No More Learning

nals, he published two books of verse, (At the
Bottom of the Glass) (1854) and (The Poem
of Death) (1866); and several plays, including
(The Merchant in Spite of Himself) (1858);
(An Upstart) (1859); "Our Ancestors) (1859).
Rollenhagen, Georg (rõl'en-hä''gen). A Ger.
man poet; born at Bernau, April 22, 1542; died
at Magdeburg, May 20, 1609. His great work
is the remarkable heroic-comic and didactic
poem entitled Froschmeuseler, the Grand
Court of the Frogs and Mice) (1595); where,
under the guise of frogs, rats, mice, cats, and
foxes, the author describes the people of his
day,- their customs, domestic life, temporal
and spiritual government, and lastly their
military state. He also wrote (The Limping
Courier,' and other works.
Rollett, Hermann (rol'let). An Austrian
poet; born near Vienna, Aug. 20, 1819. He
has published two collections of (Wreaths of
Song' (1842); “Wanderings of a Vienna Poet)
(1846); (A Sister) (1847); "War Songs) (1848);
"Oratorical Poems) (1871); Narrative Poems)
(1872); and others. An American edition of
his writings has appeared as Poems from the
German of Hermann Rollett) (1887).
Rollin, Ambrose Lucien (ro-lan'). A West-
Indian historian; born at Trois Rivières, Guade-
loupe, in 1692; died at Pointe à Pitre, in 1749.
He devoted his leisure to researches upon the
Caribs and other Indian tribes, and published
several works which are still considered authori.
ties upon the subjects he covered. They in-
clude: History of the Indians) (1739); “The
Indians and the Spanish Conquest' (1840);
History and Description of the Caribs, their
Condition after the Conquest (1843); (Civiliza-
tion of the Indians Compared to their Social
Condition) (1845); and (The Incas of Peru and
the Spanish Conquest) (1748).
Rollin, Charles. A French historian and
humanist; born in Paris, Jan. 30, 1661; died
there, Sept. 14, 1741. His best-known work is
the Ancient History) (1730-38), often reprinted
in France, England, and America, and not
useless even yet as an entertaining popular
work to create an interest in history. He wrote
in an uncritical age, but he was a good story-
teller and a keen judge of a good story. His
other works include "Roman History (1738-48),
and a “Treatise on Study) (1726-31).
Rollinat, André (ro-le-nä'). A French his-
torian; born at Bordeaux in 1741; died at Nantes
in 1793. He devoted himself to researches on
the early navigators who have been credited
with the discovery of America, and published
"Researches on the Forerunners of Christopher
Columbus in America' (1785); (The Norwegian
Sagas and the Scandinavian Navigators' (1788);
(Table of the Tithes Paid to the Treasury of
St. Peter during the Thirteenth and Fourteenth
Centuries by Vinland) (1790); History of the
Norse Navigators) (1791); and ( Researches on
the Discovery of Brazil by a Dieppe Naviga-
tor of the Fifteenth Century) (1791).
Rollinat, Maurice. A French poet; born
at Châteauroux (Indre), in 1853. In his first
book of poems, In the Heaths) (1877), he re-
produced in verse the most remarkable pass.
ages of George Sand's "La Petite Fadette) and
(La Mare au Diable. ) His other works in-
clude : "Les Névroses ) (1883), and “The Abyss)
(1886), besides his musical productions of (Ten
Melodies (1877) and (Rondels and Rondeaux)
(1883). All of his poems have been received
most favorably.
Rollins, Alice Marland (Wellington). An
American verse-writer; born in Boston, June
12, 1847; died Dec. 5, 1897. She has written :
(My Welcome Beyond, and Other Poems)
(1885); (All Sorts of Children (1886); (The
Three Tetons) (1887); Uncle Tom's Tene-
ment) (1888); and (From Palm to Glacier. '
Romey, Louis Charles Réparat Geneviève
Octave (ro-mā'). A French historian and mis-
cellaneous writer; born at Paris, Dec. 26, 1804;
died there, April 1874. After extensive travels,
and a long sojourn in Spain, where he studied
its history and literature, he returned to France
and began to work upon his * History of Spain
from its Early Days to the Present Time)
(1838–51); a history of great merit, but one
which he never completed. His other writings
include: (Châteaubriand as Prophet) (1849);
(Ancient and Modern Russia' (1855); (A Voy-
age among my Books) (1861); Men and
Things of Various Times) (1864); many trans-
lations, notably that of Uncle Tom's Cabin)
(1853); and many valuable contributions to
periodicals.
Romieu, Auguste (röm-ye'). A French ad-
ministrator and littérateur; born at Paris, Oct.
17, 1800; died Nov. 20, 1855. He spent his
youth in dissipation, and in the production of
vaudevilles and brilliant witticisms; but after
the Coup d'État, published two works of merit
which attracted attention, (The Era of the
Cæsars) (1850) and (The Red Spectre (1851).
Rondelet, Antonin François (rôn-dlā'). A
French professor and economist; born at Lyons,
Feb. 28, 1823; died Jan. 24, 1893. His professor
in philosophy, the Abbé Noirot, exerted upon
him a most important religious and philosophic
influence,--one so profound as to be felt in all
his writings. He has written : (Critical Expo.
sition of the Ethics of Aristotle) (1847); (Spirit.
ualism in Political Economy) (1859); Memoirs
of a Man of the World (1861); (The Science
of Faith) (1867); (Reflections upon Literature
and Philosophy, Morals and Religion (1881);
(The Book of Old Age) (1888); (An Unfortu-
nate Woman' (1890); and many others.
30


## p. 466 (#482) ############################################

466
RONSARD - ROSA GONZALES
:
Ronsard, Pierre de (ron-sar'). A French
poet; born at Château de la Poissonnière, Ven.
dômois, Sept. II, 1524; died Dec. 27, 1585. He
was the first representative of the new school
of literature, which completely disregarded the
traditions and ideals of the native literature,
and substituted the classic models of Rome and
Greece. He and his followers began the crea-
tion of a new French literature, one which has
reigned in France and other countries for cen-
turies. He published: (Odes) (1550); Amours)
(1552); (Hymns) (1555); and four books of his
ambitious epic, La Franciade! (1572), never
completed. His popularity waned after the
advent of Malherbe, but his influence was
never lost. *
Ronstn, Charles Philippe (ron-san'). A
French dramatist; born at Soissons in 1750 or
1752; guillotined at Paris, March 24, 1794. He
wrote six tragedies and two comedies : (The
League of Fanatics and Tyrants) (1791) and
(Arétophile (1793) were played in Paris with
most brilliant success.
Roosevelt, Robert Barnwell. An American
lawyer and miscellaneous writer; born in New
York city, Aug. 7, 1829. He is an enthusiastic
sportsman, and has published: (The Game
Fish of North America) (1800); (The Game
Birds of the North) (1866); (Superior Fishing
(1866); (Florida and the Game Water Birds )
(1868); "Five Acres Too Much) (1869), a satire
provoked by Edmund Morris's (Ten Acres
Enough'; and Progressive Petticoats,' a humor-
ous satire on female physicians.
Roosevelt, Theodore. An American poli-
tician and author; born in New York city,
Oct. 27, 1858. He has allied himself with the
civil-service reform movement, and with other
reforms in the government of his native city,
and is now (1898) Assistant Secretary of the
Navy. He has written : (The Naval War of
1812) (1882); (Hunting Trips of a Ranchinan)
(1885); "Life of Thomas Hart Benton (1887);
(Gouverneur Morris) (1888); (Essays on Prac-
tical Politics) (1888); (Ranch Life and the
Hunting Trail (1888); “ Winning of the West)
(1889); History of New York City) (1891);
and (The Wilderness Hunter) (1893). *
Root, George Frederick. An American
musician and song-writer; born at Sheffield,
Mass. , Aug. 30, 1820; died Aug. 6, 1895. His
first song, Hazel Dell (1853), was very pop-
ular. It appeared as the work of «Wurzel,
the German name for "Root," -- a pseudonym
he often used later. Among the most popular
of his songs are: (Rosalie, the Prairie Flower)
(1855); Shouting the Battle Cry of Free-
dom) (1861); Just Before the Battle, Mother)
(1863); “Tramp, Tramp, Tramp, the Boys are
Marching? (1864); and the well-known quartet,
( There's Music in the Air. His cantatas in-
clude (The Flower Queen) (1852) and (The
Haymakers) (1857). He has done much to ele-
vate the standard of music in this country, and
has also published methods for the piano and
organ, handbooks on harmony and teaching, etc.
Ropes, John Codman. A Russian-American
lawyer and military historian; born at St.
Petersburg in 1836. Besides contributions to
the Military Historical Society of Massachusetts
and to periodicals, he has written : (The Army
under Pope) (1881); (The First Napoleon
(1885); “The Campaign of Waterloo); (Atlas
of Waterloo '; and (The Story of the Civil
War.
Roqueplan, Louis Victor Nestor (rök-plan').
A French littérateur; born at allemort (dept.
Bouches-du-Rhône), in 1804; died in Paris,
April 24, 1870. He gained a reputation at the
end of the Restoration by his contributions
to literary journals, principally Figaro. He has
published a number of clever books, among
them being : News at Hand); (Renewal of
Parisian Life) (1853); and (The Green-Rooms
of the Opera' (1855).
Roquette, Adrien Emmanuel (rõ-ket'). An
American poet; born at New Orleans, La. , Feb.
13, 1813; died there, July 15, 1887. He was
chaplain to the Roman Catholic Seminary at
New Orleans, and known as the Abbé Ro-
quette. His principal works include : Les
Savannes : American Poems) (1841), in which
the Souvenir of Kentucky) is best known;
(Wild Flowers : Sacred Poetry) (1848); “Deep
Solitude in America' (1852); L'Antoniade; or,
Solitude with God) (1860); Patriotic Poems)
(1860); and (Catherine Tehgahkwita) (1873).
He wrote with equal ease and grace in Eng-
lish and French.
Roquette, Otto. A German poet; born at
Krotoschin, Posen, April 19, 1824. An instruc-
tor for many years in Dresden and Berlin, he
renounced this career and turned to the exclus-
ive study of literature. He soon acquired a
great reputation in his native land by his
graceful poems, notably 'Waldermeister's Bridal
Tour) (1851). He has published : a (Song
Book (1852); History of German Literature)
(1862–63); Dramatic Poems) (1867-76); “Wald-
ermeister's Silver Wedding) (1876); and others.
Also a number of dramatic poems, including:
(The Enemy at Home); (The Serpent); and
(The Garden of Roses) (1876).
Rosa, Salvator (ro'sä). An Italian painter
and poet; born at Renella, near Naples, about
1615; died March 15, 1673. He wrote many
lyric poems, which he set to music; and a
number of satires, the best known of which
are : (War, (Envy, Babylon, (The Painter,
Poetry, and Music. ) His writings display
the same energy and life as are conspicuous in
his paintings. His “Satires) were published in
1719, and were incorporated with his (Odes
and Letters) (1860).
Rosa Gonzales, Juan de la (ro'sä gon-thä'.
lās). A Spanish dramatist; born at Valladolid
in 1820. His articles in criticism have placed
him among the first of Spanish contemporary
literary critics. He has also written lyric po-
etry, and a number of successful dramas, nota-
bly (At the Cock's Mass ); (With and Without
(


## p. 467 (#483) ############################################

ROSCOE - ROSINI
467
Reason); (The Counsels of Thomas); (The
Son of the People); (The Spanish Adventurer);
and Jealousy of a Noble Soul. "
Roscoe, Thomas. An English translator and
author; born at Toxteth Park, Liverpool, June
23, 1791 ; died at St. John's Wood, London, Sept.
24, 1871. He followed literature as a profession
until within a few years of his death, and pro-
duced and translated many books. His ori-
ginal works include: (Gonzola the Traitor: a
Tragedy) (1820); (The Tourist in Switzerland
and Italy) (1830), followed by six volumes of
a similar character ;Legends of Venice) (1841);
"Life of William the Conqueror) (1846); “The
Last of the Abencerages, and Other Poems!
(1850); and others. His translations comprise :
(Memoirs of Benvenuto Cellini) (1822); (Ital-
ian Novelists) (1825); (German Novelists)
(1826); (Spanish Novelists) (1832); and many
others.
Roscoe, William. An English historian;
born at Mt. Pleasant, Liverpool, March 8, 1753;
died at Toxteth Park, Liverpool, June 30, 1831.
His most important work, The Life of Lo-
renzo de' Medici? (1795), did much toward
stimulating English interest in Italian literature.
His “The Butterfly's Ball and the Grasshop-
per's Feast) (1807), a nursery classic in verse,
attracted the attention of the king and queen,
and was set to music for the young princesses.
Among his many other works may be named :
(A General View of the African Slave Trade)
(1788); (The Life and Pontificate of Leo the
Tenth) (1805); and “On the Origin and Vicis.
situdes of Literature, Science, and Art' (1817).
Roscommon, Wentworth Dillon, Earl of.
An Irish poet; born in 1633 ; died in London,
Jan. 17, 1684 or 1685. He devoted himself to
the production of literature, much of it in con-
junction with Dryden; and produced among
other works : Essays on Translated Verse)
(1684); a blank-verse paraphrase of Horace's
(Ars Poetica' (1680); and a translation of Dies
Iræ.
Rose, George. See Sketchley.
Rosegger, Petri Kettenfeier (ro'seg-er). An
Austrian poet and novelist; born at Alpl, a
small village in the Styrian Alps, July 31, 1843.
His youth was one of great poverty, and at 17
he was apprenticed to a tailor; but the excep-
tional merit of his poetry secured him patron-
age which enabled him to devote himself ex-
clusively to literature. His first book, "Zither
and Cymbals) (1869), a collection of poems
in the Styrian dialect, met with immediate
success. The best known of his other works,
which include stories, sketches, and novels, con-
cerning the peasant life about him, are: 'Tales
of the Alps' (1873); “Out of the Woods) (1874);
The Seeker after God' (1883); (The Last
Jacob) (1888); Hoch vom Dachstein (1892);
and Peter Mayr) (1894).
Rosell, Gayetano (rõ-sel'). A Spanish lit-
térateur; born in Madrid near 1815. He fol-
lowed the career of a journalist, writing many
successful articles in criticism and history. He
has published: (The Mother of St. Frederick,
a drama well received; Before You Marry,'
(The Hypocrite,' and (For a Watch and a
Hat,' all comedies; History of the Naval Com-
bat of Lepanto, regarded as the best descrip-
tion of that battle ever written; and many
translations.
Rosen, George, Baron de (rõºzen). A Rus-
sian poet; born at St. Petersburg in 1805; died
in 1860. A friend and imitator of Pushkin,
his (Three Poems) (1827) met with immediate
success; as did the succeeding volumes, includ-
ing (The Mystery) (1828); “The Virgin among
the Angels) (1828); and (The Birth of Ivan
the Terrible. He has also written tragedies,
operas, and translations. His poetry is har.
monious, elegant, and full of melancholy; but
lacks force and originality.
Rosenkranz, Johann Karl Friedrich (ro'zen-
kränts). A German philosopher; born at
Magdeburg, April 23, 1805; died June 14, 1879.
He was the best representative of the cen-
tre) of Hegel's school, and spent much time in
rearranging and reclassifying the system. His
principal works, nearly all of which have re-
ceived English versions, are: Psychology, or
the Science of Subjective Mind (1837); “Crit-
ical Explanations of Hegel's System (1840);
Life of Hegel' (1844); Modifications of Logic)
(1846); (System of Science) (1850); {Æsthetics
of the Ugly) (1853); Autobiography) (1873);
(The History of Literature (1875).
Rosenthal-Bonin, Hugo (ro'zen-täl-bõ'nēn).
A German novelist; born in Berlin, Oct. 14,
1840. He has written a great number of suc-
cessful novels, including: (The Obstacle to
Marriage (1876); (Subterranean Fire) (1879);
(The Diamond Polisher' (1881); “Black Shad-
ows) (1884); (The House with Two Entrances)
(1885); and (The Captain's Daughter' (1887).
Rosetti or Roseti, Constantin (ro-zet'tē).
A Roumanian poet and politician; born at
Bucharest, June 14, 1816; died April 19, 1885.
lie published a volume of poems under the
title of Hours of Contentment! (1843); and
wrote many political treatises, poems, and trans-
lations, a new edition of which appeared in
Bucharest in 1885.
Rosier, Joseph Bernard (roz-yā'). A
French dramatist; born at Béziers, Hérault,
Oct. 18, 1804; died at Marseilles, Oct. 12, 1880.
His well-known comedies are bright and full
of wit. They include : (The Husband of my
Wife) (1830); (A Criminal Case) (1836); At
Thirty Years) (1838); (The Protégé (1839);
(Raymond (1851); “Every One for Himself
(1856); and many others.
Rosini, Giovanni (ro-se'ne). An Italian
littérateur; born at Lucignano, Tuscany, June
24, 1776; died May 16, 1855. His poem entitled
(The Marriage of Jupiter and Latona) (1810),
written upon the occasion of the marriage of
Napoleon with Marie Louise, was awarded an
imperial prize of 10,000 francs. His many


## p. 468 (#484) ############################################

468
ROSMINI - ROSSETTI
>
works of prose and poetry include "Poems) Worthies); 'Improbable Tales); 'Two Soldiers
(1819); three historical romances, translated and a Politician'; (The Puppet); (The Scar-
into many languages, -(The Nun of Monza) let Coat); (Battle Tales); (Bobbie McDuff);
(1829), (Count Ugolin de la Gherardesca,' (The Meddling Hussy); and (Zuleika. )
and Luisa Strozzi! (1833); and a historical
drama, (Torquato Tasso) (1835). He excels
Ross-Church, Mrs. Florence. See Marryat,
as a literary and artistic critic, and his History
Florence.
of Italian Painting' (1834) is highly valued. Rossetti, Christina Georgina (ro-set'ē). An
Rosmini-Serbati, Antonio (roz-mē'nē). A
English poet, sister of Dante Gabriel; born in
noted Italian philosopher; born at Roveredo,
London, Dec. 5, 1830 ; died Dec. 29, 1894. Gob-
Tyrol, March 25, 1797 ; died at Stresa, July 1,
lin Market! (1862) is regarded as her finest
1855. He produced some thirty volumes on
production. Her other writings consist chiefly
ontology, theosophy, theodicy, pedagogy, super-
of lyric poems of great beauty, and sonnets
natural anthropology, ethics, methodology, and
mostly of a grave and simple devotional order.
other subjects; and he has disciples who con-
They include: (The Prince's Progress) (1860);
sider his name the greatest in modern meta-
'Commonplace, and Other Short Stories) (in
physics.
English translations of his Psychol.
prose : 1870); (Sing-Song: A Nursery Rhyme
ogy) and (Pedagogy) have appeared. But his
Book) (1872); (Annus Domini: A Prayer for
Each Day in the Year? (1873); Speaking
most important work is New Treatises on the
Origins of Ideas) (1830).
Likenesses) (1874); (Seek and Find) (1879);
(A Pageant, and Other Poems) (1881); (Letter
Rosmini, Carlo de. An Italian historian
and Spirit' (1883); “Verses) (1893); and several
and biographer; born at Roveredo, Oct. 29,
posthumous works. *
1758; died at Milan, June 9, 1827. After some
attempts at poetry and poetic criticism, he Rossetti, Dante Gabriel. The celebrated
wrote his finest work, Life of Victorin de English painter and poet; born in London, May
Feltre) (1801). Among his many other books 12, 1828; died at Birchington, Kent, April 9, 1882.
may be named: Life of Ovid) (1789); (Me- He was foremost among the founders of the
moirs on the Life and Writings of Clement Pre-Raphaelite brotherhood. He began writ-
Baroni Cavalcabro) (1798); "The Exemplary ing verse when but a few years old, and his
Life and Death of Marie Josephine Repetti, á Blessed Damozel) was published at 19; four
Young Milanese (1815); and History of Milan) years later he wrote the remarkable poem
(1820). He was a most conscientious hagiogra-
(Sister Helen. His other works include the
pher, withdrawing from the world and living translations of (Early Italian Poets (1861), re-
almost the life of a hermit that he might de- issued as Dante and his Circle); the magnifi.
vote himself more closely to his work.
cent ballads (Rose Mary) (1871), (The White
Ship) and (The King's Tragedy) (1880); the
Rosny, Antoine Joseph Nicolas de (rõ-nē').
A French miscellaneous writer; born at Paris
sonnet-sequence (The House of Life); and an
imaginative work in prose, 'Hand and Soul. *
in 1771; died at Valenciennes, Oct. 21, 1814.
He was one of the most prolific writers of his Rossetti, Gabriele. An Italian poet, father
century. His first book, (The Unfortunates of of Dante Gabriele; born at Vasto, Naples,
La Galetière (1796), a romance, was followed
March 1783; died in London, April 26, 1854.
with almost inconceivable rapidity by more In 1820 he composed the hymn (The Beautiful
than eighty volumes, among them being : (Life One with Seven Stars in her Hair, which be-
of Florian) (1797); (The Oracle of Apollo) came rapidly popular and is still classed among
(1800); and Literary View of France during Italian patriotic songs. Compelled to fee Italy
the Thirteenth Century) (1809), an attempt to for participation in the insurrections of 1820
finish the work on the literary history of France, and 1821, he established himself in England as
material for which had been collected by the a teacher of Italian, and published several
Benedictines of St. Maur. Chagrin at the mis- works dealing with the esoteric anti-papal
erable failure of his project hastened his death. significance of the Divine Comedy. They
include : (Divina Commedia) (1826); Dante's
Ross, Albert. See Porter, Linn Boyd.
Beatrice) (1842); and (The Anti-Papal Spirit
Ross, Alexander. A Scotch poet; born in which Led to the Reformation' (1832),
Aberdeenshire, April 13, 1699; died at Lochlee, lated into English by Miss C. Ward (1834).
Angus, May 20, 1784. He wrote verses from
his childhood, but published nothing until 69,
Rossetti, William Michael. An English
when he brought out (Helenore, or the Unfor-
poet and art critic, brother of Dante Gabriel;
tunate Shepherdess) (1768), written in the Bu-
born in London, Sept. 25, 1829. He is the au-
chan dialect, which became exceedingly popular
thor of Dante's Comedy --- The Hell, Trans-
in the north of Scotland. He also left in MS.
lated into Literal Blank Verse) (1865); Poems
eight volumes of miscellanies.
and Ballads : A Criticism' [of Swinburne ]
( 1866); (A Life of Percy Bysshe Shelley)
Ross, Clinton. An American novelist; born
(1869); and (Life of John Keats) (1887). He
in New York in 1861. He has published: (The has edited the works of many poets.
Silent Workman) (1886); (The Gallery of a
Random Collector (1888); (The Countess Bet- Rossi, Ernesto (ros'ē). An Italian actor
tina'; 'The Speculators); 'Adventures of Three and dramatist; born at Leghorn, 1829. Though


## p. 469 (#485) ############################################

ROST -- ROUGET DE LISLE
469
known chiefly as an actor, he has written
several plays, including (Adèla,' - a drama for
Mme. Ristori, with whom he has appeared, -
(The Hyenas, a social comedy, and « The Sol-
dier's Prayer); also a treatise on Hamlet);
(Dramatic Studies) (1882); (Forty Years of
Artistic Life, a collection of historical essays
and personal recollections; and Niccolai?
(1887-90).
Rost, John Christopher (röst). A German
poet; born at Leipsic, April 7, 1717 ; died in
1765. He made a reputation by his lively satires
against the Saxon school ; particularly the one
entitled (The Prelude) (1742: a sort of epic
satire in five songs), and “The Devil's Epistle)
(1754). He also wrote many pastorals, among
them being (Learned Love) (1742), the grace
of which equals its licentiousness; a collec-
tion of Letters) (1766); and (Various Poems)
(1769).
Rostan, Joseph André de (rös-tän'). A
French dramatist; born at Constantinople, Sept.
13, 1819. He has written, either in French or
in Spanish, (Egill the Demon (1847), a lyric
drama; (The Last Troubadour); (The Daugh-
ter of Voltaire) (1859); (In the Kneading
Trough) (1866); besides vaudevilles, librettos
of operas, verse, romances, and critical articles.
He himself undertook the publication of his
(Works : French and Spanish) (1863).
Rostand, Joseph Eugène Hubert (rös-tän').
A French poet and littérateur; born at Mar-
seilles, June 23, 1843. The following collections
of poems have made his reputation : "Sketches)
(1865); (The Second Page) (1866); (Simple
Poems) (1874); (The Paths of Righteousness)
("Les Sentiers Unis): 1886); and the poems of
Catullus translated into French verse (1880).
He has also published: (Questions of Social
Economy in a Great City) (1889); A Visit to
Some Bureaus of Information in Italy' (1891);
and others.
Rota, Vincent (ro'tä). An Italian littérateur;
born at Padua in 1703; died there in 1785.
He wrote a great number of theatrical pieces,
remarkable for their facility of expression and
their witty but not unkind satires; including
(The Dead Alive, (The Icy Shepherd,' and
(The Fantasm. He also wrote (The Confla-
gration of the Time of St. Anthony of Padua :
A Tale (1749), in imitation of Boccaccio ; and
many dialogues and epistles in Latin.
Rotalier, Charles Édouard Joseph (rõ-täl-
yā'). A French historian and publicist; born
at Villerspoz near Colombier, in 1804; died
July 21, 1849. He began his literary career
with two romances, (The Captive of Barbe-
rousse) and (The Daughter of the Dey, sug-
gested by his sojourn in Africa in command
of a regiment. But he soon abandoned fiction
for more serious work, and wrote the History
of Algiers,' a strong and brilliant production,
still considered an authority upon the subject;
and France and her Relations with Europe,
a work which at once placed him in the high-
est rank of the publicists of his day.
Rotgans, Lucas (rot'gäns). A Dutch poet;
born in Amsterdam, October 1645; died at
Kromwyck, Nov. 3, 1710. He wrote an epic
poem of great merit, in eight cantos, of which
the hero is William of Orange (William III.
of England); two tragedies, Æneas and Tur-
nus) and “Scylla,' played with great success for
a long time; (The Parish Feast,' a descriptive
poem in two songs; and Miscellaneous Poems. )
Rotrou, Jean (rõ-trö'). A French dramatist;
born at Dreux, Aug. 21, 1609; died June 27 or
28, 1650. He was but 19 when his first piece
was played : it was (The Hypochondriac)
(1628), a tragicomedy in five acts. His chef
d'ouvre is "Venceslas, a tragedy founded on
the Spanish play of Francesco de Rojas, 'One
Cannot be Both Father and King. He pro-
duced a great number of other plays, the finest
of which are (St. Genest,' (Don Bertrand de
Cabrère,' and (Cosroës.
Rotteck, Karl Wenzeslaus Rodecker von
(rot'ek). A German historian; born at Frei-
burg, Baden, July 18, 1775; died there, Nov.
26, 1840. His Universal History) (1813-27),
and its minor compendium, Universal History
of the World) (1830), exercised a great and
beneficial influence upon the middle classes of
Germany. Both books have been often re-
printed and translated into several languages.
Roucher, Jean Antoine (rö-shā'). A French
poet; born Feb. 17 or 22, 1745, at Montpellier;
guillotined at Paris, July 25, 1794. He wrote
an epithalamium on the marriage of Louis
XVI. and Marie Antoinette, entitled (France
and Austria at Hymen's Temple. But his
principal production is the didactic poem in
five songs, «The Months) (1779), which was
ridiculed on its first appearance, but later ac-
knowledged and admired by the literary world.
He also translated Adam Smith's (Wealth of
Nations ( 1790 ). His letters to his family
while in prison were published under the title
of (The Consolations of my Captivity) (1797).
Rougemont, Michel Nicolas Balisson de
(rözh-mon'). A French dramatist, novelist, and
journalist ; born at La Rochelle in 1781; died
in July 1840. His dramatic compositions are
almost innumerable. The most remarkable
are : (The Supposed Husband (1806); (The
Supper of Henry IV. (1810); (The Marriage
of Charlemagne) (1811); (The Fête of Henry
IV. (1826). Among his many other poems, ro-
mances, and feuilletons are: (The Return of
the Hero) (1805), a poem ; (Song-Book of the
Bourbons) (1814); (Bonhomme; or, Observa-
tions upon Parisian Manners and Customs at
the Beginning of the Nineteenth Century)
(1818); (The French Rover) (1816-22); and
(Spain Delivered) (1823).
Rouget de Lisle, Claude Joseph (rö-zhā' dė
lēl'). A French officer and song-writer; born
at Lons-le-Saulnier, May 10, 1760; died at Choisy-
le-Roi, June 26 or 27, 1836. He composed both
words and music of La Marseillaise,' when he
was an officer of engineers at Strasburg, on the


## p. 470 (#486) ############################################

470
ROUMANILLE - ROY
a
night of April 25, 1792. It first appeared under
the title of Song of the Army of the Rhine.
He wrote several other fragments of songs,
included in his (Fifty French Songs, Words of
Various Authors, Set to Music by Rouget de
Lisle) (1825); and other poems, stories, and
plays, of but little merit.
Roumanille, Joseph (rö-män-ēl'). A French
(Provençal) poet; born at Saint Remy (Bouches-
du-Rhône), Aug. 8, 1818; died at Avignon, May
24, 1891. He was one of the most popular au-
thors of the Society of Félibres. Apart from
his improvisations, for which he was noted, he
produced : (Li Margarideto (1847); "Le Cam-
pano Mountado' (1857); "Lis Oubreto (1859);
(Li Conte Provençau li Cascareleto (1884); and
others,
Roumieux, Louis (röm-yė'). A French (Pro-
vençal) poet; born at Nimes in 1829. Among
his productions may be named : (Li Bourga-
diero) (1852), a collection of satires in the
Nimois dialect ; Li Griseto (1853); and Quan
vou Prendre dos Lèbre à la Fes n'en Pren
Ges) (1863), a comedy.
Rousseau, Jean Baptiste (rö-sõ'). A French
poet; born at Paris, April 1670; died at Brus.
sels, March 17, 1741. He wrote a great number
of odes, epistles, plays, allegories, songs, and
epigrams; and although esteemed by his con-
temporaries the prince of our lyric poets, is
now looked upon as a mediocre writer. He
brought out an edition of his Works) (1712);
and many others have subsequently appeared.
Rousseau, Jean Jacques. The renowned
French writer; born in Geneva, June 28, 1712;
died at Ermenonville near Paris, July 2, 1778.
He published: Memoir on the Shape of the
Earth) (1738); (Mme. de Warens) (1739); Dis-
sertation on Modern Music' (1743); “Does the
Cultivation of the Arts and Sciences Tend
to Promote Morality ? ) (1750); (The Village
Soothsayer) (1753); (Narcissus' (1753); "Letter
on French Music) (1753); “On the Origins and
Foundations of Inequality among Mankind
(1755); (On Political Economy) (1758); (To
D'Alembert on the Article (Geneva) in the
Encyclopedia' (1758); "Letters to Voltaire,' va-
riously dated; (A Project of Perpetual Peace
(1761); (The Social Contract) ( 1762 ); Emile)
(1762); “To the Archbishop of Paris) (1763);
(The Departure of Silvie) (1763); Letters
from the Mountain (1764); ( Theatre Mimicry)
(1764); (Dictionary of Music) (1767); Letters
on his Exile) (1770). Posthumously appeared
(Émile and Sophie) ( 1780 ); Consolations of
my Life) (1781); (Government of Poland)
(1782); Confessions) (1782-90). *
Rousseau, Pierre. A French dramatist;
born at Toulouse, Aug. 19, 1716 or 1725; died
at Bouillon, Nov. 10, 1785. He brought rid-
icule upon himself by assuming the title of
<< Rousseau of Toulouse » to distinguish him-
self from (Rousseau of Geneva. ” In collab-
oration with Favart, he published A Coquette
Without knowing It) (1744), and Mistakes)
(1744), played with some success. He also
wrote (The False Step) (1755), a novel ; (His-
tory of the Card-Sharpers) (1758); and others.
Rousseau, Pierre Joseph. A French littéra-
teur; born at Paris in 1797 ; died there in 1819.
He wrote a number of vaudevilles in collab-
oration with others, signed for the most part
with the pseudonyms "James Rousseau) and
“Maxime James. Among them are: (The
Lady of the Lake) (1825); (The Fairy of the
Neighborhood) (1826); and Love and Fear)
(1827); also (Memoirs of my Creditors) (1828),
and other miscellanies.
Rousset, Camille Félix Michel (rö-sā'). A
French historian; born at Paris, Feb. 15, 1821;
died at Saint Gobain (Aisne), Oct. 19, 1892.
Among his published works are: History of
Louvois) (1861-63); (The Volunteers of 1791-
94' (1870); (History of the Crimean War)
(1877); and (Beginnings of a Conquest : Al-
giers from 1830 to 1840) (1887).
Roux, Amédée (ro). A French littérateur;
born at Billom, May 9, 1828. Besides a number
of translations and the editing of the works of
Voiture and letters of Count d'Avaux, he has
published: (A Misanthrope at the Court of
Louis XIV. : Montausier) (1860); History of
Italian Literature under the Régime of Unifica-
tion' (1869–83); and (Bird's-Eye View of Three
Literatures) (1873).
Rowbotham, John Frederick. A Scotch
miscellaneous writer; born in 1852. He resided
in Germany several years, collecting material
for his elaborate (History of Music) (1885);
after which he turned his attention to the study
of mediæval poetry, and published (The Death
of Roland: An Epic Poem (1887).
Rowe, Nicholas. An English dramatist and
poet-laureate; born at Little Barford, Bedford-
shire, June 30 (? ), 1674; died Dec. 6, 1718. He
was a successful courtier and politician, but is
best known as the translator of Lucan's (Phar-
salia' (1718), and the author of many successful
plays, the most popular of which were the tra-
gedies : (Tamerlane) (1702); «The Fair Peni-
tent) (1703); Jane Shore (1714); and "Lady
Jane Grey' (1715).
Rowson, Susanna. An English-American
actress, playwright, and novelist; born at Ports-
mouth, England, in 1762 ; died at Boston, Mass. ,
March 2, 1824. She appeared on the American
stage for about a year; after which she settled
in Boston, opening a school and turning her
attention to literary pursuits. She is famed as
the author of Charlotte Temple: A Tale of
Truth' (1790), which had an immediate and
great success, and has long been a popular
classic in America ; and its sequel, Lucy Tem-
ple; or, The Three Orphans) (1828). Among
her many other novels and farces may be
named : Victoria' (1786), the characters of
which were drawn from life; and (The In-
quisitor, or Invisible Rambler) (1788).
Roy, Just Jean Étienne (rwä). A French
littérateur; born at Marnay (Haute-Saône), Oct.


## p. 471 (#487) ############################################

ROY — RUFFINI
471
13, 1794; died at Pontleroy, June 22, 1871. He
published, under his own name and the pseu-
donyms of « Étienne Gervais,» «Just Girard,"
and “Théodore Menard," a number of books,
including the series entitled History of Fé-
nelon) (1838); History of Louis XI. (1842);
Illustrations of the History of Germany, Eng-
land, Egypt, Spain, France, Italy, Russia, and
Sweden) (1843-45); (History of Louis XIV. ?
(1844); (France of the Twelfth Century) (1850);
(Modern Algiers) (1855); (The Empire of Bra-
zil) (1858); “History of England) (1863); and
many others, the greater number of which ran
through many editions.
Roy, Pierre Charles. A French poet; born
at Paris in 1683; died Oct. 23, 1764. His repu-
tation rests largely upon his two plays, 'Cal-
lirhoé) (1712), generally conceded to be his
best work, and (Semiramis) (1718), regarded
by some as even superior. His ballet (The
Elements) (1725) added to his reputation.
His many odes, epilogues, plays, interludes,
and ballets, were collected after his death and
published as Various Works) (1727). His
epigrams have made him famous in his own
country; his last one involved him in a fatal
quarrel.
Royce, Josiah. An American educator and
author; born at Grass Valley, Cal. , Nov. 20,
1855. He became professor of the history of
philosophy in Harvard in 1892, and has pub-
lished: A Primer of Logical Analysis) (1881);
(The Religious Aspect of Philosophy) (1885);
(California) (1886); (The Feud of Oakfield
Creek) (1887), a novel; “The Spirit of Modern
Philosophy) (1892); and many articles and
lectures.
Royer, Alphonse (rwä-ā'). A French dram-
atist and littérateur; born at Paris, Sept. 10,
1803; died there, April 11, 1875. After spend-
ing a number of years in the Orient, he turned
to the production of dramatic literature, meet-
ing with marked and lasting success. Many
of his plays were written in collaboration with
his friend Gustave Vaëz. They include: (The
Poor Boys' (1830);"Venice the Beautiful (1834);
and Adventures of Travel (1837). He also
published a Universal History of the Theatre)
(1869–71), and many literary miscellanies.
Rückert, Heinrich (rük'ert). A German
historian, son of Friedrich; born at Coburg,
Feb. 14, 1825; died at Breslau, Sept. II, 1875.
His works include the monographs: Life of
St. Louis, Landgrave of Thuringia) (1850), and
(Brother Philip, of the Order of the Chartreux)
(1855); also‘Annals of German History' (1850);
(History of the Middle Ages) (1852); and (His-
tory of German Civilization at the Period of
Transition from Pagan to Christian Times)
(1853-54).
Rückert, (Johann Michael] Friedrich. A
distinguished German poet and Orientalist;
born at Schweinfurt, Bavaria, May 16, 1788;
died at Neuses, near Coburg, Jan. 31, 1866.
He published his (German Poems) (1814),
containing the famous Panoplied Sonnets,' -
directed against Napoleon,- under the pen.
name of “Freimund Raimar"); that is, the
poet of the free mouth. ” His poetry is much
admired for the ingenuity of its workmanship,
its strength and imaginative grace, and is full
of inspiration drawn from his patriotism and
his studies of the legends of the Orient; but is
philosophic rather than spontaneous.