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c. 188
205), which may be regarded as the most flourish on condition of his ceding all his dominions west of
ing period of his reign. It appears that the title of Mount Taurus, paying 15,000 Euboic talents
Great was conferred upon him during this time. within twelve years, giving up his elephants and
In the year that Antiochus returned to Syria ships of war, and surrendering the Roman enemies
(B. C. 205), Ptolemy Philopator died, leaving as who had taken refuge at his court. He had,
his successor Ptolemy Epiphanes, then a child of moreover, to give twenty hostages for the due
five years old. Availing himself of the weakness fulfilment of the treaty, and among them his son
of the Egyptian government, Antiochus entered Antiochus (Epiphanes). To these terms he ac-
into an agreement with Philip, king of Macedonia, ceded, but allowed Hannibal to escape.
to divide between them the dominions of Ptolemy. About this time Antiochus lost Armenia, which
As Philip became engaged soon afterwards in a war became an independent kingdom. He found great
with the Romans, he was unable to send forces difficulty in raising money to pay the Romans, and
against Egypt; but Antiochus prosecuted this war was thus led to plunder a wealthy temple in Ely-
vigorously in Palestine and Coele-Syria, and at mais ; the people, however, rose against him and
length obtained complete possession of these pro- killed him in his attempt
. (B. C. 187. ) The defeat
vinces by his victory over the Egyptian general of Antiochus by the Romans, and his death in a
Scopas, near Paneas, in B. c. 198. He was assist " fort of his own land,” are foretold in the book of
ed in this war by the Jews, to whom he granted Daniel. (xi. 18, 19. ) Antiochus was killed in the
many important privileges. Fearing, however, the 52nd year of his age and the 37th of his reign.
power of the Romans, and anxious to obtain pos He married Laodice, daughter of Mithridates, king
session of many parts of Asia Minor which did of Pontus, and had several children. His sons
not acknowledge his sovereignty, he concluded were, 1. Antiochus, who died in his father's life-
peace with Egypt, and betrothed his daughter time. (Liv. xxxv. 15. ) 2. Ardys, 3. Mithridates,
Cleopatra to the young king Ptolemy, giving with both of whom also probably died before their
her Coele-Syria and Palestine as a dowry. He father. (Liv. xxxii. 10. ) 4. Seleucus Philopator,
now. marched into Asia Minor, where he carried who succeeded his father. 5. Antiochus Epi-
everything before him, and then crossed over into phanes, who succeeded his brother Seleucus. The
Europe, and took possession of the Thracian daughters of Antiochus were, 1. Laodice, married
Chersonese (B. C. 196), which belonged to the to her eldest brother Antiochus. (Appian, Syr. 4. )
Macedonian kingdom, but which he claimed as his 2. Cleopatra, betrothed to Ptolemy Epiphanes.
own, because Seleucus Nicator had taken it from 3. Antiochis, married to Ariarathes, king of Cap-
Lysimachus. But here his progress was stopt by padocia. 4. One whose name is not mentioned,
the Romans. At the commencement of his war whom her father offered in marriage to Eumenes.
with Egypt, the guardians of young Ptolemy had (Appian, Syr. 5. ) The coins of Antiochus are
placed him under the protection of the Romans; the first of those of the Seleucidae which bear a
but while the latter were engaged in their war with date. There are two coins preserved of the 112th
Philip, they did not attempt to interrupt Antiochus and 117th years of the reign of the Seleucidae,
in his conquests, lest he should march to the that is, the 23rd and 28th years of the reign of
assistance of the Macedonian king. Now, however, Antiochus. (Polyb. lib. v. , &c. ; Appian, Syr. ;
matters were changed. The Romans had con- Liv. lib. xxxi. - xxxvii. ; Justin. lib. xxix. -xxxii. ;
quered Philip in B. C. 197, and no longer dreaded
a war with Antiochus. They accordingly sent an
embassy to him (B. c. 196) requiring him to sur-
render the Thracian Chersonese to the Macedonian
king, and also all the places he had conquered from
Ptolemy. Antiochus returned a haughty answer
to these demands; and the arrival of Hannibal at
his court in the following year (B. c. 195) strength-
ened him in his determination to resist the Roman
claims. Hannibal urged him to invade Italy with-
out loss of time; but Antiochus resolved to see
first what could be done by negotiation, and thus
lost a most favourable moment, as the Romans
COIN OF ANTIOCHUS III.

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198
ANTIOCHUS.
ANTIOCHUS.
1
a
Joseph. Ant. xii. 3. & 3; Diod. Exc. pp. 573. - He died in B. c. 164, after a reign of 11 years.
575, ed. Wess. ; Strab. xvi. p. 744 ; Fröhlich, He left a son, Antiochus Eupator, who succeeded
Annales, p. 39; Eckhel, iii. p. 220, &c. ) Apollo him, and a daughter, Laodice. (Liv, lib. xli. -
is represented on the reverse of the foregoing coin. xlv. ; Polyb. lib. xxvi. —xxxi. ; Justin, xxiv. 3 ;
ANTI'OCHUS IV. ('Avtíoxos), king of Syria, Diod. Exc. pp. 579, 583, &c. , ed. Wess. ; Appian,
surnamed EPIPHANES ('Eribarns), and on coins Syr. 45, 66; Maccab. lib. i. ii. ; Joseph. Ant. xii.
Theos (@ebs) also, was the son of Antiochus III. , 5; Hieronym. ad Dan. c. 11; Eckhel. m. p. 222,
and was given as a hostage to the Romans in B. c. &c. ) On the reverse of the foregoing coin Jupiter
188. He was released from captivity in B. c. 175 is represented, holding a small figure of Victory in
through his brother Seleucus Philopator, who gave his right hand, and a spear in his left.
his own son Demetrius in his stead. While ANTIOCHUS V. ('Avrioxos), king of Syria,
Antiochus was at Athens on his return to Syria surnamed EUPATOR (EÚnátwp), was nine years
in this year, Seleucus was murdered by Heliodo- old at his father's death, and reigned nominally
rus, who seized upon the crown. Antiochus, for two years. (B. C. 164–162. ) Lysias assumed
however, with the assistance of Attalus easily the guardianship of the young king, though An-
expelled the usurper, and ascended the throne in tiochus IV. had appointed Philip to this office.
the same year. (B. C. 175. ) Demetrius remained Lysias, accompanied by the young king, continued
at Rome.
the war against the Jews, and laid siege to Jeru-
Cleopatra, the sister of Antiochus, who had salem; but hearing that Philip was marching
been betrothed to Ptolemy Epiphanes, was now against him from Persis
, he concluded a peace
dead, and Antiochus therefore claimed the pro- with the Jews. He then proceeded against Philip,
vinces of Coele-Syria and Palestine, which had whom he conquered and put to death. The Ro-
been given as her dowry. As the Romans were mans, availing themselves of the distracted state of
at this time engaged in a war with Perseus, king Syria, sent an embassy to enforce the terms of the
of Macedonia, Antiochus thought it a favourable peace which had been concluded with Antiochus
opportunity to prosecute his claims, and accord the Great; but an insurrection was excited in con-
ingly declared war against Egypt. In four cam- sequence of these commands, in which Octavius,
paigns (B. c. 171–168), he not only obtained the chief of the embassy, was slain. About the
possession of the countries to which he laid claim, same time Demetrius Soter, the son of Seleucus
but almost completed the conquest of Egypt, and Philopator, who had remained in Rome up to this
was preparing to lay siege to Alexandria, when a time (see ANTIOCHUS IV. ], appeared in Syria and
Roman embassy commanded him to retire from laid claim to the throne. Lysias and the young
the country. This command he thought it most king fell into his hands, and were immediately put
prudent to obey, but he still retained possession of to death by him, B. c. 162. (Polyb. xxxi. 12, 19;
Coele-Syria and Palestine. The cruelties which Appian, Syr. 46, 66; Joseph. Ant. xii. 10; 1 Mac-
Antiochus perpetrated against the Jews during cab. vi. , &c. ; 2 Maccab. xiii. , &c. ; Cic. Phil
. ix. 2. )
this war, are recorded in the books of the Macca- A pollo is represented on the reverse of the annexed
bees, and have rendered his name infamous. He coin, as in those of Antiochus I. and III. The in-
took Jerusalem on his return from his second scription at the foot, EYNIATOPOS, is partly cut off.
campaign into Egypt (B. C. 170), and again at the
end of the fourth campaign (B. C. 168), and en-
deavoured to root out the Jewish religion and
introduce the worship of the Greek divinities; but
this attempt led to a rising of the Jewish people,
under Mattathias and his heroic sons the Macca-
bees, which Antiochus was unable to put down.
Lysias, who was sent against them with a large
army, was defeated ; and Antiochus, who was in
the eastern provinces at the time, hastened his re-
turn in order to avenge the disgrace which had
befallen his arms.
On his return he attempted to
COIN OF ANTIOCHUS V.
plunder a temple in Elymais, probably the same as ANTI'OCHUS V1. ('Artloxos), king of Syria,
his father had attacked, but was repulsed, and surnamed THEOS (eds), and on coins Epiphanes
shortly afterwards died at Tabae in Persia, in a Dionysus ('Eribavns Sióvvoos), was the son of
state of raving madness, which the Jews and Alexander Balas, king of Syria (see p. 114, b. ),
Greeks equally attributed to his sacrilegious crimes. and remained in Arabia after his father's death in
His subjects gave him the name of Epimanes B. C. 146. Two years afterwards (B. C. 144),
("Ertuavhs) in parody of Epiphanes ('Eriparís). while he was still a youth, he was brought forward
as a claimant to the crown against Demetrius
Nicator by Tryphon, or Diodotus, who had been
one of his father's chief ministers. Tryphon met
with great success; Jonathan and Simon, the
leaders of the Jews, joined his party; and Antio
chus was acknowledged as king by the greater
part of Syria. But Tryphon, who had all along
intended to secure the royal power for himself, and
had brought forward Antiochus only for this pur-
pose, now put the young prince to death and
ascended the throne, B. c. 142. (1 Maccab. xi. ,
&c. ; Joseph. Antiq. xiii. 6, &c. ; Strab. xvi. p.
COIN OP ANTIOCHUS IV,
752; Justin, xxxvi. 1; Liv. Epit. 55. ) The re-

ANTIS
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ANTIOCHUS.
199
ANTIOCHUS.
BAZIRIQ
COIN OF ANTIOCHUS VI.
zerse of the annexed coin represents the Dioscuri remained in her hands. (B. C. 125. ) At this time
riding on horseback, and has upon it the year OP, the greater part of Syria was in the power of the
that is, the 170th year of the Seleucidae. (Eckhel, usurper Alexander Zebina (see p. 127, b. ); but
iii. p. 231, &c. )
Antiochus, with the assistance of Ptolemy Physcon,
the king of Egypt, whose daughter he married,
conquered Alexander and became master of the
whole of Syria. Cleopatra then became jealous of
him and plotted against his life; but her son com-
pelled her to drink the poison she had prepared
for him. (B. C. 120. ) For the next eight years
Antiochus reigned in peace; but at the end of that
time his half-brother, Antiochus Cyzicenus, the
Cat AROTE
son of Antiochus Sidetes and their common mother
ATOMYŠOY
Cleopatra, laid claim to the crown, and a civil war
ensued. (B. c. 112. ) The remaining history of the
Seleucidae till Syria became a Roman province, is
hardly anything else but a series of civil wars be-
ANTI'OCHUS VII. (Avrloxos), king of Sr-tween the princes of the royal family. In the first
RIA, surnamed SIDETES (Eldørns), from Side in year of the struggle (B. c. 112), Antiochus Cyzi-
Pamphylia, where he was brought up, (and not cenus became master of almost the whole of Syria,
from a Syriac word signifying a hunter,) and on but in the next year (B. c. 111), A. Grypus re-
coins Energetes (Evepyétns), was the younger son gained a considerable part of his dominions ; and
of Demetrius Soter, and obtained possession of the it was then agreed that the kingdom should be
throne in B. c. 137, after conquering Tryphon, who shared between them, A. Cyzicenus having Coele-
had held the sovereignty since the murder of Syria and Phoenicia, and A. Grypus the remainder
Antiochus VI. He married Cleopatra, the wife of the provinces. This arrangement lasted, though
of his elder brother Demetrius Nicator, who was a with frequent wars between the two kings, till the
prisoner in the hand of the Parthians. He carried death of Antiochus Grypus, who was assassinated
on war against the Jews, and took Jerusalem by Heracleon in B. c. 96, after a reign of twenty-
after almost a year's siege, in B. C. 133. He then nine years. He left five sons, Seleucus, Philip,
granted them a peace on favourable terms, and Antiochus Epiphanes, Demetrius Eucaerus, and
next directed his arms against the Parthians. At Antiochus Dionysus. (Justin, xxxix. 1-3; Liv.
first he met with success, but was afterwards de Epit. 60; Appian, Syr. 69; Joseph. Antiq. xiii.
feated by the Parthian king, and lost his life in 13; Athen. xii. p. 540. ). Many of the coins of
the battle, after a reign of nine years. (B. c. 128. ) Antiochus Grypus have the head of Antiochus on
llis son Seleucus was taken prisoner in the same one side, and that of his mother Cleopatra on the
battle. Antiochus, like many of his predecessors, other. The one annexed must have been struck
was passionately devoted to the pleasures of the after his mother's death. (Eckhel, iii. p. 238, &c. )
table. He had three sons and two daughters, the
larter of whom both bore the name of Laodice,
His sons were Antiochus, Seleucus, and Antiochus
(Cyzicenus), the last of whom subsequently suc-
ceeded to the throne. (Joseph. Ant. xiii. 8; 1
Maccab. xv. , &c. ; Justin, xxxvi. 1, xxxviii. 10;
Diod. xxxiv. Ecl. 1; Athen. X. p. 439, xii. p. 540. )
The reverse of the annexed coin represents Athena
bolding a small figure of Victory in her right hand.
(Eckhel, iii. p. 235, &c. )


PANY
AoXoLNY
BATIALA

ANTIOXAS
BACIAORE
COIN OF ANTIOCHUS VIIL
ANTIOCHUS IX. ('Avtíoxos), king of SYRIA
surnamed CYZICENUS(Kufiknyós) from Cyzicus,
where he was brought up, and on coins Philopator
(PINOTÁTWp), reigned over Coele-Syria and Phoe
nicia from B. c. Ìll to 96, as is stated in the pre-
ceding article. On the death of his brother, Anti-
ochus VIII. , he attempted to obtain possession of
Simone
COIN OF ANTIOCHUS VIL
ANTI'OCHUS VIII. ('Artloxos), king of Sy-
RIA, surnamed GRYPUS (Tpuros), or Hook-
nosed, from ypúy, a vnlture, and on coins Epiphanes
('Erripávns), was the second son of Demetrius
Nicator and Cleopatra. His eldest brother Seleu-
cus was put to death by their mother Cleopatra,
because he wished to have the power, and not
merely the title, of king; and Antiochus was after
his brother's death recalled from Athens, where he
was studying, by his mother Cleopatra, that he might
bear the title of king, while the real sovereignty

PAS TTATURE
COIN OF ANTIOCHUS IX,


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200
ANTIOCHUS.
ANTIOPE.
Aarinivy
KYN, VI
the whole of Syria ; but his claims were resisted by the youngest son of Antiochus VIII. , assumed the
Seleucus, the eldest son of Antiochus VIII. , by whom title of king after his brother Demetrius had been
he was killed in battle, B. c. 95. He left behind taken prisoner by the Parthians. He fell in battle
him a son, Antiochus Eusebes, who succeeded to against Aretas, king of the Arabians. (Joseph.
the throne. (Justin, Appian, Joseph. U. cc. ; Eck- Ant. xüi. 15. $ 1; Eckhel, iii. p. 246, &c. )
hel, iii. p. 241, &c. ) The reverse of the foregoing
coin is the same as that of Antiochus VII.
ANTI'OCHUS X. ('Avrloxos), king of SYRIA,
surnamed EUSEBES (Eugéens), and on coins.
Philopator (Plomátwp) also, succeeded to the
throne on the death of his father Antiochus IX.
B. c. 95. He defeated Seleucus, who conquered
his father, and compelled him to fly into Cilicia,
where he perished ; but he then had to contend
with the next two brothers of Seleucus, Philip and
COIN OF ANTIOCHUS XII.
Antiochus Epiphanes, the latter of whom assumed ANTIOCHUS XIII. , king of Syria, sur-
the title of king, and is known as the eleventh named ASIATICUS ('AQUATIRÓS), and on coins
king of Syria of this name. In a battle fought Dionysus Philopator Callinicus (Acorvoos oido-
near the Orontes, Antiochus X. defeated Philip rátwp Karrivikos), was the son of Antiochus X.
and Antiochus XI. , and the latter was drowned in and Seiene, an Egyptian princess. He repaired to
the river. The crown was now assunied by Philip, Rome during the time that Tigranes had posses-
who continued to prosecute the war assisted by his sion of Syria, and passed through Syria on his re-
brother, Demetrius Eucaerus. The Syrians, worn turn during the government of Verres. (B. c. 73-71. )
out with these civil broils, offered the kingdom to On the defeat of Tigranes in B. C. 69, Lucullus
Tigranes, king of Annenia, who accordingly took allowed Antiochus Asiaticus to take possession of
possession of Syria in B. c. 83, and ruled over it the kingdom; but he was deprived of it in B. c. 65
till he was defeated by Lucullus in B. c. 69. The by Pompey, who reduced Sicily to a Roman pro-
time of the death of Antiochus X. is uncertain. vince. In this year the Seleucidae ceased to reign.
He appears, however, to have fallen in battle (Appian, Syr. 49, 70; Cic. in Verr. iv. 27, 28, 30 ;
against the Parthians, before Tigranes obtained Justin, xl. 2. ) Some writers suppose, that Antio-
possession of Syria. (Joseph. Antiq. xi. 13. & 4. ) chus Asiaticus afterwards reigned as king of Com-
According to some accounts he survived the reign magene, but there are not sufficient reasons to sup-
of Tigranes, and returned to his kingdom after the port this opinion. [ANTIOCHUS I. , king of Com-
conquest of the latter by Lucullus (Euseb. p. 192; | magene.