that time he continued to reside at Rome, taking
Claudius
Caecus in B.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - c
pron.
Plancus Cos.
Cens.
Imp.
iter.
VII.
superior, he kept aloof from the contest as far as vir Epul. triump. ex Raetis aedem Saturni fecit
possible. On the fall of Perusia in B. C. 40, he de manubiis agros divisit in Italia Beneventi, in
Aed with Fulvia to Athens, leaving his army to Gallia colonias deduxit Lugdunum et Rauricam. "
shift for itself as it best could. He returned to Plancus had three brothers and a sister, a son and
Italy with Antony, and again accompanied him a daughter. His brothers and son are spoken of
when he went back to the East. Antony then below: his sister Munatia married M. Titins
gave him the government of the province of Asia, (Titius), his daughter Munatia Plancina married
which he abandoned on the invasion of the Par-Cn. Piso. [PLANINA. ] (Caes. B. G. v. 24, &c. ,
thians under T. Labienus, and took refuge in the B. C. i. 40; Hirt. B. Afr. 4; Cic. ad Fam. x.
islands. He subsequently obtained the consulship 1---24, xi. 9, 11, 13—15, xii. 8, Philo iii. 15,
a second time (Plin. H. N. xiii. 3. s. 5), but the xiii. 19 ; Plut. Brut. 19, Anton. 56, 58; Appian,
year is not mentioned : he may have been one of B. C. iii. 46, 74, 81, 97, iv. 12, 37, 45, 5. 33, 35,
the consuls suffecti in B. c. 36. In B. c. 35 he 50, 55, 61, 144 ; Dion Cass. xlvi. 29, 50, 53,
governed the province of Syria for Antony, and xlvii. 16, xlviii. 24, 1. 3; Vell. Pat. ii. 63, 74,
was thought by many to have been the cause of 83; Macrob. Sat. ii
. 2; Suet. IV. Rhet. 6; Plin.
the murder of Sex. Pompeius. On his return to H. N. vii. 10. s. 12 ; Solin. i. 75. )
Alexandria he was coolly received by Antony There are several coins of Plancus. The fol-
on account of the shameless manner in which he lowing one was not struck in B. C. 40, as Eckhel
had plundered the province. He remained at supposes (vol. vi. p. 44), but in B. C. 34 to com-
Alexandria some time longer, taking part in the
orgies of the court, and even condescending on one
occasion to play the part of a mime, and represent
in a ballet the story of Glaucus. But foreseeing
the fall of his patron he resolved to secure himself,
and therefore repaired secretly to Rome in B. C.
32, taking with him his nephew Titius. From
Plancus Octavian received some valuable inform-
ation respecting Antony, especially in relation
to his will, which he employed in exasperating
the Romans against his rival. Plancus himself,
COIN OF L. MUNATIUS PLANCUS.
like other renegades, endeavoured to purchase the
favour of his new master by vilifying his old one ; memorate the victory over the Armenians (Borg-
and on one occasion brought in the senate such hesi, Giorn. Arcad. vol. xxv. p. 359, &c. ). It
abominable charges against Antony, from whom represents on the obverse a lituus and a guttur,
he had received innumerable favours, that Copo which was a vessel used in sacrifices, with the
KOLNVIN
## p. 384 (#400) ############################################
384
PLANCUS.
PLANCUS.
a
legend M. ANTON. IMP. AVG. INVIR. R. P. C. (i. e. 4. CN. MUNATIUS PLANCUS, brother of the
M. Antonius Imperator Augur Triumvir Reipublicae two preceding, praetor elect B. C. 44, was charged
constituendae); and it bears on the reverse a by Caesar in that year with the assignment to his
guttus between a thunderbolt, and a caduceus, with soldiers of lands at Buthrotum in Epeirus. As
the legend L. PLANCVS IMP. ITER. In the draw. Atticus possessed property in the neighbourhood,
ing above the position of the obverse and the re- Cicero commended to Plancus with much earnest-
verse has been accidentally transposed by the artist. ness the interests of his friend. In the following
3. T. MUNATIUS Plancus Bursa, brother of year, B. C. 43, Plancus was praetor, and was
No. 2, was tribune of the plebs B. c. 52, when in allowed by the senate to join his brother Lucius
connection with his colleagues C. Sallustius and in Transalpine Gaul, where he negotiated on his
Q. Pompeius Rufus, he supported the views of brother's behalf with Lepidus, and distinguished
Pompeius Magnus. The latter had set his heart himself by his activity in the command of the
upon the dictatorship, and, in order to obtain this cavalry of his brother's army. His exertions
honour, he was anxious that the state of anarchy brought on a fever: for this reason, and also
and confusion in which Rome was plunged, should because the two consuls had perished, he was sent
be continued, since all parties would thus be ready back to Rome by Lucius. (Cic. ad Att. xvi. 16,
to submit to his supremacy as the only way of ad Fam. x. 6, 11, 15, 17, 21. ).
restoring peace and order. Plancus therefore did 5. L. PLAUTIUS PLANCUS, brother of the three
every thing in his power to increase the anarchy: preceding, was adopted by a L. Plautius, and
on the death of Clodius, he roused the passions of therefore took his praenomen as well as nomen,
the mob by exposing to public view the corpse of but retained his original cognomen, as was the case
their favourite, and he was thus the chief pro- with Metellus Scipio [METELLUS, No. 22), and
moter of the riot which ensued at the funeral, and Pupius Piso. [Piso, No. 18. ] Before his adoption
in which the Curia Hostilia was burnt to the his praenomen was Caius, and hence he is called
ground. His attacks upon Milo were most by Valerius Maximus c. Plautius Plancus. He
vehement, and he dragged him before the popular was included in the proscription of the triumvirs,
assembly to give an account of his murder of B. C. 43, with the consent of his brother Lucius
Clodius. By means of these riots Pompey at. (No. 2). He concealed himself in the neighbour-
tained, to a great extent, his end; for although hood of Salernum ; but the perfumes which he
he failed in being appointed dictator, he was made used and his refined mode of living betrayed his
consul without a colleague. The law De Vi, lurking-place to his pursuers, and to save his slaves,
which he proposed in his consulship, and which who were being tortured to death because they
was intended to deliver him from Milo and his would not betray him, he voluntarily surrendered
other enemies, was strongly supported by Plancus himself to his executioners. (Plin. H. N. xiii. 3.
and Sallustius, who also attempted by threats to s. 5; Val. Max. vi. 8. $ 5; Appian, B. C. iv. 12;
deter Cicero from defending Milo. But when Vell. Pat. ii. 67. ) The following coin, which
Pompey had attained his object, he willingly bears the legends L. PLAVTIVS PLANCVS, must
sacrificed his instruments. At the close of the
year, as soon as his tribunate had expired,
Plancus was accused of the part he had taken in
burning the Curia Hostilia, under the very law
De Vi, in the enactment of which he had taken
80 active a part. The accusation was conducted
by Cicero, and as Plancus received only luke
warm support from Pompey, he was condemned.
Cicero was delighted with his victory, and wrote
to his friend M. Marius (ad Fam. vii. 2) in
extravagant spirits, stating that the condemnation
of Plancus had given him greater pleasure than
the death of Clodius. It would appear from this
letter that Cicero had on some previous occasion have been struck by this Plancus, as no other
defended Plancus. After his condenination
Plautius is mentioned with this cognomen. This
Plancus repaired to Ravenna in Cisalpine Gaul, coin, representing on the obverse a mask, and on
where he was kindly received by Caesar. Soon the reverse Aurora leading four horses, refers to a
after the beginning of the civil war he was re- circumstance which happened in the censorship of
stored to his civic rights by Caesar ; and from c. Plautius Venox, who filled this office with Ap.
that time he continued to reside at Rome, taking Claudius Caecus in B. c. 312. It is related that
no part apparently in the civil war ; and the
only the tibicines having quarrelled with the censor
thing by which he showed his gratitude to the Ap. Claudius left Rome and went to Tibur ; but
dictator, was by fighting as a gladiator, together
as the people felt the loss of them, the other censor,
with several other citizens, on the occasion of Plautius, had them placed in waggons one night
Caesar's triumph after his return from Spain, when they were drunk, and conveyed to Rome,
B. c. 45. After Caesar's death Plancus fought on where they arrived early next morning; and, that
Antony's side in the campaign of Mutina, but he they might not be recognised by the magistrates,
was unsuccessful ; he was driven out of Pollentia he caused their faces to be covered with masks.
by Pontius Aquila, the legate of D. Brutus, and The tale is related at length by Ovid (Fast. vi.
in his flight broke his leg. (Dion Cass. xl. 49, 651), and the following lines in particular throw
55, xlvi. 38 ; Plut. Pomp. 55, Cat. 48 ; Ascon: light upon the subject of the coin : -
in Cic. Mil. p. 32, &c. , ed. Orelli ; Cic. ad Att. “ Jamque per Esquilias Romanam intraverat
vi. 1. 8 10, ad Fam. xii. 18, Phil. vi. 4, x. 10,
urbem,
xi. 6, xii. 8, xiii. 12. )
Et mane in medio plaustra fuere foro.
COIN OF L. PLAUTIUS PLANCUS.
## p. 385 (#401) ############################################
PLANUDES.
PLANUDES.
385
PLAUTIUB, ut possent specie numeroque senatum | literature, poets of the highest fame cultivated this
Fallere, personis imperat ora tegi. "
species of composition, which received its most
perfect development from the hand of Simonides.
(Comp. Eckhel, vol. v. p. 276, &c. )
6. L. MUNATIUS PLANCUS, son of No. 2, was
Thenceforth, as a set forin of poetry, it became a
consul A. D. 13 with C. Silius. In the following sentiments on any subject ; until at last the form
fit vehicle for the brief expression of thonghts and
year he was sent by the senate after the death of
Augustus to the mutinous legions of Germanicus came to be cultivated for its own sake, and the
in the territory of the Ubii, and there narrowly ability to make epigrams an essential part of the
literati of Alexandria and Byzantium deerned the
escaped death at the hands of the soldiers (Dion character of a scholar. Hence the mere trifling,
Cass. Ivi. 28; Suet. Aug. 101 ; Tac. Ann. i. 39. )
PLANTA, POMPEIUS, praefect of Egypt in which form to large a part of the epigrammatic
the stupid jokes, and the wretched personalities,
the reign of Trajan. (Plin. Ep. x. 7 or 5. )
PLĂNU'DES (Favouons), surnamed Maxi poetry contained in the Greek Anthology.
MUS, was one of the most learned of the Constan. ference has already been made, are often quoted by
The monumental inscriptions, to which re-
tinopolitan monks of the last age of the Greek the ancient writers as historical authorities, as, for
empire, and was greatly distinguished as a theolo-
gian, grammarian, and rhetorician; but his name later writers, such as Diodorus and Plutarch,
example, by Herodotus and Thucydides ; and by
is now chiefly interesting as that of the compiler
of the latest of those collections of minor Greek partly as authorities, partly to embellish their
works. This use of inscriptions would naturally
poems, which were known by the names of Gar-
lands or Anthologies (Etépavoi
, 'Avoodoylai). Pla- suggest the idea of collecting them. The earliest
known collection was made by the geographer
nudes lourished at Constantinople in the first half Polemon (B. c. 200), in a work neplºtūv kard
of the fourteenth century, under the emperors FOX ELS Éteypaupátwv (Ath. x. p. 436, d. , p. 442, e. ).
Andronicus II. and III. Palaeologi
. In A. D. 1327 He also wrote other works, on votive offerings,
he was sent by Andronicus II. as ambassador to
Venice. Nothing more is known of his life with matic inscriptions on them. (POLEMON. ) Simi-
which are likely to have contained the epigram-
any certainty, except that he was somewhat dis- lar collections were made by Alcetas, Tepl Twv év
posed to the tenets of the Roman Church, which, AcApois dvaonudtw (Ath. xiii, p. 591, c. ), by
however, a short imprisonment seems to have in- Menestor, év tý tepl dvaðnuárwx (Ath. xiii.
duced him to renounce. (See Fabric. Bibl. Graec.
vol. xi. p. 682, and the authorities quoted in 0. 594, d. ), and perhaps by Apellas Ponticus.
These persons collected chiefly the inscriptions on
Harles's note. ) His works, of which several only
exist in Ms. , are not of sufficient importance to offerings (drabhuara): epigrams of other kinds
were also collected, as the Theban Epigrams, by
be enumerated individually. They consist of ora-
tions and homilies ; translations from Latin into Attic by Philochorus (Suid. s. v. , the reading is,
Aristodemus (Schol. in Apoll. Rhod. ii. 906), the
Greek of Cicero's Somnium Scipionis, Caesar de however, somewhat doubtful), and others by
Bello Gallico, Ovid's Metamorphoses, Cato's Dis- Neoptolemus of Paros (Ath. x. 454, f. ), and Eu-
ticha Moralia, Boëthius de Consolatione, St. Au- hemerus (Lactant. Instit. Div. í. 9 ; Cic. de Nat.
gustin
de Trinitate and de Civitate Dei, and
Dona- Deor. i. 42).
tus's Grammatica Parva; two grammatical works ;
a collection of Aesop's Fables, with a worthless pilers chiefly collected epigrams of particular
2. The Garland of Meleager. The above com-
Life of Aesop; some arithmetical works, especially classes, and with reference to their use as historical
Scholia, of no great value, on the first two books authorities. The first person who made such a
of the Arithmetic of Diophantus ; a few works on collection solely for its own sake, and to preserve
natural history ; Commentaries on the Rhetoric of epigrams of all kinds, was MELEAGER, a cynic
Hermogenes, and on other Greek writers; a poem philosopher of Gadara, in Palestine, about B. c. 60.
in forty-seven hexameters, on Claudius Ptolemaeus, His collection contained epigrams by no less than
and a few other poems ; and his Anthology. (See forty-six poets, of all ages of Greek poetry, up to
Fabric. 1. c. pp. 682—693, vol. i. p. 641, vol
. vi. the most ancient lyric period. He entitled it The
p. 348 ; Hoffmann, Lericon Bibliographicum Garland (Stépavos), with reference, of course, to
Script. Graec. s. v. ) As the Anthology of Planudes the common comparison of small beautiful poems
was not only the latest compiled, but was also that to flowers ; and in the introduction to his work,
which was recognised as The Greek Anthology, until he attaches the names of various flowers, shrubs,
the discovery of the Anthology of Constantinus and herbs, as emblems, to the names of the several
Cephalas, this is chosen as the fittest place for an
poets. The same idea is kept up in the word
account of the
Anthology (dvoodoyla), which was adopted by the
LITERARY HISTORY OF THE GREEK ANTHOLOGY. land of Meleager was arranged in alphabetical
next compiler as the title of his work. The Gar
1. Materials. The various collections, to which order, according to the initial letters of the first
their compilers gave the name of Garlands and line of each epigram.
Anthologies, were made up of short poems, chiefly 3. The Anthology of Philip of Thessalonica. - In
of an epigrammatic character, and in the elegiac the time of Trajan, as it seems, Philip of Thes-
metre. The earliest examples of such poetry were, SALONICA compiled his Anthology ('Avoodosla),
doubtless, furnished by the inscriptions on monu- avowedly in imitation of the Garland of Meleager,
ments, such as those erected to commemorate heroic and chiefly with the view of adding to that col-
deeds, the statues of distinguished men, especially lection the epigrams of more recent writers. The
victors in the public games, sepulchral monuments, arrangement of the work was the same as that of
and dedicatory offerings in temples (avadńuara); Meleager. 1: was also entitled orégavos, as well
to which may be added oracles and proverbial say. as ανθολογία. Another title by which it is quoted
ing. At an early period in the history of Greek | is συλλογή νέων επιγραμμάτων.
VOL. III
CO
## p. 386 (#402) ############################################
386
PLANUDES.
PLANUDES.
a
4. Diogenianus, Straton, and Diogenes Laërtius. parchment, of a quarto form, though somewhat
--Shortly after Philip, in the reign of Hadrian, the longer than it is broad, and contains 710 pages
leurned grammarian, DIOGENIAN US of Heracleia, without reckoning three leaves at the commence-
compiled an Anthology, which is entirely lost. It ment, which are stuck together, and which are
might perhaps have been well if the same fate had also full of epigrams. The writing is by different
befallen the very polluted, though often beautiful hands. The index prefixed to the MS. and the
collection of his contemporary, STRATON of Sar- first 453 pages are in an ancient handwriting ;
dis, the nature of which is sufficiently indicated then follows a later hand, up to p. 644; then again
by its title, Moùoa maidira. About the same time an older handwriting to p. 705. The rest is by a
Diogenes Laërtius collected the epigrams which are hand later than either of the others, and in the
interspersed in his lives of the philosophers, into a same writing are some additions in the other
separate book, under the title of ý náujetpos. parts of the work, the leaves which are stuck to-
[DIOGENES LAERTIUS. ] This collection, however, gether at the beginning, and some pages which
as containing only the poems of Diogenes himself, had been left vacant by the former writers. The
must rather be viewed as among the materials of numbers of the pages are added by a still later
the later Anthologies than as an Anthology in itself. hand, and the first three leaves are not included
5. Agathias Scholasticus. — During the long pe- in the numbering. The most ancient handwriting
riod from the decline of original literature to the is supposed to be of the eleventh century. The
cra when the imitative compositions of the Con- time of the others cannot be fixed with any cer-
stantinopolitan grammarians had reached their tainty. But not only is it thus evident that the
height, we find no more Anthologies. The next MS. was written by different persons and at dif-
was the Kúkos érzypaupátw of AGATHIAS Scho- ferent times, but it is also quite clear that the
LASTICUS, who lived in the time of Justinian. It original design of the work has been materially
was divided into seven books, according to sub- altered by the successive writers. There is an
jects, the first book containing dedicatory poems ; index at the beginning, which states the contents
the second, descriptions of places, statues, pic-of each book of the collection, but, as the MS.
tures, and other works of art; the third, epitaphs ; now stands, its actual contents do not agree with
the fourth, poems on the various events of human this index. (The exact amount of the discrepancies
life ; the fifth, satiric epigrams; the sixth, ama- is stated by Jacobs, who prints the index in his
tory; the seventh, exhortations to the enjoyment Prolegomena, p. Ixv. ) The inference drawn from
of life. This was the earliest Anthology which these variations is that the present MS.
superior, he kept aloof from the contest as far as vir Epul. triump. ex Raetis aedem Saturni fecit
possible. On the fall of Perusia in B. C. 40, he de manubiis agros divisit in Italia Beneventi, in
Aed with Fulvia to Athens, leaving his army to Gallia colonias deduxit Lugdunum et Rauricam. "
shift for itself as it best could. He returned to Plancus had three brothers and a sister, a son and
Italy with Antony, and again accompanied him a daughter. His brothers and son are spoken of
when he went back to the East. Antony then below: his sister Munatia married M. Titins
gave him the government of the province of Asia, (Titius), his daughter Munatia Plancina married
which he abandoned on the invasion of the Par-Cn. Piso. [PLANINA. ] (Caes. B. G. v. 24, &c. ,
thians under T. Labienus, and took refuge in the B. C. i. 40; Hirt. B. Afr. 4; Cic. ad Fam. x.
islands. He subsequently obtained the consulship 1---24, xi. 9, 11, 13—15, xii. 8, Philo iii. 15,
a second time (Plin. H. N. xiii. 3. s. 5), but the xiii. 19 ; Plut. Brut. 19, Anton. 56, 58; Appian,
year is not mentioned : he may have been one of B. C. iii. 46, 74, 81, 97, iv. 12, 37, 45, 5. 33, 35,
the consuls suffecti in B. c. 36. In B. c. 35 he 50, 55, 61, 144 ; Dion Cass. xlvi. 29, 50, 53,
governed the province of Syria for Antony, and xlvii. 16, xlviii. 24, 1. 3; Vell. Pat. ii. 63, 74,
was thought by many to have been the cause of 83; Macrob. Sat. ii
. 2; Suet. IV. Rhet. 6; Plin.
the murder of Sex. Pompeius. On his return to H. N. vii. 10. s. 12 ; Solin. i. 75. )
Alexandria he was coolly received by Antony There are several coins of Plancus. The fol-
on account of the shameless manner in which he lowing one was not struck in B. C. 40, as Eckhel
had plundered the province. He remained at supposes (vol. vi. p. 44), but in B. C. 34 to com-
Alexandria some time longer, taking part in the
orgies of the court, and even condescending on one
occasion to play the part of a mime, and represent
in a ballet the story of Glaucus. But foreseeing
the fall of his patron he resolved to secure himself,
and therefore repaired secretly to Rome in B. C.
32, taking with him his nephew Titius. From
Plancus Octavian received some valuable inform-
ation respecting Antony, especially in relation
to his will, which he employed in exasperating
the Romans against his rival. Plancus himself,
COIN OF L. MUNATIUS PLANCUS.
like other renegades, endeavoured to purchase the
favour of his new master by vilifying his old one ; memorate the victory over the Armenians (Borg-
and on one occasion brought in the senate such hesi, Giorn. Arcad. vol. xxv. p. 359, &c. ). It
abominable charges against Antony, from whom represents on the obverse a lituus and a guttur,
he had received innumerable favours, that Copo which was a vessel used in sacrifices, with the
KOLNVIN
## p. 384 (#400) ############################################
384
PLANCUS.
PLANCUS.
a
legend M. ANTON. IMP. AVG. INVIR. R. P. C. (i. e. 4. CN. MUNATIUS PLANCUS, brother of the
M. Antonius Imperator Augur Triumvir Reipublicae two preceding, praetor elect B. C. 44, was charged
constituendae); and it bears on the reverse a by Caesar in that year with the assignment to his
guttus between a thunderbolt, and a caduceus, with soldiers of lands at Buthrotum in Epeirus. As
the legend L. PLANCVS IMP. ITER. In the draw. Atticus possessed property in the neighbourhood,
ing above the position of the obverse and the re- Cicero commended to Plancus with much earnest-
verse has been accidentally transposed by the artist. ness the interests of his friend. In the following
3. T. MUNATIUS Plancus Bursa, brother of year, B. C. 43, Plancus was praetor, and was
No. 2, was tribune of the plebs B. c. 52, when in allowed by the senate to join his brother Lucius
connection with his colleagues C. Sallustius and in Transalpine Gaul, where he negotiated on his
Q. Pompeius Rufus, he supported the views of brother's behalf with Lepidus, and distinguished
Pompeius Magnus. The latter had set his heart himself by his activity in the command of the
upon the dictatorship, and, in order to obtain this cavalry of his brother's army. His exertions
honour, he was anxious that the state of anarchy brought on a fever: for this reason, and also
and confusion in which Rome was plunged, should because the two consuls had perished, he was sent
be continued, since all parties would thus be ready back to Rome by Lucius. (Cic. ad Att. xvi. 16,
to submit to his supremacy as the only way of ad Fam. x. 6, 11, 15, 17, 21. ).
restoring peace and order. Plancus therefore did 5. L. PLAUTIUS PLANCUS, brother of the three
every thing in his power to increase the anarchy: preceding, was adopted by a L. Plautius, and
on the death of Clodius, he roused the passions of therefore took his praenomen as well as nomen,
the mob by exposing to public view the corpse of but retained his original cognomen, as was the case
their favourite, and he was thus the chief pro- with Metellus Scipio [METELLUS, No. 22), and
moter of the riot which ensued at the funeral, and Pupius Piso. [Piso, No. 18. ] Before his adoption
in which the Curia Hostilia was burnt to the his praenomen was Caius, and hence he is called
ground. His attacks upon Milo were most by Valerius Maximus c. Plautius Plancus. He
vehement, and he dragged him before the popular was included in the proscription of the triumvirs,
assembly to give an account of his murder of B. C. 43, with the consent of his brother Lucius
Clodius. By means of these riots Pompey at. (No. 2). He concealed himself in the neighbour-
tained, to a great extent, his end; for although hood of Salernum ; but the perfumes which he
he failed in being appointed dictator, he was made used and his refined mode of living betrayed his
consul without a colleague. The law De Vi, lurking-place to his pursuers, and to save his slaves,
which he proposed in his consulship, and which who were being tortured to death because they
was intended to deliver him from Milo and his would not betray him, he voluntarily surrendered
other enemies, was strongly supported by Plancus himself to his executioners. (Plin. H. N. xiii. 3.
and Sallustius, who also attempted by threats to s. 5; Val. Max. vi. 8. $ 5; Appian, B. C. iv. 12;
deter Cicero from defending Milo. But when Vell. Pat. ii. 67. ) The following coin, which
Pompey had attained his object, he willingly bears the legends L. PLAVTIVS PLANCVS, must
sacrificed his instruments. At the close of the
year, as soon as his tribunate had expired,
Plancus was accused of the part he had taken in
burning the Curia Hostilia, under the very law
De Vi, in the enactment of which he had taken
80 active a part. The accusation was conducted
by Cicero, and as Plancus received only luke
warm support from Pompey, he was condemned.
Cicero was delighted with his victory, and wrote
to his friend M. Marius (ad Fam. vii. 2) in
extravagant spirits, stating that the condemnation
of Plancus had given him greater pleasure than
the death of Clodius. It would appear from this
letter that Cicero had on some previous occasion have been struck by this Plancus, as no other
defended Plancus. After his condenination
Plautius is mentioned with this cognomen. This
Plancus repaired to Ravenna in Cisalpine Gaul, coin, representing on the obverse a mask, and on
where he was kindly received by Caesar. Soon the reverse Aurora leading four horses, refers to a
after the beginning of the civil war he was re- circumstance which happened in the censorship of
stored to his civic rights by Caesar ; and from c. Plautius Venox, who filled this office with Ap.
that time he continued to reside at Rome, taking Claudius Caecus in B. c. 312. It is related that
no part apparently in the civil war ; and the
only the tibicines having quarrelled with the censor
thing by which he showed his gratitude to the Ap. Claudius left Rome and went to Tibur ; but
dictator, was by fighting as a gladiator, together
as the people felt the loss of them, the other censor,
with several other citizens, on the occasion of Plautius, had them placed in waggons one night
Caesar's triumph after his return from Spain, when they were drunk, and conveyed to Rome,
B. c. 45. After Caesar's death Plancus fought on where they arrived early next morning; and, that
Antony's side in the campaign of Mutina, but he they might not be recognised by the magistrates,
was unsuccessful ; he was driven out of Pollentia he caused their faces to be covered with masks.
by Pontius Aquila, the legate of D. Brutus, and The tale is related at length by Ovid (Fast. vi.
in his flight broke his leg. (Dion Cass. xl. 49, 651), and the following lines in particular throw
55, xlvi. 38 ; Plut. Pomp. 55, Cat. 48 ; Ascon: light upon the subject of the coin : -
in Cic. Mil. p. 32, &c. , ed. Orelli ; Cic. ad Att. “ Jamque per Esquilias Romanam intraverat
vi. 1. 8 10, ad Fam. xii. 18, Phil. vi. 4, x. 10,
urbem,
xi. 6, xii. 8, xiii. 12. )
Et mane in medio plaustra fuere foro.
COIN OF L. PLAUTIUS PLANCUS.
## p. 385 (#401) ############################################
PLANUDES.
PLANUDES.
385
PLAUTIUB, ut possent specie numeroque senatum | literature, poets of the highest fame cultivated this
Fallere, personis imperat ora tegi. "
species of composition, which received its most
perfect development from the hand of Simonides.
(Comp. Eckhel, vol. v. p. 276, &c. )
6. L. MUNATIUS PLANCUS, son of No. 2, was
Thenceforth, as a set forin of poetry, it became a
consul A. D. 13 with C. Silius. In the following sentiments on any subject ; until at last the form
fit vehicle for the brief expression of thonghts and
year he was sent by the senate after the death of
Augustus to the mutinous legions of Germanicus came to be cultivated for its own sake, and the
in the territory of the Ubii, and there narrowly ability to make epigrams an essential part of the
literati of Alexandria and Byzantium deerned the
escaped death at the hands of the soldiers (Dion character of a scholar. Hence the mere trifling,
Cass. Ivi. 28; Suet. Aug. 101 ; Tac. Ann. i. 39. )
PLANTA, POMPEIUS, praefect of Egypt in which form to large a part of the epigrammatic
the stupid jokes, and the wretched personalities,
the reign of Trajan. (Plin. Ep. x. 7 or 5. )
PLĂNU'DES (Favouons), surnamed Maxi poetry contained in the Greek Anthology.
MUS, was one of the most learned of the Constan. ference has already been made, are often quoted by
The monumental inscriptions, to which re-
tinopolitan monks of the last age of the Greek the ancient writers as historical authorities, as, for
empire, and was greatly distinguished as a theolo-
gian, grammarian, and rhetorician; but his name later writers, such as Diodorus and Plutarch,
example, by Herodotus and Thucydides ; and by
is now chiefly interesting as that of the compiler
of the latest of those collections of minor Greek partly as authorities, partly to embellish their
works. This use of inscriptions would naturally
poems, which were known by the names of Gar-
lands or Anthologies (Etépavoi
, 'Avoodoylai). Pla- suggest the idea of collecting them. The earliest
known collection was made by the geographer
nudes lourished at Constantinople in the first half Polemon (B. c. 200), in a work neplºtūv kard
of the fourteenth century, under the emperors FOX ELS Éteypaupátwv (Ath. x. p. 436, d. , p. 442, e. ).
Andronicus II. and III. Palaeologi
. In A. D. 1327 He also wrote other works, on votive offerings,
he was sent by Andronicus II. as ambassador to
Venice. Nothing more is known of his life with matic inscriptions on them. (POLEMON. ) Simi-
which are likely to have contained the epigram-
any certainty, except that he was somewhat dis- lar collections were made by Alcetas, Tepl Twv év
posed to the tenets of the Roman Church, which, AcApois dvaonudtw (Ath. xiii, p. 591, c. ), by
however, a short imprisonment seems to have in- Menestor, év tý tepl dvaðnuárwx (Ath. xiii.
duced him to renounce. (See Fabric. Bibl. Graec.
vol. xi. p. 682, and the authorities quoted in 0. 594, d. ), and perhaps by Apellas Ponticus.
These persons collected chiefly the inscriptions on
Harles's note. ) His works, of which several only
exist in Ms. , are not of sufficient importance to offerings (drabhuara): epigrams of other kinds
were also collected, as the Theban Epigrams, by
be enumerated individually. They consist of ora-
tions and homilies ; translations from Latin into Attic by Philochorus (Suid. s. v. , the reading is,
Aristodemus (Schol. in Apoll. Rhod. ii. 906), the
Greek of Cicero's Somnium Scipionis, Caesar de however, somewhat doubtful), and others by
Bello Gallico, Ovid's Metamorphoses, Cato's Dis- Neoptolemus of Paros (Ath. x. 454, f. ), and Eu-
ticha Moralia, Boëthius de Consolatione, St. Au- hemerus (Lactant. Instit. Div. í. 9 ; Cic. de Nat.
gustin
de Trinitate and de Civitate Dei, and
Dona- Deor. i. 42).
tus's Grammatica Parva; two grammatical works ;
a collection of Aesop's Fables, with a worthless pilers chiefly collected epigrams of particular
2. The Garland of Meleager. The above com-
Life of Aesop; some arithmetical works, especially classes, and with reference to their use as historical
Scholia, of no great value, on the first two books authorities. The first person who made such a
of the Arithmetic of Diophantus ; a few works on collection solely for its own sake, and to preserve
natural history ; Commentaries on the Rhetoric of epigrams of all kinds, was MELEAGER, a cynic
Hermogenes, and on other Greek writers; a poem philosopher of Gadara, in Palestine, about B. c. 60.
in forty-seven hexameters, on Claudius Ptolemaeus, His collection contained epigrams by no less than
and a few other poems ; and his Anthology. (See forty-six poets, of all ages of Greek poetry, up to
Fabric. 1. c. pp. 682—693, vol. i. p. 641, vol
. vi. the most ancient lyric period. He entitled it The
p. 348 ; Hoffmann, Lericon Bibliographicum Garland (Stépavos), with reference, of course, to
Script. Graec. s. v. ) As the Anthology of Planudes the common comparison of small beautiful poems
was not only the latest compiled, but was also that to flowers ; and in the introduction to his work,
which was recognised as The Greek Anthology, until he attaches the names of various flowers, shrubs,
the discovery of the Anthology of Constantinus and herbs, as emblems, to the names of the several
Cephalas, this is chosen as the fittest place for an
poets. The same idea is kept up in the word
account of the
Anthology (dvoodoyla), which was adopted by the
LITERARY HISTORY OF THE GREEK ANTHOLOGY. land of Meleager was arranged in alphabetical
next compiler as the title of his work. The Gar
1. Materials. The various collections, to which order, according to the initial letters of the first
their compilers gave the name of Garlands and line of each epigram.
Anthologies, were made up of short poems, chiefly 3. The Anthology of Philip of Thessalonica. - In
of an epigrammatic character, and in the elegiac the time of Trajan, as it seems, Philip of Thes-
metre. The earliest examples of such poetry were, SALONICA compiled his Anthology ('Avoodosla),
doubtless, furnished by the inscriptions on monu- avowedly in imitation of the Garland of Meleager,
ments, such as those erected to commemorate heroic and chiefly with the view of adding to that col-
deeds, the statues of distinguished men, especially lection the epigrams of more recent writers. The
victors in the public games, sepulchral monuments, arrangement of the work was the same as that of
and dedicatory offerings in temples (avadńuara); Meleager. 1: was also entitled orégavos, as well
to which may be added oracles and proverbial say. as ανθολογία. Another title by which it is quoted
ing. At an early period in the history of Greek | is συλλογή νέων επιγραμμάτων.
VOL. III
CO
## p. 386 (#402) ############################################
386
PLANUDES.
PLANUDES.
a
4. Diogenianus, Straton, and Diogenes Laërtius. parchment, of a quarto form, though somewhat
--Shortly after Philip, in the reign of Hadrian, the longer than it is broad, and contains 710 pages
leurned grammarian, DIOGENIAN US of Heracleia, without reckoning three leaves at the commence-
compiled an Anthology, which is entirely lost. It ment, which are stuck together, and which are
might perhaps have been well if the same fate had also full of epigrams. The writing is by different
befallen the very polluted, though often beautiful hands. The index prefixed to the MS. and the
collection of his contemporary, STRATON of Sar- first 453 pages are in an ancient handwriting ;
dis, the nature of which is sufficiently indicated then follows a later hand, up to p. 644; then again
by its title, Moùoa maidira. About the same time an older handwriting to p. 705. The rest is by a
Diogenes Laërtius collected the epigrams which are hand later than either of the others, and in the
interspersed in his lives of the philosophers, into a same writing are some additions in the other
separate book, under the title of ý náujetpos. parts of the work, the leaves which are stuck to-
[DIOGENES LAERTIUS. ] This collection, however, gether at the beginning, and some pages which
as containing only the poems of Diogenes himself, had been left vacant by the former writers. The
must rather be viewed as among the materials of numbers of the pages are added by a still later
the later Anthologies than as an Anthology in itself. hand, and the first three leaves are not included
5. Agathias Scholasticus. — During the long pe- in the numbering. The most ancient handwriting
riod from the decline of original literature to the is supposed to be of the eleventh century. The
cra when the imitative compositions of the Con- time of the others cannot be fixed with any cer-
stantinopolitan grammarians had reached their tainty. But not only is it thus evident that the
height, we find no more Anthologies. The next MS. was written by different persons and at dif-
was the Kúkos érzypaupátw of AGATHIAS Scho- ferent times, but it is also quite clear that the
LASTICUS, who lived in the time of Justinian. It original design of the work has been materially
was divided into seven books, according to sub- altered by the successive writers. There is an
jects, the first book containing dedicatory poems ; index at the beginning, which states the contents
the second, descriptions of places, statues, pic-of each book of the collection, but, as the MS.
tures, and other works of art; the third, epitaphs ; now stands, its actual contents do not agree with
the fourth, poems on the various events of human this index. (The exact amount of the discrepancies
life ; the fifth, satiric epigrams; the sixth, ama- is stated by Jacobs, who prints the index in his
tory; the seventh, exhortations to the enjoyment Prolegomena, p. Ixv. ) The inference drawn from
of life. This was the earliest Anthology which these variations is that the present MS.
