “Inroll'd amongst the rest this our mitred band. ”
we have of Chichester
stand Saynt Roke] Saint Roke, Roch, was born Montpelier,
42 “*“.
of of
of“ ““
*" * a at
** to
or
atin toin
or at
to 25
to aa
in -
I
rean is
de
do
of
in of
;
to
aIs
of to
in
of of a
he its of inof a by
St. heas byis“In
In
to he in of
of on
it asof to in a
41, of tobeofof
on of the
of
of :
as of of
p. p. is of
a
at
of
THEFouR P’s. 63
And at our lady that standeth in the oke. ” To these, with other many one,
Devoutly have I prayed and gone,
Prayeing to them, to pray for me
Unto the blessed trynytye,
By whose prayers and my dayly payne, I truste the soner to obtain 49
For my salvacyon, grace and mercy. For be ye sure I thynke surely,”
Who seketh sayntes for Chryste's sake, And namely suche as payme do take On fote, to punysh their "frail body, Shall therby meryte more hyely
Then by any thynge done by man.
Pardoner. ” And when ye have gone as far as ye” Can,
For your labour and gostely entente,
Ye” will come home wyse wente. Palmer. Why, syr, dyspyse pylgrymage
Pardoner. Nay, fore” god, syr, then dyd rage; thynke ryght well occupyed,
seke these sayntes every syde. Also your payne” nat dyspraise
But yet
And you
discomende your wit: we even shall ye,
thys wyl answere me.
France; and died prison Anglerye, the province Lom bardy, where large church was built honour him. See
Legenda Aurea,
238. World Wonders, 816.
obtain] obtaye, 1st edit. surely] assuredly edit. their] thy, 1st edit.
Pardoner] “Pardoners were certain fellows that carried
“about the Pope's Indulgences, and sold them such would “buy them; against whom Luther, Sleydan's report, incensed
the people Germany his time, exhorting them “viles tanti emerent. ” Cowel.
ye] you, edit. 1569.
Ye will come home] Yet welcome, 1st edit.
fore] for, lst edit. payne] paynes, or] ere, edit. 1569.
merces tam
edit.
49 **7
of
or in * I
all
in *
at so on as O.
“
* * * *
If
To I
2d
- ne 2d
of I2 of
4 G. by
yeas ye
to
as
of
ye go
p. a
in
in in
it;
I
64 THE Fou R P's.
I pray you shew what the cause is
Ye wente these pylgrymages?
Palmer. Forsoth, this lyfe dyd begyn
To rydde the bondage my syn:
For whiche these sayntes rehersed have both sought and sene, wys;
Besechynge them bear recorde Of my payne, unto the lord, That gyveth remyssion,
Upon eche man's contricyon
this:
trust have
For my soule helthe the better spede.
Pardoner. Nowe your owne confessyon lykely To make yourselfe’s fole quyckely.
For perceyve wolde obtayn
No other “thynge for your payne,
thyr good mediacion, Upon myne humble submyssion,
And
very dede,
But onely grace your soule save
Now marke this what wyt
have. To seke farre, and helpe nye;
Even here home remedy:
For your dore myselfe doth dwell,
Who coulde have saved your soule
As your wyde wandrynge shall do,
well;
Palmer.
wente thryes Jericho, myght have spedde
Though Nowe syns What have
this true that Then my wyt dede reproved.
home,
Rome have moved,
wone ronnying
But here fyrste what are
Pardoner. Truly am pardoner.
Palmer. Truly pardoner! that may true;
But true pardoner doth nat ensew.
myne) my, edit. 1569. other] nother, 1st edit.
yourselfel you, edit. 1569.
ronnying] running, 1st edit. - - This mistake, the first edition reading ronnying, which
the old spelling running. Another error was committed, printing hitherto “running Rome” the correct reading being
‘ronnying Rome. ”
***II
I
of in yein
all
is no a letis atit a us
all at ye
to
by
If yeye
at
in
all
aI be is
C. by a
is
to
to a to all
so ye soyeto : I
of
I
in is -
-
be
:ye* : at at as
or
2
so
*
all
THE Fou R P's.
65
Ryght selde is it sene, or never,
That treuth and pardoners dwell together, For be your pardons never so great,
Yet them to enlarge ye wyll nat let,
With suche lyes, that ofttymes Cryste wot,
Ye seme to have that ye have nat.
Wherfore I went my selfe to the selfe thynge In every place, and without faynynge:
Had as much pardon there assuredly,
As ye can promyse me here doutefully. Howe be thynke but scoffe:
But And
hadde the pardon speak” whyt pardon graunted
any place, where have haunted: Yet my labour nothynge repent;
God hathe respect how eche tyme spent. And his knowlege all regarded
his goodnes rewarded.
Pardoner. By the fyrste parte this last tale,
seemeth came late from the ale.
For reason your syde farre doth fayle, That leve reasoning,” and begyn rayle. Wherin you forget your owne part clerely
For you” untrue
And one poynteye are beyonde me,
For you's may lye
And all that have
That man can
aucthoryte,farre, wandred
theyr controller.
And where you" esteme your labour
muche;
say yet agayne my pardons are suche,
hepe, wold brynge them heven, good chepe,
That there were thousand soules
scoffe] scofte, 1st edit. speak] kepe, 1st edit. the] this, edit. 1569.
came late] you come late, 1st edit.
reasoning] sonyng, 1st edit.
you] ye, 1st edit. have] hath, 1st edit.
are] be, 1st edit. wold brynge them
you] ye, 1st edit. you] ye, 1st edit. you] ye, 1st edit.
-
good chepel. Cheap, Dr.
heven,
Johnson observes, market, and good cheap therefore bou marche.
vo L.
to
ye in
ye it,
is
I
all as is ye
F is
as
of,
*7 6* ****** I ye
*I
I
yf no in
ItSo In
byas of noyf
all to
a
by
of * all
as
***
*7 *so
ye
of
beol onye as
of I all
be 64
to I: so* is
I
as on
of
so to : *
a
is
do
66
THE Four P's.
As ye have brought yourselfe on pylgrymage, In the least" quarter of your vyage,
Which is o far a this side heaven, by god: There your labour and pardon is od.
With smale cost and without any payne, These pardons bring” them to heven playne,
Geve me but a peny or two pens,
And assone as the soule departeth hens,
In halfe an houre, or thre quarters at the moste, The soule is in heven ; with the holy ghost.
Poticary. Sendeye any souls to heaven by water?
Pardoner. If we doo,” sir, what is the mater?
Poticary. By god, I have a drye soule shulde thyther;
I praye you let our soules go to heven togyther, - So bysy you twayne be in soules helth;
May nat a potycary come in-by stelth? Yes, that I wyl saynt Antony,
And
Prove parte
Thou,
thys company.
false knaves bothe, gre” goo,
your sayenges, thys,
thy travayle, thynkest heaven
the leve
pardons and reliques countest To sende thyne owne soule heaven sure; And other whome thou lyste procure.
Non tam labore condita, quan lepore condita.
* Vol. III. # Worthies, p. 221.
DRAMATIS PERSONAE.
A PALMER, A PARDoNER, A PotIcARY,
A PEDLER.
THE FOUR P's #.
Palmer. Now God be here; who kepeth this place? Now by my fayth, I crye you mercy;
Of reason I must sew for grace,
My rewdnes sheweth met so homely. Wherof your pardon axt and wonne,
I sew you”, as curtesy doth me bynde,
To tell this whiche shalbe begonne,
In order as may come beste in mynde. I am a Palmer, as ye”
Whiche my lyfe muche part have“ spent many fayre and farre” cuntrie,
Although more pains than usual were bestowed tion this piece, yet, was printed originally
the colla Dodsley
from the most corrupt the old copies, many the errors and few interpolations were allowed the subsequent editor re main. The orthography also, professed observed, was very
frequently abandoned. -
Palmer] “The difference between pilgrim and palmer was “thus; The pilgrim had some home dwelling place; but the
“Palmer had none. The pilgrim travelled some certain de “signed place places; but the palmer all. The pilgrim went “at his own charges; but the palmer professed wilful poverty, and “went upon alms. The pilgrim might give over his profession,
and return home; but the palmer must constant till had “obtained the palm, that victory over spiritual enemies,
“and life “staff, Staveley's
death, and thence his name Palmer, else from boughs palm, which always carried along him. ” Raman Horseleech, 1769, 93.
The first edition gives this line, “My rewdnes sheweth me
and that 1569 has
“My rudenes sheweth me not
homely,
- The negative certainly seems have been inserted mistake.
sew you] sue now, edition 1569. you, edit. 1569.
have] hath, 1st edit. fayre and farre] far and faire, edit, 1569.
homely. ”
** “ a In t1*
*
to
3 ye
be to be all to
by
on by
of
or
of it.
C.
it
p. he
by
by
a of
or
of a
is,
se,
no ora so so
to
he a
to
or
of as
of
54 THE You R P's.
As pilgryms do of good intent. At Hiernsalem" have I bene
Before Chryste's blessed sepulture:
The mount of Calvery have I sene’
A holy place ye may be sure.
To Josaphat and Olyvete"
On fote, god wote, I wenteryght bare : Many a salte tere dyd I swete,
* Hierusalem], Jerusalem. edit, 1569. edit. 1569.
7 have II I have,
* To Josaphat and Olyvete, Maundevile thus mentions these places. “And towards the Est syde, withoute the walles of the
“cytee Jerusalem) “to the walles, thoughe
the vale Josaphathe, that touchethe were large dyche. And anen that the cytee, the chirche Seynt “Stevene, where was stoned dethe. ” Voiage and Travaile, 8vo.
1725, 96, “And above the vale, the mount Olyvete; and “it cleped so, for the plentee olyves, that growen there.
“That mount more highe than the cytee Jerusalem is; and therefore may men upon that mount, see many the stretes the
“cytee. And betwene that mount and the cytee, not but “vale Josaphathe, that not fulle large. And fro that mount, “steighe oure Lord Jesu Christ hevene, upon Ascencioun-day:
and there schewethe the schapp his left foot- the ston. ” Voiage and Travaile, 8vo. 1725, 116.
“vale Josaphathe out
Dr. Audrew Borde's Introduction
Knowledge, 1542, Sign. that writer, who had been pilgrimage Jerusalem, says.
and that there great confluence pylgrims the holy pulchre, and many holy places, will wushe somewhat that
“doo know, and have sene the place. Whosoever that dothe “pretende Jerusalem, let him prepare himselfe
“forth England after Easter dayes,” &c. He then rects the route traveller ought take, and adds, “when you
come Jerusalem, the friers which called cordaline, they saynct Fraunces, other they wyl receave you with devocion
and brynge you the sepulchre: the holy sepulchre wythin “the church, and the mount Calvery, where Jesu Christ
did suffer his passions. The churche rounde lyke temple, “is more larger than anye temple that have sene amonges “Jues. The sepulchre grated rounde aboute wyth yrone, than “no man shall great pycke out any stones. The sepulchre
lyke lytle house, the which masons was dyged out “rocke stone. There maye stonde wythin the sepulchre ax “xii parsons, but few none dothe into the sepulcre, except “they singulerly beloved, and then they night wyth
“great feare and reverence. ”
be ofa
is
p. of (i. e.
go in
of
by
to
in
of is
or
is
is
is of it
by go
Iis
toora a of8I ofisof
“““““““N““
or of
a a is
to diset
of
or
so to is
to is a
theit
be
I se.
the ,
a
is
of
of
3. In
to of
zit of
be
of of of
is
a
go to
is
he
as
to
in
7 onp. to to
to
THE Four P's 55
Before thys carkes coulde” come thare Yet have I bene at Rome also,
And gone the statyons” arow: Saynt peter's shryne and many mo,
Than told know.
Except that there any suche,
That hath ben there, and diligently Hath taken hede, and marked muche, Then can they speke muche
Then the Rodes” also was And rounde about Amias
Saynt Toncomber and Saynt Tronion”:
Saynt Bothulph" and Saynt Anne Buckston
coulde] would, edit. 1569.
the statyons (stationes, jurnee)] Answered the stages be
tween London and Rome, Holy Land; which there map
Ms. Math. Paris Roy. Libr.
and Pl. VII. Brit. Topog. vol. 85.
In Borde's Introduction (before quoted) said, and foras much there may bee many that hath wrytten the holy lands, the stacyons and the jurney way, doo passe over speake
forther this matter, &c.
. ** Rodes] Rhodes, island which the Knights Hospitallers,
now Knights Malta, retired, being driven out Jerusalem. Amias]. Probably Emaus, near Jerusalem.
Saint Toncomber and Saynt Tronion] Of these saints, places,
can give account.
Mr. Steevens letter the printer the Saint James's
Chronicle, points out the following mention Saint Tronion,
Geffrey Fenton's Tragical Discourses, 4to. 1567 fo. 114 “He re
“turned haste his lodgynge, where attended the approche “of his hower appointment wyth lesse devocyon, than the “Papistes France performe their ydolatrous pilgrimage the “ydoll, Saynt Tronyon, upon the mount Avyon, besides Roan. ” Regarding Saint Toncomber,
any thing.
This worthy also noticed Virginia 1575. Sign.
“Nay, softe, my maisters,
professes unable add the following terms Apius and
saincte Thomas Trunions.
“I
disposed buy
Saynt Bothulph] Saint Bothulph said have been born
Cornwall, and was eminent for working miracles about the time Lucius. He was buried Boston Lincolnshire.
Saynt Anne Buckston] “Within the parish Bacwell, ‘‘Derbyshyre, chappel (somtyme dedicated St. Annc),
am not
your
onions. ”
VII. and Benet. Coll.
is
I of ix. in * *”**a*
At At
at
E, a
2. an to
all be ye as do
in
I. 14
to to
to be
of ef
it G. of is
to of is
of
C. of
of
in
ain ofin
in
c.
is
p. C.
to
of by
oror
in
I. in no
of as
of
at
yf I
is R. of
aof toinof
in he
to
onto or
". I all
in
to
b. to
or
to
is a
no
; as he of I.
of
I
56 THE Four P's.
On the hylles of Armony, where I see” Noe's arke"; With holy Job, and saynt George in Southwarke”;
At Waltam” and at Walsyngham";
“ place called Bucston, wheare is a hotte bathe, of such like qualities “as those mentioned in Bathe be. Hyther they weare wont to run on “pilgrimage, ascribinge to St. Anne miraculously, that thinge which
“is in that and sondrye other waters naturally. ” Lombarde's Dic tionarium, p. 48. Drayton says,
“—I can again produce those wondrous wells
“Of Bucston, as I have, that most delicious fount “Which men the second Bath of England do account,
“Which in the primer reigns, when first this well began “To have her virtues known unto the blest St. Anne, “Was consecrated then. ” Poly Olbion, Song xxvi.
** see saw 2nd edition.
16 hyles of Armeny, where I Noe's arke;] “And passe men
“be this Ermonie, and entren the see Persie. Fro that cytee “Artyroun, men hille that clept Sobissocolle. And there “besyde another hille, that men clepen Ararathe; but the Jewes
“clepen Tanee: where Noes schipp rested, and zit upon that “montayne: and men may seen ferr, cleer wedre; and “that montayne wel myle highe. And sum men seyn, that “thei han seen and touched the schipp; and put here fyngres
the parties, where the feend went out, whan that Noe seyde, Benedicite. But they that seyn suche wordes, seyn here wille:
“for man may not gon snow, that alle weys
the montayne, for gret plentee
that montayne; nouther somer
“wynter: that
“sithe the tyme “broughte
may gon there, Noe, saf monk, that,
179.
saynt George Suthwarke] Formerly belonging
Bermondsey. See Stow's Survey.
Waltam] The famous holy Cross Waltham
dition says was discovered the following manner: the reign Canute, living Lutegaresbyry, had
might Christ crucified, whom was commanded
man
never man dide, the grace God
the plankes doun that zit
the mynstre, the foot the montayne. ” Maundevile's Voiage and Travaile,
1727,
palish priest, and direct him ioners, solemn procession
digging they would find
sion. The man neglecting
vision the the walk, accompanied with his parish
the top adjoining hill, where
cross the very sign Christ's pas perform the orders the image was
visited second time, and his hands were then griped such
manner, that the marks remained some time after. He then ac quainted the priest, and, they were ordered, they proceeded the place pointed out, where they discovered great marble, hav ing black flint the image the crucifix. They then formed the lord the manor the transaction; and imme
the priory
which tra carpenter,
of
in ofno
is ;
of
see
he
ingo of to in
a
is be in
in
so
in to
at
meof in
of
aon inof““*“
17
in a
18 itbyinof p.
it
go
of it a
is
of of
ne aA;
of
ofon sois of
as to byin
a up
a an 7
toto at a
on
of he ; it up a
is
of
of an
of
to to
is
to
THE Fou R P's.
And at the good rood” of dagnam";
57
diately resolved to send the cross first to Canterbury, and after wards to Reading; but on attempting to draw it to these places,
although with the force of twelve red oxen, and as many white kine, it was found impracticable, and he was obliged to desist.
He then determined to
Waltham, and immediately the itself. the way many persons and the relick soon became much re
wain began were healed
move thither disorders
the pilgrims
Lambarde's Dictionarium Angliae
4to. 1730, 431.
Walsynghum] “Walsingham,
the miracles performed Topographicum Historicum,
sorted
account
Norfolk, where was anciently “an image the Virgin Mary, famous over Europe for the “numerous pilgrimages made and the great riches pos
“sessed. Erasmus has given very exact and humorous descrip
“tion the superstitions practised there his time. See his Ac
“count the VIRGo PARATH ALAssi his Colloquy, intitled, “PEREGRIN AT10 Religion ERGo. He tells the rich offer “ings silver, gold, and precious stones, that were there shewn “him, were incredible; there being scarce person any note “in England, but what some time other paid visit, sent “present,
our LADY WALsix HAM. At the dissolution “the monasteries, 1538, this splendid image, with another from
“Ipswich, was carried Chelsea, and there burnt the pre “sence commissioners. ” See Percy’s Reliques Ancient Poetry
vol. II. 79. Robert Longland,
“Hermets
“Wenten
“Great loubies and longe, loth were swinke, “Clothed him copes knowen from other, “And shopen hem her mets; her ease have. ”
says,
Pier's Plowman's Visions, 1550, heape, wyth hoked staves,
Walsingham, and her wenches after.
See also Weever's Funeral Monuments, 131,
rood] Hearne, his Glossary Peter Langtoft, 544. under
the word cross observes, that although the cross and the rood are commonly taken for the same, yet the rood properly signified formerly the image Christ the cross, represent both the cross and the figure our blessed Saviour suffered upon
The roods that were churches and chapels were placed shrines, that were styled Rood-lofts, Rood-loft (saith Blount) “shrine, whereon was placed the cross Christ. The rood was an “image Christ the cross, made generally wood, and
erected loft for that purpose, just over the passage out the “church into the chancel. ” But rood-loft sometimes also signifies
shrine, which was placed the image relicks cause generally crucifix, cross, used likewise
saint, be attend such
image
Dagnam] Dagenham,
relicks.
Foes.
*
or
a“it. *
*it.
i. a e.
in
to on
a in
in
in
Is of it aonto atoat
-
or
inof
in ;
to of on fix
on
in of a
to
p. by of of
to
of or
A, in in
In
toof of a
p.
p.
1. in of
on
of
of
a in
or ofa
it
by
p. of
in ofof
to
in “tobeyt Gor it,of
asas heto
to to
a
all
&
so
a
of us
p.
58 THE Four P's.
At saynt Cornelys *; at saynt James in Gales”: And at saynt Wynefryde's well” in Walles;
At our lady of Boston”; at saynt Edmund's byryes;
** saynt Cornelys] Saint Cornelys, according to the Legenda Aurea, succeeded Fabyan in the papacy, and was beheaded in the reign of Decian, for refusing to sacrifice in the Temple of Mars. There was a fraternity in his honour at Westminster. See their pardon, Brit. Top. I. 772.
*3 saynt James in Gales] Weever in his Funeral Monuments, p. 17. 2. observes that “ —the Italians, yea those that dwell neare “Rome, will mocke and scoffe at our English (and other) pil “grims that go to Rome to see the Pope's holinesse, and
Peter's chaire, and yet they themselves will runne see the re liques Saint Iames Compostella the kingdom Galicia,
“Spaine, which above twelve hundred English miles. ” See also Dr. Geddes's Tracts.
saynt Wynefryde's well] Saint Wenefrede's well, near Holy
well, the county steep hill out
well, covered with quisitely carved
Flint, spring which rises the foot rock, and formed into beautiful polygonal rich arch supported pillars; the roof ex stone; over the fountain, the legend St. pendent projection, with the arms England the fine ribs secure the arch, whose intersections are
Wenefrede
bottom. Numbers
coupled with some sculpture. To this place the resort pilgrims was formerly very great; and, though considerably diminished,
there are still seen the summer few the water
deep devotion their chins for hours, sending their prayers, performing number evolutions round the polygonal well;
threading the arch between well and well prescribed number times. The legend St. Wenefrede well known. Those who desire more information this subject; may referred The Legenda Aurea, Bishop Fleetwood's Works; Mr. Pennant's Tour
into Wales, 28.
our Lady Boston] Botolph's town, Lincolnshire,
where St. Botolph was buried.
“Delicious Wytham leads holy Botolph's town. ”
Poly Olbion, Song xxv.
saynt Edmund's byry] —is named Kinge Edmunde, “whom the comon Chronicles call St. Edmund, Edmund the “Martyr; for Bury, but say court palace. was first
“a colledge priestes, founded Athelstane the kinge “Ingland, the honour and memorye Edmund that was slayne “at Hoxton (then called Eylesdund [or Eglesdon], Leland “thinketh,) whose bones removed thyther. The hole hystorie
this matter enterlaced with miracles, that Polydor him “selfe (who beleaved them better than began dalye with
“sayinge, that Monkes were muche delighted with them. ” Lam barde's Dictionarium, 35.
z p.
so
is
of of
of
-
it;
of
oforor
of
“ **, a ““
of
24
he
a
of
or
or
upin
by a
It as
of in
at at of
of to
in St.
At
At
in
of
p.
is of be of
to
of
to
to
on a
to
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to by
is
in
I)
to or in of
of
be
on
of
to
a up
a a
of inaa in
is
THE FouR P's. 59
And streyght to saynt Patryke's purgatory”; At Ridybone", and at the blood of Hayles”,
*1 Saunt Patryke's purgatory] This place, which was much fre quented by pilgrims, was situate on a lake called Logh Derg, in
the Southern part of the county of Donegall, near the borders of Tyrone and Fermanagh. It was surrounded with wild and barren
mountains, and was almost inaccessible by horsemen even in sum mer time, on account of great bogs, rocks, and precipices, which
environed The popular tradition concerning ridiculous
found After continuing
any Legend the Romish Martyrology. great credit many years, began decline;
Henry the Seventh was demolished with great
and the 13th
solemnity, St. Patrick's-day, the Pope's express order. however, afterwards came into reputation again, insomuch that,
order the Privy Council, dated 13th September, 1682, was second time destroyed.
From this period, pilgrimages
third time restored original state, and any former period. this condition
1545, describes
taken fire, reason
Melvil’s Memoirs, mentioned
edit. 1683. Erasmus's Praise
Folie, 1549, Sign.
fashion, will appear extraordinary that the place
grew less
should
visited
until the second year Queen Anne, when act
Parliament declared, that meetings und assemblies there should
adjudged riots and unlawful assemblies, and inflicted penalty
upon every person meeting assembling contrary
The ceremonies performed the pilgrims are very exactly
set forth Richardson's Great Folly, Superstition, and Idolatry, Pilgrimages Ireland, especially that Patrick's Purgatory Dublin, 8vo. 1727.
Enough hath been already said the subject Saint Patrick's Purgatory, shall therefore only add, that often mentioned Froissard's Chronicle, and that Sir James Melvil who visited
looking “like old coal-pit, which had the smoke that came out the hole. ”
“Whereas before satte heavie and glommyng, had “come lately from Troponius cave, Saint Pattricke's purgatorie. ”
“from Paganisme, whose reliques such was the regard that the “abbottes the monasterie Alban had, that they should “devoutly preserved, that decree was made Thomas then
Redburne within three miles St. Alban's.
Ridybone. . ]
“At this place, says Norden, were founde the reliques Amphi “ball, who saide be the instructour and convertour Alban
abbott, that pryor and three munckes should appointed “this holie function, whose allowance those dayes amounted
“yearely pound, upwardes,
“pound this age. ” Description Hartfordshire,
three hundred
-
22.
See also Weever's Funeral Monuments, 585. Dr. Middleton,
his Letter from Rome, says, Bishop Usher has proved that this
much
much continued
the Irish
the Statute.
2
asin p.
an to of it St.
in “ *It“ is
be
an as
into
20 a of is
I
in
of
on beit.
as p.
be by
of
an it
to be
i.
of e. yeinp. as
to be
of it
of in
in
to
by it
in
9. of
of or on Inits of
or
a
all
or of by
all
of
to
by
is
of
it
of of
as of to
to it as ofofif aas
ye
A. inin of
it
it byIt,
as be ina in
a inis to
as is
60 THE Fou R P's.
Where pilgrymes paynes ryght much avayles; At saynt Davys and saynt Denis";
saint never existed, and that we owe the honour his saintship
Amphibolus blood
†.
founded
mistaken passage
the Legend nothing
St. Alban, where the
cloak. ”
Hayles. ] The abbey Hailes, Gloucestershire, was Richard, king the Romans, brother Henry the Third. This precious relick, which was commonly called the blood
there mentioned
more than
Edmund, who bestowed third part upon his father's abbey Hailes,
Hailes, was brought out Germany
son
and some time after gave the other two parts own foundation Ashrug, near Berkhamstead.
and believed have this property, that,
abbey his was given out,
man was mortal sin, and not absolved, could not see it; otherwise, might
see very well: therefore every man that came see this mira cle, this most precious blood, confessed himself first one the priests there; and then, offering something the altar, was di rected chapel, where the miracle was shewed; the priest who confessed him, the mean time retiring the back part the said chapel, and putting forth little cabinet, vessel crystal; which being thick the one side, that nothing could seen through it; but the other side, thin and transparent, they used diversely, their interest required. On the dissolution the abbey, was discovered nothing more than honey clarified and coloured with saffron, “an unctowse gumme coloured, which
the glasse apperyd glisterynge red resemblyng partlie the color blood, and owte the glasse apparaunte glystering
yelow colour like ambre basse gold,” Certificate visitors, printed end Hearne's Benedictus Abbas II. 751.
Saynt Davys] Saint David. Drayton, his Poly Olbion,
Song xxiv. says,
“Whose Cambro Britons their saints
“T” advance the Christian faith, effectually that wrought; “Their David (one deriv'd th’ royal British blood), “Who against Pelagius' false and damn'd opinions stood; “And turn’d Menenia's name David's sacred see,
“The patron
See an account
Prasulibus Anglia,
some accounts, the year 546, according 542. His shrine, am informed remains dral Pembrokeshire.
saynt Denis. ] Denis, the patron
others, the year the wall his cathe
the Welsh deserving well be. ”
him an extract from Bale, Godwin
573. edit, 1743. He said have been bishop years, and have lived 146. He died, according
France, said have been the disciple St. Paul, and the first who preached the gospel
the French. The Legend concerning him affirms, that, after was beheaded near Paris, he walked four miles with his head
his hands. His body was said intombed very magnificently the abbey St. Denis, which the pilgrims used resort.
duly brought,
at to
in
* it *a
of
to be
be to or a be
ofof of is of
at
to
to
to
of so
inhe
to de
*I
in
of to of a by
65
ofIin of intoa
St.
p. ofof in
e.
on
39,
ofin
to ifby of
is to
to Itan
a of to
-
be
of of of of
to
to
tois ofin toin
at a
to in or to
in
to
as
it to as
at
i. on at
of
he
of a it
in
of of heinof
61
* Saynt Mark in Venis] At the Church of St. Mark, in Venice, they pretend to have the body of that Evangelist, which was
brought thither by certain merchants from Alexandria in Egypt in the year 810. Coryat says, that the treasure of this church was of that inestimable value, that it was thought no treasure whatsoever
in any other place in Christendom might compare with neither that St. Denis France, nor St. Peter's Rome, nor that
THE Four P's.
At saynt Mathew, and saynt Mark in Venis”;
At mayster Johan shorne at Canterbury 23;
The graet God of Katewade”, at kynge Henry. ” At saynt Savyour's"; at our lady of Southwell 37;
Madonna Loretto Italy, nor that Toledo Spain, nor any other. See Coryat's Crudities, 214; and The Commonwealth and Government Venice, Contareno, translated Lewes Lewknor, Esq. 1599,
175.
mayster Johan shorne Canterbury;] Who this John Shorne
was can give account. the Preface The Accedence Armorie, 4to. 1597, story told one who had been called worship city, within Middlesex, and who being desired
herald shew his coat (i. e. arms,) “called unto his mayd, “commanding her fetch his coat, which, being brought, was
“cloth garded with burgunian gard bare velvet, well bawde
“fied the halfe placard, and squallotted
the fore quarters.
“Lo, quoth the man
“ye shall have time “the rest and by.
the heraught, here
payment, first
And with much boste said,
will buy hand, and
ware not
the same since he came last from Sir John Shorne, &c. ” Katewade] Catwade-bridge Sampford hundred, the
county Suffolk, where there may have been famous chapel and rood. G.
Henry] Herry, edit. 1569.
Saynt Savyour's] “In September, the same yeare (says
“Weever, 111. ), viz. an. 30 Hen. VIII. the special motion “of great Cromwell, all the notable images, unto the which were “made any especiall pilgrimages and offerings, the images “our Lady Walsingham, Ipswich, Worcester, the Lady Wilso “don, the rood grace our Lady Boxley, and the image
“the rood Saint Saviour Bermondsey, with all the rest, were “brought London, and burnt Chelsey, the command
“ment the foresaid Cromwell, all the jewels, and other rich “offerings, these, and the shrines (which were likewise “taken away, beaten pieces) other saints throughout both “England and Wales were brought into the king's treasure. ”
our lady Southwell] The church dedicated Saint Mary Southwel, Nottinghamshire.
pay halfe
* -
it, ofatoof
of
at* at
** *“ Ias
to
in ye
of in by
to
upof
of p.
in or to of of
no in
to to
of at
is in
of In p.
of of byap. ofde
of ontoin
is
as
ofat inof of
all
of
he
of to
atoa in by
of
of to in
of
by a itin to by he is,
in
it,
atas if
62 THE Fou R P's.
At Crome *, at Wylsdome”, and at Muswel”; At saynt Rycharde and saynt Roke *;
Crome. the County Kent, near Greenwich.
Wylsdome]. Finsbury hundred, Middlesex, the chapel dicated Mary. See above, Note 86.
Muswel) Muswell-hill, called also Pinsenall-hill there “was chapple sometime bearing the name our ladie Mus
“well: where now Alderman Roe hath erected
the place taketh name the well and “hill; for there the hill spring now within the compass the house.
proper house, the hill, Mousewell
faire water, which There was sometime
“image the ladie Muswell, whereunto was continuall “sort, the way pylgrimage, growing (though take
“it fabulouslie) reported regard great cure which was per “formed this water, upon king Scots, who being strangely “diseased, was, some devine intelligence, advised take the “water well England, called Muswell, which after long “scrutation and inquisition, this well was found and performed
the cure. ” Norden's Speculum Britanniae, 36. edit. 1728. am informed, that the mosaic pavement and other ruins this well and chapel were seen about years ago.
saynte Rycharde] This was probably Richard Fitznige, bishop
London, and treasurer England, the time Henry the Second. His shrine was, Weever observes, 714. St. Paul's Church; and contributed largely the building church, conjectures
have been erected there that account. Drayton, however, his Poly Olbion, Song xxiv. speaks
of others that name, as
“Richard, the dear son Lothar king Kent, “When his happy days religiously had spent; “And feeling the approach his declining age,
holy pilgrimage; “Into thy country come, Lucca left his life,
“Desirous see Rome
“Whose miracles there done, yet this day are rife. ” Again, -
“So countries more remote with ours we did acquaint, “. . . As Richard for the fame his holiness had won,
“And for the wondrous things that through his prayers were done; From this his native home into Calabria call’d,
“And St. Andrew's there the bishop was install'd
“For whom she hath profess'd much reverence Again,
So other southern sees, here either less more, Have likewise had their saints—— -
this land. ”
“.
“Saint Richard, and with him St. Gilbert, which “Inroll'd amongst the rest this our mitred band. ”
we have of Chichester
stand Saynt Roke] Saint Roke, Roch, was born Montpelier,
42 “*“.
of of
of“ ““
*" * a at
** to
or
atin toin
or at
to 25
to aa
in -
I
rean is
de
do
of
in of
;
to
aIs
of to
in
of of a
he its of inof a by
St. heas byis“In
In
to he in of
of on
it asof to in a
41, of tobeofof
on of the
of
of :
as of of
p. p. is of
a
at
of
THEFouR P’s. 63
And at our lady that standeth in the oke. ” To these, with other many one,
Devoutly have I prayed and gone,
Prayeing to them, to pray for me
Unto the blessed trynytye,
By whose prayers and my dayly payne, I truste the soner to obtain 49
For my salvacyon, grace and mercy. For be ye sure I thynke surely,”
Who seketh sayntes for Chryste's sake, And namely suche as payme do take On fote, to punysh their "frail body, Shall therby meryte more hyely
Then by any thynge done by man.
Pardoner. ” And when ye have gone as far as ye” Can,
For your labour and gostely entente,
Ye” will come home wyse wente. Palmer. Why, syr, dyspyse pylgrymage
Pardoner. Nay, fore” god, syr, then dyd rage; thynke ryght well occupyed,
seke these sayntes every syde. Also your payne” nat dyspraise
But yet
And you
discomende your wit: we even shall ye,
thys wyl answere me.
France; and died prison Anglerye, the province Lom bardy, where large church was built honour him. See
Legenda Aurea,
238. World Wonders, 816.
obtain] obtaye, 1st edit. surely] assuredly edit. their] thy, 1st edit.
Pardoner] “Pardoners were certain fellows that carried
“about the Pope's Indulgences, and sold them such would “buy them; against whom Luther, Sleydan's report, incensed
the people Germany his time, exhorting them “viles tanti emerent. ” Cowel.
ye] you, edit. 1569.
Ye will come home] Yet welcome, 1st edit.
fore] for, lst edit. payne] paynes, or] ere, edit. 1569.
merces tam
edit.
49 **7
of
or in * I
all
in *
at so on as O.
“
* * * *
If
To I
2d
- ne 2d
of I2 of
4 G. by
yeas ye
to
as
of
ye go
p. a
in
in in
it;
I
64 THE Fou R P's.
I pray you shew what the cause is
Ye wente these pylgrymages?
Palmer. Forsoth, this lyfe dyd begyn
To rydde the bondage my syn:
For whiche these sayntes rehersed have both sought and sene, wys;
Besechynge them bear recorde Of my payne, unto the lord, That gyveth remyssion,
Upon eche man's contricyon
this:
trust have
For my soule helthe the better spede.
Pardoner. Nowe your owne confessyon lykely To make yourselfe’s fole quyckely.
For perceyve wolde obtayn
No other “thynge for your payne,
thyr good mediacion, Upon myne humble submyssion,
And
very dede,
But onely grace your soule save
Now marke this what wyt
have. To seke farre, and helpe nye;
Even here home remedy:
For your dore myselfe doth dwell,
Who coulde have saved your soule
As your wyde wandrynge shall do,
well;
Palmer.
wente thryes Jericho, myght have spedde
Though Nowe syns What have
this true that Then my wyt dede reproved.
home,
Rome have moved,
wone ronnying
But here fyrste what are
Pardoner. Truly am pardoner.
Palmer. Truly pardoner! that may true;
But true pardoner doth nat ensew.
myne) my, edit. 1569. other] nother, 1st edit.
yourselfel you, edit. 1569.
ronnying] running, 1st edit. - - This mistake, the first edition reading ronnying, which
the old spelling running. Another error was committed, printing hitherto “running Rome” the correct reading being
‘ronnying Rome. ”
***II
I
of in yein
all
is no a letis atit a us
all at ye
to
by
If yeye
at
in
all
aI be is
C. by a
is
to
to a to all
so ye soyeto : I
of
I
in is -
-
be
:ye* : at at as
or
2
so
*
all
THE Fou R P's.
65
Ryght selde is it sene, or never,
That treuth and pardoners dwell together, For be your pardons never so great,
Yet them to enlarge ye wyll nat let,
With suche lyes, that ofttymes Cryste wot,
Ye seme to have that ye have nat.
Wherfore I went my selfe to the selfe thynge In every place, and without faynynge:
Had as much pardon there assuredly,
As ye can promyse me here doutefully. Howe be thynke but scoffe:
But And
hadde the pardon speak” whyt pardon graunted
any place, where have haunted: Yet my labour nothynge repent;
God hathe respect how eche tyme spent. And his knowlege all regarded
his goodnes rewarded.
Pardoner. By the fyrste parte this last tale,
seemeth came late from the ale.
For reason your syde farre doth fayle, That leve reasoning,” and begyn rayle. Wherin you forget your owne part clerely
For you” untrue
And one poynteye are beyonde me,
For you's may lye
And all that have
That man can
aucthoryte,farre, wandred
theyr controller.
And where you" esteme your labour
muche;
say yet agayne my pardons are suche,
hepe, wold brynge them heven, good chepe,
That there were thousand soules
scoffe] scofte, 1st edit. speak] kepe, 1st edit. the] this, edit. 1569.
came late] you come late, 1st edit.
reasoning] sonyng, 1st edit.
you] ye, 1st edit. have] hath, 1st edit.
are] be, 1st edit. wold brynge them
you] ye, 1st edit. you] ye, 1st edit. you] ye, 1st edit.
-
good chepel. Cheap, Dr.
heven,
Johnson observes, market, and good cheap therefore bou marche.
vo L.
to
ye in
ye it,
is
I
all as is ye
F is
as
of,
*7 6* ****** I ye
*I
I
yf no in
ItSo In
byas of noyf
all to
a
by
of * all
as
***
*7 *so
ye
of
beol onye as
of I all
be 64
to I: so* is
I
as on
of
so to : *
a
is
do
66
THE Four P's.
As ye have brought yourselfe on pylgrymage, In the least" quarter of your vyage,
Which is o far a this side heaven, by god: There your labour and pardon is od.
With smale cost and without any payne, These pardons bring” them to heven playne,
Geve me but a peny or two pens,
And assone as the soule departeth hens,
In halfe an houre, or thre quarters at the moste, The soule is in heven ; with the holy ghost.
Poticary. Sendeye any souls to heaven by water?
Pardoner. If we doo,” sir, what is the mater?
Poticary. By god, I have a drye soule shulde thyther;
I praye you let our soules go to heven togyther, - So bysy you twayne be in soules helth;
May nat a potycary come in-by stelth? Yes, that I wyl saynt Antony,
And
Prove parte
Thou,
thys company.
false knaves bothe, gre” goo,
your sayenges, thys,
thy travayle, thynkest heaven
the leve
pardons and reliques countest To sende thyne owne soule heaven sure; And other whome thou lyste procure.
