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fluence as far as possible ; in which he so far suc- statesman. He was of good family, being the son
ceeded, that when he was at length compelled to of Erasistratus. The date of his birth is not
take an active part in the war between Antigonus known, but he was a contemporary of Nicias and
and Eumenes (B. C. 317), he obtained by common Alcibiades. Plutarch (Alcib. 13) says, that he
consent the chief command of all the forces fur- and Nicias were the only rivals from whom Alci-
nished by the satrapies east of the Tigris ; and biades had any thing to ſear when he entered upon
was with difficulty induced to waive his pretensions public life. Phaeax, like Alcibiades, was at the
to the supreme direction of the war. Eumenes, time just rising to distinction. In B. c. 422 Phaenx
however, by his dexterous management, soothed with two others was sent as an ambassador to Italy
the irritation of Peucestas, and retained him firmly and Sicily, to endeavour to induce the allies of the
in his alliance throughout the two campaigns that Athenians in that quarter and the other Siceliots
followed. The satrap was contented to gratify his to aid the Leontines against the Syracusans. He
pride by feasting the whole of the arinies assembled succeeded with Camarina and Agrigentum, but his
in Persia on a scale of royal magnificence, while failure at Gela led him to abandon the attempt as
Eumenes virtually directed all the operations of the hopeless. In his way back he did some service to
war. But the disaster in the final action near Ga- the Athenian cause among the states of Italy.
damarta (B. C. 316) which led to the capture of the (Thucyd. v. 4, 5. ) . According to Theophrastus
baggage, and the surrender of Eumenes by the (ap. Plut. ) it was Phaeax, and not Nicias, with
Argyraspids [EUMENES), appears to have been whom Alcibiades united for the purpose of ostra-
clearly owing to the misconduct and insubordi- cising Hyperbolus. Most authorities, however,
nation of Peucestas, who, according to one account, affirmed that it was Nicias. (Plut. l. c. Nic. 11,
was himself one of the chief advisers of the dis- Aristid. 7. ) In the Lives of the Ten Orators
graceful treaty. His conduct throughout these (Andoc. ) there is mention of a contest between
campaigns shows that he wanted both the ability Phaeax and Andocides, and a defence of the latter
to command for himself, and the moderation to fol- against the former. It is difficult to say to what
low the superior judgment of others. His vain period this could have referred. Andocides did
and ambitious character seems to have been appre not come into notice till after the affair of the
ciated at its just value by Antigonus, who, while mutilation of the Hermae.
he deprived him of his satrapy, and led him away Phaeax was of engaging manners, but had no
a virtual prisoner, elated him with false hopes and great abilities as a speaker. According to Eupolis
specious promises, which, of course, were never (ap. Plut. Alcib. 13) he was a fluent talker, but quite
fulfilled. - (Diod. xix. 14, 15, 17, 21—24, 37, 38, unable to speak. (Comp. A. Gellius, N. A. i. 15. )
43, 48 ; Plut. Eum. 14–16 ; Polyaen. iv. 6. § 13, Aristophanes gives a description of his style of
8. $ 3. )
[E. H. B. ) speaking (Equit. 1377, &c. ), from which we also
PEUCEʼTIUS (PIEUKéTiOs), one of the sons gather thai, on one occasion, he was brought to
of Lycaon, is said to have led, in conjunction with trial for some capital offence (ér' autopupw Kowvó-
his brother Oenotrus, an Arcadian colony into uevos, Schol. ) and acquitted.
Italy, where they landed near the lapy gian pro- There has been a good deal of controrersy re-
montory. (Dionys. Hal. i. 11; Apollod. iii. 8. specting the speech against Alcibiades, commonly
§ 1. )
(L. S. ] attributed to Andocides, which Taylor maintained
PHACRASES (Φακρασης). Several persons to be the production of Phaeax. Plutarch (Alcib.
of this name
are enumerated by Fabricius 13), according to the opinion of most editors,
(Bill
. Graec. vol. xi. p. 707). Of these the prin speaks of an oration against Alcibiades, reported to
cipal are:-
be the production of Phaeax. It seems not un-
1. JOANNES, logotheta (clerk of accounts) likely that he refers to the very oration which is
under the Emperor Andronicus senior, was pro extant, the passage which he quotes (though not
moted to be magnus logotheta (Cancellarius, accord quite accurately) being found in the speech in
ing to Du Cange, s. v. ), under Michael senior question, which could not have been written by
Palacologus. He was a correspondent of Gregory | Andocides, as the author speaks of the rival claim
of Cyprus and Maximus Planudes. His praises of himself, Nicias, and Alcibiades being decided
are celebrated, and allusions to his progress in by ostracism. There are, however, strong reasons
court distinction contained, in some Greek verses, for believing that it is the production of some rhe-
published in the old edition of Fabricius (Bibl. torician writing in the name of Phaeax. The style
Graec. vol. x. p. 542). He lived towards the does not at all resemble what the notice in Aris-
close of the thirteenth century.
tophanes would lead us to expect ; and the writer
2. Georgius, Protostrator (master of the horse, betrays himself by various inaccuracies. If then
Marescallus, Ducange) under Joannes Cantacu- the speech was written as if by Phaeax, and re-
Zenus, A. D. 1344.
liance can be placed on the biographical notices in
3. MATTHAEUS, bishop of Serrae, about A. D. it (which are in part at least borne out by good
1401. He was a correspondent of Isidorus, me- authorities), Phaeax was four times put upon his
tropolitan of Thessalonica. TW. M. G. ] trial for life, and each time was acquitted ($ 8, 36.
PHAEA (paid), the name of the sow of Crom-Comp. Aristoph. l. c. ), and was sent as ambassador
myon, which ravaged the neighbourhood, and was to Thessaly, Macedonia, Molossia, and Thesprotia,
slain by Theseus. (Plut. Thes. 9; Plat. Lach. besides Sicily and Italy, and had gained various
p. 196, e. ; Eurip. Suppl. 316. ) (L. S. ] prizes, for evavopía, with the tragic chorus, in the
PHAEAX (dalat), a son of Poseidon and Cer- torch race, &c. (Taylor, Lect. Lys. c. 6 ; Valcke-
cyra, from whom the Phaeacians derived their naer, Advers. ap. Sluiter, Lech. Andoc. p. 17—26 ;
(Diod. iv. 72 ; Steph. Byz. s. r. Þaiał. ) Ruhnken, Hist. Crit. Orat. Gr. Opusc. p. 321, &c. ;
Conon (Narrat. 3) calls him the father of Aleinous Becker, Andokides, p. 13, &c. , 83–108 ; and espe-
and Locrus.
(L. S. ) cially Meier, Comment. de Andocidis quae rulgo
PHAEAX (Palak), an Athenian orator and fertur oratione contra Alcibiadem. ) [C. P. M. ]
name.
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## p. 230 (#246) ############################################

230
PHAEDON.
PHAEDRUS.
]
PHAEAX (Halat), a celebrated architect of structed him in philosophy. Phaedon was present
Agrigentum, who flourished about Ol. 75, B. C. 480, at the death of Socrates, while he was still quite a
and executed several important public works for youth. From the mention of his long hair (Plat.
his native city. Among the most remarkable of 1. c. ) it would seem that he was not eighteen years
these works were the sewers (útbvouoi), which of age at the time, as at that age it was customary
were named, after the architect, palakes. (Diod. to cease wearing the hair long. (Becker, Charikles,
xi. 25. )
(P. S. ) ii. p. 382. ) That Phaedon was on terms of friend.
PHAE'DIMA (paldiun), a Persian lady, daugh- ship with Plato appears likely from the mode in
ter of Otanes, was one of the wives of Cambyses which he is introduced in the dialogue which takes
and of Smerdis the Magian. Instigated by her its name from him. Other stories that were cur-
father, she discovered one night, while he was asleep, rent in the schools spoke of their relation as being
that Smerdis had lost his ears ; and thus she con- that of enmity rather than friendship. (Athen. xi.
firmed the suspicion of Otanes, that he was not as pp. 505, 507, c. ) In the former passage Athenaeus
he pretended to be, Smerdis, the son of Cyrus. says, that neither Gorgias nor Phaedon would
(Her, iii, 68, 69. ) (OTANES. ] [E. E.
] acknowledge the least of what Plato attributed to
PHAE'DIMUS (Paídios), the name of two them in the dialogues that bore their names. )
mythical personages, the one a son of Amphion Several philosophers were ungenerous enough to
and Niobe (Apollod. iii. 5. & 6), and the other a reproach Phaedon with his previous condition, as
king of the Sidonians, who hospitably received Hieronymus (Diog. Laërt. 1. c. ), and Epicurus (Cic.
Menelaus on his return from Troy. (Hom. Od. de Nat. Deor. i. 33. & 93). Besides Plato Aeschines
xv. 117. )
(LS. ) named one of his dialogues after Phaedon. (Suid.
PHAE'DIMUS (Þaíduos), was one of the s. r. Aloxívms. )
Thirty Tyrants, according to the common reading Phaedon appears to have lived in Athens some
of a passage in Demosthenes (de Fals. Leg. p. time after the death of Socrates. He then re-
402. ) The name, as given by Xenophon (Hell. ii. turned to Elis, where he became the founder of a
3. & 2), is Phaedrias.
(E. E. ) school of philosophy. Anchipylus and Moschus
PHAE'DIMUS (Paíduos), an epigrammatic are mentioned among his disciples. (Diog. Laërt. ii.
poet, four of whose epigrams are contained in the 126. ) He was succeeded by Pleistanus (Diog.
Greek Anthology (Brunck, Anal. vol. i. p. 261; Laërt. ii. 105), after whom the Elean school was
Jacobs, Anth. Graec. vol. i. p. 192. ) He lived merged in the Eretrian. (MENEDEMUS] Of the
earlier than Meleager, in whose Garland his doctrines of Phaedon nothing is known, except as
verses had a place (v. 52). We learn from Ste- they made their appearance in the philosophy of
phanus that he was a native of Bisanthe in Menedemus. Nothing can safely be inferred re-
Macedonia, or, according to others, of Amastris or specting them from the Phaedon of Plato. None
Cromna, in Paphlagonia. (Steph. Byz. s. o. of Phaedon's writings have come down to us.
Βισάνθη. ) One of his epigrams is inscribed They were in the form of dialogues. There was
Broavtívov in the Palatine and Planudean An- some doubt in antiquity as to which were genuine,
thologies. He also perhaps wrote an epic poem en- and which were not. Panaetius attempted a criti-
titled Heracleia, for Athenaeus (xi. p. 498, e. ) cal separation of the two classes (Diog. Laërt. ii.
quotes an hexameter line from Phaedimus, év 64); and the Zúrupos and the sluw were ac-
apTW 'Hpakhelas. (Schweigh, ad loc. ) [P. S. ) knowledged to be genuine. Besides these Dio.
PHAEDON (Maidwv), a Greek philosopher of genes Laertius (ii. 105) mentions as of doubtful
some celebrity. He was a native of Elis, and of authenticity the Nixias, Mudios, 'Artluayos naper.
high birth. He was taken prisoner in his youth, Elman, and EKVÔikol byou. Besides these Suidas
and passed into the hands of an Athenian slave mentions the Σιμμίας, Αλκιβιάδης, and Κριτόλαος.
dealer; and being of considerable personal beauty It was probably from the Zopyrus that the inci-
(Plat. Phaed. c. 38) was compelled to prostitute dent alluded io by Cicero (de Fato, 5, Tusc.
himself. (Diog. Laert. ii. 105 ; Suid. s. v. Þaidwv; Disp. iv. 37. & 80), Maximus Tyr. (xxxi. 3), and
A. Gellius, N. A. ii. 18. ) The occasion on which others, was derived. Seneca (Ep. 94. 41) has a
he was taken prisoner was no doubt the war be- translation of a short passage from one of his
tween Sparta and Elis, in which the Lacedaemo- pieces. (Fabric. Bibl. Gr. vol. i. p. 717 ; Schöll,
nians were joined by the Athenians, which was car- Gesch. der Griech. Lit. vol. i. p. 475 ; Preller in
ried on in the years B. C. 401, 400. (Clinton, s. a. ) Ersch and Gruber's Encycl. ) [C. P. M. )
The reading 'lvowv in Suidas is of course an error. PHAEDRA (Þaidpa), a daughter of Minos by
The later date assigned for the war by Krüger and Pasiphaë or Crete, and the wife of Theseus.
others is manifestly erroneous. (See Clinton, Fasti|(Apollod. iii. 1. & 2. ) She was the stepmother of
Hellen. vol. ii. p. 220, ed. 3. ) So that it would be Hippolytus, the son of Theseus, by Antiope or Hip-
in the summer of B. C. 400 that Phaedon was polyte, and having fallen in love with him he re-
brought to Athens. A year would thus remain for pulsed her, whereupon she calumniated him before
his acquaintance with Socrates, to whom he at-Theseus. After the death of Hippolytus, his in-
tached himself. According to Diogenes Laërtius nocence became known to his father, and Phaedra
(1. c. ) he ran away from his master to Socrates, and made away with herself. (Hom. Od. xi. 3. 25 ;
was ransomed by one of the friends of the latter. Eurip. Hippol. ; compare Theseus and HIPPOLY-
Suidas says, that he was accidentally present at a Tus. )
[L. S. )
conversation with Socrates, and besought him to PHAE'DRIAS (Ⓡauðplas), is mentioned by
effect his liberation. Various accounts mentioned Xenophon (Hell. q. 3. & 2), as one of the Thirty
Alcibiades, Criton, or Cebes, as the person who Tyrants. [PHAEDIMUS. )
[E. E. )
ransomed him. (Diog. Laërt. ; Suid. ; A. Gell. I. c. ) PHAEDRUS (paidpos). 1. An Athenian, the
Alcibiades, however, was not at Athens at the son of Pythocles, of the deme Myrrhinus (Plat.
time. Cebes is stated to have been on terms of Phaedr. p. 244). He was a friend of Plato (Diog.
intimate friendship with Phaedon, and to have in- | Laërt. iii. 29), by whom he is introduced in the
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## p. 231 (#247) ############################################

į
PHAEDRUS.
PHAEMON
231
Phaedrus and the Convivium. It appears from book shows that this fable was written after the
these that he was a great admirer of Lysias and the death of Augustus.
other rhetoricians of his age. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. The prologue to the first book states that the fables
vol.