No More Learning

302, e. , xv. p. 693, c. ; Antiatt.
the soothsayer, he endeavoured to dissuade Alex. p. 98. 26; Suidas, s. v. ; Eudoc. p. 167; Meineke,
ander from crossing the Jaxartes against the Scy- Frag. Com. Graec. vol. i. pp. 420, 421,
pp.
thians, In 328 he fell in battle against the 556–558 ; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. ii. pp. 441,
Bactrian fugitives. (Arr. Anab. iii. 6, 11, 20, 23, 442. )
[P. S. )
28, iv. 4; Diod. xvii. 57; Curt. vi. 4. § 3, vii. 3. ERIPHY'LE ('Epiphan), a daughter of Talaus
§ 2, 4. SS 32-40, 7. SS 6-29, viii. 2. $ 40. ) [E. E. ) and Lysimache, and the wife of Amphiaraus, whom
ERINNA ("Hpivva). There seem to have been she betrayed for the sake of the necklace of Har-
two Greek poetesses of this name. 1. A contem- monia. (Hom. Od. xi. 326 ; Apollod. i. 9. $ 3;
porary and friend of Sappho (about B. C. 612), AMPHIARAUS, ALCMAEON, HARMONIA. ) (LS. )
who died at the age of nineteen, but left behind ERIPHY'LUS, a Greek rhetorician, who is
her poems which were thought worthy to rank mentioned by Quintilian (x. 6. § 4), but is other-
with those of Homer. Her poems were of the epic wise unknown.
(L. S. )
class: the chief of them was entitled 'Hlakátn, ERIS ("Epis), the goddess who calls forth war
the Distaff': it consisted of three hundred lines, of and discord. According to the Iliad, she wanders
which only four are extant. (Stob. Flor. cxviii
. 4; about, at first small and insignificant, but she soon
Athen. vii. p. 283, d. ; Bergk, Poël. Lyr. Graec. p. raises her head up to heaven (iv. 441). She is the
632. ) It was written in a dialect which was a friend and sister of Ares, and with him she de
mixture of the Doric and Aeolic, and which was lights in the tumult of war, increasing the moaning
spoken at Rhodes, where, or in the adjacent island of men. (iv. 445, v. 518, xx, 48. ) She is insatiable
of Telos, Erinna was born. She is also called a in her desire for bloodshed, and after all the other
Lesbian and a Mytilenaean, on account of her re- gods have withdrawn from the battle-field, she
sidence in Lesbos with Sappho. (Suidas, s. v. ; still remains rejoicing over the havoc that has been
Eustath. ad Il. ii. 726, p. 3:26. ) There are several made. (v. 518, xi. 3, &c. , 73. ) According to He-
epigrams upon Erinna, in which her praise is ce- siod (Theog. 225, &c. ), she was a daughter of
lebrated, and her untimely death is lamented. Night, and the poet describes her as the mother
(Brunck, Anal. vol. i. p. 241, n. 81, p. 218, n. 35, vol. ii. of a variety of allegorical beings, which are the
p. 19, n. 47, vol. ij. p. 261, n. 523, 524, vol. ii. p. 460. ) causes or representatives of man's misfortunes. It
The passage last cited, which is from the Ecphrasis was Eris who threw the apple into the assembly
of Christodorus (vv. 108–110) shews, that her of the gods, the cause of so much suffering and
statue was erected in the gymnasium of Zeuxippus war. (Paris. ) Virgil introduces Discordia as a
at Byzantium. Her statue by Naucydes is men- being similar to the Homeric Eris; for Discordia
tioned by Tatian. (Orat. ad Graec. 52, p. 113, appears in company with Mars, Bellona, and the
Worth. ) Three epigrams in the Greek Anthology Furies, and Virgil is evidently imitating Homer.
are ascribed to her (Brunck, Anal. vol. i. p. 58; Ja- | (Aen, viii. 702; Serv. ad Aen. i. 31, vi. 280. ) (L. S. 1
VOL. II.
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50
EROS.
EROS.
ERIU'NIUS ('Epioúrios) or ERINNES, the own daughter Aphrodite, so that Zeus was at once
giver of good fortune, occurs as a surname of Her his father and grandfather. (Virg. Cir. 134. ) Eros
mes, but is also used as a proper name instead of in this stage is always conceived and was always
llermes. (Hom. Il. xxiv. 440, 457, Od. viii. 322; represented as a handsome youth, and it is not
Aristoph. Run. 1143. )
(L. S. ) till about after the time of Alexander the Great
ERO'PHILUS, a distinguished engraver of that Eros is represented by the epigrammatists and
gems, was the son of Dioscorides. He lived, there the erotic poets as a wanton boy, of whom a thou-
fore, under the early Roman emperors. He is only sand tricks and cruel sports are related, and from
known by a beautiful gem, bearing the head of whom neither gods nor men were safe. He is
Augustus, on which his name appears, though generally described as a son of Aphrodite ; but as
partially defaced. (Meyer zu Winckelmann, B. xi. love finds its way into the hearts of men in a man-
c. 2. $ 18, Abbildungen, No. 92; Müller, Arch. d. ner which no one knows, the poets sometimes de
Kunst, $ 200, n. 1. )
[P. S. ) scribe him as of unknown origin (Theocrit. xiii
. 2),
EROʻPON, an officer in the confidence of or they say that he had indeed a mother, but not
Perseus, king of Macedonia, who sent him in B. C. a father. (Meleagt. Epigr. 50. ) In this stage Eros
168 to negotiate an alliance with Eumenes 11. , has nothing to do with uniting the discordant ele-
king of Pergamus, against the Romans. Livy ments of the universe, or the higher sympathy or
says that Eropon had been engaged before on love which binds human kind together; but he is
secret services of the same nature. (Liv. xliv. 24, purely the god of sensual love, who bears sway
27, 28. ) This name should perhaps be substituted over the inhabitants of Olympus as well as over
for Kpvowita in Polyb. xxix, 3. (E. E.
) men and all living creatures : he tames lions and
EROS ("Epws), in Latin, AMOR or CUPIDO, tigers, breaks the thunderbolts of Zeus, deprives
the god of love. “ In the sense in which he is usu- Heracles of his arms, and carries on his sport
ally conceived, Eros is the creature of the later with the monsters of the ser. (Orph. Ilymn. 57;
Greek poets ; and in order to understand the an- Virg. Eclog. x. 29; Mosch. Idyll
. vi. 10; Theocrit
cients properly we must distinguish three Erotes : iii. 15. ) His arms, consisting of arrows, which he
viz. the Eros of the ancient cosmogonies, the Eros carries in a golden quiver, and of torches, no
of the philosophers and mysteries, who bears great one can touch with impunity. (Mosch. Idyll. vi. ;
resemblance to the first, and the Eros whom we Theocrit. xxiii. 4; Ov. Trist. v. 1, 2. 2. ) His ar-
meet with in the epigrammatic and erotic poets, rows are of different power: some are golden, and
whose witty and playful descriptions of the god, kindle love in the heart they wound; others are
however, can scarcely be considered as a part of blunt and heavy with lead, and produce aversion
the ancient religious belief of the Greeks. Homer to a lover. (Ov. Met. i. 468; Eurip. Iphig. Aul.
does not mention Eros, and Hesiod, the earliest | 548. ) Eros is further represented with golden
author that mentions him, describes him as the wings, and as fluttering about like a bird. (Comp.
cosmogonic Eros. First, says Hesiod (Theog. 120, Eustath. ad Hom. p. 987. ) His eyes are some
&c. ), there was Chaos, then came Ge, Tartarus, times covered, so that he acts blindly. (Theocrit.
and Eros, the fairest among the gods, who rules x. 20. ) He is the usual companion of his mother
over the minds and the council of gods and men. Aphrodite, and poets and artists represent him,
In this account we already perceive a combination moreover, as accompanied by such allegorical beings
of the most ancient with later notions. According as Pothos, Himeros, Dionysus, Tyche, Peitho, the
to the former, Eros was one of the fundamental | Charites or Muses. (Pind. ol. i. 41; Anacr.
causes in the formation of the world, inasmuch as xxxiii. 8; Hesiod, Theog. 201; Paus. vi. 24. $ 5,
he was the uniting power of love, which brought vi. 26. $ 3, i. 43. $ 6. ) His statue and that of
order and harmony among the conflicting elements Hermes usually stood in the Greek gymnasia.
of which Chaos consisted. In the same metaphy-(Athen. xiii. p. 551 ; Eustath. ad Hom. p. 1596. )
sical sense he is conceived by Aristotle (Metaph. i. We must especially notice the connexion of
4); and similarly in the Orphic poetry (Orph. Eros with Anteros, with which persons usually con-
Hymn. 5; comp. Aristoph. Av. 695) he is de nect the notion of “Love returned. ” But originally
scribed as the first of the gods, who sprang from Anteros was a being opposed to Eros, and fighting
the world's egg. In Plato's Symposium (p. 178, b) against him. (Paus. i. 30. 1, vi. 23. $ 4. ) This
he is likewise called the oldest of the gods. It is conflict, however, was also conceived as the rivalry
quite in accordance with the notion of the cosmo existing between two lovers, and Anteros accord-
gonic Eros, that he is described as a son of Cronos ingly punished those who did not return the love
and Ge, of Eileithyia, or as a god who had no of others; so that he is the avenging Eros, or a
parentage, and came into existence by himself. deus ultor. (Paus. i. 30. © 1; Ov. Vet. xiii. 750,
(Paus. ix. c. 27. ) The Eros of later poets, on the &c. ; Plat. Phaedr. p. 255, d. ) The number of
other hand, who gave rise to that notion of the Erotes (Amores and Cupidines) is playfully ex-
god which is most familiar to us, is one of the tended ad libitum by later poets, and these Érotes
youngest of all the gods. (Paus. I. c. ; Cic. de Nat. are described either as sons of Aphrodite or of
Deor. iii. 23. ) The parentage of the second Eros nymphs. Among the places distinguished for their
is very differently described, for he is called a son worship of Eros, Thespiae in Boeotia stands fore-
of Aphrodite (either Aphrodite Urania or Aphro most : there bis worship was very ancient, and the
dite Pandemos), or Polymnia, or a son of Porus old representation of the god was a rude stone
and Penia, who was begotten on Aphrodite's birth-(Paus. ix. 27. $ 1), to which in later times, how-
day. (Plat. h. c. ; Sext. Emp. adv. Math. i. 540. ) ever, the most exquisite works of art were added.
According to other genealogies, again, Eros was a (Eustath. ad Hom. p. 266. ) At Thespiae a quin-
son of Hermes by Artemis or Aphrodite, or of quennial festival, the Erotidia or Erotia, were cele
Ares by Aphrodite (Cic. de Nat. Deor. iii. 23), or brated in honour of the god. (Paus. l. c. ; Athen.
of Zephyrus and Iris (Plut. A mat. 20; Eustath. xiii. p. 561. ) Besides Sparta, Samos, and Parion
ad Hom. p. 555), or, lastly, a son of Zeus by his on the Hellespont, he was also worshipped at


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EROTIANUS.
ERYNANTHUS.
51
Athens, where he had an altar at the entrance of | 8vo. Greek and Latin, containing also the glos.
the Academy. (Paus. i. 30. § 1. ) At Megara his saries of Galen and Herodotus, a learned and
statue, together with those of Himeros and Pothos, copious commentary, and good indices. It has also
stood in the temple of Aphrodite. (Paus. i. 43. $ 6, been published with soine editions of the works of
comp. iii. 26. § 3, vi. 24. § 5, vii. 26. § 3. ) Hippocrates.
(W. A. G. )
Among the things sacred to Eros, and which fre EROʻTIUS, ricarius and quaestor, one of the
quently appear with him in works of art, we may commission of Sixteen, appointed by Theodosius
mention the rose, wild beasts which are tamed by | in A. D. 435, to compile the Theodosian Code.
him, the hare, the cock, and the ram. Eros was a He does not appear, however, to have taken any
favourite subject with the ancient statuaries, but distinguished part in its composition. (DIODORUS,
his representation seems to have been brought to vol. i. p. 1018. )
(J. T. G. )
perfection by Praxiteles, who conceived him as a ERUÄCIA GENS, plebeian. Only one member
full-grown youth of the most perfect beauty. (Lu- of this gens is mentioned in the time of the repub-
cian, Am. ii. 17; Plin. H. N. xxxvi. 4, 5. ) In lic, namely, C.