No More Learning

O'Dogherty, i. e. Eachmarcach, lord of Inisowen,
died, and a great contention arose amongst his own race about the lordship, until Gerald, son of Donal, son of Felim O’Dogherty, was appointed the lord.
Breasal O'Madden, lord Siol Anmcha (in Galway), man distinguished for his mildness, humanity, valour, and just judgments, died.
A. D. 1527 Laurence, abbot Lisgoole, died.
Maguire, i. e. Conor, died, and the coarb, name ly, Cuchonacht, the son Cuchonacht, the son Bryan, was nominated the Maguire, his succes sor, by O’Donnell.
Tirerrill, Cormac, the son Bryan, died, and contest arose at the instigation of the tribe of Rickard Burke. amongst the Mac Donoghs about the lordship,
O’Donnell marched with a force into Tyrawley,
Teige, son
The chiefs of Tirconnell joined that army, and also
Maguire, i. e. Cuchonact, with the forces of Fer managh; these chiefs proceeded immediately to
Sligo, and O’Donnell's forces conveyed much corn belonging to the tribe of Bryan O’Connor, at Cuil
Iorra, to Sligo, and what they did not carry with them they completely destroyed. O’Donnell then
marched with his forces into Tyrawley, and took
the castles of Caorthanan and of Crossmolina, in
which castles he got many prisoners, and much
booty; he pulled down and completely demolish
ed those castles, so as to render them uninhabi
table, after which he made amicable peace and
unanimity between the tribe of Rickard Burke and
the Barretts, so that he left them on friendly terms
with each other. O’Donnell, on his return, en
camped at Colooney, the inhabitants of which being, at the time, in opposition and insubordi
until Owen, the son Donogh, son Murrogh, was appointed the Mac Donogh.
Bryan, the son Felim, son Manus O’Con or, and Donal, the son Felim, son Torlogh Carragh O'Conor, died.
Flaherty, the son Roderick, son Bryan Maguire, was killed by the people Tullaghaw, namely, Anthony, the son Manus MacGauran.
Aulave Oge Duv MacAuley, the chief Calry (in Westmeath), was slain the Clan Coleman;
but previous his death had his revenge, for slew the same place Fiochaidh Mac Geoghegan.
O'Clery, Giolla Riavach, the son Teige Cam, man distinguished the arts, history, poetry, and literature, man respected, rich and affluent, and great power, died the Fran ciscan habit (at the monastery Donegal), the
8th day March.
The doctor O’Dunslevey, (O’Dunleavey Do
nation to him, he spoiled and burned the corn
belonging the tribe Cormac Mac Donogh,
after which spoiling and destruction they gave Medicine, and learned the other arts, man
Torlogh, the son
Felim, the son O’Donnell, died.
Eigneachan O'Donnell, and Geoffrey, son John Lurg
Mac Donogh
negal), Donogh, the son Owen, Doctor
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REIGN OF HENRY VIII.
great affluence and wealth, and who kept an open war against him; the time Manus commenced this house of general hospitality, died on the 30th of work was the Wednesday after the festival St.
September.
The son of Manus Maguire, i. e. Thomas Oge,
the son of Cathal Oge, son of Cathal Oge, Biatach of Seanaigh, (keeper of a house of general hospi tality at Seanaigh, in Fermanagh), official of Lough Erne, (vicar general of Clogher), a man learned and experienced in the arts, a man full of fame and excellence, in the neighbouring districts, died.
Roderick, the son Murrogh Mac Sweeney,
Brendan, summer, and was part the same summer.
completed
Tiarnan, son Brefney, the
was killed his own kinsmen. William, the son Andrew Magrath,
man
St. Francis, after extreme unction and repentance. O’Brien, Torlogh, the son Teige, for
long time the most eminent the Irish Leath Mogha (Southern Ireland), nobility and hospi tality, worthy representative Bryan Boroimhe,
carrying war against the English, died after extreme unction and repentance, and his son Co nor was appointed his successor.
Fionnguala, the daughter O’Brien,
Conor-na-Srona, the son Torlogh, son Bryan
the Battle Nenagh, the wife O’Donnell, i. e. Hugh Roe, who was the most distinguished
woman her time for good name and excellence,
regarded body and soul, after having spent her
life and means acts charity and humanity,
riches and affluence, died.
Caitilin (Katheleen), the daughter Con, son
Donal O’Neill, pious and very hospitable woman, who was the wife worthy men, namely, first O’Reilly, and afterwards O’Rourke, died after extreme unction and repentance.
O’Donnell, Hugh, the son Hugh Roe,
marched with force into Connaught, and the fol lowing were those who joined his forces, namely, O'Boyle, O’Dogherty, the three Mac Sweeneys, Maguire, namely, Cuchonacht, with the military Fermanagh, and the chiefs North Connaught,
A. D. 1528. Owen, the son
O’Rourke, Teige, son
bility, the race Hugh Finn, died
Tiarnan More, lord defending pillar hospitality, feats
arms, and no the habit
with their troops; and they did not halt until and after having been twenty-two years the
they reached Moylurg Roscommon), and they
laid waste the entire country, both corn and dwel lings; they afterwards marched take the great castle Mac Costello (in the barony Costello,
Mayo), which was strong and impregnable fortress, for that castle was well supplied with sorts defensivemilitary instruments that were then used Ireland, against attacking enemies, such
provisions, ordnance, and every description
weapons. Those chiefs, however, laid siege the
castle, and surrounded the whole place with their forces, that they permitted one pass
from until was length taken. On the same
expedition they took the castle Mendoda (Ban ada, Sligo), the castle the port Bally-na
Franciscan habit, died the first day Lent, being the 15th February, and was buried the monastery Donegal, which had been founded during her own life-time.
Con; the son O’Neill, son Art O’Neill,
experienced military leader, was slain April, the son Art Oge O'Neill,
O'Neill, and party the people
Maguire; and the two sons O’Neill,
Art Oge, namely, Henry and Cormac, who were
imprisonment with O’Neill, Con, the son Con, for long time before that, were delivered O'Neill the sons Con, son Niall, who
hanged the two revenge their father.
Mac Dermott Moylurg, Cornac, the son Roderick, the most distinguished man for hos
Huamha, and Castlerea (both Roscommon), and
they demolished those castles after taking them; pitality and generosity, the high-tempered steel
Hugh Buighe, the son Dubhaltach (Dudley),
Connaught war and conflict, the defender
his territory against invading tribes, died after ex treme unction and repentance, and was succeeded
his brother Dermod.
Mac Carthy Riavach, Donal, died.
The castle Colooney was taken from Mac
O'Gallagher, was slain that army nell's side, before Bealach Buidhe.
O’Don
The castle Leithbhir (Lifford,
Manus O’Donnell, while O'Neill carried
Donegal), was completed stone, wood, and board works,
the 15th the Hugh
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388 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1528.
Donogh by his own brother, Murtogh, the son of having taken hostages and tribute from Mac Der Donogh, son of Murrogh; and Mac Donogh him mott, he returned home safe to his country.
self, and his son Murrogh, were shortly after taken prisoners by O’Dowd, and by the same Mur togh; and another son of Mac Donogh, namely, Donogh, was slain by them at the same time.
O’Donnell, accompanied by a large body of the
Scots, commanded by Alexander (Mac Donnell), the son of John Cathanach, marched with his forces into Moylurg; they cut through the pass called Bealach Buidhe (in Roscommon), and after
III. The Kingdom of Ulster. —The ancient history of Ulster is continued in this article from page 369, and in the former part an account has been given of the first coonies that peopled Ireland, and of the Celts, Scythians, and other ancient nations, and of the Slavonic, Teutonic, and Celtic races who compose the inhabitants of Europe. The Teutonic race, as already explained, form inany of the great European nations, as the Germans, Danes, Swedes, Norwegians, Dutch, Swiss, English, and Anglo-Irish, and the colonies planted by them in Asia, Africa, and America. The Germans are chiefly Teutons of Scythian or Gothic origin, but there is also a great mixture amongst them of the old Celtic race. The French are chiefly composedof the Celtic or Gaulish race, but contain a considerable mixture of German or Teutonic blood, for the Franks and Burgundians who conquered Gaul in the time of the Romans were of the Teutonic race, and there is also in France a great mixture of the Roman blood, as the Romans held Gaul as a province for many centuries, and there is likewise some of the Greek race, as the Greeks settled colonies in Gaul. The Italians have a considerable mixture of the old Celtic-Gaulish race, and of the Etrurian race, who were also Celts; they have also much of the Teutonic blood from the Goths, Longobards, and other northern nations who conquered Italy in the time of the Romans; and the German race in modern times rule over a great part of Italy; the Italian people are also to a great extent composedof the old Roman race, with a mixture of Greek blood. The Spaniards and Por tuguese contain a great deal of the old Celtic race, with a large mixture of the Scythian and Teutonic race, from the Goths and Vandals who conquered Spain in the time of the Romans; and the Spaniards and Portuguese have likewise a large mixture of the Roman, Carthaginian, and Moorish blood, as Spain was conquered and held for centuries by these different nations. The English are chiefly composed of the Teutonic race, namely, the Anglo Saxons, Danes, and Anglo-Normans, with someof the Roman race, as the Romans held Britain as a province for five hundred years; there is likewise amongst the English and Welsh a great deal of the old British or Celtic race, and of the Belgians from Gaul, and in mo dern times there is a large mixture of the IrishCeltic race in England. The Scotch are chiefly composed of the old Celtic race of Picts and Caledonians, with a mixture of Anglo-Saxons, Danes, and Anglo Normans. The Irish are composed of the old Celtic race, of the Fir bolgor Belgians of Gaul, of the Milesians and Brigantes of Spain, who were of Celto-Scythian origin, with a mixture of the Celtiberians, Cantabrians, and Phenicians of Spain, and also of the Fomorians or Africans, who were Canaanites, and of the Danans, a colony of eastern origin, supposed to be Chaldeans or Persians; and lastly, the Irish have a great intermixture of Danish, Anglo-Norman, and Anglo-Saxon blood.
The Milesians, as already shewn in the preceding number, were
a colony which came to Ireland from Spain, and are represented by our old annalists as originally Scythians. According to Bo chart and other authorities, quoted by sir Laurence Parsons, in his learned work entitled “A Defence of the Ancient History of Ire land,” it is shewn that some of the Scythian nations bordering on Phenicia, Palestine, and Syria, became mixed with the Phenicians,
and some of those mixed people of Scythian and Phenician origin, or Scytho-Phenicians who had settled in Spain, in very re
O’Mulvey, chief of Teallach Carolan (in Leitrim) i. e. Cathal, the son of Donal, son of Anthony Buighe, died.
A great wind arose on the Friday before Christ mas, which prostrated a great number of trees throughout Ireland, levelled many stone and wood
en buildings, and threw down the wall of the mo nastery of 1)onegal, and also swept away, sunk, and destroyed many vessels.
mote ages, are considered to have been the ancestors of the Mile sian colony that came to Ireland from Spain about a thousand years before the Christian era. The great affinity between the Phenician and Hillermo-Celtic or Irish language and alphabet, as explained in the article on the Fomorians, has beenshown by various learned antiquaries, as Wallancey, Laurence Parsons, sirWilliam Betham, Willaneuva, and others, and they have likewise pointed out simi larity between the Irish language and that the Carthaginians, who were colony theTyrians and Phenicians. The Phenician alphabet was first brought Greece from Egypt Cadmus, about fifteen centuries before the Christian era, and Phenix, brother Cadmus, the Phenician, who first introduced letters amongst the Greeks and Plenicians, considered O'Flaherty, Charles O'Conor, and others, the same the celebrated Pheniusa Feniusa Farsa the old Irish historians, who state that
was king Scythia, and ancestor the Milesians Spain, who came Ireland, and being man great learning, said have
invented the Irish alphabet which his Milesian posterity brought Ireland, and may further observed, that the Irish their own language were from Phenius Feniusa called Feine, term latinised Phenii, and signifying Phenicians, shown by Charles O'Conor, and O'Brien's Dictionary. The Brigantes, whom account lias beenalready given colony from Spain who accompanied the Milesians Ireland, were, according Mariana
and other Spanish historians, originally some the Brigas Phrygians from Asia Minor, and the same people the ancient Trojans, and colony these Phrygians were some the first inhabitants Spain.
Ancient Names Ireland. —In the time the first colonies Partholanians, Nemedians, Fomorians, and Firbolg, appears
Ireland was known the names Inis Ealga, signifying the Noble Excellent Island, and latinised Insula nobilis, and Fiodh-Inis, the Woody Island, latimised Insula memorosa,from the great
forests oak, &c. , with which the country was covered; Crioch Fuinidh, signifying the Final most remote country, and latinised Terra finalis, was also one the ancient names Ireland.
Inisfail, signifying the Island Destiny, andlatinised Inisfalia, and Insula fatalis was likewise one the mostancient names Ire land, and was called the Tuath De Danan, said, from the Lia-Fail Liag Fail, called the Stone Destiny, which the Da naus brought Ireland, and which the Irish kings were for many ages inaugurated Tara. Ireland frequently designated by the bards under the name Inis Fail, simply Fail, which appears
have been favourite epithet. The Dauans also gave Ireland the names Eire, Fodhla, and Banba, from three their queens who were called; Fodhla, pronounced Fola, and Bamba,appear
have been favourite names, and are frequently used the bards, being beautiful and euphonious sound.
Erin. —The name Eire becamethe chief appellation for Ireland, and pronounced Eir-e, word two syllables; from Eire
have been derived the names Eri, Eriu, Eirin, and lastly Erin, hence the inhabitants of Ireland have been denominated Irish Eiriomach and Eirionaigh, latinised Erigena, Erigemae, and Erinenses; Eria, shown O'Conor, Keating, and O'Flaherty, was also ancignt name applied Egypt, and likewise the island Crete Greece, now called Candia; Eire Erin, be
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A. D. 1529.
ONAL Oge, i. e. the
Mac Sweeny of Fanat,
the son of Donal, son of
Torlogh Roe, lord of
Fanat, for one year,
died, after having put
on the habit of the or
der of the Virgin Mary
(Carmelites or White friars, at Rathmullen, in
Donegal).
Edmond, the son of
Donal Mac Sweeney, and Edmond Roe, his son, fell on the same day
by the hand of Torlogh, the son of Roderick, son of Maolmurry Mac Sweeney.
camethe chief name of Ireland, and it is so called to the present day by the Irish people.
Ierne. —By various Greek writers Ireland was called Ierne and Iernis, and in a Greek poem called the Argonautica of Orpheus, written at Athens, more than five hundred years before the Chris tian era, according to O'Brien in his Dictionary, at the word Eirin, and O'Flaherty's Ogygia, by Orpheus of Crotona, who was called Onomacritus, Erin or Ireland is mentioned under the name Iernis, and it is stated in the poem that the Argonauts passed Neson Iernida, that the Island Iernis, and that Iernis the writer meantIreland, was the opinion Bochart, Cainden, Usher, and other most learned antiquaries, and Usher remarks, that the Ro mansthemselves could not produce such testimony their an tiquity: thus Ireland was mentioned the Greek writers five hundred years before the Christian era, and more than two thou sand three hundred years ago; the passages from the Greek poem
389
Bryan Ballach, the son Niall, son Con
O'Neill, was killed Cormac Mac Quillan, the same Cormac being the company and friendship
Bryan, after they had left Carrickfergus.
Cathal, the son Owen, son Hugh Maguire, died.
Bryan Roe, the son John Maguire, was killed the cast dart, while endeavouring inter cede between the people Coole Fermanagh),
and the people the Machaire (or Plain).
The son Mac Dougal Scotland was killed
the single stroke sword, the door-way Cuil Mac-an-Treoin, Hugh Buighe O’Donnell.
The castle Cuil-Mac-an-Treoin (in the ba rony Inisowen, Donegal), was taken Ma
Ierne, and well known the mariners the ship the work the universe, styled Perikosmou
the Sacred Isle. Ireland was called several
*cribed Aristotle; according others written
celebrated seat Druidisin, and this name considered have the same signification the Greek term Ierme, and derived from the Greek Ieros, sacred, and Nesos, island. Hanno and Him
his disciple Theophrastus more than three centuries before the Christian era,
REIGN OF HENRY VIII.
Orpheus are given full, with various able arguments
point, Laurence Parsons, his learned “Defence
Ancient History Ireland. ” The famous Argonautic expedition
Greece,under Jason, took place more than thousand years beforethe Christian era, and these adventurers, according various accounts, sailed through the Euxine, and according some,through the Mediterranean, and the poem above quoted, they passed the island Iernis, Ireland. Hadrianus Junius,
Dutch poet the sixteenth century, thus alludes Ireland having beenknown the Argonauts:–
“Illa ego sum Graiis olim glacialis Ierne
Dicta, Jasoniae puppis bene cognita nautis. ”
“I am that (island) ancient times called the Greeks the icy
Jason. ”
De Mundo,
the Nesoi Bretanikai, the two Bretannic islands, Albion Kai ilco, celebrated Carthaginian commanders, made voyages {orne, that Albion, England and Ireland, are mentioned; and various countries Europe about six seven centuries before the
the
the
Pr. O'Conor considers that the name Breattan was derived Christian era, and the record their voyages, termed Periplus,
from the Celtic Breat, metal, and tan, territory, hence *gnifying the country metals, and that the name was first §"on by the Phenicians, from the celebrated tin mines worked
was deposited Hanno the temple Cronus, Carthage;
Cornwall by the Phenician traders very remote times; and
and from the Annals Festus Avienus,
century, extracted
Carthage, the Punic language, ltufus Roman poet and geographer the fourth account various countries from the
**ing Laurence Parsons and others, the Phenicians are *idered have worked mines lead and other metals Ire
Periplus Hanno, and this work Britain and Ireland are mentioned, and the passage referring Ireland follows,
nus O’Donnell, and, after sult was that he demolished The Cosnamhach, son
consultation, the re the castle.
Fergal, son Donogh Duv Mac Eagan, the most celebrated professor
land those early ages; hence Ireland mentioned one the Bretannic islands. the century before the Christian era, Ireland mentioned Diodorus Siculus under the Greek name Iris
and the celebrated Greek geographer Strabo, the beginning the first century, calls Ireland Ierne; Dionysius Periegetes, another great Greek geographer the first century, mentions the Nesoi Bretannides, the Bretannic islands, namely, Albion England the east, and Ierne Ireland the west.
the fourth century, the Roman poet Claudian, his panegyric the Roman general Theodosius, celebrating his victories
Britain over the Saxons and Picts North Britain, and their allies the Scots Ireland, has the following passage:–
“Maduerunt Saxone fuso Orcades, Incaluit Pictorum sanguine Thule, Scotorum cumulosflewitglacialis Ierne. ”
“The Orkneys were saturated with Saxon gore, Thule grew warm with the blood the Picts, and icy Ireland wept over the heaps
her Scots who were slain. ” Diodorus Siculus gives, from Heca teus, ancient writer, account the Hyperborean island, about large Sicily, situated over against Gaul, which was
famous temple round form dedicated Latona and Apollo
(the Sun), the praises
which his priests, with their harps, constantly sung that deity, and this island supposed have been Ireland, and that the worship alluded was
either Britain
Sabeism Strabo says there was island near Britain where sa crifices were offered Ceres and Proserpine the same manner
the island the chief seat
Samos Samothrace, Greece, which was the celebrated form idolatry called Cabirism.
Insula Sacra
Roman writers, Insula Sacra, the sacred island, from its being
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390 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1529.
the countries of the Gael, in the laws, poetry, and Mac Egan of Ormond, i. e. Donal, the son of general Brehonism, died, and was interred at El Hugh, son of Donal, chief of the learned of Leath
phin.
from the poem which is given in the first volume of O'Conor's Rerum Hibernicarum Scriptores Veteres:
“Ast hinc duobus in sacram, sic insulam Direre prisci, solibus cursus rati est; Haec inter undas multam cespitem jacit, Eamgue late gens Hibernorum colit, Propinqua rursus insula Albionum patet. ”
“But from this place (namely, the Scilly islands, off the coast of England), to the island which the ancients called sacred, is a distance of two days' sail; land extends widely amidst the
Mogha, in laws and poetry, died.
Hibernia, &c. , are only changes and modifications the Greek name Ierne. By Dioscorides, the first century, quoted by O'Flaherty, Ireland was called Hiberi; and the Itinerary Antoninus, quoted O'Brien's Dictionary,
waters, and the nation near lies the island England). ”
The origin explained
Hibernians extensively inhabit and the Albiones (that Albion
Ussher, O'Flaherty, and
Ossory, appended the life
translated by Edmond Swift.
Milesian colony who came from Spain, explained the article
the Milesians, who were called the Irish Clanna Scuit, Scuit, name which was latinised Scoti Scotti, and anglicised Scots, and hence the country was called Scotia. Ireland first mentioned by the name Scotia, and its inhabitants Scoti, the third century, Latin writers; and from the third the twelfth century, the country and its people are mentioned under those names various writers. The celebrated philosopher Porphyry Tyre, the third century, the first writer recorded who called the Irish Scoti, the following passage from his writings quoted by St. Jerome:—“Neque enim Britannia fertilis provincia tyrannorum, Scoticae gentes omnesque usque ocea num per circuitum Barbaras nationes Moysen Prophetasque cognoverant,” “For neither Britain, province fertile tyrants, nor the Scottish people, nor all the barbarous surrounding nations, even unto the ocean, have ever known Moses the prophets. ” St. Ambrose, St. Jerome, and the Roman poet Claudian, the fourth century, before quoted, mention the Irish the name
the names Ierne and Erin has been variously antiquaries. Bochart and Villaneuva considered that
Jocelyn the monk, got the name Scotia from the
Iberne, which signified the most remote bounds habitations, Ireland was then the most remote part the known world; and Bochart
was opinion, that the Greeks did not visit Ireland those early ages, they got the name Ierne from the Phenicians, the only people who had intercourse with Ireland those remote times, and are therefore considered have given Ireland the name Ierne, which appears derived from the Irish Eire Eirinn, and the Phenicians are considered by various able antiquaries have visited Ireland and settled colonies more than three thousand years ago. According Doctor O'Conor, Camden, and others, the name Eirin signifies the Western Isle,
Ierne was derived from the Phenician words Iberin
historians state that Ireland got the name Eire from one the Danan queens. Charles O'Conor, his Dissertations, considers that Eire, Eri, was derived from Erithrea, the name the
primus episcopus mittitur,” “Palladius ordained Pope
Celestine, and sent the first bishop the Scots (the Irish), believing Christ. ” the fifth century, Paulus Orosius,
the celebrated Spanish ecclesiastic and historian, thus mentions Ireland :—“Hibernia Insula inter Britanniam Hispaniam sita, &c. ; haecproprior Britanniae spatio terrarum angustior, sed coeli solique temperie magis utilis Scotorum gentibus colitur—hinc etiam Mevania insula proxima est, ipsa spatio non parva solo commoda, eque Scotorum gentibus habitatur,” “Hibernia, island situated between Britain and Spain, &c. ; this nearer Britain, and smaller the extent its territory, but more favourable the temperature climate and its soil; inhabited by the nations the Scots. The Isle Mann the
country the Erithreans, who were Phenicians
Red Sea, and colony whom came Ireland.
Ierne from the Greek Ieros, sacred, and nesos,
nifying the sacred isle, the same the Insula Sacra the Roman writers; and lastly, some consider that Ierne was derived
the Greeks from Eire Gildas Badonicus, quoted the inhabitants Irenses.
Eirin, the native name. the life
Ogygia, the most ancient land. —Plutarch,
Ussher, Ireland
called Iren, and
the first cen
tury, calls Ireland Ogygia; and according O'Flaherty, Egypt
was also called Ogygia; and Camden says Ireland justly called
nearest and that also soil, and likewise inhabited century, St. Isidore, bishop
considerable size and favourable the Scottish people. ” the sixth
Seville, Spain, thus speaks
Ogygia, which signifies most ancient, the Irish date their his
tory from the most remote antiquity; O'Flaherty has adopted the
name Ogygia for his celebrated work Irish history and antiquities.
Ireland passagequoted by Charles O'Conor from Peter Lom bard, primate Armagh. “Scotia, the same Hibernia,
Syria, near the Others derive island, thus sig
Hibernia. --In the century before the Christian era, Ireland
first called Hibernia by Julius Caesar, his account Britain,
which thus mentions Ireland:—“Qua parte est Hibernia
dimidio minor existimatur quam Britannia,” “On which side
(the west), lies Ireland, less half, supposed, than Britain. ”
Tacitus, the first century, his life Agricola, mentions Ire
land under the name Hibernia, and says, “Melius aditus portus
que per commercia negociatores cogniti,” thus stating, that its
approaches and harbours were better known commerce and
mariners than those Britain. By various Roman writers,
Pliny, Juvenal, &c. , Ireland mentioned those early times clarior viris. ” “Scotia, which also called Ireland, island under the names Juverna, Juvernia, Ouvernia, Ibernia, Ierna, the main ocean, very fertile soil, but more renowned for and Vernia; and the Greek geographer Ptolemy, the second most holy men. ” The celebrated Anglo-Saxon historian, the century, called Iouernia Ivernia, all which names, venerable Bede, thus speaks Ireland the eighth century:-
Ireland called Iberione; and St. Patrick,
called his Confession, which given vol.
Hib. Scrip. , Ireland called Hiberione and Hiberia, and the people, Hiberiones and Hiberionaces. By various Latin writers the Irish are called Hiberni and Hibernenses.
Scotia, the land the Scots-Ireland called Scotia
various Roman and other Latin writers,
treatise
St. Patrick,
island very near Britain, less extent but far more fertile soil. ” the sixth century also, Gildas, the British historian,
mentions Ireland Scotia; and the seventh century, St. Adam nan, the celebrated abbot Iona, his Life St. Columkille, calls Ireland Scotia, and the Irish Scoti. Killian, celebrated Irish saint the seventh century, went missionary Ger many, and became the first bishop Wurtzburg, and apostle Franconia; his Life quoted Lanigan, his country called Scotia the following passage, “Scotia quae Hibernia dicitur insula est maris oceani fecunda quidem glebis, sed sanctissimis
the word Eirin, the Latin work O'Conor's Rer.
fully explained by David Roth, bishop
derived from the Irish Iar, the west, and in, island, the most western isle Europe. Vallancey supposed Erin
being
the same Iran, the ancient name Persia; and O'Brien,
book the Round Towers, maintains the same opinion, namely,
that Erin Irin the same Iran Persia, and says that Scoti. the fifth century the Irish are called Scoti by St. Pa signifies the Persian language, the sacred land, and that got trick; and the same century, St. Prosper Aquitaine, speaking this name from the colony Tuath De Danan who came Ireland the mission Palladius into Ireland, says, “Ad Scotos from Iran Persia, and may observed that the old Irish Christum credentes, ordinatur Papa Celestino Palladius
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Owen, the son of Felim Mac Manus, and his wife, Grace, the daughter of Conor Maguire, died.
terris navigio odore aeris illius attacti fuerint intererint. ” “But Ireland, from its latitude, and the salubrity and mildness of its climate, far surpasses Britain, so that the snow rarely remains
there more than three days; no man makes hay for winter's pro vision, or builds stables for his beasts of burden. The island abounds in milk and honey, nor is it destitute of vines, and it is famous for fish and fowl, and for deer hunting and goats. This is
dure, which was first given
William Drennan Erin.
surpasses most other countries; this designation the year 1795, by the celebrated Doctor Belfast, one his beautiful poems entitled
No reptile is usually to be for though snakes were often brought there from Britain, soon the ship approached
the proper country of the Scots. seen there, and no serpent can live in
Ptolemy's Geography. —Claudius Ptolomeus Alexandria, Egypt, celebrated Greek geographer and astronomer, who flou rished the beginning the second century, and died about
REIGN OF HENRY VIII. 391
A. D. 1530.
The bishop of Elphin, i. e. the Greek bishop
(this bishop is not mentioned by Ware), died.
“Hibernia autem et latitudine sui status, et salubritate ac sereni
tate aerum multum Britanniae praestat ita ut raro ibi nix plusquam
triduana remaneat; nemo propter hiemen aut foena secat a state
aut stabula fabricet jumentis.
Dives lactis ac mellis insula nec
vinearum expers; piscium volucrumque sed et cervorum caprea
rumque venenatu insignis; haec autem propria patria Scotorum
est. Nullum ibi reptile videri soleat, nullus vivire serpens valeat;
nam sepe illo de Britannia allati serpentes mox ut proximante Ireland Scuit-land, the land the Scots, name afterwards ap
plied modernScotland, aboveexplained. By the Danes and Nor wegians Ireland was called Irlandi and Irar, may seen from the Icelandic writers Johnstone's Celto-Scandinavian Antiquities. The Emerald Isle poetical name appropriately applied Ireland modern times by many writers, from its exquisite ver
eleventh century, chronological poem the Pagan Kings
commences thus—Eiriu ard Inis na-Righ, that is, Exalted Erin, Island Kings.
Ireland. —The name Ireland appears derived from Eire, hence Eire-land, the land Eire Eri, and therefore was called Irelond and Ireland by the Anglo-Saxons, Anglo-Normans, and English, and latinised Irlandia. The Anglo-Saxons also called
the land, and the scent the air reaches them, they die. ” Nen
nius, the British historian, and king Alfred the ninth century,
mention Ireland Scotia, and the people Scoti; and Giraldus 140, gave an account the then known world. He derived his Cambrensis the twelfth century, also calls Ireland Scotia, and knowledge from Phenician and Tyrian merchants and navigators says that North Britain likewise got the name Scotia, because who had visited the various countries, but chiefly from Marinus
the people were originally descended from the Irish St. Bernard, the twelfth century, mentions Ireland Scotia. Numerous
other writers are quoted by Ussher, Roth, and O'Flaherty, who the ninth, tenth, eleventh, and twelfth centuries denominated Ire land Scotia, and the people Scoti; and even down the sixteenth century, many Latin writers, particularly the Continent, call Ireland, Scotia; and has been fully demonstrated by Ussher and other learned men, that the name Scotia was exclusively applied Ireland until the eleventh century, when modern Scot land first got the name Scotia, its ancient name, given
the Irish and the natives, being Alba Albain, anglicised Albany, and the people Scotland are called the Irish Alba machand Albanaigh the present day. As before explained, Scotland was called Caledonia by the Romans, and North Britain
various writers. Pinkerton, his Inquiry into the History Scotland, says, “From the consent all antiquity, the name Scoti belonged the Irish alone until the eleventh century. ” But
observed, that many Scotch writers, Dempster, who was called the Saint Stealer, Buchanan, Mackenzie, &c. , confounding ancient Scotia, Ireland, with modern Scotia, Scotland, have consequently claimed natives Scotland many illustrious Irish saints, missionaries, and scholars, eminent throughout the continent Europe, and mentioned Scoti, natives Scotia, from the fifth the twelfth century. From the twelfth the sixteenth century, various Latin writers, distinguish between the two countries, mention Ireland Scotia Vetus, Old Scotia, and Scotia Major, the Greater Scotia, and Scotland Scotia Minor, the Lesser Scotia; and the Irish were called Scoto Ierni, and Scoto-Hiberni,
Scotland, Scoti-Albani,
Tyre, great geographer, who the first century had written general geography, and constructed maps different countries. Ptolemy mentions various travellers from whom Marinus Tyre derived his information, amongst others Philemon, either Greek
Phenician, who had visited Ivernia Ireland. Ptolemy com mences his geography with description Ireland under the name
Iouernia Ivernia, and Britain under the name Albion, being the most remote islands the world known the ancients. An account Ptolemy's Geography and Map Ireland, given
Ware's works; the first volume Doctor O'Conor's Rer. Hib. Scrip. , and the Dissertations Charles O'Conor, from which works, together with those Camden, Richard Ciren cester, Cellarius, and Ortelius, and also Villaneuva's Ibernia Phe nicea, and Wood the Primitive Inhabitants Ireland, the fol lowing account Ptolemy's geography has been collected with illustrations from various other sources.
Cities. —On Ptolemy's Map are given ten chief cities Ireland.
Hibernian Scots, and the people Albanian Scots.
Insula Sanctorum,
torum, the Island
applied Ireland since the introduction Christianity, va rious Latin writers, consequence the many saints and sages celebrated missionaries, eminent ecclesiastics, learned men, and distinguished professors, who, from the fifth the twelfth cen tury, went from Ireland various countries Europe preachers
the Island Saints, and Insula Doc the Learned, are names which have been
the Gospel, and founders churches, abbeys, colleges, and
schools, France, Spain, Italy, and Belgium; the learned Peter
Lombard, primate Armagh, and the celebrated Colgan, their
works style Ireland Hibernia Sanctorum Insula. Giolla Mo Mayo. Rigia Regia, inland city considered have
duda O’Cassidy, abbot Ardbraccan Meath, the twelfth “entury, his poem the Christian Kings, designates Ireland Firiu Ogh Inis manaomh, that Sacred Erin, Island
Saints; and Giolla Coeman, celebrated bard and historian the
been either Athlone Limerick, or, according others, Athenry. 10. Rigia Regia, another inland city called, and supposed have been situated Clogher Tyrone, which was place note and seat Druidism those early times, but more pro
Eblana, Manapia
maritime city the eastern coast, now Dublin. Menapia, maritime city the south-east coast Wexford, and some Waterford, or, according
considered
others, Ferns, the county Wexford. Iernis, city
inland bay near the southern coast, considered either Dunkerron Kenmare Kerry. Makolikon, inland city near the Shannon, considered by Ware have been Meelick
Galway, but supposed others either the city Kilmallock the county Limerick. Raiba
have been Dunamase, the Queen's county, though supposed Camden and others have beenDownpatrick. beros
Laberus, inland city, considered Ware have been Kells Meath, and Camden Killare, few miles beyond Mullin gar Westmeath, the hill Uisneach, which was ancient
times residence the kings, and celebrated seat Druidism; others consider was Tara, and probable that the word La beros was originally written Taberos, which came near the sound
the Irish word Teamuir Tara, where there was city the early ages, and which place was celebrated the chief residence the ancient kings. Nagmata Magnata, great maritime
inland city, now Rheban near Athy, Kildare.
Dunum, considered Ware from position Ptolemy's Map
city the western coast, considered have been either Sligo
Limerick,
Rheba, an
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392 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1530.
A chapter of friars was held at Donegal, and Katheleen, the daughter Mac Sweeney, the O'Donnell, i. e. Hugh Oge, supplied them with wife O’Dogherty, and Rose, the daughter
the necessaries they stood need during the time they remained together.
bable was Emania, which was those ages the celebrated resi dence the kings Ulster.
O’Kane, the wife Felim O’Dogherty, died. Conor Oge O'Boyle, tanist the O'Boyles, was
river Erne, the bay Donegal; the lake and river Erne were ancient times called the Irish, Samer, name latinised Sama rius, Giraldus Cambrensis, and others; the lake and river
Promontories and Islands-The following are the promontories
and islands marked Ptolemy's Map. Hieron akron, sig after times got the name Erna Erne, already explained
nifying the Sacred promontory, being derived from the Greek Ieros Ieron, sacred, placed the south eastern coast, and con
these notes. The term Raious Ravius, applied by Ptolemy Lough Erne and its river, was probably derived from the Irish name Samer, which pronounced like Saver Sauer, hence he might have made the word Sauraious, therefore, by change omission transcriber sau, the first part the word, the remainder became raious. 12. Ouidoua Vidua, now Lough Swilly, and its river Donegal; and the name was probably derived by Ptolemy from the Irish Oiche Uisg, water, and dubh, dark, thus signifying the dark water, which would pro nounced like Oighdhu, and therefore comes very near the Ouidoua
JJerry and Donegal, which name was probably derived from the Irish Fairge, Lough Foyle great inlet the ocean, and the word was made Argita, there the Greek language. 14. Logia, now Lough Neagh, and the river Bann, Antrim and Derry; and the name appears have been derived Ptolemy either from the Irish Loch, lake, from Lough Each, the ancient name the lake, pronounced like Lougheagh, and there
fore very near the name Logia. 15. Ouinderios, latinised Vinde rus, now the river Lagan and bay Belfast, Down and Antrim; this name was probably derived from the Irish, Amhain, river, and doire, the oak, this river might have flowed through oak forests; and the name Irish would pronounced like Ouinderey, which comes very near the Greek Ouinderios.
The towns and cities of the ancient Irish were denominated Baile, Brugh, and Cathair; the terms Rath and Lios, before explained, were applied the circular earthen ramparts commonly called forts; and the terms Dun, Dinn, and Daingean, were applied fortresses Cyclopean architecture, composed large stones without cement, and also partly constructed earthen ramparts; Cathair was name generally applied stone fort resses, and sometimes applied city. may here observed, that the term Doumon, applied Ptolemy one the ancient cities which considered have been situated the place after wards called Dunamase, the Queen's county, was derived from
sidered by Ware have been Greenore point, near the bay Wexford, but much more probably considered Dr. O'Conor have been Carnsore point headland, further south the coast Wexford, and Dr. O'Conor says was called the Irish
Carn-Soir, that the eastern carn heap, there was great
Cairn heap stones there, and supposed have been great seat Druidism; hence was designated by the Tyrians
and Greeks Hieron akron, the Sacred promontory. akron Notium, signifying the southern promontory,
on the southern coast, and considered have been Mizen
Notion placed Head,
Ptolemy. 13. Argita, now the river Foyle, and Lough Foyle,
Boreion akron the northern pro have been the headland now called Tel the bay 1)onegal. Ouennik
the county Cork.
montory, considered
ling Head near Killybegs,
nion Venicnium, considered be now Ram's Head Horn Head, near Tory Island, the coast Donegal. Robogdion, now Malin Head, the peninsula Inisowen, the coast Donegal. Isamnion, now St. John's Foreland, the bay Dundrum, the coast Down. Ricina, an island, now
Rathlin, off the coast Antrim, which was anciently called Irish Recrain. Limnon Limni, now the island Lambay off the coast Dublin, which probably was derived from the an cient Irish name. Edoru Edri, now the Hill Howth, the ancient Irish name which was Edair Binn Edair, sig nifying the Promontory Edair.
Rivers, Harbours and Lakes. —The following are the rivers, harbours, and lakes Ptolemy's Map Senous, Senus,
the name given by Ptolemy the Shamnon, which resenbles thc
Irish name Sionain, Sionna, Sinna, and derived, by Dr.
O'Conor and others, from Sean, old, and amhain, ariver, hencesig
nifying the Old River, and pronounced Shanouin, Shanain, and
latinised Senanus. Dur, now the river Mang, together with
the harbour Castlemaine, and bay Dingle, Kerry and
may observed that the word Dur, Irish, signifies water.
Iernis, now the river and bay Kenmare, Kerry. Daurona, the Irish, Dun, fortress; and Rigia, ancient city considered the river Blackwater, Munster, which name might have been have been Emania, near Armagh, the celebrated residence derived Ptolemy from the Irish word Dubhamhain, Duva the ancient kings Ulster, was probably derived from the Irish von, which signifies the Black River; was also called Avon Righ, king royal, and Suidhe, seat, which would pro more, signifying the great river. Birgous, Birgus, now the
river Barrow, Leinster, and the united stream the Suir, Nore and Barrow; called some writers Brigas, and was named by the Irish Berbha, pronounced Berva, and probably derived
nounced like Righhee, from which the geographer made the Greek word Rigia, and therefore signifying royal residence. The ha bitations and fortresses the ancient Irish, composing the cities
towns enumerated by Ptolemy, were constructed partly rude stone work and earthen ramparts, but chiefly wood from theoak forests with which ancient Ireland abounded; stone buildings, castles, &c. , were not generally introduced into Ireland till the tenth and twelfth centuries, though some the stone churches were built early the sixth and seventh centuries, and the Pagan theory the Round Towers true, some them were erected centuries before the Christian era.
Tribes and People. —With respect the various tribes and people placed Ptolemy's Map inhabitants Ireland the first and second centuries; some accounts those located in Meath, Leinster, and Munster, have been given
topographical notes those territories, the course The Eblanoi Eblani, are placed by Ptolemy
Irish called Loch Oirbsen, hence the name might have been
made Greek Ausona Orbsona, and which lake was called
from Orbsen, Phenician merchant, who was drowned there. and Bregia. As before explained, the name Eblana, which was 10. Libnious, Libnius, now the river and bay Sligo, which
might probably derived from the Irish Sligeach, Sligneach,
the letters being omitted. Raious Ravius, now the lake and
from Bior, water.
Slaney, Wexford.
which name appears
oiche, water, thus signifying the river the waters,
Modonous, Modomus, now the river Oboka, now the river Ovoca, Wicklow,
derived from the Irish Oba, ariver, and
posed the confluence three rivers, called the Meeting Waters, the Vale Ovoca. Bouinda, Bovinda,
com the some
written Bubinda, now the river Boyne, Meath, called
Boin, Boind, and considered derived from Bo, cows, and amhain, Avon, river, hence signifying the river the cows,
heing always famous for the herds cattle grazing along its pas ture lands. Ausoba, Ausona, now the river and Bay Galway, and the name appears have been derived from Lough Corrib, which communicates with the bay Galway, and was
Irish
now forming the county J)ublin, north the river Liffey, and
the county Meath, which anciently formed parts Moy Liffey
applied by Ptolemy the city Dublin, was probably written originally Deblanu, and derived from Dubhlinn, which was the ancient Irish name Dublin, therefore the Eblani Deblani,
the various the Annals. the territory
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killed by the son of O'Boyle, i. e. Niall, the son of Torlogh, at Leacach, on the 6th of January.
Felim, the son of Conor O'Boyle, was killed by the sons of O'Boyle.
Maolmurry Mac Sweeney, constable of Tir Boghaine, died.
Donal, the son of Bryan, son of Donal O’Neill, made a predatory incursion into Magherastephana
REIGN OF HENRY VIII. 393
would in Irish he Dubhlinidh, and signify the inhabitants of to have been a colony of the Iberi from North Spain. VIII. The
the territory of Dublin, and thus might be accounted for the people
called Eblanians. II. The Kaukoi or Cauci, are placed on the
territory now forming that part of the county of Dublin south of
the Liffey, with parts of Wicklow, Carlow, Kildare, and Queen's
county, which were comprised in the ancient territories of Cualan,
Hy Kinsellagh, Leix, and Moy Liffey. These Kaukians are con
sidered by Camden, Ware, O'Conor, and others, to have been a
colony of the Cauci or Chauci, German tribes near the river
Weser, in the country now called Lunenburg, but they are con
sidered by Villaneuva to have been a people from North Spain,
near the Cantabrians, and that they were so called from their
chief city named Cauca. As the Kaukoi are placed by Ptolemy
chiefly in the territory called by the Irish Cualan, which con nians are considered by Camden, Dr. O'Conor, and others, to have prised Wicklow and the southern parts of Dublin, the name may been a colony of the Lucenses of North Spain, in parts of Gallicia have been derived from the Irish Cualanaidh, signifying the peo bordering on Cantabria, and stated by Strabo to have been of ple of Cualan. III. The Manapioi or Menapii, are placed on
the territory now fortning the county of Wexford and part of
Waterford, which were comprised in Hy Kinsellagh and Desies.
These Menapians are considered by various geographers, as ex plained at pp. 194, 218, in these notes, to have been a colony of the
Ouelliboroi, Illiberi, Welliberi or Velabri, are placed in the south
western part of Munster, now forming the western parts of Kerry,
and these Illiberians or Velabrians, are considered to have been a
colony of the Illiberi or Velliberi of northern Spain, who, according
to Dr. O'Conor, are mentioned by the Spanish historian Orosius,
in the fifth century, and they are considered by Dr. O'Conor to
have been a colony of the Celtiberians from North Spain, who were
celebrated as the most valiant of the ancient Spaniards, and are designated by Cellarius—“Nobilissinus populus Hispania. ”—
“The most noble people of Spain. ” IX. The Lucenoi or Luceni, are placed in West Munster, in the north-western parts of Kerry, and adjoining parts of Limerick, as far as the Shannon; these Luce
Menapii of Belgic Gaul, who dwelt near the river Scheld, in the
country afterwards called Brabant, and the districts about An and others, to have been a colony of the Concani of Cantabria in twerp ; this opinion partly coincides with our old historians, who North Spain. These Concanians being a branch of the Canta
state that the Firbolg. colony, now admitted to have been Belgians
from Gaul, first landed at Inver Slainge, now the bay of Wexford,
and settled in Leinster, and, as explained in these notes at pages
217, 219, according to the ancient annalists, Labhra Loingseach,
an Irish prince, brought to Ireland more than two centuries before
the Christian era, a large body of troops from Ganl, whom he landed
at Inver Slainge or Wexford, and located in Leinster. IV. The name to Connaught, called by the Irish Conacht. XI. The Au
Brigantes, of whom an account has been given at page 366, are
placed on the territories now forming the county of Waterford,
with parts of Tipperary, Kilkenny, and Queen's county, comprised
in the ancient territories of Desies, Ormond, and Ossory, and were,
as already shown, a colony from Gallicia, in North Spain, a branch
of the Milesians, and called by the Irish Clanna Breogain, from
which was derived the name Brigantes. W. The Roriondoi or same as the Athachtuatha of the Irish writers, who were some of
Coriundi, of whom some account has been already given at page 173, are placed on the territories now forming the northern part of the county of Cork, with parts of Tipperary and Limerick, in
the Firbolg tribes or Belgians located in Connaught, and are men tioned as Attacotti, by Latin writers, a name anglicised Attacots. XII. The Nagmatai are placed in North Connaught, now the counties of Sligo and Mayo, and these Nagmatians or Nannatians are considered by Wood and others, to have been a colony of the Nannetes, from Armoric Gaul, now the country about Nantz in Bretagne, in the west of France; and this opinion appears not in probable, and coincides with the accounts of our old historians, who place the landing and settlement of one of the Firbolg or Bel gian colonies in West Connaught, where they were chiefly located, in the territory now forming the counties of Mayo and Sligo, as explained in the notes on North Connaught. XIII. The Erdinoi or Ernidi, are placed in the territory of ancient Brefney, and some adjoining parts of Ulster, which now form the counties of
the ancient territories of Desmond, Thomond, and Ormond; these
Coriondians were considered by Camden and others to have been
a colony of the Coritani of Britain, who inhabited those parts of
England now forming the counties of Lincoln and Leicester, and
Camden states that these Coritanians fled to Ireland about the
first century, on the conquest of Britain by the Romans, but the
Coriondi are considered by Villaneuva to have been a branch of
the Brigantes, and originally some of the Phenicians who had set
tled in North Spain. As considered by Ware and others, Coriondi
was probably derived from Corca, the Irish name of Cork, hence
Corca-daoine would signify the people of the territory of Cork,
which comes near the word Coriondi. VI. The Ouodiai or Udaei, Cavan, Leitrim, and Fermanagh. They were the same as the latinised Vodii, are placed in Desmond on the territory now form
ing the southern parts of Cork, with some adjoining parts of Kerry;
they are considered by Charles O'Conor, with great probability,
to have been the same as the Clanna Deagha of the Irish writers,
and which were also called Ua-Deaghaidh, a name pronounced
like Udai, and comes very near the Greek name Ouodiai, therefore the Christian era, in their battles with the Milesian kings. The these Udeans appear to have been the same as the Clanua Deagh
aidh, a name anglicised Degadians, who were famous warriors in Munster in the first and second centuries, and of whom accounts have been given at pages 146, 173, in these notes. VII. The Outernoi or Uterni, called also Iverni and Iberni, are placed in
southern Desmond, in parts of Cork and Kerry, and these Uter nians or Iverniaus, are consideredby Ware, Willaneuva, and others,
Brefnians of after times were partly composed of the old Firbolg. tribes, but chiefly of the Milesian stock called the Hy-Briune ruce, or Hereinonians of Connaught ; an account of the Hy-Briu nians and Brefnians has been given in the notes on Brefney and South Connaught. XIV. The Oueniknioi or Venicni, are placed in the north western part of Ulster, now the county of Donegal, and these Venicnians are considered by Wood and others to have been
3E
Scythian origin, which coincides with the accounts of the Irish historians, who make the Milesian colony which came to Ireland from Gallicia in Spain, originally Scythians. X. The Konka noi, Concani, or Gangani, are placed in Thomond and South Con naught, on the territory now forming the county of Clare, and southern parts of Galway, and considered by Camden, O'Conor,
brians, were of Scythian descent, or Celto-Scythians, as explained at page 365, where it has been shown, according to Orosius, and other ancient writers, that the Cantabrians of Spain were partly of Scythian origin, and it has been also shown that colonies of the Bascons or Biscayans, a branch of the Cantabrians, came to Ireland in the early ages. The Concani are supposed to have given its
teroi or Auteri, are placed in southern Connaught, now forming the northern part of Galway, and the county of Roscommon, and are considered by Dr. O'Conor to have been a colony of the Au trigones of Cantabria in Spain, and the learned Spaniard Joachin Villaneuva, in his Ibernia Phenicea, is also of the same opinion; others suppose that the Auteroi of Ptolemy might have been the
Ernaidhe of the Irish writers, and so called from possessing the territories about Lough Erne. These Erneans, according to the Irish historians, were some of the Firbolg tribes who possessed these territories in the early ages, until conquered by the Milesians, and they make a remarkable figure in remote times, long before
394 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1530.
(in Fermanagh), where his party seized a prey; the Coillte Conchobhair (or the Woods Conor), people of the county having collected together, pur thence through the Tanaisteacht (the territory
sued them to Slieve Beatha Monaghan), where the tanist), into Moylurg, Corraidhe-Droma they overtook them; Donal turned the pursuers, Ruisg (Carrick-on-Shannon), crossed the Shan
and defeated them with slaughter, which [de non, and burned and laid waste Muintir Eoluis;
Leargan; two sons Manus Mac Mahon; the Fear Dorcha Mac Sweeney, and Torlogh Duv, the son Henry, son Bryan; and Thomas the son Mac Coileen. After that proceeded
feat] the two sons Owen Roe O'Neill were ta
ken prisoners, and three the sons Roderick Leitrim, among whom were Manus, the son
Caraic (the Rock), the son Edmond Maguire, were slain.
westward across the Shannon into the plain Connaught, Droicheat-Atha-Mogha (the bridge
Ballymoe), across the river Suck; burned and devastated Clan Conway; also burned Glinsce and Kill Cruain (Glinske and Kilcroan,
Galway), the towns Mac David (Burke), and got immense booty those countries; also
burned Ballintober after that, and received his tri
Concanians, who were mixed colonies probably Iberians, Celto Scythians and Phenicians, settled Spain, came Ireland very remote ages and peopled the greater part the country, and
Gilpatrick, theson
Coole, died, and pitality any man his time.
Cormac, son ArtMaguire
kept the best house hos his means Fermanagh
O’Donnell marched with force into the pro vince Connaught, and first proceeded through
colony the Veneti, celebrated nation Armoric Gaul, men tioned by Caesar powerful maritime people, having great
located the north Ulster, about Lough Swilly, and the peninsula Inisowen Donegal, and some adjoining parts
Derry, about Lough Foyle. The promontory called Robogdion, already shown, now Malin Head the coast Donegal, and, before stated,
jecture. appears he gave many tribes and territories designa
tions different from the Irish names, but was, course, under the necessity making many changes translating the Irish
terms into Greek, and some mistakes must have occurred the
chiefly the inhabitants above named counties Ulster.
the territories which now form the
Hibernian and
sixteen nations, and eleven famous cities, fifteen large rivers, five great promontories, and six remarkable islands. ” The Hyperborean here mentioned, the Northern sea; the Hibernian,
constituting the chief part
ancient
ap
the Irish sea, between central Ireland and Great Britain; and the Virgivian sea, St. George's Channel, between Southern Ireland
and England; St. George's Channel and the Irish sea were called Scythica Wallis, the Scythian valley, by Gildas, the British
historian the sixth century, was the sea that separated the Scythians Irish Scots from Britain.
The Spanish Colonies. —From the preceding accounts,
pears demonstrated that various colonies from Northern Spain, the Brigantes, Basconians Biscayans, Cantabrians, Celtiberians, Coriondians, Illiberians Velabrians, Utermians, Lucenians, and
Ptolemy Inisowen, appears
course time by various transcribers writing those names. have derived name from Robhog, Fomorian chief, The original Greek names Ptolemy have been here given,
whom an account has been given 341, the note the Fomorians, famous builder who had erected several fortresses, and probably from fortress erected him this promontory,
got its name Dun-Robhog Robhog-Dun, from which Ptolemy formed the Greek name Robogdion, and hence the inhabitants the adjoining territory were called him Robogdioi. These
Robogdians were most probably tribes the Fomorians African pirates, who, according our ancient annalists, had settled
very remote ages the territory now called Donegal, and other parts the coast Ulster. XVI. The Darinoi Darini are
placed the north-eastern parts Ulster, the territories now forming the counties Derry, Antrim, and Tyrone. As Doire,
signifying oak wood, was the ancient Irish name Derry, before explained, the term Doirinidh, Irish, would signify the
inhabitants the oak woods; and the name exactly corresponds with the Greek word Darinoi, used by Ptolemy therefore these Darinians appear have derived their designation from inhabiting chiefly the oak forests with which these territories were covered those remote ages. XVII. The Ouolontioi, Uluntii, Voluntii, are located the eastern parts Ulster, now forming the counties
Down, Armagh, Monaghan, and Louth. These Uluntians appear have been the same the people called by the Irish writers Ulltaidh, signifying Ultonians Ulstermen, and latinised
Ultonii, and the term Ulltaidh was always applied by the Irish
together with the same names latinised by Ware, and other writers: but may observed, that there far greater affinity between the Greek and the Celtic Irish words, than between the Irish and the Latin. From inaccurate information, the great geographer may have misplaced his Map some the tribes, territories, cities, rivers, and headlands, though, on the whole, Ptolemy's geography generally accurate, and when explained, coincides, very great extent, with the accounts tribes, territories, and remarkable places given the ancient Irish historians.
Another ancient geographer, Marcianus Heraclea, who wrote
the third century, and copied the works the celebrated Greek geographer Artemidorus Ephesus, who lived the century before the Christian era, thus describes Ireland :—“Juvernia Insula Britannica Boream quidem terminatur oceano Hyper boreo appellato, Oriente vero oceano qui vocatur Hibernicus,
Meridie vero oceano Virgivio sexdecem habet gentes; undecim civitates insignes; fluvios insignes quindecim; quinque promon
some ofhis men were slain about the castle of
fleet and large ships, chiefly constructed oak they inhabited
that part Gaul now forming the country about Vannes Bre these accounts coincide with our ancient annalists about the
tagne, the west France; therefore the Veneti and Nannetes
above-mentioned, might have probably been some the Firbolg
colonies the Irish annalists, who are considered have been
Belgians from Gaul. XV. The Robogdioi Rhobogdii, are must, after lapse nearly two thousand years, depend con
arrival from North Spain the colonies called Clanna Mileadh Milesians, and Clanna Breogain Brigantes.
With respect Ptolemy's geography, much its explanation
toria insignia British isle, Hyperborean
insulas insignes sex,” “Juvernia (Ireland), bounded the north by the ocean called the the east, the sea which called the the south, by the Virgivian sea; contains
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rald, who had been imprisoned with the King of England for a long time, returned to Ireland, ac
companied by a Saxon lord justice (Sir William Skeffington), and they both committed great de struction on the Irish; they took O’Reilly prisoner, after having appeared before them on their own assurance of protection. -
Roderick, the son of Owen, son of Hugh Balbh,
son of John O’Dogherty, who was a great loss in his own country, died.
The daughter of O'Boyle, i. e. Rose, the daughter
of Torlogh, son of Niall Roe, a charitable and hos pitable woman; and Sile (Julia), the daughter of O'Fallon, the wife of Carbry, the son of the prior, a woman distinguished for her humanity and good personal figure, died.
and Gillaisa, the son Torlogh, was nominated the O'Flanagan.