Yet, while the infant
suffered
from weakness, herpersonalbeautyevenimproved.
O'Hanlon - Lives of the Irish Saints - v2
It is certain, this Brigid, with her three sisters Corba, Lassara, and Lemania, had descended from the line of Dalriadan
who were
in FuUarton's "
land," vol. i. , pp. 22 to 24.
most
chiefs both in Scotia Major, or Ireland, and in Scotia Minor, or Scotland. From this line, the kings of Albanian Scotia issued. In the same Albanian Scotia we find a loca- lity, termed Magluinge. This appears, where land. She is mentioned in Capgrave's the plain of Lunge is said to have been "in "Acta S. Cuthberti," and in Ussher's terra Ethica," according to Adamnan's
Imperial
Gazetteer of Scot-
princes,
formerly
powerful
53 In Colgan s opinion, the St. Brigid, in- terred at Abernethy, should rather be con-
sidered a holy virgin, who was a disciple of St. Columba, Bishop of Dunkeld, in Scot-
"Primordia Ecclesiarum Britannicarum," "Vita S. Columbse," lib. ii. , cap. 15. The "
cap. xvi. , p. 705, where we read, "S. Co- country, called terra Ethica, seems to
lumba primus Episcopus in Dunkeld Cuth- have derived its denomination from Ethech
bertum puerum suscepit ; unaque cum or Echodius, prince of Dalaradia, or as he puella quadam nomine Brigida ex Hibernia is called by the British Scots Ethod.
It is supposed, if the circumstances of time do not warrant such an opinion, those of place are favourable to it, for this St. Brigid had been educated in Britannic Scotia.
*'
Scoti-Monasticon : The Ancient Church
54 See Rev. Mackenzie E. C. Walcott's
of Scotland," p, 2.
55 Ibid. , p. 72. This work contains some
beautiful illustrations of Scottish churches.
5^ Ibid. , p. 84.
57 It is said, St. Cuthbert flourished in
Britain, about a. d. 660, and at this period,
February i. ] LIVES OE 7HE IRISH SAINTS. 39
not difficult, moreover, to discover the origin of that error, into which Hector
Boetius,59 and other writers after him, had been betrayed, when they state, that St. Brigid of Kildare was veiled in the Isle of Man, and by Bishop Machille. In some of St. Brigid's Acts, we read, that she had received the veil from a Bishop Machille, or more correctly, from a Bishop Maccalleus. ^ In certain Acts of the Irish Apostle,*^^ it is stated, that Maccaldus, or more properly Macculleus, a disciple to our illustrious Irish Apostle, had been consecratedabishopandplacedovertheIsleofMan. *^* Hence,ithadbeen incorrectly supposed St. Brigid received the veil in that island, while it is evident from her Acts by Cogitosus, that she had been invested with it, not in Mannia,^3 but in Media,^-^ and that it had been given to her, not by Macculleus, Bishop of Man, but by another Maccalleus, quite a different person from the first-named prelate. ^s
It will surprise the curious investigator of our glorious saint's biography, to learn on what grounds Scoto-British writers state her birth to have taken
place in Laudonia, that she was veiled by Bishop Machille in Mona Island,^ that she died and was buried at Abernethy,67 in the Tiffa district of North Britain ; especially, when we take into account, that among many writers of St. Brigid's Acts, no one of them has even stated, she was born out of Ireland, or has mentioned any other place or country in Britain having connection with her Life and labours. We can hardly take into account Dempster's ridiculous explanation, that Ladenia,^^ a province of Britain, should be sub- stituted for Lagenia. In previous passages, it will be seen, that the most authentic accounts make St. Brigid, not only a native of Ireland, but they even assert she was conceived in Leinster, was born in Ulster, and had been educated in Connaught ; they likewise state, that she assumed the veil in Meath, while her labours extended to Munster, as well as to those other provinces already mentioned. In fine, it is stated, she died at Kildare in Leinster, and afterwards she was honourably interred at Down in Ulster, having been deposited in the same tomb with St. Patrick and Columkille. Moreover, her paternal and maternal genealogy, derived through such a long line of ancestors, so many saints related to her, so many other holy Irish virgins bearing her name, and so many journeys take;i by her, through Irish
59 See "Scotorum Historic," &c. , lib. ''s See "Appendix Quarta ad Acta S. ix. , fol. clxiiii. Brigidae," cap. iv. , pp. 614 to 617, ibid.
^See "Trias " ^A Colgan's Thaumaturga.
Hymnus seu Prima Vita S. Brigidae, sec. 8, p. 515. Secunda Vita S. Brigidae, cap. iii. , p. 519. Quinta Vita S. Brigidae, cap. xxix. , p. 574'
^^
fine old of with Coats of Map Mona,
Arms, coloured, was published in folio size about A. D. 1620. In 1835, was issued at
Douglas, in 8vo shape, Arch. Cregeen's "Dictionary of the Manks Language, inter- spersed with many Gaelic Proverbs. "
^^ There is an account of Aber- interesting
nethy (Apumethige) in Rev. Mackenzie E. S. Walcott's " Ancient Church of Scotland,"
pp. 316, 317.
^^
Colgan says, he could not find any pro- vince, territory or spot, called Laudenia or Landian. If perchance, Dempster wished to understand Laudonia, most certainly in St. Brigid's time, it did not belong to the Picts or Scots, but to the more southern Britons. In the century of Venerable Bede, it appertained to the Northumbrians and English. This is proved by Ussher, in his
"Primordia Ecclcsiarum Britannicarum," pp. 663, 667.
By Jocelyn. ^' "
See Sexta Vita S.
Patricii," cap. clii. , p. 98. Colgan's "Trias Thaumaturga. "
^3 The Island of Man. See " Chronicon Manniee, or a Chronicle of the Kings of Man," supposed to have been written by the Monks of the Abbey of Russin, for an in- teresting account of the civil and ecclesias- tical history of the island. This i2mo book, published in 1 784, contains the Norwegian narrative of Olave, the Black King of Man, with other curious particulars.
^* Or the territory of Meath. See Colgan's
"Trias Thaumaturga. " Secunda Vita S.
Brigidae, cap. iii. , p. 519, and n. ii, p. 525, ibid.
40 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [February i.
towns, plains and territories, from her birth to the time of her death, prove conclusively, that St. Brigid should be specially classed among our national saints. It is not a little surprising—to say the least of it—to find Dempster^?
has not only infelicitously, but even incautiously, jumbled irrelevant circum- stances,withhisassertions. 7° Itisincredibletosuppose,thatsomanyreliable
authors, as those already cited, could egregiously and perseveringly have corrupted the names of Lagenia and Laudenia, in the manner it has pleased Dempster alone to imagine, and that without any grounds. 7^ To assume that he meant Laudonia,72 if we allow, that before Bede's time, it belonged to Albania, it certainly was never under the Scottish dominion, but solely under that of the Picts, from whom Pictland is called. If therefore, St. Brigid had been born in Laudonia,73 it must be conceded, she was not a Scot, but a Briton, or at least a Pict, by family and birth.
To resume what we consider the more legendary accounts of our saint's early infancy, it is said, that the Magus, the mother of St. Brigid, her nurse and others, who were sitting in a certain place without the house, saw a cloth take fire suddenly,74 and it touched the head of this holy child, who was besidethem. But,whentheirhandswereimmediatelystretchedforthtoex- tinguish the flame, it disappeared at once, and the cloth was even found to have escaped the ravages of this fire. Such a portent was supposed to have been an indication, that the grace of the Holy Spirit inflamed God's servant. 7S On another occasion, while this same Magus was sleeping, he had a vision of two angels,76 clothed in white, pouring oil on the girl's head, and seeming to perform a baptismal rite in the usual manner. 77 From such account, some persons have inferred our saint had been baptized by an angel. How- ever, this should be a false conjecture, as the Magus is merely said to have seen this apparition during his sleep, and it only indicated the future per- formance of the rite, as also the name Brigid was destined to bear. 7^
:
One of those angels said to 'the Magus " Call this virgin Brigid, for
^ This writer remarks, St. Brigid has been
called a Lagenian, whereas, she ought to be consideredaLadenian; herfather,itispre-
tended, having been from Ladenia, deno-
'*
minated Landian, in Dempster's time. Ladenia nunc Landian," &c. See "His- toria Ecclesiastica Gentis Scotorum," lib. ii. , num. 144.
7° These manifestly false statements ob-
viously destroy all faith in accounts, the in- accuracy of which could not otherwise be so easily detected by a cursory reader of his works. "Wilful negligence and perversion of facts are very clearly attributable to this self- constituted historian.
7' Yet, after all, if we should institute a
careful examination of the entire map of
British Scotland, we shall not be able to
discover the Ladenia or Landian, imagined
by Dempster, no more than we could expect
to find Lagenia there. Having attentively sia, super cam peregerunt. " Colgan adds read over all the names of Albanian Scotia's that a succeeding prophecy seems to have provinces, territories and other particular its truth confirmed from experience. See localities, and their very accurate descrip- "Trias Thaumaturga. " Quarta Vita S. tions, as given by Hector Boetius and George
Buchannan, Colgan could find no such de- nomination.
7' A very interesting account of this pro- vince, Loudian, or Lothian, will be found in
BrigidoB, n. 16, p. 564. Quinta Vita S. Brigidx, cap. viii. , p. 569, and nn. 9, 11, p. 640.
Chalmers' "Caledonia," vol. i. , book iii. , chap, vi. , pp. 367 to 373.
73AsDempsterstates.
74 In Professor O'Looney's Irish Life of Ex the Saint, this cloth is called the covering
or cap, which was on the infant's head, pp. 7,8.
«'
Trias Thaumaturga. " Tertia Vita S. Brigidce, cap. vi. , pp. 527, 528. Quarta Vita S. Brigidse, lib. i. , cap.
X. , p. 547, ibid.
7<^ The Irish Life has three angels, clothed
in white garments, like clerics. Professor
O'Looney's copy, pp. 7, 8.
77 Colgan remarks, that the ministry of
75 See Colgan's
angels is often read, as having been em- ployed in the administration of the sacra- ments to men. The Fifth Life expressly says; "aqua perfundentes totum ordinem baptismatis sicut Catholica consuevit eccle-
78 See Tertia Vita S. Brigidac, n. 7, p. 543. Quarta Vita S. Brigidse, n. 15, p. 564.
February i. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 41
she shall be full of grace before God and man, and her name shall be
celebrated throughout the entire world. " Pronouncing such words, those
angels disappeared. On a certain occasion, being awake, and studying the course of the heavenly bodies, according to a usual custom79 during the . ,. , whole night, that same Magus saw a column of fire ascending from the » , house, in which Brigid and her mother slept. He called another man to witnesssuchphenomenon. Inthemorning,anaccountofthisprodigywas given to many other persons. ^ We are told, that the child's stomach rejected the food of the Magus, and on endeavouring to discover a cause for
: suchnausea,themagicianwasurgedtocryout "Iamunclean,butthis
girl is filled with graces of the Holy Spirit, and that is the reason why she will not retain any sustenance which I supply to her. " Whereupon, he procured a white cow,^^ which was intended to give milk, while a certain religious and Christian woman was provided to take charge of the infant. That woman milked the cow, and the milk, afterwards given to the child, was found to agree with her.
Yet, while the infant suffered from weakness, herpersonalbeautyevenimproved. ^^ Asthemaidgrewup,sheservedin menial offices about the house. ^3 Whatever she touched or saw, in the shape of food, seemed to increase in a miraculous manner. It is remarked, that the Magus and his family were Pagans at the time of these occurrences. Afterwards, however, he became a Christian. A little before this latter event, the faith of Christ is said to have come into Ireland. ^^ On a certain
day, the infant's voice was heard praying to God, while extending her little
handstowardsheaven. Acertainmansalutedher,andtohimshereplied,
" This will be mine ; this will be mine. " Hearing such words, he said ;
"
for ever. " And her prediction was exactly fulfilled. ^s in course of time, a
This is truly a prophecy, for the infant says this place shall belong to her
79 The Fourth Life has it,
"
suoque more
nion, being obliged to take a little water immediately afterwards, in order to facilitate such an effort. On each Thursday, also, she rather tasted than drank a little water.
astra coeli considerans," &c. It may be
asked, if this passage throws any light on
the supposed ^astronomical pursuit of the
Druids ?
^°
Brigidse, cap. viii. , p. 569, ibid.
^^ Professor O'Looney's Irish Life has a
"white red-eared cow," pp. 9, 10.
And during such a long lapse of time, she neither eat or drank anything, besides what hasbeenalreadymentioned. Norhadshe
See Colgan's "Trias Thaumaturga,"
Tertia Vita S, Brigidae, cap. vii. , viii. , p.
528. Quarta Vita S. Brigidse, lib. i. , cap. even an appetite for eating or drinking, xi. , p, 547, ibid. As usual, the foregoing
circumstances are greatly amplified in the
Fifth Life of our Saint, where it is added,
that the Magus and his wife took care to
provide a nurse for the infant. This nurse
assisted the mother in attending to its wants.
It is also said, the heads of the family were
very indulgent to the mother, even although
they held her as a slave. Quinta Vita S.
2=^ The writer of St. remarks,thatt—hisaccountshouldnotexcite
the — incredulity
a great appearance of personal comeliness, This wonderful example of abstinence, it is said, could be vouched for, by more wit- nesses than even the inhabitants of that village, in which the maiden lived. Hence, a less remarkable instance, in St. Brigid's case, cannot be reasonably doubted. The writer then adds, that what the Almighty had effected for the then living was
reason. Vita Bri- undefinable See Quinta-S.
day,
all Sundays of the year. And as the passage through the throat was of narrow compass, she could scarcely swallow Holy Commu-
gidse, cap. x. , xi. , pp. 569, 570,
Brigid's
Fifth Life
virgin
only known to the great Author and for an
if
even it the admi-
might
in his own
ibid.
^3 Professor O'Looney's Irish Life states, that she used to train the sheep, supply the
ration ofhisreaders; for,
it was possible to see a certain virgin, that
dwelt in the south of England, and that she
lived for twenty years in her father's house,
without taking any kind of food, except the
Body of our Lord, which she received on Vita Tertia S. Brigidse, cap. x. , p. 528.
Although she was reduced to a great degree of bodily prostration, and could not walk :
yet, her mental powers were unimpaired, she had the faculty of speech, and retained
birds, and feed the poor, pp. 9, 10.
^-^ See Colgan's "Trias Thaumaturga,
"
Vita Quarta S. Brigidse, lib. i. , cap. vii. , p.
547, ibid.
^s «' * in The Life of St. Brigid,
the
Mary
42 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS [February i.
large parish was formed in that part of the country, and it was dedicated to
St. Brigid. ^^ Learning those foregoing words, some local inhabitants went
:
to the Magus and said to him " Do you remain with us, but let the girl,
who has prophesied that our lands will belong to her, retire. " The Magus
"
I shall not leave my female slave and her daughter, but I will ratherquityourcountry. " ThentheMagus,withhisfamily,issaidtohave directed his course towards Munster, his native province. ^7 There, also, he
^^
replied :
inherited a paternal estate.
In St. Brigid's Third Life, we afterwards read of a desire entering the
daughter's mind to return—in all probability—to her father's home. On
learning this wish, the Magus sent messengers to Dubtach, who was informed, that his daughter could be received free. The father of our Saint was greatly
rejoiced. On the reception of this message, he went to the magician's house, whence he returned,^? accompanied by his daughter. The Christian nurse also followed her youthful charge. 9° This attendant was seized with
some complaint. Our Saint, accompanied by another girl, was sent to the house of a certain man,9': that they might procure a draught of beer for the
patient. In this expectation, it appears, the messengers were disappointed ; but on their return homewards, St. Brigid turned out of her course towards a particular well. ^'* Here she filled the vessel borne with water, and instantly
of Erin,' and the special Patroness of the sancta puella fideliter ministrabat. " Then
Dioceses of Kildare and Leighlin," by an
Irish Priest, the late Rev. Mr. O'Donnell of
Maynooth College, the expressions of the holy infant are referred, not to an earthly, but to a heavenly, inheritance. See chap.
i. , p. 9. Dublin, 1859, i8mo.
twenty-one or twenty-two chapters of the latter life are said to be missing. In a note we find remarked, that these seem to have been omitted, owing to the fault of a scribe. But their tenor may be gleaned from the ninth to the thirty-second chapter of the preceding life. See ibid, n. 17, p. 564.
**"
Colgan maintains, that from the manner
in which this account is conveyed in her '*"
Third Life, by the word parrochia, the
author means a district of ecclesiastical land,
dedicated to St. Brigid, according to an old
custom. In Colgan's time, there was a parish
church consecrated to St. Brigid, in the
diocese of Elphin, within the district of related. After describing the virtues, which
Soil-mured-haigh, and in the province of Connaught. Formerly a monastery was there endowed with ample possessions. The author, in Colgan's opinion, must have flourished at a distant date ; for, he says, that district was large, that a considerable tract of land was attached, and that it was St. Brigid's patrimony. For many ages before Colgan's time, the tract there was of no large extent, nor did it belong to St. Brigid's order. See "Trias Thauma- turga," Vita Tertia S. Brigidse, n. 8, p. 543, ibid. However, it may still be ques- tioned, if Colgan rightly indentified the locality, to which allusion has been made.
^1 These circumstances are also briefly related in Professor O'Looney's Irish Life, pp. 7, 8.
characterized the holy maiden, when absent from her paternal roof, the writer then pro- ceeds to relate how her father impulsively thanked God for having sent him such a daughter. While leaving her mother still a captive, Brigid and her nurse were brought to his house. There his daughter was re- ceived with the most affectionate care. See Quinta Vita S. Brigidee, cap. xiii. , p. 570> ibid. See also "The Life of St. Brigid," by an Irish Priest, chap, ii. , pp. 14, 15.
9' In Professor O'Looney's Irish Life, he
is named Baethchu, pp. 9, 10.
9" The account runs, that she was enabled
lo express these words, as versified in the Sixth Life :
" Third and Fourth Lives of our Saint. See
^ These circumstances are related in the
Qucerite cervisiam : voluptas. "
"
Trias Thaumaturga," Vita Tertia S. Brigidae, cap. ix. , p. 528. Vita Quarta S. Brigidee, cap. xii. , p. 579. In the latter record, we find these following additional particulars related: "Cum jam crevisset quidem corpore, sed plus fidespe et charitate,
Colgan's
^ It is stated to be in Ui Failge, or Offaly, in Professor O'Looney's Irish Life, pp. 9, lo.
9° Colgan's "Trias Thaumaturga," Vita Tertia S. Brigidas, cap. xi. , p. 528. In the Fifth Life of our Saint, the same circum-
stances apparently are somewhat differently
mihi mcdo magna Then follow these lines i
*'
Brigida (tunc fuerat juvenis et pulchm puella)
Mittitur ad vicos quaerendo quippe liquo* rem,
February i. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 43
it became changed into an excellent description of beer. 93 When the nurse tasted it, she recovered from her infirmity. 94 This miracle is also alluded to in one of St. Brigid's offices.
Most of those foregoing accounts are altogether omitted, from narratives
which are considered to have been the earliest and most authentic biogra-
phies of our Saint ; and there is every reason to suppose them altogether
legendary, and undeserving attention. Nor can we find any valid reason to
question a supposition already adduced,9s that our Saint's parents, besides
being of noble family, were also Christians, and that St. Brigid herself was
born in lawful wedlock. All her biographers seem agreed, however, that
from her earliest youth, this illustrious maiden was remarkable for every
noble and virtuous characteristic, foreshadowing the future Saint. To her
Christian nurse is attributed much of that holy training, which during child-
hoodmadeheradevoutclientofJesusandMary. 96 whenthisholyvirgin
grew to the years of discretion, and even from her most tender youth, she
was distinguished for her extraordinary virtues f^ especially, for that grave
decorum and modesty, which bestowed dignity and propriety on her every
word and action. Each day she acquired some new virtue, or increased in
spiritual progress. She was early grounded in doctrines of the Christian's
Faith j and she must have received, also, some secular education, corre-
sponding with the rank of her parents. From earliest years she was distin-
guished for instances of extraordinary charity, especially towards the poor. An anecdote of her childhood is related. s^ The youthful virgin was bounti-
ful and hospitable to such a degree, that she frequently distributed to the poor and to strangers large quantities of milk and butter, which her mother
had committed to her charge. In consequence of this generous propensity, she found on a certain occasion, that her store was completely exhausted.
Being accustomed each day to superintend the labours of her maids and of her daughter, in various departments of their industry, our Saint's mother was about to make her usual inquiries, when fearing reproof for the improvi-
Virgo Dei properans una comitante sorore.
Quidam cervisiam, quamvis velabat, ha- bebat :
Virginibus sacris stultus donare negabat. "
account, and all that follows in this biogra-
phy, so far as the 35th chapter, are wanting in the Fourth Life. See ibid, n. 8, p. 543. The circumstances of this miracle are related, with certain modifications, in the Fifth and Sixth Lives. In the former, it is said, during her infirmity, the nurse suffered greatly from thirst, and that St. Brigid signed the water drawn from the well, with a sign of the cross, while those, who were present and witnessed the miraculous effect produced, admired and extolled our Saint's
Further on this line occurs
:
*'
Qui latices gelidos Lyei convertit in un- das :"
to which Colgan appends this note, that in the
MS. for lyei, or more correctly, lya:i, was to faith and miraculous powers. It is here
be found cccli(z. But because the author seems to allude to the change by Christ of water into wine at Cana in Galilee, lycni appears to be the correct reading. See "Trias Thaumaturga," Vita Quinta S. Brigidse, cap. xvi. , p. 571 ; and Sexta Vita S. Bri- gidae, sec. iii,, p. 583, and n. 8, p. 598, ibid.
93 The kind of beer alluded to was mead, as expressed in the metrical life. It appears to have been a favourite drink among the a—ncient Iri—sh ; and, most likely, it was little
said, likewise, that two girls accompanied the Saint, when she proceeded on her er- rand. In the Sixth Life, it is stated, that the nurse had been seized with a burning fever, so that she could scarcely articulate owing to thirst,
9S Especially by Dr. Lanigan.
at all impregnated with intoxicating
Irish Priest, chap, i. , pp. 10 to 13.
'^^ See the various published Offices and
accounts of our Saint, by different writers.
^s Professor
By Cogitosus. In O'Looney's
Irish Life of St. Brigid, this account is am-
plified, and St. Brigid's prayer is rendered into three Irish stanzas, pp. il to 14,
if properties.
9-* Colgan's "Trias Thaumaturga," Vita Tertia S. Brigidfe, cap.
who were
in FuUarton's "
land," vol. i. , pp. 22 to 24.
most
chiefs both in Scotia Major, or Ireland, and in Scotia Minor, or Scotland. From this line, the kings of Albanian Scotia issued. In the same Albanian Scotia we find a loca- lity, termed Magluinge. This appears, where land. She is mentioned in Capgrave's the plain of Lunge is said to have been "in "Acta S. Cuthberti," and in Ussher's terra Ethica," according to Adamnan's
Imperial
Gazetteer of Scot-
princes,
formerly
powerful
53 In Colgan s opinion, the St. Brigid, in- terred at Abernethy, should rather be con-
sidered a holy virgin, who was a disciple of St. Columba, Bishop of Dunkeld, in Scot-
"Primordia Ecclesiarum Britannicarum," "Vita S. Columbse," lib. ii. , cap. 15. The "
cap. xvi. , p. 705, where we read, "S. Co- country, called terra Ethica, seems to
lumba primus Episcopus in Dunkeld Cuth- have derived its denomination from Ethech
bertum puerum suscepit ; unaque cum or Echodius, prince of Dalaradia, or as he puella quadam nomine Brigida ex Hibernia is called by the British Scots Ethod.
It is supposed, if the circumstances of time do not warrant such an opinion, those of place are favourable to it, for this St. Brigid had been educated in Britannic Scotia.
*'
Scoti-Monasticon : The Ancient Church
54 See Rev. Mackenzie E. C. Walcott's
of Scotland," p, 2.
55 Ibid. , p. 72. This work contains some
beautiful illustrations of Scottish churches.
5^ Ibid. , p. 84.
57 It is said, St. Cuthbert flourished in
Britain, about a. d. 660, and at this period,
February i. ] LIVES OE 7HE IRISH SAINTS. 39
not difficult, moreover, to discover the origin of that error, into which Hector
Boetius,59 and other writers after him, had been betrayed, when they state, that St. Brigid of Kildare was veiled in the Isle of Man, and by Bishop Machille. In some of St. Brigid's Acts, we read, that she had received the veil from a Bishop Machille, or more correctly, from a Bishop Maccalleus. ^ In certain Acts of the Irish Apostle,*^^ it is stated, that Maccaldus, or more properly Macculleus, a disciple to our illustrious Irish Apostle, had been consecratedabishopandplacedovertheIsleofMan. *^* Hence,ithadbeen incorrectly supposed St. Brigid received the veil in that island, while it is evident from her Acts by Cogitosus, that she had been invested with it, not in Mannia,^3 but in Media,^-^ and that it had been given to her, not by Macculleus, Bishop of Man, but by another Maccalleus, quite a different person from the first-named prelate. ^s
It will surprise the curious investigator of our glorious saint's biography, to learn on what grounds Scoto-British writers state her birth to have taken
place in Laudonia, that she was veiled by Bishop Machille in Mona Island,^ that she died and was buried at Abernethy,67 in the Tiffa district of North Britain ; especially, when we take into account, that among many writers of St. Brigid's Acts, no one of them has even stated, she was born out of Ireland, or has mentioned any other place or country in Britain having connection with her Life and labours. We can hardly take into account Dempster's ridiculous explanation, that Ladenia,^^ a province of Britain, should be sub- stituted for Lagenia. In previous passages, it will be seen, that the most authentic accounts make St. Brigid, not only a native of Ireland, but they even assert she was conceived in Leinster, was born in Ulster, and had been educated in Connaught ; they likewise state, that she assumed the veil in Meath, while her labours extended to Munster, as well as to those other provinces already mentioned. In fine, it is stated, she died at Kildare in Leinster, and afterwards she was honourably interred at Down in Ulster, having been deposited in the same tomb with St. Patrick and Columkille. Moreover, her paternal and maternal genealogy, derived through such a long line of ancestors, so many saints related to her, so many other holy Irish virgins bearing her name, and so many journeys take;i by her, through Irish
59 See "Scotorum Historic," &c. , lib. ''s See "Appendix Quarta ad Acta S. ix. , fol. clxiiii. Brigidae," cap. iv. , pp. 614 to 617, ibid.
^See "Trias " ^A Colgan's Thaumaturga.
Hymnus seu Prima Vita S. Brigidae, sec. 8, p. 515. Secunda Vita S. Brigidae, cap. iii. , p. 519. Quinta Vita S. Brigidae, cap. xxix. , p. 574'
^^
fine old of with Coats of Map Mona,
Arms, coloured, was published in folio size about A. D. 1620. In 1835, was issued at
Douglas, in 8vo shape, Arch. Cregeen's "Dictionary of the Manks Language, inter- spersed with many Gaelic Proverbs. "
^^ There is an account of Aber- interesting
nethy (Apumethige) in Rev. Mackenzie E. S. Walcott's " Ancient Church of Scotland,"
pp. 316, 317.
^^
Colgan says, he could not find any pro- vince, territory or spot, called Laudenia or Landian. If perchance, Dempster wished to understand Laudonia, most certainly in St. Brigid's time, it did not belong to the Picts or Scots, but to the more southern Britons. In the century of Venerable Bede, it appertained to the Northumbrians and English. This is proved by Ussher, in his
"Primordia Ecclcsiarum Britannicarum," pp. 663, 667.
By Jocelyn. ^' "
See Sexta Vita S.
Patricii," cap. clii. , p. 98. Colgan's "Trias Thaumaturga. "
^3 The Island of Man. See " Chronicon Manniee, or a Chronicle of the Kings of Man," supposed to have been written by the Monks of the Abbey of Russin, for an in- teresting account of the civil and ecclesias- tical history of the island. This i2mo book, published in 1 784, contains the Norwegian narrative of Olave, the Black King of Man, with other curious particulars.
^* Or the territory of Meath. See Colgan's
"Trias Thaumaturga. " Secunda Vita S.
Brigidae, cap. iii. , p. 519, and n. ii, p. 525, ibid.
40 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [February i.
towns, plains and territories, from her birth to the time of her death, prove conclusively, that St. Brigid should be specially classed among our national saints. It is not a little surprising—to say the least of it—to find Dempster^?
has not only infelicitously, but even incautiously, jumbled irrelevant circum- stances,withhisassertions. 7° Itisincredibletosuppose,thatsomanyreliable
authors, as those already cited, could egregiously and perseveringly have corrupted the names of Lagenia and Laudenia, in the manner it has pleased Dempster alone to imagine, and that without any grounds. 7^ To assume that he meant Laudonia,72 if we allow, that before Bede's time, it belonged to Albania, it certainly was never under the Scottish dominion, but solely under that of the Picts, from whom Pictland is called. If therefore, St. Brigid had been born in Laudonia,73 it must be conceded, she was not a Scot, but a Briton, or at least a Pict, by family and birth.
To resume what we consider the more legendary accounts of our saint's early infancy, it is said, that the Magus, the mother of St. Brigid, her nurse and others, who were sitting in a certain place without the house, saw a cloth take fire suddenly,74 and it touched the head of this holy child, who was besidethem. But,whentheirhandswereimmediatelystretchedforthtoex- tinguish the flame, it disappeared at once, and the cloth was even found to have escaped the ravages of this fire. Such a portent was supposed to have been an indication, that the grace of the Holy Spirit inflamed God's servant. 7S On another occasion, while this same Magus was sleeping, he had a vision of two angels,76 clothed in white, pouring oil on the girl's head, and seeming to perform a baptismal rite in the usual manner. 77 From such account, some persons have inferred our saint had been baptized by an angel. How- ever, this should be a false conjecture, as the Magus is merely said to have seen this apparition during his sleep, and it only indicated the future per- formance of the rite, as also the name Brigid was destined to bear. 7^
:
One of those angels said to 'the Magus " Call this virgin Brigid, for
^ This writer remarks, St. Brigid has been
called a Lagenian, whereas, she ought to be consideredaLadenian; herfather,itispre-
tended, having been from Ladenia, deno-
'*
minated Landian, in Dempster's time. Ladenia nunc Landian," &c. See "His- toria Ecclesiastica Gentis Scotorum," lib. ii. , num. 144.
7° These manifestly false statements ob-
viously destroy all faith in accounts, the in- accuracy of which could not otherwise be so easily detected by a cursory reader of his works. "Wilful negligence and perversion of facts are very clearly attributable to this self- constituted historian.
7' Yet, after all, if we should institute a
careful examination of the entire map of
British Scotland, we shall not be able to
discover the Ladenia or Landian, imagined
by Dempster, no more than we could expect
to find Lagenia there. Having attentively sia, super cam peregerunt. " Colgan adds read over all the names of Albanian Scotia's that a succeeding prophecy seems to have provinces, territories and other particular its truth confirmed from experience. See localities, and their very accurate descrip- "Trias Thaumaturga. " Quarta Vita S. tions, as given by Hector Boetius and George
Buchannan, Colgan could find no such de- nomination.
7' A very interesting account of this pro- vince, Loudian, or Lothian, will be found in
BrigidoB, n. 16, p. 564. Quinta Vita S. Brigidx, cap. viii. , p. 569, and nn. 9, 11, p. 640.
Chalmers' "Caledonia," vol. i. , book iii. , chap, vi. , pp. 367 to 373.
73AsDempsterstates.
74 In Professor O'Looney's Irish Life of Ex the Saint, this cloth is called the covering
or cap, which was on the infant's head, pp. 7,8.
«'
Trias Thaumaturga. " Tertia Vita S. Brigidce, cap. vi. , pp. 527, 528. Quarta Vita S. Brigidse, lib. i. , cap.
X. , p. 547, ibid.
7<^ The Irish Life has three angels, clothed
in white garments, like clerics. Professor
O'Looney's copy, pp. 7, 8.
77 Colgan remarks, that the ministry of
75 See Colgan's
angels is often read, as having been em- ployed in the administration of the sacra- ments to men. The Fifth Life expressly says; "aqua perfundentes totum ordinem baptismatis sicut Catholica consuevit eccle-
78 See Tertia Vita S. Brigidac, n. 7, p. 543. Quarta Vita S. Brigidse, n. 15, p. 564.
February i. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 41
she shall be full of grace before God and man, and her name shall be
celebrated throughout the entire world. " Pronouncing such words, those
angels disappeared. On a certain occasion, being awake, and studying the course of the heavenly bodies, according to a usual custom79 during the . ,. , whole night, that same Magus saw a column of fire ascending from the » , house, in which Brigid and her mother slept. He called another man to witnesssuchphenomenon. Inthemorning,anaccountofthisprodigywas given to many other persons. ^ We are told, that the child's stomach rejected the food of the Magus, and on endeavouring to discover a cause for
: suchnausea,themagicianwasurgedtocryout "Iamunclean,butthis
girl is filled with graces of the Holy Spirit, and that is the reason why she will not retain any sustenance which I supply to her. " Whereupon, he procured a white cow,^^ which was intended to give milk, while a certain religious and Christian woman was provided to take charge of the infant. That woman milked the cow, and the milk, afterwards given to the child, was found to agree with her.
Yet, while the infant suffered from weakness, herpersonalbeautyevenimproved. ^^ Asthemaidgrewup,sheservedin menial offices about the house. ^3 Whatever she touched or saw, in the shape of food, seemed to increase in a miraculous manner. It is remarked, that the Magus and his family were Pagans at the time of these occurrences. Afterwards, however, he became a Christian. A little before this latter event, the faith of Christ is said to have come into Ireland. ^^ On a certain
day, the infant's voice was heard praying to God, while extending her little
handstowardsheaven. Acertainmansalutedher,andtohimshereplied,
" This will be mine ; this will be mine. " Hearing such words, he said ;
"
for ever. " And her prediction was exactly fulfilled. ^s in course of time, a
This is truly a prophecy, for the infant says this place shall belong to her
79 The Fourth Life has it,
"
suoque more
nion, being obliged to take a little water immediately afterwards, in order to facilitate such an effort. On each Thursday, also, she rather tasted than drank a little water.
astra coeli considerans," &c. It may be
asked, if this passage throws any light on
the supposed ^astronomical pursuit of the
Druids ?
^°
Brigidse, cap. viii. , p. 569, ibid.
^^ Professor O'Looney's Irish Life has a
"white red-eared cow," pp. 9, 10.
And during such a long lapse of time, she neither eat or drank anything, besides what hasbeenalreadymentioned. Norhadshe
See Colgan's "Trias Thaumaturga,"
Tertia Vita S, Brigidae, cap. vii. , viii. , p.
528. Quarta Vita S. Brigidse, lib. i. , cap. even an appetite for eating or drinking, xi. , p, 547, ibid. As usual, the foregoing
circumstances are greatly amplified in the
Fifth Life of our Saint, where it is added,
that the Magus and his wife took care to
provide a nurse for the infant. This nurse
assisted the mother in attending to its wants.
It is also said, the heads of the family were
very indulgent to the mother, even although
they held her as a slave. Quinta Vita S.
2=^ The writer of St. remarks,thatt—hisaccountshouldnotexcite
the — incredulity
a great appearance of personal comeliness, This wonderful example of abstinence, it is said, could be vouched for, by more wit- nesses than even the inhabitants of that village, in which the maiden lived. Hence, a less remarkable instance, in St. Brigid's case, cannot be reasonably doubted. The writer then adds, that what the Almighty had effected for the then living was
reason. Vita Bri- undefinable See Quinta-S.
day,
all Sundays of the year. And as the passage through the throat was of narrow compass, she could scarcely swallow Holy Commu-
gidse, cap. x. , xi. , pp. 569, 570,
Brigid's
Fifth Life
virgin
only known to the great Author and for an
if
even it the admi-
might
in his own
ibid.
^3 Professor O'Looney's Irish Life states, that she used to train the sheep, supply the
ration ofhisreaders; for,
it was possible to see a certain virgin, that
dwelt in the south of England, and that she
lived for twenty years in her father's house,
without taking any kind of food, except the
Body of our Lord, which she received on Vita Tertia S. Brigidse, cap. x. , p. 528.
Although she was reduced to a great degree of bodily prostration, and could not walk :
yet, her mental powers were unimpaired, she had the faculty of speech, and retained
birds, and feed the poor, pp. 9, 10.
^-^ See Colgan's "Trias Thaumaturga,
"
Vita Quarta S. Brigidse, lib. i. , cap. vii. , p.
547, ibid.
^s «' * in The Life of St. Brigid,
the
Mary
42 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS [February i.
large parish was formed in that part of the country, and it was dedicated to
St. Brigid. ^^ Learning those foregoing words, some local inhabitants went
:
to the Magus and said to him " Do you remain with us, but let the girl,
who has prophesied that our lands will belong to her, retire. " The Magus
"
I shall not leave my female slave and her daughter, but I will ratherquityourcountry. " ThentheMagus,withhisfamily,issaidtohave directed his course towards Munster, his native province. ^7 There, also, he
^^
replied :
inherited a paternal estate.
In St. Brigid's Third Life, we afterwards read of a desire entering the
daughter's mind to return—in all probability—to her father's home. On
learning this wish, the Magus sent messengers to Dubtach, who was informed, that his daughter could be received free. The father of our Saint was greatly
rejoiced. On the reception of this message, he went to the magician's house, whence he returned,^? accompanied by his daughter. The Christian nurse also followed her youthful charge. 9° This attendant was seized with
some complaint. Our Saint, accompanied by another girl, was sent to the house of a certain man,9': that they might procure a draught of beer for the
patient. In this expectation, it appears, the messengers were disappointed ; but on their return homewards, St. Brigid turned out of her course towards a particular well. ^'* Here she filled the vessel borne with water, and instantly
of Erin,' and the special Patroness of the sancta puella fideliter ministrabat. " Then
Dioceses of Kildare and Leighlin," by an
Irish Priest, the late Rev. Mr. O'Donnell of
Maynooth College, the expressions of the holy infant are referred, not to an earthly, but to a heavenly, inheritance. See chap.
i. , p. 9. Dublin, 1859, i8mo.
twenty-one or twenty-two chapters of the latter life are said to be missing. In a note we find remarked, that these seem to have been omitted, owing to the fault of a scribe. But their tenor may be gleaned from the ninth to the thirty-second chapter of the preceding life. See ibid, n. 17, p. 564.
**"
Colgan maintains, that from the manner
in which this account is conveyed in her '*"
Third Life, by the word parrochia, the
author means a district of ecclesiastical land,
dedicated to St. Brigid, according to an old
custom. In Colgan's time, there was a parish
church consecrated to St. Brigid, in the
diocese of Elphin, within the district of related. After describing the virtues, which
Soil-mured-haigh, and in the province of Connaught. Formerly a monastery was there endowed with ample possessions. The author, in Colgan's opinion, must have flourished at a distant date ; for, he says, that district was large, that a considerable tract of land was attached, and that it was St. Brigid's patrimony. For many ages before Colgan's time, the tract there was of no large extent, nor did it belong to St. Brigid's order. See "Trias Thauma- turga," Vita Tertia S. Brigidse, n. 8, p. 543, ibid. However, it may still be ques- tioned, if Colgan rightly indentified the locality, to which allusion has been made.
^1 These circumstances are also briefly related in Professor O'Looney's Irish Life, pp. 7, 8.
characterized the holy maiden, when absent from her paternal roof, the writer then pro- ceeds to relate how her father impulsively thanked God for having sent him such a daughter. While leaving her mother still a captive, Brigid and her nurse were brought to his house. There his daughter was re- ceived with the most affectionate care. See Quinta Vita S. Brigidee, cap. xiii. , p. 570> ibid. See also "The Life of St. Brigid," by an Irish Priest, chap, ii. , pp. 14, 15.
9' In Professor O'Looney's Irish Life, he
is named Baethchu, pp. 9, 10.
9" The account runs, that she was enabled
lo express these words, as versified in the Sixth Life :
" Third and Fourth Lives of our Saint. See
^ These circumstances are related in the
Qucerite cervisiam : voluptas. "
"
Trias Thaumaturga," Vita Tertia S. Brigidae, cap. ix. , p. 528. Vita Quarta S. Brigidee, cap. xii. , p. 579. In the latter record, we find these following additional particulars related: "Cum jam crevisset quidem corpore, sed plus fidespe et charitate,
Colgan's
^ It is stated to be in Ui Failge, or Offaly, in Professor O'Looney's Irish Life, pp. 9, lo.
9° Colgan's "Trias Thaumaturga," Vita Tertia S. Brigidas, cap. xi. , p. 528. In the Fifth Life of our Saint, the same circum-
stances apparently are somewhat differently
mihi mcdo magna Then follow these lines i
*'
Brigida (tunc fuerat juvenis et pulchm puella)
Mittitur ad vicos quaerendo quippe liquo* rem,
February i. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 43
it became changed into an excellent description of beer. 93 When the nurse tasted it, she recovered from her infirmity. 94 This miracle is also alluded to in one of St. Brigid's offices.
Most of those foregoing accounts are altogether omitted, from narratives
which are considered to have been the earliest and most authentic biogra-
phies of our Saint ; and there is every reason to suppose them altogether
legendary, and undeserving attention. Nor can we find any valid reason to
question a supposition already adduced,9s that our Saint's parents, besides
being of noble family, were also Christians, and that St. Brigid herself was
born in lawful wedlock. All her biographers seem agreed, however, that
from her earliest youth, this illustrious maiden was remarkable for every
noble and virtuous characteristic, foreshadowing the future Saint. To her
Christian nurse is attributed much of that holy training, which during child-
hoodmadeheradevoutclientofJesusandMary. 96 whenthisholyvirgin
grew to the years of discretion, and even from her most tender youth, she
was distinguished for her extraordinary virtues f^ especially, for that grave
decorum and modesty, which bestowed dignity and propriety on her every
word and action. Each day she acquired some new virtue, or increased in
spiritual progress. She was early grounded in doctrines of the Christian's
Faith j and she must have received, also, some secular education, corre-
sponding with the rank of her parents. From earliest years she was distin-
guished for instances of extraordinary charity, especially towards the poor. An anecdote of her childhood is related. s^ The youthful virgin was bounti-
ful and hospitable to such a degree, that she frequently distributed to the poor and to strangers large quantities of milk and butter, which her mother
had committed to her charge. In consequence of this generous propensity, she found on a certain occasion, that her store was completely exhausted.
Being accustomed each day to superintend the labours of her maids and of her daughter, in various departments of their industry, our Saint's mother was about to make her usual inquiries, when fearing reproof for the improvi-
Virgo Dei properans una comitante sorore.
Quidam cervisiam, quamvis velabat, ha- bebat :
Virginibus sacris stultus donare negabat. "
account, and all that follows in this biogra-
phy, so far as the 35th chapter, are wanting in the Fourth Life. See ibid, n. 8, p. 543. The circumstances of this miracle are related, with certain modifications, in the Fifth and Sixth Lives. In the former, it is said, during her infirmity, the nurse suffered greatly from thirst, and that St. Brigid signed the water drawn from the well, with a sign of the cross, while those, who were present and witnessed the miraculous effect produced, admired and extolled our Saint's
Further on this line occurs
:
*'
Qui latices gelidos Lyei convertit in un- das :"
to which Colgan appends this note, that in the
MS. for lyei, or more correctly, lya:i, was to faith and miraculous powers. It is here
be found cccli(z. But because the author seems to allude to the change by Christ of water into wine at Cana in Galilee, lycni appears to be the correct reading. See "Trias Thaumaturga," Vita Quinta S. Brigidse, cap. xvi. , p. 571 ; and Sexta Vita S. Bri- gidae, sec. iii,, p. 583, and n. 8, p. 598, ibid.
93 The kind of beer alluded to was mead, as expressed in the metrical life. It appears to have been a favourite drink among the a—ncient Iri—sh ; and, most likely, it was little
said, likewise, that two girls accompanied the Saint, when she proceeded on her er- rand. In the Sixth Life, it is stated, that the nurse had been seized with a burning fever, so that she could scarcely articulate owing to thirst,
9S Especially by Dr. Lanigan.
at all impregnated with intoxicating
Irish Priest, chap, i. , pp. 10 to 13.
'^^ See the various published Offices and
accounts of our Saint, by different writers.
^s Professor
By Cogitosus. In O'Looney's
Irish Life of St. Brigid, this account is am-
plified, and St. Brigid's prayer is rendered into three Irish stanzas, pp. il to 14,
if properties.
9-* Colgan's "Trias Thaumaturga," Vita Tertia S. Brigidfe, cap.
