Brigid,
venerated
3"
at the 14th of March.
at the 14th of March.
O'Hanlon - Lives of the Irish Saints - v8
, xx Janvier, p.
495.
"> See "Gazetteer of the World," vol. ix. ,
105.
8 See it noted on Black's "General Atlas
Saints,"
tome
x. ,
of the World," sheet 14.
9 See Adrien Baillet's "Vies des
tome ii. , p. 326.
Saints,"
elevation,
300
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [August 20
10
Bertrand, intheyear623,thevirtuesandtalentsofHadouin,unitedtohis
distinction of family, caused him to be chosen as Bishop over the church of Mans. " With one single exception, all his predecessors in that see are honoured as saints by the Church. Soon after Hadouin's consecration, he seems to have made the
of or 12 a acquaintance Lonegisilus Leonogisilus,
holy German exile, who had left his noble and wealthy parents. These
desired to have him continue a pagan. However, he resolved on embracing
the Christian Religion, and having sought the companionship of Christians,
he was instructed in letters by them, and baptised. Afterwards, he greatly desired to build a cell or monastery for himself; and going to Mans, he was
most graciously received by Hadoind, to whom he opened his mind, and subsequently he visited Buxiacum. ^ There, the clergy and people desired
him to remain, and they were willing to aid him in erecting a monastery. When he sought Hadoind to obtain his permission, the holy bishop greatly
approved
that
project,
and
giving
thanks to God ordained him a '< priest.
Hadoind also bestowed the canonical village of Buxiacum, with its lands and
appurtenances, to Lonegisilus, with the condition, that these were to be subject
to the mother church of Mans, as also the monastery, with all its possession, which might accrue in future times. To this condition Lonegesilus agreed, and a deed was prepared,^ to prove the fact ; while it was attested by a notary of King Clotaire, and who is named Count Buccellinus. 16 His elec- tion was confirmed by Clotaire II. *? . , nor was the See long vacant, it is thought, before Hadouin took possession. About eighteen or twenty months
after his consecration, the First Council of Mans was a. d. ,8 held, 625. .
At that he assisted ; and in it were framed twenty-five disciplinary canons or rules. Among the many holy prelates assembled at that . council were St. Sulpicius of Bourges, St. Arnoul, of Metz, St. Modoald of Treves, and St. Cunibert of Cologne. ^ When he became bishop, Hardouin laboured energetically to promote religion throughout his diocese. He founded several monasteries, and he took care to have their inmates live in the strict observance of rule. He was chiefly instrumental in establishing the monastery of Boisseliere, of which St. Longils became the first Abbot. Well knowing that study and science should distinguish the clergy, Hadouin was specially desirous of preserving for his diocese the memory of those great exemplars of virtue, who flourished in the Church of Mans before his time. He caused one of his diocesan clergy to write the Acts of St. Domnole for
10 This holy Bishop ruled for a long time
over the See of Mans. He died in extreme
old age, June 30th, in the year 623. He is
honoured, likewise, on the 6th of June, and
on the 3rd of July.
" See "Histoire Literaire de France,"
tome iii. , vii. siecle, p. 548.
12
This holy Abbot of Boisseliere is vene- rated on the 2nd of April. He is also called St. Longis. He attained a great age, and died about the year 653.
13 Also called Buxiacus or Buxidus (Bois-
selicre), in Le Sonnois, at Mans, and where a parish church had been dedicated to St.
Lonegisilus.
14 These
deed of Lonegisilus, executed A. D. 625, and about it, in his work, Chonicle, lib. ii. , to be found in the "Vetera Analecta," cap. v.
particulars
are known from the
prelates present,
and all we really know
I9 Literaire de edited by Father John Mabillon, tomus iii. , See "Histoire
France," p. 151. tome iii. , vii. siecle, pp. 532 to 534.
j s This document thus ends: "Actum
Sagonna (Sogne) mallo publico. Data viii. Kalendas Decembris, anno xlii. (sic legen- dum videtur, non lii. ) regnante Chlothario rege. "
,6 See Mabillon's "Annales Ordinis S.
Benedict! ," tomus i. , lib. xi. , num. I, pp.
330, 331.
ll He died about the commencement of
the year 628, at the age of forty-four, and he was buried at Saint-Germain-des-Pres,
"
Histoire de France," tome ii. , Premiere Partie,
near Paris. See Henri Martin's liv. x. , pp. 133,134.
l8
Flodoard gives the names of the
August 20. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 301
the edification of those coming after him. Furthermore, Bishop Hadouin
applied to the collection of Lives and Legends of Saints, who had then
acquired a great reputation for extraordinary virtues, especially in the churches of Gaul. It is only just to suppose, that to his zeal and diligence, the
preservation is due of many historic accounts, regarding those pious
who have rendered the Church of Mans so illustrious — personages, among
all other—s in that part of France. 20 In a place formerly called Aurion now Evron 2I the holy Bishop built a church and a monastery. These were dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary, for whom he entertained a most tender devotion. It is stated, that Hadouind was induced to establish those foundations, owing to a vision he had with regard to relics brought to that
22 The first Abbot set over that
Hadouin caused monks from the Abbeys of St. Vincent and of St. Peter and St. Paul, at Mans, to take up their residence in that house. There they lived, under the rule of St. Benedict, and in their church the Divine office was regularly recited. From the year 632 to 636, wars had prevailed between the Franks and Bretons, while the diocese of Mans frequently became the theatreofsuchhostilities. Duringthesedisorders,thechurchesandmonas- teries were pillaged. So far as he could effect it, Bishop Hardouin laboured to restore their fallen state, and especially did he endeavour to repair the monasteries, then the chief cradles of religion and civilization. For such worksofpiety,hehasreceivedtheeulogiesofmanyancienthistorians. Think- ing his death was near, in the fifth year of the reign of Clovis II. , he prudently resolved to settle all his worldly affairs, so that his mind should be turned with greater freedom to dwell on the rewards he expected in a better life. On the 6th of February, a. d. 642, the Bishop made his will, in which he bequeathed rich gifts to his monastery of Notre- Dame at Evron, and in which all his property was left to the mother-church, and to the principal
monasteries of the city and diocese of Mans. The executors of this will
2
were Bodilon, a kinsman, and Audrann. 3 In the year 644, no less than twelve
ecclesiastical divisions in the kingdom 01 Clovis II. were represented in the Third Council of Chalons on the Saone ? * but as our saint could not assist in person, he sent thither the Abbot Chagnoald in his name. 25 He lived for many years afterwards ; but, as the exact duration of his episcopacy has
place by
a
pilgrim.
monastery
was
Agobert.
not been determined, the number cannot be stated with
certainty.
26 The
fullest Life of St. Domnole,2? Bishop of Mans, and who died in 581, was
written during the episcopacy of St. Hadoin, his successor, and at the request
of this latter prelate by an anonymous author, probably one of the clergy
belonging to the church of Mans. 28
20 "
See the Petits Bollandistes, Les Vies
des Saints," tome x. , xx. jour d'Aout, p.
93.
31 " A dix lieues du Mans. " Baillet's
"Les Vies des Saints," tome viii. , xx. Aoust, p. 650.
Towards the closing years of Hadouin's
ajoutent encore une annee, trompez sans doute par une mauvaise edition de la vie de notre saint, qui par une autre erasur porte que sa mort arriva le xx. jour de Janvier. Suivant la second opinion qui nous paroit la plus vraisemblable, nous croyons que saint Chadouin mourut l'an 653, parce qu'il semble qu'il avoit ete ordonne 6veque vers la fin du mois d'Aoust de l'an 623, deux mois environ apres la mort de saint Bertran son
et non— au mois de predecesseur, pas Janvier
22
See Mabillon's "Annales Ordinis S.
Benedicti," tomus i. , lib. xi. , num. li. , p.
331.
23 See Mabillon's "Vetera Analecta,"
tomus iii. ,
160.
24 See Adrien Baillet's "Les Vies des de l'annee suivante. " Adrien Baillet's "Les
p.
Saints," tome viii. , pp. 650, 651.
2s See Mabillon's "Annales Ordinis S.
Benedicti," tomus i. , lib. xiii. , num. xxx.
26 "Les uns veulent qu'elle ait £t. e de 47 ans onze mois et 24 jours, les autres de 29
Vies des Saints," &c, tome viii. , xx. Aoust,
p. 651.
a? Venerated on the 6th of May.
28 See " Histoire Literaire de la France,
ans onze mois et d'autres 23 jours,
y
29 This seems to have
preceded
the
great
tome iii. , vii. siecle, p. 548.
3o2 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [August 20.
life, and in the year 651, a great famine prevailed in Gaul. *9 Soon afterwards, a dreadful pestilence followed it, and this proved to be so malignant and contagious, that its death-bearing results were terrible to all there living. St. Hadouin died on the twelfth day of the September Kalends, August 20th, about the year 653 or 654. According to his desire, this holy Bishop was interred in the basilica of St. Victorius. Nevertheless, according to his will, he desired interment in the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, formerly known as the Church of the Apostles, and which had been built or restored bySt. Bertram However,itissupposed,thatfromthechurchofSt. Victor, the remains of St. Chadoin had been transferred to that more ancient church
of the Apostles, where many of the preceding bishops of Mans had been buried. In the Martyrology of Castellan, the holy Bishop called Chadoin or Haduin, Bishop of Mans, is commemorated on the 20th of August ; and, at this day, the Bollandists enter his feast, 3° on the same authority, although they notice another festival for him, and a commemoration at the 20th of
1
January. In the time of the Emperor Louis le Debonnaire,* the remains of
St. Julien, St. Turibe, St. Pavas, and St. Liboire were found in the old Church of the Apostles, with those of St. Hadouin. The remains of the latter holy Bishop 3 2 were better preserved than those of the others. Then St. Aldric 33 solemnly transferred the remains of all those saints to the cathedral, dedic—ated
to St. Gervais and St. Protais
and — elevated those of St. having Julien
as the first bishop and apostle of that district on a credence, which stood on the right side of the high altar, the remains of the other saints were deposited in a less conspicuous position. That translation of the saints' bodies, on the 25th of July, was afterwards annually commemorated in the diocese of
Mans. 3* TherethememoryofSt. Hadouinisespeciallyhonoured.
Article V. —Reputed Feast of St. Brigid, at Fesula, Italy.
;
[Aint/i Century. . ] The present St. Brigid is to be distinguished from the 1
holy Patroness of Ireland, so named, and from another St.
Brigid, venerated 3"
at the 14th of March. In Dempster's Menologium Scotorum,"3 at the 2 oth of August, there is a feast set down for St. Brigid, a noble Scottish virgin, who came to her brother St. Andrew,* an Archdeacon, in a miraculous manner. He lived in the mountains at Fesula in Italy, with St. Donatus. s
Buidhe Connail or Yellow Plague, in Ireland and Great Britain, and which pre- vailed A. D. 664. See Dr. O'Donovan's "Annals of the Four Masters, vol. i. , pp.
to 277, and nn. r, s, t, u, w,) ibid.
"
Miscellaneous Works of Venerable Bede," vol. ii. , " Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum,"
lib. Hi. , cap. xxvii. , pp. 380, 381.
30 See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus iv.
Augusti xx. Among the pretermitted feasts,
"Les Vies des Saints," tome x. , xxe jour d'Aout, p. 94.
33 He was the twenty-third Bishop of Mans.
34 See Adrien Baillet's "Les Vies des
274
(q. See also Rev. J. A. Giles'
Saints," tome, viii. , xx. Aoust. , p. 642. *
p. 2.
"xx. In mon- 31 Son of the celebrated Charlemagne, tibus Foesulanis Brigidae virginis, qua? ad
who reigned from A. D. 814 to 840, when he died on the 20th of June. See Henri Martin's " Histoire de France," tome ii. , liv. xiv. , pp. 365 to 408.
32 His body was found to be rose or flesh
coloured, about two hundred years after his
death. Moreover, the pontifical dress, in which he had been buried, was still entire and undecayed. See Les Petits Bollandistes.
fratrem suum Archidiaconum S. Andream e
Scotia venit, et magna Christianae vita?
Article v. — See her Life in the
Second Volume of this work, at the 1st of
February, Art i.
2
See the Third Volume of this work, at
that date. Art. ix. — 3 The entry is as follows :
continentia hie obiit. B. "—Bishop Forbes'
"
Kalendars of Scottish Saints," p. 209.
4 See his Life, in the present volume, at the 22nd of August.
s The feast of St. Donatus, Bishop of Fiesole occurs on the 22nd of October, where his Life may be found.
August 20.
1
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
303
We have already treated about the holy virgin St. Brigid, who lived in a
6
hermitage near the source of the little river Sieci, where during her old age,
she sought in a thick forest, among the higher Apennines, a place where she mightleadasolitarylife. Thereshedesiredtolive,inpenitenceandprayer.
She found a cave,? at a lonely place called Opacum, near Lobaco, high among the mountains. 8 There she passed a term of years, and died, during the latterhalfoftheninthcentury. 9 Theinhabitantsofthatcountry,venerating her as a saint, buried her remains, and built a church in her name, on the site of her hermitage. This was called S. Brigida. Her Natalis was cele- brated there in after years with great solemnity. The Pieve or parochial district of Lobaco owns two filial parishes, St. Brigid at Lobaco, and St.
Minatus at Pagnoli. Again, there is an ancient Church of San Martino, of
Tours, beneath the shelter of the walls of Castel Lobaco IQ and here, also, the ;
memory of our Irish St. Brigid was held in especial reverence. In his
"
festival was observed on the 1st of February, that she was renowned for
sanctity in 802, that she was miraculously brought to Italy, that her writings
have perished, and that he is unable to find when she died. It seems very piobable, however, that our Irish St. Brigid's festival abroad may have been confoundedwiththatofthegreatSt. Brigid,PatronessofIreland; otherwise it is difficult to conceive how such a coincidence could have occurred, as to cause both their feasts to fall on the same day.
Article VI. —Reputed Feast of Donart, Bishop of Murthlac andAberdeen,Scotland. TheScottishhistorianHectorBoecealluding
of Murthlach and states, that he was Aberdeen,
Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Scotorum,"" Dempster asserts, that her
to 1 a former Bean,
bishop
succeeded in that sacred office by Donortius, who lived in the see for no less
than forty-two years, and who died with the reputation of sanctity. Camerarius2
6 In the Florentine Val d'Arno, and sur-
rounded by the most romantic mountain
scenery.
7 In her delightful volume, " Six Months
in the Apennines," Miss Margaret Stokes has furnished a faithful description of it in her
Letter from Florence, dated January, 1890, pp. 270 to 276.
8 St. Brigid's hermitage is near the present church of the Madonna del Sasso. A path and a flight of steps lead down to it from the priest's garden. A little altar in the side of that cave now be—ars the inscription,
I0 The present little church of S. Martino in Baco rises beneath the old low square tower of Castel Lobaco, and near it is a grove of tall cypress trees. The church is a simple quadrangular building, without transepts or side aisles ; the porch and a tiny round apse at the east end, with an old baptismal font on the north wall, are the only features of interest it now possesses, The priest's house and garden are annexed to it. An engraving, Fig. 92, Church ot St. Brigid at Lobaco, is to be found in Miss Margaret Stokes' very interesting book ; as also another, 91, San
:
sculptured on a shield Fig. representing
11
Grotta nella quale S. Brigida sorella di S. Donato
Faceva penitentiis nel secolo nono. "
Martino a Lobaco, with an outline sketch of the surrounding scene.
However, a mistake has occurred here, in
to have founded the episcopal See of Mart- hillach (Mortlach) in the seventh year of his reign, and to have nominated Beyn to be
making St. Brigid sister of St. Donatus, and
not, as was the case, to his Archdeacon St. its first bishop. See Joannis de Fordun,
Andrew. An of the cave, engraving
" Chronica Gentis Scotorum," lib. iv. ,
Fig. 93, may be seen in Miss Stokes' work, at
cap. xl. , pp. 182, 183. The English translation
of this edition has his notice, at p. 175.
2 Thus at the 19th of August, in his Calen- Months in the Apennines," pp. 250 to dar is entered "Sanctus (sic) Donotius
p. 275.
9 See Miss Margaret Stokes' "Six
253. Episcopus
Aberdonensis. "
"
i. —, lib. ii. , num. 166, '
See tomus
Article VI. King Malcolm is said
p.
93.
W\
304 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [August 20.
andDempsternoticehimatthe19thand20thofAugust. Ferrariusand Castellanappeartoacceptthemasauthorities. TheBollandists,whofound his name inscribed at the 19th of August, in a Manuscript Kalendar of Irish Saints which they possessed, still notice him at this date,4 but they cautiously refrain from placing Donortius among the Beatified. 5 His period is said to havebeena. d. 1098. However,wearetold,hishistoryrestsonthedoubtful authorities of Dempster, Camerarius, Conseus and Leslie, drawing their infor-
6
Article VII. —Reputed Festival of St. Stolbrand, Martyr,
1
Island of May, Scotland. [Ninth Century. . ] According to Camerarius, St. Stolbrandus was a Bishop and Martyr, massacred by the Danes in the Island of May,2 Scotland. The Bollandists have a notice of him, at the 20th of August, quoting that author. 3 However, we can only refer to what has been already written, at the 4th of March,4 regarding St. Adrian and his com- panions, martyrs at that same place, and in the ninth century.
Article VIII. —Commemoration of St. Malachy O'Morgair,
Archbishop of Armagh. [Twelfth Century]. The additions to Usuard
1
enter a commemoration for St. Malachy O'Morgair, whose chief feast is cele-
bratedonthe3rdofNovember,accordingtotheRomanMartyrology. The
2
Bollandists thus note the present feast.
Article IX. —Festival of the Martyrdom of Dioscorus, Martyr
at Alexandria. At the 20th of August, the Irish Church commemorated
St. Dioscorus, Martyr, at Alexandria, as we find him eulogized by St. ^Engus, in the " Feilire. " 1 To this entry of his name, a comment has been added. 2
mation from Boece.
3" atthe2 totheof
In his Menologium Scotorum,"
20th of August, we find " Aberdoniae
Donortii Murthlacensis, S. episcopi qui
According Breviary Aberdeen, Pars Hyemalis, fol. lxii. b.
3 See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus iv. , Augusti xx. Among the pretermitted saints,
Beano successit. B. "—Bishop Forbes' " Ka- lendars of Scottish Saints," pp. 209 and p. 2.
239.
* See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus iv. ,
Augustixx. AmongthepretermittedSaints,
4 See the Third Volume of this work, at
4th of March, Art. —ii.
l
,
p.
See the Eleventh Volume of this work for his Life, at the 3rd
2.
s Thus the opinion is written : "Utinam
Article viii. of November, Art. i.
nobis licuisset inspicere documenta e quibus ilium accepit Ferrarius, vel addidisset ipse-
2
See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus iv. , Augusti xx. Among the pretermitted feasts,
met, cujus temporis ac notoe ea fuerint ; quae
siquidem satis antiqua ac bona esse con-
staret, praesulem hunc aliis Sanctis annume- stanza is transcribed from Leabhar Breac
rassemus : verum quia novimus, hagiologos quosdam nimis esse faciles ac profuse libera- les in multiplicando titulum sancti ; liceat nobis desiderare certiora testimonia, quibus verus, legitimus ac religiosus hujus viri cultus antiquus et immemorabilis stabiliri
queat. "
6 See Bishop Forbes' " Kalendars of
'
copy : the English translation furnished by Whitley Stokes, LL. D. :—
nochef mop "OiAfcopup dp Cropc cmj; Afpervou pAwpit bpeo ip&mpu CoinoppUiAjuo 501-011.
Scottish Saints,"— 326. p.
' Article vii. At
with a
Sanc- fair host" Transactions of the Royal
Irish Academy,"Irish ManuscriptSeries, vol. i. , part i. On the Calendar of Oengus, p. cxxiv.
August, in his Calendar is entered tusStolbrandusEpiscopusetMartyraDanis in Maia Insula.
"> See "Gazetteer of the World," vol. ix. ,
105.
8 See it noted on Black's "General Atlas
Saints,"
tome
x. ,
of the World," sheet 14.
9 See Adrien Baillet's "Vies des
tome ii. , p. 326.
Saints,"
elevation,
300
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [August 20
10
Bertrand, intheyear623,thevirtuesandtalentsofHadouin,unitedtohis
distinction of family, caused him to be chosen as Bishop over the church of Mans. " With one single exception, all his predecessors in that see are honoured as saints by the Church. Soon after Hadouin's consecration, he seems to have made the
of or 12 a acquaintance Lonegisilus Leonogisilus,
holy German exile, who had left his noble and wealthy parents. These
desired to have him continue a pagan. However, he resolved on embracing
the Christian Religion, and having sought the companionship of Christians,
he was instructed in letters by them, and baptised. Afterwards, he greatly desired to build a cell or monastery for himself; and going to Mans, he was
most graciously received by Hadoind, to whom he opened his mind, and subsequently he visited Buxiacum. ^ There, the clergy and people desired
him to remain, and they were willing to aid him in erecting a monastery. When he sought Hadoind to obtain his permission, the holy bishop greatly
approved
that
project,
and
giving
thanks to God ordained him a '< priest.
Hadoind also bestowed the canonical village of Buxiacum, with its lands and
appurtenances, to Lonegisilus, with the condition, that these were to be subject
to the mother church of Mans, as also the monastery, with all its possession, which might accrue in future times. To this condition Lonegesilus agreed, and a deed was prepared,^ to prove the fact ; while it was attested by a notary of King Clotaire, and who is named Count Buccellinus. 16 His elec- tion was confirmed by Clotaire II. *? . , nor was the See long vacant, it is thought, before Hadouin took possession. About eighteen or twenty months
after his consecration, the First Council of Mans was a. d. ,8 held, 625. .
At that he assisted ; and in it were framed twenty-five disciplinary canons or rules. Among the many holy prelates assembled at that . council were St. Sulpicius of Bourges, St. Arnoul, of Metz, St. Modoald of Treves, and St. Cunibert of Cologne. ^ When he became bishop, Hardouin laboured energetically to promote religion throughout his diocese. He founded several monasteries, and he took care to have their inmates live in the strict observance of rule. He was chiefly instrumental in establishing the monastery of Boisseliere, of which St. Longils became the first Abbot. Well knowing that study and science should distinguish the clergy, Hadouin was specially desirous of preserving for his diocese the memory of those great exemplars of virtue, who flourished in the Church of Mans before his time. He caused one of his diocesan clergy to write the Acts of St. Domnole for
10 This holy Bishop ruled for a long time
over the See of Mans. He died in extreme
old age, June 30th, in the year 623. He is
honoured, likewise, on the 6th of June, and
on the 3rd of July.
" See "Histoire Literaire de France,"
tome iii. , vii. siecle, p. 548.
12
This holy Abbot of Boisseliere is vene- rated on the 2nd of April. He is also called St. Longis. He attained a great age, and died about the year 653.
13 Also called Buxiacus or Buxidus (Bois-
selicre), in Le Sonnois, at Mans, and where a parish church had been dedicated to St.
Lonegisilus.
14 These
deed of Lonegisilus, executed A. D. 625, and about it, in his work, Chonicle, lib. ii. , to be found in the "Vetera Analecta," cap. v.
particulars
are known from the
prelates present,
and all we really know
I9 Literaire de edited by Father John Mabillon, tomus iii. , See "Histoire
France," p. 151. tome iii. , vii. siecle, pp. 532 to 534.
j s This document thus ends: "Actum
Sagonna (Sogne) mallo publico. Data viii. Kalendas Decembris, anno xlii. (sic legen- dum videtur, non lii. ) regnante Chlothario rege. "
,6 See Mabillon's "Annales Ordinis S.
Benedict! ," tomus i. , lib. xi. , num. I, pp.
330, 331.
ll He died about the commencement of
the year 628, at the age of forty-four, and he was buried at Saint-Germain-des-Pres,
"
Histoire de France," tome ii. , Premiere Partie,
near Paris. See Henri Martin's liv. x. , pp. 133,134.
l8
Flodoard gives the names of the
August 20. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 301
the edification of those coming after him. Furthermore, Bishop Hadouin
applied to the collection of Lives and Legends of Saints, who had then
acquired a great reputation for extraordinary virtues, especially in the churches of Gaul. It is only just to suppose, that to his zeal and diligence, the
preservation is due of many historic accounts, regarding those pious
who have rendered the Church of Mans so illustrious — personages, among
all other—s in that part of France. 20 In a place formerly called Aurion now Evron 2I the holy Bishop built a church and a monastery. These were dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary, for whom he entertained a most tender devotion. It is stated, that Hadouind was induced to establish those foundations, owing to a vision he had with regard to relics brought to that
22 The first Abbot set over that
Hadouin caused monks from the Abbeys of St. Vincent and of St. Peter and St. Paul, at Mans, to take up their residence in that house. There they lived, under the rule of St. Benedict, and in their church the Divine office was regularly recited. From the year 632 to 636, wars had prevailed between the Franks and Bretons, while the diocese of Mans frequently became the theatreofsuchhostilities. Duringthesedisorders,thechurchesandmonas- teries were pillaged. So far as he could effect it, Bishop Hardouin laboured to restore their fallen state, and especially did he endeavour to repair the monasteries, then the chief cradles of religion and civilization. For such worksofpiety,hehasreceivedtheeulogiesofmanyancienthistorians. Think- ing his death was near, in the fifth year of the reign of Clovis II. , he prudently resolved to settle all his worldly affairs, so that his mind should be turned with greater freedom to dwell on the rewards he expected in a better life. On the 6th of February, a. d. 642, the Bishop made his will, in which he bequeathed rich gifts to his monastery of Notre- Dame at Evron, and in which all his property was left to the mother-church, and to the principal
monasteries of the city and diocese of Mans. The executors of this will
2
were Bodilon, a kinsman, and Audrann. 3 In the year 644, no less than twelve
ecclesiastical divisions in the kingdom 01 Clovis II. were represented in the Third Council of Chalons on the Saone ? * but as our saint could not assist in person, he sent thither the Abbot Chagnoald in his name. 25 He lived for many years afterwards ; but, as the exact duration of his episcopacy has
place by
a
pilgrim.
monastery
was
Agobert.
not been determined, the number cannot be stated with
certainty.
26 The
fullest Life of St. Domnole,2? Bishop of Mans, and who died in 581, was
written during the episcopacy of St. Hadoin, his successor, and at the request
of this latter prelate by an anonymous author, probably one of the clergy
belonging to the church of Mans. 28
20 "
See the Petits Bollandistes, Les Vies
des Saints," tome x. , xx. jour d'Aout, p.
93.
31 " A dix lieues du Mans. " Baillet's
"Les Vies des Saints," tome viii. , xx. Aoust, p. 650.
Towards the closing years of Hadouin's
ajoutent encore une annee, trompez sans doute par une mauvaise edition de la vie de notre saint, qui par une autre erasur porte que sa mort arriva le xx. jour de Janvier. Suivant la second opinion qui nous paroit la plus vraisemblable, nous croyons que saint Chadouin mourut l'an 653, parce qu'il semble qu'il avoit ete ordonne 6veque vers la fin du mois d'Aoust de l'an 623, deux mois environ apres la mort de saint Bertran son
et non— au mois de predecesseur, pas Janvier
22
See Mabillon's "Annales Ordinis S.
Benedicti," tomus i. , lib. xi. , num. li. , p.
331.
23 See Mabillon's "Vetera Analecta,"
tomus iii. ,
160.
24 See Adrien Baillet's "Les Vies des de l'annee suivante. " Adrien Baillet's "Les
p.
Saints," tome viii. , pp. 650, 651.
2s See Mabillon's "Annales Ordinis S.
Benedicti," tomus i. , lib. xiii. , num. xxx.
26 "Les uns veulent qu'elle ait £t. e de 47 ans onze mois et 24 jours, les autres de 29
Vies des Saints," &c, tome viii. , xx. Aoust,
p. 651.
a? Venerated on the 6th of May.
28 See " Histoire Literaire de la France,
ans onze mois et d'autres 23 jours,
y
29 This seems to have
preceded
the
great
tome iii. , vii. siecle, p. 548.
3o2 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [August 20.
life, and in the year 651, a great famine prevailed in Gaul. *9 Soon afterwards, a dreadful pestilence followed it, and this proved to be so malignant and contagious, that its death-bearing results were terrible to all there living. St. Hadouin died on the twelfth day of the September Kalends, August 20th, about the year 653 or 654. According to his desire, this holy Bishop was interred in the basilica of St. Victorius. Nevertheless, according to his will, he desired interment in the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, formerly known as the Church of the Apostles, and which had been built or restored bySt. Bertram However,itissupposed,thatfromthechurchofSt. Victor, the remains of St. Chadoin had been transferred to that more ancient church
of the Apostles, where many of the preceding bishops of Mans had been buried. In the Martyrology of Castellan, the holy Bishop called Chadoin or Haduin, Bishop of Mans, is commemorated on the 20th of August ; and, at this day, the Bollandists enter his feast, 3° on the same authority, although they notice another festival for him, and a commemoration at the 20th of
1
January. In the time of the Emperor Louis le Debonnaire,* the remains of
St. Julien, St. Turibe, St. Pavas, and St. Liboire were found in the old Church of the Apostles, with those of St. Hadouin. The remains of the latter holy Bishop 3 2 were better preserved than those of the others. Then St. Aldric 33 solemnly transferred the remains of all those saints to the cathedral, dedic—ated
to St. Gervais and St. Protais
and — elevated those of St. having Julien
as the first bishop and apostle of that district on a credence, which stood on the right side of the high altar, the remains of the other saints were deposited in a less conspicuous position. That translation of the saints' bodies, on the 25th of July, was afterwards annually commemorated in the diocese of
Mans. 3* TherethememoryofSt. Hadouinisespeciallyhonoured.
Article V. —Reputed Feast of St. Brigid, at Fesula, Italy.
;
[Aint/i Century. . ] The present St. Brigid is to be distinguished from the 1
holy Patroness of Ireland, so named, and from another St.
Brigid, venerated 3"
at the 14th of March. In Dempster's Menologium Scotorum,"3 at the 2 oth of August, there is a feast set down for St. Brigid, a noble Scottish virgin, who came to her brother St. Andrew,* an Archdeacon, in a miraculous manner. He lived in the mountains at Fesula in Italy, with St. Donatus. s
Buidhe Connail or Yellow Plague, in Ireland and Great Britain, and which pre- vailed A. D. 664. See Dr. O'Donovan's "Annals of the Four Masters, vol. i. , pp.
to 277, and nn. r, s, t, u, w,) ibid.
"
Miscellaneous Works of Venerable Bede," vol. ii. , " Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum,"
lib. Hi. , cap. xxvii. , pp. 380, 381.
30 See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus iv.
Augusti xx. Among the pretermitted feasts,
"Les Vies des Saints," tome x. , xxe jour d'Aout, p. 94.
33 He was the twenty-third Bishop of Mans.
34 See Adrien Baillet's "Les Vies des
274
(q. See also Rev. J. A. Giles'
Saints," tome, viii. , xx. Aoust. , p. 642. *
p. 2.
"xx. In mon- 31 Son of the celebrated Charlemagne, tibus Foesulanis Brigidae virginis, qua? ad
who reigned from A. D. 814 to 840, when he died on the 20th of June. See Henri Martin's " Histoire de France," tome ii. , liv. xiv. , pp. 365 to 408.
32 His body was found to be rose or flesh
coloured, about two hundred years after his
death. Moreover, the pontifical dress, in which he had been buried, was still entire and undecayed. See Les Petits Bollandistes.
fratrem suum Archidiaconum S. Andream e
Scotia venit, et magna Christianae vita?
Article v. — See her Life in the
Second Volume of this work, at the 1st of
February, Art i.
2
See the Third Volume of this work, at
that date. Art. ix. — 3 The entry is as follows :
continentia hie obiit. B. "—Bishop Forbes'
"
Kalendars of Scottish Saints," p. 209.
4 See his Life, in the present volume, at the 22nd of August.
s The feast of St. Donatus, Bishop of Fiesole occurs on the 22nd of October, where his Life may be found.
August 20.
1
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
303
We have already treated about the holy virgin St. Brigid, who lived in a
6
hermitage near the source of the little river Sieci, where during her old age,
she sought in a thick forest, among the higher Apennines, a place where she mightleadasolitarylife. Thereshedesiredtolive,inpenitenceandprayer.
She found a cave,? at a lonely place called Opacum, near Lobaco, high among the mountains. 8 There she passed a term of years, and died, during the latterhalfoftheninthcentury. 9 Theinhabitantsofthatcountry,venerating her as a saint, buried her remains, and built a church in her name, on the site of her hermitage. This was called S. Brigida. Her Natalis was cele- brated there in after years with great solemnity. The Pieve or parochial district of Lobaco owns two filial parishes, St. Brigid at Lobaco, and St.
Minatus at Pagnoli. Again, there is an ancient Church of San Martino, of
Tours, beneath the shelter of the walls of Castel Lobaco IQ and here, also, the ;
memory of our Irish St. Brigid was held in especial reverence. In his
"
festival was observed on the 1st of February, that she was renowned for
sanctity in 802, that she was miraculously brought to Italy, that her writings
have perished, and that he is unable to find when she died. It seems very piobable, however, that our Irish St. Brigid's festival abroad may have been confoundedwiththatofthegreatSt. Brigid,PatronessofIreland; otherwise it is difficult to conceive how such a coincidence could have occurred, as to cause both their feasts to fall on the same day.
Article VI. —Reputed Feast of Donart, Bishop of Murthlac andAberdeen,Scotland. TheScottishhistorianHectorBoecealluding
of Murthlach and states, that he was Aberdeen,
Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Scotorum,"" Dempster asserts, that her
to 1 a former Bean,
bishop
succeeded in that sacred office by Donortius, who lived in the see for no less
than forty-two years, and who died with the reputation of sanctity. Camerarius2
6 In the Florentine Val d'Arno, and sur-
rounded by the most romantic mountain
scenery.
7 In her delightful volume, " Six Months
in the Apennines," Miss Margaret Stokes has furnished a faithful description of it in her
Letter from Florence, dated January, 1890, pp. 270 to 276.
8 St. Brigid's hermitage is near the present church of the Madonna del Sasso. A path and a flight of steps lead down to it from the priest's garden. A little altar in the side of that cave now be—ars the inscription,
I0 The present little church of S. Martino in Baco rises beneath the old low square tower of Castel Lobaco, and near it is a grove of tall cypress trees. The church is a simple quadrangular building, without transepts or side aisles ; the porch and a tiny round apse at the east end, with an old baptismal font on the north wall, are the only features of interest it now possesses, The priest's house and garden are annexed to it. An engraving, Fig. 92, Church ot St. Brigid at Lobaco, is to be found in Miss Margaret Stokes' very interesting book ; as also another, 91, San
:
sculptured on a shield Fig. representing
11
Grotta nella quale S. Brigida sorella di S. Donato
Faceva penitentiis nel secolo nono. "
Martino a Lobaco, with an outline sketch of the surrounding scene.
However, a mistake has occurred here, in
to have founded the episcopal See of Mart- hillach (Mortlach) in the seventh year of his reign, and to have nominated Beyn to be
making St. Brigid sister of St. Donatus, and
not, as was the case, to his Archdeacon St. its first bishop. See Joannis de Fordun,
Andrew. An of the cave, engraving
" Chronica Gentis Scotorum," lib. iv. ,
Fig. 93, may be seen in Miss Stokes' work, at
cap. xl. , pp. 182, 183. The English translation
of this edition has his notice, at p. 175.
2 Thus at the 19th of August, in his Calen- Months in the Apennines," pp. 250 to dar is entered "Sanctus (sic) Donotius
p. 275.
9 See Miss Margaret Stokes' "Six
253. Episcopus
Aberdonensis. "
"
i. —, lib. ii. , num. 166, '
See tomus
Article VI. King Malcolm is said
p.
93.
W\
304 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [August 20.
andDempsternoticehimatthe19thand20thofAugust. Ferrariusand Castellanappeartoacceptthemasauthorities. TheBollandists,whofound his name inscribed at the 19th of August, in a Manuscript Kalendar of Irish Saints which they possessed, still notice him at this date,4 but they cautiously refrain from placing Donortius among the Beatified. 5 His period is said to havebeena. d. 1098. However,wearetold,hishistoryrestsonthedoubtful authorities of Dempster, Camerarius, Conseus and Leslie, drawing their infor-
6
Article VII. —Reputed Festival of St. Stolbrand, Martyr,
1
Island of May, Scotland. [Ninth Century. . ] According to Camerarius, St. Stolbrandus was a Bishop and Martyr, massacred by the Danes in the Island of May,2 Scotland. The Bollandists have a notice of him, at the 20th of August, quoting that author. 3 However, we can only refer to what has been already written, at the 4th of March,4 regarding St. Adrian and his com- panions, martyrs at that same place, and in the ninth century.
Article VIII. —Commemoration of St. Malachy O'Morgair,
Archbishop of Armagh. [Twelfth Century]. The additions to Usuard
1
enter a commemoration for St. Malachy O'Morgair, whose chief feast is cele-
bratedonthe3rdofNovember,accordingtotheRomanMartyrology. The
2
Bollandists thus note the present feast.
Article IX. —Festival of the Martyrdom of Dioscorus, Martyr
at Alexandria. At the 20th of August, the Irish Church commemorated
St. Dioscorus, Martyr, at Alexandria, as we find him eulogized by St. ^Engus, in the " Feilire. " 1 To this entry of his name, a comment has been added. 2
mation from Boece.
3" atthe2 totheof
In his Menologium Scotorum,"
20th of August, we find " Aberdoniae
Donortii Murthlacensis, S. episcopi qui
According Breviary Aberdeen, Pars Hyemalis, fol. lxii. b.
3 See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus iv. , Augusti xx. Among the pretermitted saints,
Beano successit. B. "—Bishop Forbes' " Ka- lendars of Scottish Saints," pp. 209 and p. 2.
239.
* See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus iv. ,
Augustixx. AmongthepretermittedSaints,
4 See the Third Volume of this work, at
4th of March, Art. —ii.
l
,
p.
See the Eleventh Volume of this work for his Life, at the 3rd
2.
s Thus the opinion is written : "Utinam
Article viii. of November, Art. i.
nobis licuisset inspicere documenta e quibus ilium accepit Ferrarius, vel addidisset ipse-
2
See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus iv. , Augusti xx. Among the pretermitted feasts,
met, cujus temporis ac notoe ea fuerint ; quae
siquidem satis antiqua ac bona esse con-
staret, praesulem hunc aliis Sanctis annume- stanza is transcribed from Leabhar Breac
rassemus : verum quia novimus, hagiologos quosdam nimis esse faciles ac profuse libera- les in multiplicando titulum sancti ; liceat nobis desiderare certiora testimonia, quibus verus, legitimus ac religiosus hujus viri cultus antiquus et immemorabilis stabiliri
queat. "
6 See Bishop Forbes' " Kalendars of
'
copy : the English translation furnished by Whitley Stokes, LL. D. :—
nochef mop "OiAfcopup dp Cropc cmj; Afpervou pAwpit bpeo ip&mpu CoinoppUiAjuo 501-011.
Scottish Saints,"— 326. p.
' Article vii. At
with a
Sanc- fair host" Transactions of the Royal
Irish Academy,"Irish ManuscriptSeries, vol. i. , part i. On the Calendar of Oengus, p. cxxiv.
August, in his Calendar is entered tusStolbrandusEpiscopusetMartyraDanis in Maia Insula.
