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The Italians affirm they are the only masters of
good letters and eloquence, and flatter themselves on this account, that
of all others they only are not barbarous.

Word:

themselves

Question:

Why do the Italians believe that they alone are not barbarous due to their mastery of good letters and eloquence?

Answer (optional):

The Italians believe that they alone are not barbarous due to their mastery of good letters and eloquence because they view themselves as the only masters of these skills. This belief is rooted in their self-love and pride as a nation, which leads them to flatter themselves with the idea that they are more civilized and cultured than other nations.