The order of time is best
represented
by an inver-
sion :---' both by hearsay and experience ' (K.
sion :---' both by hearsay and experience ' (K.
Demosthenese - First Philippic and the Olynthiacs
7, 18 ; 8 ?
73),
and the cognate phrase 11 dM' 17; We may either supply 1role'iv
(expressed in 8 ? ? 10, 27, and 9? 2), or regard oz'nSe? v 6. 1M as
used absolutely (like 70. 1le 10910, 6110711 OaTepov). Op. 29 ? 11
qi-llfi'rlv 56711 p. 17 fie'v dhho 10171-00 rpe? repov '5 1031-01! rpoxahouuevos
e? he? 'yfal, 45 ? 23 T! dhh' i) a? div 0. 1,! TL3V Ka-rfi'yopor 767611110111
61; \pczldov-rai; On 6. 701 fi see note on 8 ? 73. r
9. iv tdeeo-w--wapwrdv-res, 'in not laying before you
the true subject of debate,' i. e. a view of the real state of
afi'airs, which may serve as a point of departure for your
deliberations; cp. l. 19 inrofie? aOaL, and 19 ? 242 70178 51mm"
dwa'ya'yt'uv am) r1"): i'nro0e? aews. 6169va is best regarded
as Acc. after wapzardvres, the circumstantial participle denoting
manner (Goodwin MT. ? 836), and not after dpaprravew. The
latter construction would make it necessary to understand
611-6050'"! after the Participle.
? 2 l. 13. Kai. pdh' dxprfiris 018a, 'I know well enough'
('only too well'); 8 ? 48 Kai mix 6p0? 2vs 60m. e? 1r' e? poii,
'in my own time,' while Athens still held Amphipolis,
Poteidaea etc. ; ? 21, 23 e? 1rl 117:1! rpo'yovwv. next: em,
phatic before mike-t, 'not in a former generation'; whereas
on) mthaz might be understood as ' not long ago,' 'recently. '
14. ye? yovev: not 'have happened,' but (influenced by e? fifiv)
' have been possible. ' threw-par, 'I have been persuaded,'
'am convinced,' Pres. Perf.
15. r090'--eivat: constr. ell/m ZKavbv 'r'mTv rpohafiei'v Tofrro.
wpohafieiv: to secure in anticipation of our opponents,
as in [7] ? 9, 18 ? 224. 'rfiv 1rpo'a-rqv, 'in the first in-
stance' ; 4 ? 23, 3 ? 21 Tip des.
16. limos--(railropwz Fut. Ind. with 81m): in object clause
explaining 7099', the object of wpohafle'iv ; cp. ? 1 l. 6.
17. repl- 'l'Oil---1'P61I'OV, 'the question of the object and the means
of one's (i. e. our) revenge. ' The article turns the uestion into
a substantival clause ; cp. 9 ? 7, 18 ? 1, 37 ? 46 ; T uc. iv 63, 3
wept 'roi; Truwpr'lo'aatial TLVG. 1"]! 0. . . Kai. 8v 'rp61rov: for
the combination of the interrogative and the relative cp. 4 ? 33
a new 01711 xpfiae'ral Kai 1rb-re 'rf] duvet/tel, Thuc. i137 . . Zia-n;
e? a'rl ml 64' d. ? e|. 'r'yn, Isocr. 1 ? 5 . . div xpi'! . . 6pe? yea'0al
Kai Tluwv e? p'ywv dre? xsafiar, followed by 1rolozs Hair and #639,
Aeschin. 1 ? 9 drodelxvval. 'n'pQ'rov My '7)" d'Jpav rpoafixcr. le? vai
. . brews. ae-ra 1rbu'wv Kai run/lira. The relative is 801118-
times used for the interrogative in dependent questions, e. g.
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. 31175009758841 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? III ? 2, 3 THIRD 0L YNTHIAC' 187
1 ? 21 l. 189, 22 ? 72 ol'nc efianhov 5L' (3. 10171" e? roinaas; Prooem.
5 (ich . . rpbonhov 8>> oils . . , Isocr. 13 ? 22 45 dw1rep ail-rt);
s'relo'lhpl ol'h'w rain" e? 'xcw, M8101: oI/mt . . ? avepbv Karaerfiaew
(Karlowa Progr. 1883 pp. 15 f).
18. nptv--inroQe? o'Oau 2 ? 10, 'before we lay the foundation
aright'; Eur. HF. 126 671111 6% Kpmris ,u-h Kamfiknflfi 'ye? vous |
opadis.
20. 10m: :2 the crowning consummation of revenge on
Philip. ovnvofiv wouie'ht Xhov, ' to say a single word ' ;
101. 5001" X67011 20 ? 58, 99; 29 ? 13, 33 ? 26 (of litigation),
54 ? ? 6, 7 ('to take account of'). Here=)\e? 'yew (mofiv. 'Any
verb in Greek may be resolved into the cognate substantive
with WOIGTO'QGL' (Shilleto on FL. ? 104 p. 370), cp. Cobet NL.
257, and Index to Merchant's Thuc. ii.
? 31. 21. Second Prooemium. 6 plv 05v "Pl-ill! ate-1. 96s: 1 ? 2.
(Imp (ns) 'n'o're? =el'1rep 'rzs dhhos : 1 ? 6 el'1rep 1ro1'e? Kai vfiv.
22. throw-080s Kai. Bovhfis: for the collocation of synonyms
cp. 4 ? 3.
24. ixi'iv(o) darepe? i: 2 ? 24 e? xefvo 0avpdfw.
26. <Ka1> wapbv no. 1 e? koe? mv, ' whether as an eye-witness '
(of contemporary events) 'or by hearsay' (of the events of the
past).
The order of time is best represented by an inver-
sion :---' both by hearsay and experience ' (K. )
27. m'wonSc, 'I have learnt (like others)': absol. as in
20 ? 13; contrasted with dim) in Thuc. i 73, 2. 763v
wpaypd-rwv, 'our interests,' 5 ? 2. e? mredmwe? vua: metaphor
from the chase, as in 5 ? 27, 14 ? 15, 18 ? 33.
28. fl; pa) Bofihwflcu. x-rk. : 15 ? 1, 23 ? 145, Cic. de San.
64 Athenienscs scire quae recta assent, sulface'rc nolle.
29. Ford. wappqu'fias: see note on 4 ? 51 l. 462 1re'lrapp17-
alaawaz. '
30. 1rou5|uu foils hdyovs: l. 20.
31. 8L6. 706(1'0) : sc. Ae? 'yw rather than brone? vew. that with Ace.
denotes not only the cause or motive ('owing to '), but also
the emi (either the mscqueme or, as here, the purpose).
Shilleto on FL. ? 291 p. 423. two. . . ye? vq-rut: note on
2 ? 24 l. 221. '
32. apart--mpdwa: Prooem. 1 ? 3 opfin yelp (is 6'1: 16v
rocoe? rwv e? Mr-wwv ml Mywv els miv wpoekfikuee oxenpfils 'rfi
mpdv-ru. ? K 'rofi 1rpbs X6. va 81||nwop? iv ( oodwin 111 T.
p. 197 ? 800): cp. ? 22, 4 ? 38 (=Pr00em. 1 ? 3), Present.
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. 31175009758841 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? 188 THIRD OLYNTHIAO III ? ? 3, 4
12 ? 1, Aeschin. 3 ? 127 nihnae? s e? pd. " To 721;) del 1rpos
i150th Xc'ye? aevov ofrrwai Till! . . we? hw diarre? flemev K'rh.
33. eis 'miv wpoehfihvfiev K-rh. : see note on 4 ? 47 sis 1050'
7'jK6L 'rd. 1rpo'. 'y,u. ar' alaxe? v'qs, and cp. 6 ? 2 El; 1001' 11617 1rpo-
n'ype? va TU'YXdJ/EL mirror. 'rd. rpd'yaa'm, 9 ? 2 cl: 'roii'ro 1d 1rpii'y,u. u. -r'
ci? TKma In such phrases the subject is more frequently a
person, as in 22 ? 16; cp. Thuc. vii 55 61/ irawrl 6i] dOu/tlas
flow".
34. 1'6. wape? v-ra: somewhat peculiarly combined with upo-
Afihveev. The sense is well brought out by Heslopz--'our
affairs have gone from bad to worse, till now they are in an
utterly wretched condition. '
? 4 l. 35. pucpe? . (= dhl'ya, as in ? 14 and 5 ? 4): sometimes
taken adverbially (leaving 76v yeysv'qpe? vwv to serve as Gen.
after uroavfio'ai), but better coupled with fliw yeyevqpe? vuv,
cp. 5 ? 4.
36. imopvi'lo'al. governs two accusatives in 24 ? 15 dva'yki]
fie' 1rp431'ov brow/float 1'01); xpe? vour Dads, op. 18 ? 17. |I~? ~
Wile-9(a) . ~. K'r(e): imministis cum.
38. 'rpt-rov i) 're? 'rap'rov gros 'rovrf : 21 ? 13 'rpirov e? -ros Tom-i,
54 ? 3 has Tom-i Tpl-rov. Ace. of duration of time as in 8 ? 2
e? vde? KaTov ,ufiva rou-rovl, and Aeschin. 3 ? 77 e? flde? pxnv fiae? pav.
The sense is not 'three or four years ago,' but 'in the third
or fourth year since,' whereby a shorter interval of time is
indicated.
'Third or fourth year' is not intended to be a vague date; on the
contrary it is particularly precise. The present speech must have
been delivered efore Nov. 849 (01. 107, 4). At that time less than
three years had elapsed since the capture of 'Hpaiov "7x0; in Nov.
352 (01. 107, 1); hence the phrase 'rpC-rov 'e? 'rog Too-rt. Again,
since that event, the fourth of the four civil years, 01. 107, 1,
2, 3, 4, had begun, i. e. the year designated by the fourth of the
four archons, Aristodemus, Theellus, Apollodorus, and Callimaehus;
hence the addition of the words i lre'-'r-z:|. 1. vri;w (Westermann and
Weil). Similarly, in Oct. 1896 we might say of an event of Nov. 1893
that it was now 'the third (civil) year' since it happened; at the same
time it would be equally true that four Academical years had begun,
and Oct. 1896 would be in 'the fourth (Academical) year' from the
event in question.
'Hpaiov reixos: a Thracian fortress captured by Philip in
352 13. 0. (01. 107, 1) during the expedition mentioned in 1
? 13 q'ixe'r' els quiknv. It is usually identified with 'Hpa'iov,
described by Herod. iv 90 as a no)": near Perinthus on the
Propontis (or Sea. of Marmara). As Perinthus was a colony
of Samos, the neighbouring 'Hpaiov apparently owed its name
to the Samians, whose tutelary deity was Hera.
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. 31175009758841 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? III ? 4, 5 THIRD OLYNTHIAC 189
"Hpaiov reixos is not quite the same as 'Hpa'iev, nor was the latter
place near to the Chersonese: nor would Philip be yet in a condition to
provoke or menace so powerful a city as Perinthus--though he did so ten
years afterwards (Diodor. xvi 74). I cannot think that we know where
'Hpuiov feixo: was situated, except that it was in Thrace, and near the
Chersonese (Grote c 87 viii 58).
39. 'rrohmpmiv after dmyye? heq: Xen. Hell. vii 5, 10 e? e?
and the cognate phrase 11 dM' 17; We may either supply 1role'iv
(expressed in 8 ? ? 10, 27, and 9? 2), or regard oz'nSe? v 6. 1M as
used absolutely (like 70. 1le 10910, 6110711 OaTepov). Op. 29 ? 11
qi-llfi'rlv 56711 p. 17 fie'v dhho 10171-00 rpe? repov '5 1031-01! rpoxahouuevos
e? he? 'yfal, 45 ? 23 T! dhh' i) a? div 0. 1,! TL3V Ka-rfi'yopor 767611110111
61; \pczldov-rai; On 6. 701 fi see note on 8 ? 73. r
9. iv tdeeo-w--wapwrdv-res, 'in not laying before you
the true subject of debate,' i. e. a view of the real state of
afi'airs, which may serve as a point of departure for your
deliberations; cp. l. 19 inrofie? aOaL, and 19 ? 242 70178 51mm"
dwa'ya'yt'uv am) r1"): i'nro0e? aews. 6169va is best regarded
as Acc. after wapzardvres, the circumstantial participle denoting
manner (Goodwin MT. ? 836), and not after dpaprravew. The
latter construction would make it necessary to understand
611-6050'"! after the Participle.
? 2 l. 13. Kai. pdh' dxprfiris 018a, 'I know well enough'
('only too well'); 8 ? 48 Kai mix 6p0? 2vs 60m. e? 1r' e? poii,
'in my own time,' while Athens still held Amphipolis,
Poteidaea etc. ; ? 21, 23 e? 1rl 117:1! rpo'yovwv. next: em,
phatic before mike-t, 'not in a former generation'; whereas
on) mthaz might be understood as ' not long ago,' 'recently. '
14. ye? yovev: not 'have happened,' but (influenced by e? fifiv)
' have been possible. ' threw-par, 'I have been persuaded,'
'am convinced,' Pres. Perf.
15. r090'--eivat: constr. ell/m ZKavbv 'r'mTv rpohafiei'v Tofrro.
wpohafieiv: to secure in anticipation of our opponents,
as in [7] ? 9, 18 ? 224. 'rfiv 1rpo'a-rqv, 'in the first in-
stance' ; 4 ? 23, 3 ? 21 Tip des.
16. limos--(railropwz Fut. Ind. with 81m): in object clause
explaining 7099', the object of wpohafle'iv ; cp. ? 1 l. 6.
17. repl- 'l'Oil---1'P61I'OV, 'the question of the object and the means
of one's (i. e. our) revenge. ' The article turns the uestion into
a substantival clause ; cp. 9 ? 7, 18 ? 1, 37 ? 46 ; T uc. iv 63, 3
wept 'roi; Truwpr'lo'aatial TLVG. 1"]! 0. . . Kai. 8v 'rp61rov: for
the combination of the interrogative and the relative cp. 4 ? 33
a new 01711 xpfiae'ral Kai 1rb-re 'rf] duvet/tel, Thuc. i137 . . Zia-n;
e? a'rl ml 64' d. ? e|. 'r'yn, Isocr. 1 ? 5 . . div xpi'! . . 6pe? yea'0al
Kai Tluwv e? p'ywv dre? xsafiar, followed by 1rolozs Hair and #639,
Aeschin. 1 ? 9 drodelxvval. 'n'pQ'rov My '7)" d'Jpav rpoafixcr. le? vai
. . brews. ae-ra 1rbu'wv Kai run/lira. The relative is 801118-
times used for the interrogative in dependent questions, e. g.
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. 31175009758841 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? III ? 2, 3 THIRD 0L YNTHIAC' 187
1 ? 21 l. 189, 22 ? 72 ol'nc efianhov 5L' (3. 10171" e? roinaas; Prooem.
5 (ich . . rpbonhov 8>> oils . . , Isocr. 13 ? 22 45 dw1rep ail-rt);
s'relo'lhpl ol'h'w rain" e? 'xcw, M8101: oI/mt . . ? avepbv Karaerfiaew
(Karlowa Progr. 1883 pp. 15 f).
18. nptv--inroQe? o'Oau 2 ? 10, 'before we lay the foundation
aright'; Eur. HF. 126 671111 6% Kpmris ,u-h Kamfiknflfi 'ye? vous |
opadis.
20. 10m: :2 the crowning consummation of revenge on
Philip. ovnvofiv wouie'ht Xhov, ' to say a single word ' ;
101. 5001" X67011 20 ? 58, 99; 29 ? 13, 33 ? 26 (of litigation),
54 ? ? 6, 7 ('to take account of'). Here=)\e? 'yew (mofiv. 'Any
verb in Greek may be resolved into the cognate substantive
with WOIGTO'QGL' (Shilleto on FL. ? 104 p. 370), cp. Cobet NL.
257, and Index to Merchant's Thuc. ii.
? 31. 21. Second Prooemium. 6 plv 05v "Pl-ill! ate-1. 96s: 1 ? 2.
(Imp (ns) 'n'o're? =el'1rep 'rzs dhhos : 1 ? 6 el'1rep 1ro1'e? Kai vfiv.
22. throw-080s Kai. Bovhfis: for the collocation of synonyms
cp. 4 ? 3.
24. ixi'iv(o) darepe? i: 2 ? 24 e? xefvo 0avpdfw.
26. <Ka1> wapbv no. 1 e? koe? mv, ' whether as an eye-witness '
(of contemporary events) 'or by hearsay' (of the events of the
past).
The order of time is best represented by an inver-
sion :---' both by hearsay and experience ' (K. )
27. m'wonSc, 'I have learnt (like others)': absol. as in
20 ? 13; contrasted with dim) in Thuc. i 73, 2. 763v
wpaypd-rwv, 'our interests,' 5 ? 2. e? mredmwe? vua: metaphor
from the chase, as in 5 ? 27, 14 ? 15, 18 ? 33.
28. fl; pa) Bofihwflcu. x-rk. : 15 ? 1, 23 ? 145, Cic. de San.
64 Athenienscs scire quae recta assent, sulface'rc nolle.
29. Ford. wappqu'fias: see note on 4 ? 51 l. 462 1re'lrapp17-
alaawaz. '
30. 1rou5|uu foils hdyovs: l. 20.
31. 8L6. 706(1'0) : sc. Ae? 'yw rather than brone? vew. that with Ace.
denotes not only the cause or motive ('owing to '), but also
the emi (either the mscqueme or, as here, the purpose).
Shilleto on FL. ? 291 p. 423. two. . . ye? vq-rut: note on
2 ? 24 l. 221. '
32. apart--mpdwa: Prooem. 1 ? 3 opfin yelp (is 6'1: 16v
rocoe? rwv e? Mr-wwv ml Mywv els miv wpoekfikuee oxenpfils 'rfi
mpdv-ru. ? K 'rofi 1rpbs X6. va 81||nwop? iv ( oodwin 111 T.
p. 197 ? 800): cp. ? 22, 4 ? 38 (=Pr00em. 1 ? 3), Present.
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. 31175009758841 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? 188 THIRD OLYNTHIAO III ? ? 3, 4
12 ? 1, Aeschin. 3 ? 127 nihnae? s e? pd. " To 721;) del 1rpos
i150th Xc'ye? aevov ofrrwai Till! . . we? hw diarre? flemev K'rh.
33. eis 'miv wpoehfihvfiev K-rh. : see note on 4 ? 47 sis 1050'
7'jK6L 'rd. 1rpo'. 'y,u. ar' alaxe? v'qs, and cp. 6 ? 2 El; 1001' 11617 1rpo-
n'ype? va TU'YXdJ/EL mirror. 'rd. rpd'yaa'm, 9 ? 2 cl: 'roii'ro 1d 1rpii'y,u. u. -r'
ci? TKma In such phrases the subject is more frequently a
person, as in 22 ? 16; cp. Thuc. vii 55 61/ irawrl 6i] dOu/tlas
flow".
34. 1'6. wape? v-ra: somewhat peculiarly combined with upo-
Afihveev. The sense is well brought out by Heslopz--'our
affairs have gone from bad to worse, till now they are in an
utterly wretched condition. '
? 4 l. 35. pucpe? . (= dhl'ya, as in ? 14 and 5 ? 4): sometimes
taken adverbially (leaving 76v yeysv'qpe? vwv to serve as Gen.
after uroavfio'ai), but better coupled with fliw yeyevqpe? vuv,
cp. 5 ? 4.
36. imopvi'lo'al. governs two accusatives in 24 ? 15 dva'yki]
fie' 1rp431'ov brow/float 1'01); xpe? vour Dads, op. 18 ? 17. |I~? ~
Wile-9(a) . ~. K'r(e): imministis cum.
38. 'rpt-rov i) 're? 'rap'rov gros 'rovrf : 21 ? 13 'rpirov e? -ros Tom-i,
54 ? 3 has Tom-i Tpl-rov. Ace. of duration of time as in 8 ? 2
e? vde? KaTov ,ufiva rou-rovl, and Aeschin. 3 ? 77 e? flde? pxnv fiae? pav.
The sense is not 'three or four years ago,' but 'in the third
or fourth year since,' whereby a shorter interval of time is
indicated.
'Third or fourth year' is not intended to be a vague date; on the
contrary it is particularly precise. The present speech must have
been delivered efore Nov. 849 (01. 107, 4). At that time less than
three years had elapsed since the capture of 'Hpaiov "7x0; in Nov.
352 (01. 107, 1); hence the phrase 'rpC-rov 'e? 'rog Too-rt. Again,
since that event, the fourth of the four civil years, 01. 107, 1,
2, 3, 4, had begun, i. e. the year designated by the fourth of the
four archons, Aristodemus, Theellus, Apollodorus, and Callimaehus;
hence the addition of the words i lre'-'r-z:|. 1. vri;w (Westermann and
Weil). Similarly, in Oct. 1896 we might say of an event of Nov. 1893
that it was now 'the third (civil) year' since it happened; at the same
time it would be equally true that four Academical years had begun,
and Oct. 1896 would be in 'the fourth (Academical) year' from the
event in question.
'Hpaiov reixos: a Thracian fortress captured by Philip in
352 13. 0. (01. 107, 1) during the expedition mentioned in 1
? 13 q'ixe'r' els quiknv. It is usually identified with 'Hpa'iov,
described by Herod. iv 90 as a no)": near Perinthus on the
Propontis (or Sea. of Marmara). As Perinthus was a colony
of Samos, the neighbouring 'Hpaiov apparently owed its name
to the Samians, whose tutelary deity was Hera.
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. 31175009758841 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? III ? 4, 5 THIRD OLYNTHIAC 189
"Hpaiov reixos is not quite the same as 'Hpa'iev, nor was the latter
place near to the Chersonese: nor would Philip be yet in a condition to
provoke or menace so powerful a city as Perinthus--though he did so ten
years afterwards (Diodor. xvi 74). I cannot think that we know where
'Hpuiov feixo: was situated, except that it was in Thrace, and near the
Chersonese (Grote c 87 viii 58).
39. 'rrohmpmiv after dmyye? heq: Xen. Hell. vii 5, 10 e? e?
