What is this,
I opposed to My persecutors that, which I have from the hair-cloth.
I opposed to My persecutors that, which I have from the hair-cloth.
Augustine - Exposition on the Psalms - v1
Christ then is the Foundation.
As I said, our Head hath been dedicated, the Head is Itself the Foundation.
But a foundation is usually below, and a head above.
May you, holy brethren, understand my words : peradventure I
shall explain this in the Name of Christ. Weights are of two kinds. For a weight is a certain force in any substance, struggling as it were to gain its proper place : this is a weight. You carry a stone in your hand, you bear the pressure of its weight, it presses down your hand, because it seeks its proper place. And would you know what it seeks? Withdraw your hand, it comes to the ground, it rests on the earth, it has arrived where it tended, it has found its proper
That weight, therefore, was, as it were, spontaneous motion, without life, without sensation. There are other things, which seek their place upwards. For if you pour water upon oil, by its own weight it goes to the bottom.
Q.
place.
226 The Church, tending upward, hath herfoundation above.
Psalm For it seeks its proper place, it seeks to be duly ordered ; for Exp. ll. water aoove oil is out of its order. Until it arrives then at its proper order, there is a restless motion, till it occupies its
On the other hand, let out oil under water ; as, for instance, if a vessel of oil fall into water, into the deep, into the sea, and be broken, the oil does not rest
below. As the water poured upon oil, by its weight towards the bottom seeks its proper place ; so oil poured out under water by its weight seeks its proper place towards the top. If then this be so, brethren, whither does fire and water tend ? Fire is borne upwards, it seeks its proper place ; and water seeks its proper place by its own weight. Stone seeks the bottom, and the wood, and the pillars, and the earth, wherewith these houses are built : they are then of that kind of substances, which, by their own weight, are borne down wards. It is clear then, that they receive their foundation down below, because they are by their own weight borne downwards ; and except there is something to sustain the whole falls, because the whole tends towards the earth. With things then that have downward tendency, the foundation laid below but the Church of God which laid below tendeth towards heaven. Our foundation there fore hath been laid there, even our Lord Jesus Christ sitting at the right Hand of the Father. If then ye have understood, holy brethren, how that our Foundation hath been already dedicated, let us shortly listen to, and run through, the Psalm.
11. will exalt Thee, Lord, for Thou hast taken Me up, and hast not made Mine enemies to rejoice over Me. What enemies The Jews In the dedication of the foundation let us understand the very dedication of the future house: for what now said in the person of the Foundation, will then be said in the person of the whole house. What enemies then The Jews, or the devil and his angels rather, who retired in confusion after the Lord's resurrection The prince of death grieved at the victory over death And Thou hast not made Mine enemies to rejoice over Me because could not be kept in hell.
12. Ver. 2. Lord, My God, have cried unto Thee, and Thou hast healed Me. The Lord prayed in the mount
proper place.
; O:?
I I
is ?
:
? is
O ?
/
a
it, is
Man healed by Christ's Wounding. Life in God's will. 227 before His Passion, He healed Him. Healed Whom ? Him, V">>-
B ft
will then be ours to declare, the exaltation now is Christ's. ? ! ? 18. Ver. 3. O Lord, Thou hast brought back My Soulu
from hell. This needs no explanation. Thou hast saved Me from them that go down into the pit. Who are they that go down into the pit ? All sinners who sink into the deep. For the pit is the depth of this world. What is this depth of the world ? The abounding of wantonness, and wickedness. They then who immerse themselves in lusts, and earthly desires, go down into the pit. Such persecuted Christ. But what doth He say ? Thou hast saved Me from them that go down into the pit.
14. Ver. 4. Sing to the Lord, O ye saints of His. Since your Head hath risen, all ye other members hope for that, which ye see in the Head : all ye other members hope for that, which ye have believed in the Head. It is a true and ancient proverb, Where the head is, there are the other members. Christ hath ascended into heaven, whither we are about to follow. He hath not remained in hell, He hath risen again, He dieth no more: when we too shall have risen again, we shall die no more. Having then these promises, Sing to the Lord, O ye saints of His; and make confession of the remembrance of His holiness. What is, Make confession of the remembrance? For ye had forgotten Him, but He hath not forgotten you.
15. Ver. 5. For in His indignation is wrath, and life in Gen' 2.
Who was never sick, the Word God, the Word the Divinity?
No, but He bore the death of flesh, He bore thy wound,
being about to heal thee of thy wound. And the flesh was healed. When ? When He rose again. Listen to the Apostle, see the true healing: Death, saith he, hath been swallowed up in Victory. O death, where is thy sting ? l Cor. O death, where is thy struggle ? Therefore that exaltation 05. ' '<<.
In the day that ye shall eat, ye shall surely die. They touched, they died, having been dismissed from Paradise, for in His indignation is wrath : but not without hope, for there is life in His will. What is in His will ? Not in our strength, not
in our merits : but because He willed He hath saved us not because we were worthy. For of what the sinner
Q2
His will. Wrath in indignation against the sinner :
it, is
;
228 God's light rising and setting. Three days of the world.
Psalm worthy, but of punishment ? He hath given life. And if He ExpIf hath given life to the ungodly, what doth He reserve for the
faithful ?
16. In the evening weeping will tarry. Fear not, for that
he had said to us, Sing'; and here is groaning: in singing exultation, in prayer groaning. Groan for things present, sing for things to come ; pray for what is here, sing for what is hoped. In the evening weeping will tarry. What is, In the evening weeping will tarry? It is evening, when the sun
sets. The sun hath set on man, that is, That Light of
Righteousness, the presence of God. Hence when Adam Gen. 3, was expelled, what is said in the book of Genesis ? When God walked in Paradise, He walked in the evening. The sinner had now hid himself in the wood, he was unwilling to see the Face of God, at Which he had been wont to rejoice. The Sun of Righteousness had set on him, he did not rejoice at the presence of God. Thence began all this mortal life. In the evening weeping will tarry. Ye will long be in
weeping, race of man ; for ye will be born of Adam: and so ithascome topass: wetooareofAdam,andasmanyas have begotten children, and shall beget them, are of Adam, of whom they too themselves were born. In the evening weeping will tarry; and exultation in the morning. When That Light shall have begun to rise on the faithful, which had set on sinners. For therefore too did the Lord Jesus Christ rise from the tomb in the morning, that what He hath dedicated in the foundation, the same He might promise to
the house. In our Lord it was evening, when He was buried ; and morning when He rose again on the third day : thou too wast buried in the evening in Paradise, and hast risen again on the third day. How on the third day ? thou consider the course of the world, there is one day before the Law, another under the Law, a third under grace.
What on that third day thy Head shewed, the same is on the third day of the world shewn in thee. When ? In the morning we must hope, we must rejoice ; but now we must endure, and groan. I
17. Ver. 6. But
moved/or ever. In what abundance, hath man said, I shall
said in my abundance,
? Oxf. Mm. add ' both here is exultation. '
shall not be
I
If
God withdrew from man's pride, returns to him humbled. 229
not be moved for ever? We understand, Brethren, the Vek. character of man in his humiliation. Who hath abundance ft, O-- here? Not one. What is man's abundance? Care, calamity.
But the rich have abundance ? The more they have, the
more they want: they are wasted by longings, torn by desires, racked by fears, waste away with sorrow : where is their abundance? There was abundance, when man was settled in Paradise, when nothing was wanting to him, when
he enjoyed God; but he said,
shall not be moved
I Ishall not be moved
How did he say,
heard with satisfaction the words, Eat, and ye shall be as Gen. 3,
gods : whereas God said, In the day that ye eat thereof, ye ^ 2 17.
Inib. 3,4.
18. But since the Lord had said truly, that He would take away from the proud, what He had given to the humble, when He created him ; the Psalmist proceeds, and says, (ver. 7. ) O Lord, in Thy will Thou hast afforded strength unto my beauty: that is, since I was not good and strong of myself, but was both fair and strong of Thee, to my beauty Tbou hadst afforded strength, of Thine own will, wherewith Thou hadst made me. And that Thou mightest shew me, that I was thisIfrom Thy will, Tliou lurnedst away Thy Face from
shall surely die; and the devil, Ye shall not surely die. believing then him who thus persuaded him, he said, /shall not be moved for ever.
for for
ever. ever ? When he
became troubled. He turned away then His Face from him, whom He sent forth out of Paradise. Placed now
me, and
here, let him cry out and say, To Thee, O Lord, will I
cry, pray. In Paradise thou didst not cry out, but didst praise ; thou didst not weep, but didst rejoice : having been put without, weep now, and cry. He draweth
and to my God will I
nigh to him troubled, Who deserted him when proud. For God James
resisteth the proud, but giveth grace to the humble.
Foundation HIimself. (Ver. 9. ) What profit is there in My
down to corruption ? What then doth He pray for ? That He may rise again. For if I shall go down, saith He, to corruption, if My Flesh shall be so corrupted, as other men's, so as to rise at the last, to what purpose have I shed My Blood ? For if I rise not now, 1 shall shew forth
'
To Thee, 0 Lord, will I
19. What follows now is in the Person of the Lord, of our
blood, whilst
go
(Ver. 8. ) cry, and unto my God will Ipray.
230 Christ, clothed in sackcloth ofmortality, did away sin.
Psalm to none, I shall gain none: but that I may shew forth to any Exp. lf. Thy marvels, Thy praises, life eternal, let My Flesh rise again, let It not go into corruption. For if It shall go so, as other men's, what profit is there in My Blood ? Shall dust
confess unto Thee, or shew forth Thy truth? Confession is twofold, either of sin, or of praise. When it is ill with us, let us in tribulation confess our sins ; when it is well with us, let us in the exultation of righteousness confess praise unto God : but without confession let us never be.
20. Ver. 10. The Lord hath heard, and had mercy on Me. How? Remember the dedication of the house. He hath heard, and had mercy. The Lord hath become My Helper.
21. Listen now to the resurrection itself! (Ver. 11. ) Thou hast turned My mourning into joy to Me, Thou hast rent off My sackcloth, and girded Me with gladness. What is sackcloth ? Mortality. Sackcloth is made of goats and kids,
Mat. 25,and goats and kids are set among sinners. The Lord took 'namerofrom our condition1 the sackcloth only, He assumed not
that of which sackcloth is the desert. That of which sack cloth is the desert, is sin : the sackcloth is mortality. For thee He assumed mortality, Who had no desert of death. For he hath desert of death, who sins ; but He Who sinned not, deserved not the sackcloth. In another place He Him- self saith, But when they troIubled Me, I clothed Myself with
hair-cloth.
What is this,
I opposed to My persecutors that, which I have from the hair-cloth. That they might think Him a man, He hid Himself from the eyes of the persecutors, because the perse- cutors were not worthy to see Him, clothed* with hair-
' but as cloth. Therefore, Thou hast put off My sackcloth, and
Ps. 35,
2Ben.
clothed Myself with hair-cloth?
clothed. '
girded Me with gladness.
I 22. Ver. 12. That My glory should sing unto Thee, and
should not be As it is in the Head, so in the pricked.
body. What should not be pricked? should die no more. For He was pricked, when He hung on the Cross, He was smitten with spear. Our Head therefore saith, that should not be pricked, should die no more. But we, what do we say because of the dedication of the house That our conscience should not prick us with the goads of our sins. For all will be remitted, and we shall then be free.
?
I
I
a
is, /
1
His Redeemed, freed from sin, shall confess in praise. 231
That My glory, saith He, should sing to Thee, not My Ver. humiliation. If our's, Christ's too, for we are the body of------ Christ. How? Because although Christ sitteth in heaven,
/
meat. He is both there, and here : there in Himself, here 35.
He will say to some,
was an
hungred,
and
ye gave Me Mat. 28,
in us. What thIen doth He say ? That My glory should sing
to Thee, and
sigheth unto Thee, my glory shall sing to Thee. Now at
should not be humiliation pricked. My
I will
the end: O Lord, my God,
What is, / will confess unto Thee for ever? I will praise Thee for ever, for we have said that there is a confession in praises also, and not only in sins. Confess then now what thou hast done against God, and thou shalt confess what God shall have done to thee. What hast thou done ? Sins. What hath God done? On confessing thine iniquity He remitteth thy sins, that afterwards confessing unto Him His praises for ever thou shouldest not be pricked with sin.
To the end, a Psalm of David himself, an ecstasy.
1. To the end a Psalm of David Himself, the Mediator strong of hand in persecutions. For the word ecstasy, which is added to the title, signifies a transport of the mind, which is produced either by a panic, or by some revelation. But in this Psalm the panic of the people of God troubled by the persecution of all the heathen, and by the failing of faith throughout the world, is principally seen. But first the Mediator Himself speaks : then the People redeemed by His Blood gives thanks : at last in trouble it speaks at length, which is what belongs to the ecstasy; but the Person of the Prophet himself is twice interposed, near the end, and at the end. I
2. Ver. 1. In Thee, O Lord, have
trusted, let Me not be
confess
unto Thee
for ever.
PSALM XXXI.
FIRST EXPOSITION.
Lat. XXX.
232 Christ asks immediate Resurrection. Release from fear.
Psalm put to confusion for ever. In Thee, O Lord, have I trusted, Exp. I. let Me never be confounded, whilst they shall insult Me as -- one like other men. In Thy righteousness rescue Me, and deliver Me. And in Thy righteousness rescue Me from the
pit of death, and deliver Me out of their company.
3. Ver. 2. Bend down Thine ear unto Me. Hear Me in My humiliation, nigh at hand unto Me. Make haste to deliver Me. Defer not to the end of the world, as with all who believe on Me, My separation from sinners. Be unto
Me a God Who protecteth Me. Be unto Me God, and Protector. And a house of refuge, that Thou mayest save Me. And as a house, wherein taking refuge I may be saved.
4. Ver. 3. For Thou art My strength, and My refuge. For Thou art unto Me My strength to bear My persecutors, and My refuge to escape them. And for Thy Name's sake
Thou shalt be My guide, and shalt nourish Me. And that by Me Thou mayest be known to all the Gentiles, I will in all things follow Thy will ; and, by assembling, by degrees, Saints unto Me, Thou shalt fulfil My body, and My perfect stature.
5. Ver. 4. Thou shalt bring Me out of this trap, which they have hidden for Me. Thou shalt bring Me out of these snares, which they have hidden for Me. For Thou art My
6. Ver. 5. Into Thy hands
Protector. IcommendMy Spirit. To
Thy power I commend My Spirit, soon to receive It back. Thou hast redeemed Me, O Lord God of truth. Let the people too, redeemed by the Passion of their Lord, and joyful in the glorifying of their Head, say, Thou hast redeemed me,
O Lord God of truth.
7. Ver. 6. Thou hatesl them that hold to vanity uselessly.
Thou hatest tIhem that hold to the false happiness of the world. But have trusted in the Lord.
/ will be glad, and in rejoice
8. Ver. 7.
Rom. 8, which doth not deceive me. For 77iou hast regarded My
humiliation: whereiti Thou hast subjected me to vanity in hope. Thou hast saved my soul from necessities. Thou hast saved my soul from the necessities of fear, that with a free love it may serve Thee.
Thy mercy:
The Church brought low in persecutions, yet delivered. 233
9. Ver. 8. And hast not shut me up into the hands of the Ver. enemy. And hast not shut me up, that I should have no ----- opening for recovering unto liberty, and be given over for ever
into the power of the devil, ensnaring me with the desire of
this life, and terrifying me with death. Thou hast set my feet in a large room. The resurrection of my Lord being known, and mine own being promised me, my love, having
been brought out of the straits of fear, walks abroad in con
tinuance, into the expanse of liberty. I 10. Ver. 9. Have mercy on me, O Lord,for
am troubled. But what is this unlooked for cruelty of the persecutors, striking such dread into me ? Have mercy on me, O Lord. For I am now no more alarmed for death, but for torments and tortures. Mine eye hath been disordered by anger.
1 had mine eye upon Thee, that Thou shouldest not abandon me : Thou art angry, and hast disordered it. My soul, and my belly. By the same anger my soul hath been disturbed, and my memory, whereby I retained what my God hath suffered for me, and what He hath promised me.
11. Ver. 10. For my life hath failed in pain. For my life is to confess Thee, but it failed in pain, when the enemy had said, Let them be tortured until they deny Him. And my years in groanings. The time that I pass in this world is not taken away from me by death, but abides, and is spent
. in groanings. My strength hath been weakened by want. 1 want the health of this body, and racking pains come on
I want the dissolution of the body, and death forbears
me :
to come: and in this want my confidence hath been weakened. And my bones have been disturbed. And my stedfastness hath been disturIbed.
have been made a reproach above all mine
12. Ver. 11.
enemies. All the wicked are my enemies ; and nevertheless they for their wickednesses are tortured only till they confess: I then have overpassed their reproach, I, whose confession
death doth not follow, but racking pains follow upon it. And to my neighbours too much. This hath seemed too much to them, who were already drawing near to know Thee, and to hold the faith that I hold. And a fear to mine
And into my very acquaintance I struck fear by the example of my dreadful tribulation. They that did
acquaintance.
234 Cruel devices, and punishment, of persecutors.
Psalm see me, fled without from me. Because they did not under- ExpXl stand my inward and invisible hope, they fled from me into
things outward and visible.
I
the heart. And they have forgotten me, as if I were dead from
14. Ver. 13. For I
dwelling by in a circuit. For I have heard many rebuking me, in the pilgrimage of this world near me, following the circuit of time, and refusing to return with me to the eternal country.
Whilst they were assembling themselves together against me, they conspired that they might take my soul. That my soul, which should by death easily escape from their power, might consent unto them, they imagined a device, whereby they would not suffer me even to die.
Lord;
said, Thou art my God. For Thou hast not changed, that
Thou shouldest not save, Who dost correct.
16. Ver. 15. In Thy hands are my lots. In Thy power
are my lots. For I see no desert, for which out of the universal ungodliness of the human race Thou hast elected me particularly to salvation. And though there be with Thee some just and secret order in my election, yet 1, from
John 19, whom this is hid, have attained by lot unto my Lord's vesture. Deliver me from the hands of mine enemies, and from them that persecute me.
17. Ver. 16. Make Thy Face to shine upon Thy servant. Make it known to men, who do not think that I belong unto Thee, that Thy Face is bent upon me, and that I serve Thee. Save me in Thy mercy. I
18. Ver. 17. O Lord, let me not be confounded, for
called upon Thee. O Lord, let me not be put to shame by those who insult me, for that I have called upon Thee. Let the ungodly be ashamed, and be brought down to hell. Let them rather who call upon stones be ashamed, and made
1 umbristo dwell with darkness1.
tor. 19. Ver. 18. Let the deceitful lips be made dumb. In
13. Ver. 12.
have been forgotten, as one dead
from
/
have become as a lost vessel. I have seemed
their hearts.
to myself to be lost to all the Lord's service, living in this world, and gaining none, when all were afraid to join them selves unto me.
15. Ver. 14. But I
have in TItee, O hoped
I
have
have heard the rebuking
of
many
have
The Church's marvellous deliverance in God. 235
making known to the peoples Thy mysteries wrought in me, Vrr. strike with dumb amazement the lips of them that invent 19~22. falsehood of me. Which speak iniquity against the Righteous,
in pride and contempt. Which speak iniquity against Christ,
in their pride and contempt of Him as a crucified man.
20.
shall explain this in the Name of Christ. Weights are of two kinds. For a weight is a certain force in any substance, struggling as it were to gain its proper place : this is a weight. You carry a stone in your hand, you bear the pressure of its weight, it presses down your hand, because it seeks its proper place. And would you know what it seeks? Withdraw your hand, it comes to the ground, it rests on the earth, it has arrived where it tended, it has found its proper
That weight, therefore, was, as it were, spontaneous motion, without life, without sensation. There are other things, which seek their place upwards. For if you pour water upon oil, by its own weight it goes to the bottom.
Q.
place.
226 The Church, tending upward, hath herfoundation above.
Psalm For it seeks its proper place, it seeks to be duly ordered ; for Exp. ll. water aoove oil is out of its order. Until it arrives then at its proper order, there is a restless motion, till it occupies its
On the other hand, let out oil under water ; as, for instance, if a vessel of oil fall into water, into the deep, into the sea, and be broken, the oil does not rest
below. As the water poured upon oil, by its weight towards the bottom seeks its proper place ; so oil poured out under water by its weight seeks its proper place towards the top. If then this be so, brethren, whither does fire and water tend ? Fire is borne upwards, it seeks its proper place ; and water seeks its proper place by its own weight. Stone seeks the bottom, and the wood, and the pillars, and the earth, wherewith these houses are built : they are then of that kind of substances, which, by their own weight, are borne down wards. It is clear then, that they receive their foundation down below, because they are by their own weight borne downwards ; and except there is something to sustain the whole falls, because the whole tends towards the earth. With things then that have downward tendency, the foundation laid below but the Church of God which laid below tendeth towards heaven. Our foundation there fore hath been laid there, even our Lord Jesus Christ sitting at the right Hand of the Father. If then ye have understood, holy brethren, how that our Foundation hath been already dedicated, let us shortly listen to, and run through, the Psalm.
11. will exalt Thee, Lord, for Thou hast taken Me up, and hast not made Mine enemies to rejoice over Me. What enemies The Jews In the dedication of the foundation let us understand the very dedication of the future house: for what now said in the person of the Foundation, will then be said in the person of the whole house. What enemies then The Jews, or the devil and his angels rather, who retired in confusion after the Lord's resurrection The prince of death grieved at the victory over death And Thou hast not made Mine enemies to rejoice over Me because could not be kept in hell.
12. Ver. 2. Lord, My God, have cried unto Thee, and Thou hast healed Me. The Lord prayed in the mount
proper place.
; O:?
I I
is ?
:
? is
O ?
/
a
it, is
Man healed by Christ's Wounding. Life in God's will. 227 before His Passion, He healed Him. Healed Whom ? Him, V">>-
B ft
will then be ours to declare, the exaltation now is Christ's. ? ! ? 18. Ver. 3. O Lord, Thou hast brought back My Soulu
from hell. This needs no explanation. Thou hast saved Me from them that go down into the pit. Who are they that go down into the pit ? All sinners who sink into the deep. For the pit is the depth of this world. What is this depth of the world ? The abounding of wantonness, and wickedness. They then who immerse themselves in lusts, and earthly desires, go down into the pit. Such persecuted Christ. But what doth He say ? Thou hast saved Me from them that go down into the pit.
14. Ver. 4. Sing to the Lord, O ye saints of His. Since your Head hath risen, all ye other members hope for that, which ye see in the Head : all ye other members hope for that, which ye have believed in the Head. It is a true and ancient proverb, Where the head is, there are the other members. Christ hath ascended into heaven, whither we are about to follow. He hath not remained in hell, He hath risen again, He dieth no more: when we too shall have risen again, we shall die no more. Having then these promises, Sing to the Lord, O ye saints of His; and make confession of the remembrance of His holiness. What is, Make confession of the remembrance? For ye had forgotten Him, but He hath not forgotten you.
15. Ver. 5. For in His indignation is wrath, and life in Gen' 2.
Who was never sick, the Word God, the Word the Divinity?
No, but He bore the death of flesh, He bore thy wound,
being about to heal thee of thy wound. And the flesh was healed. When ? When He rose again. Listen to the Apostle, see the true healing: Death, saith he, hath been swallowed up in Victory. O death, where is thy sting ? l Cor. O death, where is thy struggle ? Therefore that exaltation 05. ' '<<.
In the day that ye shall eat, ye shall surely die. They touched, they died, having been dismissed from Paradise, for in His indignation is wrath : but not without hope, for there is life in His will. What is in His will ? Not in our strength, not
in our merits : but because He willed He hath saved us not because we were worthy. For of what the sinner
Q2
His will. Wrath in indignation against the sinner :
it, is
;
228 God's light rising and setting. Three days of the world.
Psalm worthy, but of punishment ? He hath given life. And if He ExpIf hath given life to the ungodly, what doth He reserve for the
faithful ?
16. In the evening weeping will tarry. Fear not, for that
he had said to us, Sing'; and here is groaning: in singing exultation, in prayer groaning. Groan for things present, sing for things to come ; pray for what is here, sing for what is hoped. In the evening weeping will tarry. What is, In the evening weeping will tarry? It is evening, when the sun
sets. The sun hath set on man, that is, That Light of
Righteousness, the presence of God. Hence when Adam Gen. 3, was expelled, what is said in the book of Genesis ? When God walked in Paradise, He walked in the evening. The sinner had now hid himself in the wood, he was unwilling to see the Face of God, at Which he had been wont to rejoice. The Sun of Righteousness had set on him, he did not rejoice at the presence of God. Thence began all this mortal life. In the evening weeping will tarry. Ye will long be in
weeping, race of man ; for ye will be born of Adam: and so ithascome topass: wetooareofAdam,andasmanyas have begotten children, and shall beget them, are of Adam, of whom they too themselves were born. In the evening weeping will tarry; and exultation in the morning. When That Light shall have begun to rise on the faithful, which had set on sinners. For therefore too did the Lord Jesus Christ rise from the tomb in the morning, that what He hath dedicated in the foundation, the same He might promise to
the house. In our Lord it was evening, when He was buried ; and morning when He rose again on the third day : thou too wast buried in the evening in Paradise, and hast risen again on the third day. How on the third day ? thou consider the course of the world, there is one day before the Law, another under the Law, a third under grace.
What on that third day thy Head shewed, the same is on the third day of the world shewn in thee. When ? In the morning we must hope, we must rejoice ; but now we must endure, and groan. I
17. Ver. 6. But
moved/or ever. In what abundance, hath man said, I shall
said in my abundance,
? Oxf. Mm. add ' both here is exultation. '
shall not be
I
If
God withdrew from man's pride, returns to him humbled. 229
not be moved for ever? We understand, Brethren, the Vek. character of man in his humiliation. Who hath abundance ft, O-- here? Not one. What is man's abundance? Care, calamity.
But the rich have abundance ? The more they have, the
more they want: they are wasted by longings, torn by desires, racked by fears, waste away with sorrow : where is their abundance? There was abundance, when man was settled in Paradise, when nothing was wanting to him, when
he enjoyed God; but he said,
shall not be moved
I Ishall not be moved
How did he say,
heard with satisfaction the words, Eat, and ye shall be as Gen. 3,
gods : whereas God said, In the day that ye eat thereof, ye ^ 2 17.
Inib. 3,4.
18. But since the Lord had said truly, that He would take away from the proud, what He had given to the humble, when He created him ; the Psalmist proceeds, and says, (ver. 7. ) O Lord, in Thy will Thou hast afforded strength unto my beauty: that is, since I was not good and strong of myself, but was both fair and strong of Thee, to my beauty Tbou hadst afforded strength, of Thine own will, wherewith Thou hadst made me. And that Thou mightest shew me, that I was thisIfrom Thy will, Tliou lurnedst away Thy Face from
shall surely die; and the devil, Ye shall not surely die. believing then him who thus persuaded him, he said, /shall not be moved for ever.
for for
ever. ever ? When he
became troubled. He turned away then His Face from him, whom He sent forth out of Paradise. Placed now
me, and
here, let him cry out and say, To Thee, O Lord, will I
cry, pray. In Paradise thou didst not cry out, but didst praise ; thou didst not weep, but didst rejoice : having been put without, weep now, and cry. He draweth
and to my God will I
nigh to him troubled, Who deserted him when proud. For God James
resisteth the proud, but giveth grace to the humble.
Foundation HIimself. (Ver. 9. ) What profit is there in My
down to corruption ? What then doth He pray for ? That He may rise again. For if I shall go down, saith He, to corruption, if My Flesh shall be so corrupted, as other men's, so as to rise at the last, to what purpose have I shed My Blood ? For if I rise not now, 1 shall shew forth
'
To Thee, 0 Lord, will I
19. What follows now is in the Person of the Lord, of our
blood, whilst
go
(Ver. 8. ) cry, and unto my God will Ipray.
230 Christ, clothed in sackcloth ofmortality, did away sin.
Psalm to none, I shall gain none: but that I may shew forth to any Exp. lf. Thy marvels, Thy praises, life eternal, let My Flesh rise again, let It not go into corruption. For if It shall go so, as other men's, what profit is there in My Blood ? Shall dust
confess unto Thee, or shew forth Thy truth? Confession is twofold, either of sin, or of praise. When it is ill with us, let us in tribulation confess our sins ; when it is well with us, let us in the exultation of righteousness confess praise unto God : but without confession let us never be.
20. Ver. 10. The Lord hath heard, and had mercy on Me. How? Remember the dedication of the house. He hath heard, and had mercy. The Lord hath become My Helper.
21. Listen now to the resurrection itself! (Ver. 11. ) Thou hast turned My mourning into joy to Me, Thou hast rent off My sackcloth, and girded Me with gladness. What is sackcloth ? Mortality. Sackcloth is made of goats and kids,
Mat. 25,and goats and kids are set among sinners. The Lord took 'namerofrom our condition1 the sackcloth only, He assumed not
that of which sackcloth is the desert. That of which sack cloth is the desert, is sin : the sackcloth is mortality. For thee He assumed mortality, Who had no desert of death. For he hath desert of death, who sins ; but He Who sinned not, deserved not the sackcloth. In another place He Him- self saith, But when they troIubled Me, I clothed Myself with
hair-cloth.
What is this,
I opposed to My persecutors that, which I have from the hair-cloth. That they might think Him a man, He hid Himself from the eyes of the persecutors, because the perse- cutors were not worthy to see Him, clothed* with hair-
' but as cloth. Therefore, Thou hast put off My sackcloth, and
Ps. 35,
2Ben.
clothed Myself with hair-cloth?
clothed. '
girded Me with gladness.
I 22. Ver. 12. That My glory should sing unto Thee, and
should not be As it is in the Head, so in the pricked.
body. What should not be pricked? should die no more. For He was pricked, when He hung on the Cross, He was smitten with spear. Our Head therefore saith, that should not be pricked, should die no more. But we, what do we say because of the dedication of the house That our conscience should not prick us with the goads of our sins. For all will be remitted, and we shall then be free.
?
I
I
a
is, /
1
His Redeemed, freed from sin, shall confess in praise. 231
That My glory, saith He, should sing to Thee, not My Ver. humiliation. If our's, Christ's too, for we are the body of------ Christ. How? Because although Christ sitteth in heaven,
/
meat. He is both there, and here : there in Himself, here 35.
He will say to some,
was an
hungred,
and
ye gave Me Mat. 28,
in us. What thIen doth He say ? That My glory should sing
to Thee, and
sigheth unto Thee, my glory shall sing to Thee. Now at
should not be humiliation pricked. My
I will
the end: O Lord, my God,
What is, / will confess unto Thee for ever? I will praise Thee for ever, for we have said that there is a confession in praises also, and not only in sins. Confess then now what thou hast done against God, and thou shalt confess what God shall have done to thee. What hast thou done ? Sins. What hath God done? On confessing thine iniquity He remitteth thy sins, that afterwards confessing unto Him His praises for ever thou shouldest not be pricked with sin.
To the end, a Psalm of David himself, an ecstasy.
1. To the end a Psalm of David Himself, the Mediator strong of hand in persecutions. For the word ecstasy, which is added to the title, signifies a transport of the mind, which is produced either by a panic, or by some revelation. But in this Psalm the panic of the people of God troubled by the persecution of all the heathen, and by the failing of faith throughout the world, is principally seen. But first the Mediator Himself speaks : then the People redeemed by His Blood gives thanks : at last in trouble it speaks at length, which is what belongs to the ecstasy; but the Person of the Prophet himself is twice interposed, near the end, and at the end. I
2. Ver. 1. In Thee, O Lord, have
trusted, let Me not be
confess
unto Thee
for ever.
PSALM XXXI.
FIRST EXPOSITION.
Lat. XXX.
232 Christ asks immediate Resurrection. Release from fear.
Psalm put to confusion for ever. In Thee, O Lord, have I trusted, Exp. I. let Me never be confounded, whilst they shall insult Me as -- one like other men. In Thy righteousness rescue Me, and deliver Me. And in Thy righteousness rescue Me from the
pit of death, and deliver Me out of their company.
3. Ver. 2. Bend down Thine ear unto Me. Hear Me in My humiliation, nigh at hand unto Me. Make haste to deliver Me. Defer not to the end of the world, as with all who believe on Me, My separation from sinners. Be unto
Me a God Who protecteth Me. Be unto Me God, and Protector. And a house of refuge, that Thou mayest save Me. And as a house, wherein taking refuge I may be saved.
4. Ver. 3. For Thou art My strength, and My refuge. For Thou art unto Me My strength to bear My persecutors, and My refuge to escape them. And for Thy Name's sake
Thou shalt be My guide, and shalt nourish Me. And that by Me Thou mayest be known to all the Gentiles, I will in all things follow Thy will ; and, by assembling, by degrees, Saints unto Me, Thou shalt fulfil My body, and My perfect stature.
5. Ver. 4. Thou shalt bring Me out of this trap, which they have hidden for Me. Thou shalt bring Me out of these snares, which they have hidden for Me. For Thou art My
6. Ver. 5. Into Thy hands
Protector. IcommendMy Spirit. To
Thy power I commend My Spirit, soon to receive It back. Thou hast redeemed Me, O Lord God of truth. Let the people too, redeemed by the Passion of their Lord, and joyful in the glorifying of their Head, say, Thou hast redeemed me,
O Lord God of truth.
7. Ver. 6. Thou hatesl them that hold to vanity uselessly.
Thou hatest tIhem that hold to the false happiness of the world. But have trusted in the Lord.
/ will be glad, and in rejoice
8. Ver. 7.
Rom. 8, which doth not deceive me. For 77iou hast regarded My
humiliation: whereiti Thou hast subjected me to vanity in hope. Thou hast saved my soul from necessities. Thou hast saved my soul from the necessities of fear, that with a free love it may serve Thee.
Thy mercy:
The Church brought low in persecutions, yet delivered. 233
9. Ver. 8. And hast not shut me up into the hands of the Ver. enemy. And hast not shut me up, that I should have no ----- opening for recovering unto liberty, and be given over for ever
into the power of the devil, ensnaring me with the desire of
this life, and terrifying me with death. Thou hast set my feet in a large room. The resurrection of my Lord being known, and mine own being promised me, my love, having
been brought out of the straits of fear, walks abroad in con
tinuance, into the expanse of liberty. I 10. Ver. 9. Have mercy on me, O Lord,for
am troubled. But what is this unlooked for cruelty of the persecutors, striking such dread into me ? Have mercy on me, O Lord. For I am now no more alarmed for death, but for torments and tortures. Mine eye hath been disordered by anger.
1 had mine eye upon Thee, that Thou shouldest not abandon me : Thou art angry, and hast disordered it. My soul, and my belly. By the same anger my soul hath been disturbed, and my memory, whereby I retained what my God hath suffered for me, and what He hath promised me.
11. Ver. 10. For my life hath failed in pain. For my life is to confess Thee, but it failed in pain, when the enemy had said, Let them be tortured until they deny Him. And my years in groanings. The time that I pass in this world is not taken away from me by death, but abides, and is spent
. in groanings. My strength hath been weakened by want. 1 want the health of this body, and racking pains come on
I want the dissolution of the body, and death forbears
me :
to come: and in this want my confidence hath been weakened. And my bones have been disturbed. And my stedfastness hath been disturIbed.
have been made a reproach above all mine
12. Ver. 11.
enemies. All the wicked are my enemies ; and nevertheless they for their wickednesses are tortured only till they confess: I then have overpassed their reproach, I, whose confession
death doth not follow, but racking pains follow upon it. And to my neighbours too much. This hath seemed too much to them, who were already drawing near to know Thee, and to hold the faith that I hold. And a fear to mine
And into my very acquaintance I struck fear by the example of my dreadful tribulation. They that did
acquaintance.
234 Cruel devices, and punishment, of persecutors.
Psalm see me, fled without from me. Because they did not under- ExpXl stand my inward and invisible hope, they fled from me into
things outward and visible.
I
the heart. And they have forgotten me, as if I were dead from
14. Ver. 13. For I
dwelling by in a circuit. For I have heard many rebuking me, in the pilgrimage of this world near me, following the circuit of time, and refusing to return with me to the eternal country.
Whilst they were assembling themselves together against me, they conspired that they might take my soul. That my soul, which should by death easily escape from their power, might consent unto them, they imagined a device, whereby they would not suffer me even to die.
Lord;
said, Thou art my God. For Thou hast not changed, that
Thou shouldest not save, Who dost correct.
16. Ver. 15. In Thy hands are my lots. In Thy power
are my lots. For I see no desert, for which out of the universal ungodliness of the human race Thou hast elected me particularly to salvation. And though there be with Thee some just and secret order in my election, yet 1, from
John 19, whom this is hid, have attained by lot unto my Lord's vesture. Deliver me from the hands of mine enemies, and from them that persecute me.
17. Ver. 16. Make Thy Face to shine upon Thy servant. Make it known to men, who do not think that I belong unto Thee, that Thy Face is bent upon me, and that I serve Thee. Save me in Thy mercy. I
18. Ver. 17. O Lord, let me not be confounded, for
called upon Thee. O Lord, let me not be put to shame by those who insult me, for that I have called upon Thee. Let the ungodly be ashamed, and be brought down to hell. Let them rather who call upon stones be ashamed, and made
1 umbristo dwell with darkness1.
tor. 19. Ver. 18. Let the deceitful lips be made dumb. In
13. Ver. 12.
have been forgotten, as one dead
from
/
have become as a lost vessel. I have seemed
their hearts.
to myself to be lost to all the Lord's service, living in this world, and gaining none, when all were afraid to join them selves unto me.
15. Ver. 14. But I
have in TItee, O hoped
I
have
have heard the rebuking
of
many
have
The Church's marvellous deliverance in God. 235
making known to the peoples Thy mysteries wrought in me, Vrr. strike with dumb amazement the lips of them that invent 19~22. falsehood of me. Which speak iniquity against the Righteous,
in pride and contempt. Which speak iniquity against Christ,
in their pride and contempt of Him as a crucified man.
20.
