No More Learning

63, ed. minions of Cotys, on the death of the latter in
Wyttenbach ; Amm. Marcell. xxiii. 1. § 2; De B. C. 358. Amadocus was probably a son of
la Borde, Essai sur la Musique, vol. iii. p. 133. ) Cotys and a brother of the other two princes,
The work of Alypius consists wholly, with the though this is not stated by Demosthenes. (Dem.
exception of a short introduction, of lists of the in Aristocr. p. 623, &c. ) (CER8OBLEPTES. ] Ama-
symbols used (both for voice and instrument) to docus seems to have had a son of the same name.
denote all the sounds in the forty-five scales pro- (Isocr. Philipp. p. 83, d. compared with Harpo
duced by taking each of the fifteen modes in the crat. s. v. 'Auádokos. )
three genera (Diatonic, Chromatic, Enharmonic. ) 3. One of the princes of Thrace, who was de-
It treats, therefore, in fact, of only one (the fifth, feated and taken prisoner by Philip, king of
namely) of the seven branches into which the sub- Macedonia, B. c. 184. (Liv. xxxix. 35. )
ject is, as usual, divided in the introduction; and AMAE'SIA SENTIA is mentioned by Vale-
may possibly be merely a fragment of a larger rius Maximus (viii. 3. & 1) as an instance of a
work. It would have been most valuable if any female who pleaded her own cause before the pre-
considerable number of examples had been left us (A bout B. c. 77. ) She was called Androm
of the actual use of the system of notation de gyne, from having a man's spirit with a female
scribed in it; unfortunately very few remain (see form. Compare APRANIA and HORTENSIA.
chart;
3
tor.


## p. 136 (#156) ############################################

136
AMALTHEIA.
AMASIS.
C. AMAFA'NIUS or AMAFI'NIUS was one | by Servius (ud Acn, vi. 72) and by Lydus (de
of the enrliest Roman writers in favour of the Epicu- Miens. iv. 34); comp. Klausen, Aeneas und die
rean philosophy. He wrote several works, which l’enuten, p. 299, &c.
(L. S. )
are censured by Cicero as deficient in arrangement AMANDUS. (AELIANUS, p. 28, a ]
and style. He is mentioned by no other writer AMARANTUS ('Auápartos), of Alexandria
but Cicero. (Acad. i. 2, Tusc. iv. 3. )
wrote a commentary upon one of Theocritus'
AMALTHEIA ('Auár deia). 1. The nurse of Idyls (Etymol. M. p. 273. 40, ed. Sylb. ), and a
the infant Zeus after his birth in Crete. The an- work entitled teplokrvñs. Respecting bis time.
cients themselves appear to have been as uncertain we only know that he lived subsequently to Juba
about the etymology of the name as about the king of Mauretania. (Athen. viii. p. 343, e. , I.
real nature of Amaltheia. Hesychius derives it p. 414, f. )
from the verb duan Beveiv, to nourish or to enrich; AMARYNCEUS ('Auapuykeus), a chief of the
others from duárdaktos, i. e. firm or bard; and Eleans, and son of Onesimachus or of Acetor.
others again from duard) and bela, according to (Hygin. Fab. 97 ; Eustath. ad Hom. p. 303. ) Ac-
which it would signify the divine goat, or the cording to Hyginus, Amarynceus himself joined the
tender goddess. The common derivation is from expedition against Troy with nineteen ships. Homer,
duéngriv, to milk or suck. According to some on the other hand, only mentions his son Diores
traditions Amaltheia is the goat who suckled the (Amarynceides) as partaking in the 'Trojan war.
infant Jove (Hygin. Poet. A str. ii. 13; Arat. (N. ii. 622. iv. 517. ) When Amarynceus died,
Phaen. 163; Callim. Hymn. in Jov. 49), and who his sons celebrated funeral games in his honour, in
was afterwards rewarded for this service by being which Nestor, as he himself relates (1. xxij. 629,
placed among the stars. (Comp. Apollod. i. 1. § &c. ), took part. According to Pausanias (v. i. &
6. ) [AEGA. ] According to another set of tra- 8) Amarynceus had been of great service to Augeas
ditions Amaltheia was a nymph, and daughter of against Heracles, in return for which Augeas shared
Oceanus, Helios, Haemonius, or of the Cretan his throne with him.
(L. S. )
king Melisseus (Schol. ad Hom. Il. xxi. 194; AMARYNTHUS ('Audpudos), a hunter of
Eratosth. Catast. 13; Apollod. ii. 7. § 5; Lac- Artemis, from whom the town of Amarynthus in
tant. Instit. i. 22; Hygin. l. c. , and Fab. 139, Euboca (Steph. Byz, says Euboea itself) was be
where he calls the nymph Adamanteia), and is said lieved to have derived its name. (Strab. x. p.
to have fed Zeus with the milk of a goat. When this 448. ) From this hero, or rather from the town of
goat once broke off one of her horns, the nymph | Amarynthus, Artemis derived the surname Ama-
Amaltheia filled it with fresh herbs and fruit and rynthia or Amarysia, under which she was wor
gave it to Zeus, who transplaced it together with shipped there and also in Attica. (Paus. i. 31. §
the goat among the stars. (Ovid, Fast. v. 115, 3, comp. Dict. of Ant. s. v. 'Apapuvoia. ) (LS. )
&c. ) According to other accounts Zeus himself AMA'SIS (Αμασις). 1. King of Egypt in
broke off one of the horns of the goat Amaltheia, early times, according to Diodorus (i. 60), in
gave it to the daughters of Melissens, and en- whose reign Egypt was conquered by Actisanes,
dowed it with such powers that whenever the pos- king of Ethiopia. [ACTISANES. ]
sessor wished, it would instantaneously become filled 2. King of Egypt succeeded Apries, the last
with whatever might be desired. (Apollod. I. c. ; king of the line of Psammetichus, in B. C 569.
Schol. ad Callim. l. c. ) This is the story about He was of comparatively low origin (Herodotus,
the origin of the celebrated horn of Amaltheia, i. 172, calls him onuórns), and was born at
commonly called the horn of plenty or cornucopia, Siuph, a town in the Saitic nome. When the
which plays such a prominent part in the stories Egyptians revolted against Apries, Amasis was
of Greece, and which was used in later times as sent to quell the insurrection, but went orer
the symbol of plenty in general. (Strab. x. p. 458, to the side of the rebels, and was proclaimed
iii. p. 151; Diod. iv. 35. ) [ACHELOUS. ) Dion king by them. He defeated Apries in a battle
dorus (iii. 68) gives an account of Amaltheia, near Momemphis, and took him prisoner. He
which differs from all the other traditions. Ac- seemed disposed to treat his captive with great
cording to him the Libyan king Ammon married mildness, but was induced to deliver him up into
Amaltheia, a maiden of extraordinary beauty, and the hands of the Egyptians, who put him to death.
gave her a very fertile tract of land which had the It was probably to strengthen himself against a
form of a bull's horn, and received from its queen powerful party formed against him amongst the
the name of the horn of Amaltheia. Tbis account, warrior-caste, that he cultivated the friendship of
however, is only one of the many specimens of a the Greeks. He not only gave up to them the city
rationalistic interpretation of the ancient mythus. of Naucratis, which had hitherto been their only
The horn appears to be one of the most ancient mart, but opened all the mouths of the Nile to
and simplest vessels for drinking, and thus we find them, and allowed them to build temples to their
the story of Amaltheia giving Zeus to drink from own deities. He contracted an alliance with the
a horn represented in an ancient work of art still Greeks of Cyrene, and himself married Ladice, a
(Galeria Giustiniani, ii. p. 61. ) The Cyrenaic lady. (Herod. ii. 181. ) He removed the
horn of plenty was frequently given as an attribute Ionians and Carians, who were settled on the
to the representations of Tyche or Fortuna (Paus. Pelusiac mouth of the Nile, to Memphis, and
ir. 30. § 4, vii. 26. & 3; comp. Böttiger, Anal- formed them into a body-grard for himself,
theia, oder der Cretensische Zeus als Saügling; (ii. 154. ) He also entered into alliance with
Welcker, Ueber eine Cretische Colonie in Theven, Croesus (i. 77) and with Polycrates, the tyrant
of Samos (iii. 39, 40), who is said to have in-
2. One of the Sibyls (Tibull, ii. 5. 67), whom troduced Pythagoras to him by letter. (Diog.
Lactantius (i. 6) identifies with the Cumaean Laert. viii. 3. ) Amasis also sent presents to
Sibyl, who is said to have sold to king Tarquinius several of the Greek cities. (Herod. ii. 182. )
the celebrated Sibylline books. The same is stated | Solon in the course of his travels visited him.
extant.
p. 6. )


## p. 137 (#157) ############################################

AMASTRIS.
137
AMAZONES.
a
(i. 30; Plut. Sulon, 26; Plat. Timaeus, p. 21. ) | in B. C. 306, who left her guardian of their chil-
It would appear from Xenophon (Cyrop. viii. 6. dren, Clearchus, Oxyathres, and Amastris, she
§ 20) that, after the overthrow of Croesus by married Lysimachus, B. C. 302. Lysimachus,
Cyrus, Amasis was compelled to pay tribute. however, abandoned her shortly afterwards, and
He strove to win the favour of the priest-caste by married Arsinoë, the daughter of Ptolemy Phila-
building them temples. During the reign of delphus; whereupon Amastris retired to Heracleia,
Amasis agriculture, commerce, and the arts which she governed in her own right. She also
fourished greatly. The extension of Egyptian founded a city, called after her own name, on the
commerce was much favoured by the conquest of searcoast of Paphlagonia. She was drowned by
Cyprus, which he made tributary. His reign was her two sons about B. c. 288. (Memnon, c. 4, 5;
one of almost uninterrupted peace and prosperity, Diod. xx. 109. ) The head figured below probably
which gave him leisure for adorning Egypt with represents Amastris: the woman on the reverse
several magnificent buildings and works of art. (ii. holds a small figure of victory in her hand. (Eck-
175, 176. ) The plans of conquest which Cyrus hel, ii. p. 421. )
had been unable to carry into effect, were followed
out by Cambyses, who in B. C. 525 led an army
against Egypt. According to the story told by
Herodotus (iü. 1), Cambyses had been incensed
by a deception practised upon him by Amasis,
who, pretending to comply with a demand of the
Persian king, that he should send him his daughter
to adorn his harem, substituted the daughter of
Apries for his own. Amasis however did not
live to see the fall of his country. He died be
fore Cambyses reached the borders, after a reign of AMA'TA, the wife of king Latinus and mother
44 years, and was buried at Sais in the tomb of Lavinia, who, when Aeneas sued for the hand
which he had constructed in the temple of Athena of the latter, opposed him, because she had already
(iii. 10, i. 169. ) His corpse was afterwards taken promised Lavinia to Turnus. At the same time
ont of the tomb and shamefully insulted by the she was instigated by Alecto, who acted according
order of Cambyses. (üi. 16. ). As a governor he to the request of Juno, to stir up the war with
exhibited great abilities, and was the author of Turnus. This story fills the greater part of the
several useful regulations (ii. 177), but he appears seventh book of Virgil's Aeneid. When Amata
to have indulged in more familiarity towards those was informed that Turnus had fallen in battle, she
about him than was altogether consistent with his hung herself. (Virg. Aen. xii. 600; Dionys. i.
kingly dignity. (Herod. ii. 161-182, iii. 1-16; 64. )
(L. S. ]
Diod. i. 68, 95. )
A'MATHES ('Auálns), a son of Heracles, from
3. A Persian of the tribe of the Maraphii, whom the town of Amathus in Cyprus was be-
who was sent by Aryandes, the governor of lieved to bave derived its name. According to
Egypt under Cambyses, at the head of an army, some traditions, however, its name was derived
to assist Pheretime, the mother of Arcesilaus from Amathusa, the mother of Cinyras. (Steph.
III. , king of Cyrene. He took Barca by strata- Byz. s. v. 'Auabous. )
(L. S. )
gem and treachery, and made an unsuccessful AMATHU'SIA or AMATHU'NTIA ('Aua.
attempt upon Cyrene. He was then recalled by Dovola or 'Amadouvola), a surname of Aphrodite,
Aryandes. On its march back the Persian army which is derived from the town of Amathus in
suffered severely from the Libyans (Herod. iv. Cyprus, one of the most ancient seats of ber wor-
167, 201, 203. )
(C. P. M. ] ship. (Tac. Annal. iii. 62; Ov. Amor. iii. 15. 15;
AMASTRIŚ or AMESTRIS ('Ajaotpis or Virg. Cir. 242; Catull. Lxviii. 51. ) [L. S. )
Aunotpis). 1. The wife of Xerxes, and mother AMA'TIUS, surnamed Pseudomarius, a per-
of Artaxerxes I. According to Herodotus, she son of low origin, who pretended to be either the
was the daughter of Otanes, according to Ctesias, son or grandson of the great Marius. On the
who calls her Amistris, of Onophas. She was death of Julius Caesar B. C. 44, he came forward
cruel and vindictive. On one occasion she sacri- as a popular leader, and erected an altar to Caesar
ficed fourteen youths of the noblest Persian families on the spot where his body had been burnt. He
to the god said to dwell beneath the earth. The was, however, shortly afterwards seized by the
tale of her horrible mutilation of the wife of Ma- consul Antony and put to death without a trial.
sistes, recorded by Herodotus, gives us a lively This illegal act was approved of by the senate in
picture of the intrigues and cruelties of a Persian consequence of the advantages they derived from
She survived Xerxes. (Herod. vii. 61, it Valerius Maximus (ix. 15. & 2) says, that his
114, ix. 108–113; Ctesias, Persic. c. 20. 30. ed. name was Herophilus. (Appian, B. C. iii. 2, 3;
Lion ; Plut. Alcib. p. 123, c. )
Liv. Epit. 116; Cic. ad Att
. xii. 49, xiv. 6—8,
2. A daughter of Artaxerxes II. , whom her fa- Philipp. i. 2; Nicolaus Damascenus, Vit. Aug.
ther promised in marriage to Teribazus. Instead c. 14. p. 258, ed. Coraes. ),
of fulfilling his promise, he married her himself. AMA'ZONES ('Auafoves), a warlike race of
(Plut. Arlat. c. 27. ).
females, who act a prominent part in several of the
3. Also called Amastrine ('Auaotpunh), the adventures of Greek mythology. All accounts of
daughter of Oxyartes, the brother of Darius, was them agree in the statement, that they came from
given by Alexander in marriage to Craterus.