[1830]
FOOTNOTES:
[1830] The few Fragments referred to these books are, in better MSS.
FOOTNOTES:
[1830] The few Fragments referred to these books are, in better MSS.
Satires
_ So ὄψον, "any kind of food eaten with something
else, though rarely, if ever, with vegetables. " It took its name from
the days when the Romans had no bread, but used pulse instead. Vid.
Plin. , xviii. , 8, 19. Pers. , iii. , 102. Juv. , vii. , 185. Hor. , ii. ,
Sat. ii. , 19, "Tu pulmentaria quære sudando. " _Intybus. _ Cf. ad v. , Fr.
14. _Mænarum. _ Ad Pers. , iii, 76.
[1819] Cf. Introduction, p. 285. Gerlach says it describes the fierce
snortings of an angry man: "hominem ex imo pectore iras anhelantem. "
Cf. Pers. , v. , 91, "Ira cadat naso. " Theoc. , i. , 18, χολὰ ποτὶ ῥινὶ
κάθηται. Mart. , vi. , Ep. lxiv. , 28.
[1820] _Præcisum_, like omasum, "the fat part of the belly of beef
chopped up;" the "busecchie" of the modern Italians.
[1821] Cf. xiv. , Fr. 3.
[1822] _Parectaton_, a παρεκτείνω. Quasi extensus, "an overgrown
youth. " The penultima is lengthened in Latin.
[1823] Cf. Hor. , ii. , Sat. viii. , 11.
[1824] _Deblaterant. _ Cf. Plaut. , Aul. , II. , iii. , 1. _Blennus_ is
beautifully expressed by the German "rotznase. " Plaut. , Bacch. , V. , i. ,
2.
BOOK XXI.
Of this Book no Fragments remain.
BOOK XXII.
1 Those hired female mourners who weep at a stranger's funeral,
and tear their hair, and bawl louder. . . . [1825]
2 A slave neither faithless to my owner, nor unserviceable to
any, here I, Metrophanes, lie, Lucilius' main-stay[1826]
3 Zopyrion cuts his lips on both sides. . . . [1827]
4 . . . whether the man's nose is straighter now, . . . his calves
and legs.
FOOTNOTES:
[1825] _Præfica_, the ἰαλεμίστρια, Æsch. , Choëph. , 424, or θρηνήτρια
(cf. Mark, v. , 38), of the Greeks; from præficiendo, as being set at
the head of the other mourners, to give them the time, as it were:
"quaæ dant cæteris modum plangendi, quasi in hoc ipsum _præfectæ_. "
Scaliger says it was an invention of the Phrygians to employ these
hired mourners. Plaut. , Truc. , II. , vi. , 14. Gell. , xviii. , 6. The
technical name of their lamentation was Nænia. Cf. Fest. in voc. It
generally consisted of the praises of the deceased. Æsch. , Choëph. ,
151, παιᾶνα τοῦ θανόντος ἐξαυδωμένας. «Cf. Hor. , A. P. , 431, "Ut qui
conducti plorant in funere, dicunt et faciunt prope plura dolentibus ex
animo. "»
[1826] Cf. Introduction. Mart. , xi. , Ep. xc. , 4. Plaut. , Amph. , I. ,
i. , 213. Terent. , Phorm. , II. , i. , 57, "O bone custos salve, columen
verò familiæ! " _Columella_ is properly "the king-post that supports
the roof;" then put, like columen, for the main-stay or support of any
thing. So Horace calls Mæcenas, ii. , Od. xvii. , 4, "Mearum grande decus
columenque rerum. " Cic. , Sext. , viii. , "Columen reipublicæ. " So Timon
is called, Lucian, Tim. , 50, τὸ ἔρεισμα τῶν Ἀθηναίων. Sil. , xv. , 385,
"Ausonii columen regni. " So Clytæmnestra calls Agamemnon, ὑψηλῆς στέγης
στύλον ποδήρη. Ag. , 898. «Doederlein thinks there is a connection
between the words culmus, calamus, culmen, columen, columna, columella,
with cello, whence celsus. "Significarique id quod emineat, sursum
tendat, altum sit," ii. , 106. »
[1827] Cf. ad ix. , 14.
BOOK XXIII.
1 . . . and the slave who had licked with his lips the nice
cheese-cakes. [1828]
2 . . . to hold[1829]
FOOTNOTES:
[1828] _Lamberat. _ Cf. Hor. , i. , Sat. iii. , 80, "Si quis eum servum,
patinam qui tollere jussus semesos pisces tepidumque ligurrierit jus,
in cruce suffigat. " Juv. , xi. , 5. _Placenta_, the πλακοῦς of the
Greeks, was a flat cake made of flour, cheese, and honey, rolled out
thin and divided into four parts. Cato, R. R. , 76, gives a receipt for
making it. It was used in sacrifices. Hence Horace, i. , Epist. x. , 10,
"Utque sacerdotis fugitivus liba recuso: Pane egeo jam mellitis potiore
placentis. " Juv. , xi. , 59, "pultes coram aliis dictem puero sed in aure
placentas. " Mart. , v. , Ep. xxxix. , 3; vi. , Ep. lxxv. , 1, "Quadramve
placentæ. " ix. , Ep. xci. , 18.
[1829] _Tongere_ is, according to Voss, an old form of _tenere_, and
has its triple meanings: "to know; to rule over; to overcome. " The
Prænestines used _tongitionem_ for _notitionem_.
BOOKS XXIV. , XXV.
No Fragments extant.
[1830]
FOOTNOTES:
[1830] The few Fragments referred to these books are, in better MSS.
and editions, ascribed to others, where they will be found.
BOOK XXVI.
ARGUMENT.
Gerlach considers this book to contain the strongest evidences of
how much Horace was indebted to Lucilius, not only in the choice
of his subjects, but also in his illustration and method of
handling the subject when chosen. In the 105th of the Fragmenta
incerta, we find the words "Valeri sententia dia" (which Horace
imitates, i. , Sat. ii. , 32, "sententia dia Catonis"). By Valerius
he here supposes Q. Valerius Soranus to be intended; a man of
great learning and an intimate friend of Publius Scipio and
Lucilius. He was author of a treatise on grammar, entitled
ἐποπτίδων; which contained, according to Turnebe's conjecture, a
discussion on the mysteries of literature and learning (ἐπόπτης
being applied to one initiated into the mysteries). This is not
improbable; as he is said to have lost his life for divulging the
sacred and mysterious name of Rome. Vid. Plut. , Qu. Rom. , lxi.
«Two verses of his are quoted by Varro, L. L. , vii. , 3, and x. ,
70. Cf. Plin. , H. N. , Præf. , p. 6, Hard. A. Gell. , ii. , 10. »
With him, therefore, as a man of judgment and experience,
Lucilius, who had already acquired some ill-will from his
Satires, consults, as to the best method of avoiding all odium
for the future, and as to the subjects he shall select for
his compositions. This book then contains an account of this
interview between the poet and his adviser; and Gerlach most
ingeniously arranges the fragments in such an order as to
represent in some manner the topics of discussion in a methodical
sequence. These are, chiefly, the propriety of his continuing
to pursue the same style of writing, and the enunciation of
the opinions of both on matters relating to war, marriage, and
literary pursuits.
Van Heusde and Schoenbeck give no definite idea of the subject.
Petermann considers the subject matter to have been far more
diversified. The book begins, in his opinion, with a vivid
description of the miseries of conjugal life, introducing a very
graphic matrimonial quarrel; this is followed by so infinitely
diversified a farrago of sentiments that it is hopeless to
attempt to establish any systematic connection between them.
Corpet considers the whole to have been a philosophical discussion
of the miseries of human life, especially those attendant on the
married state, which the poet illustrated by the very forcible
example of Agamemnon and Clytæmnestra.
The whole of the book was composed in the Trochaic metre;
consisting of tetrameters catalectic and acatalectic. A few
Fragments consist of Iambic heptameters and octometers (Iambici
septenarii et octonarii), unless, as is not improbable, these
lines have been referred to this book, through the inadvertence
of grammarians or copyists. It might, however, have been
intentional, as in the succeeding books we find Iambic, Trochaic,
and Dactylic metres indiscriminately employed.
1 Men, by their own act, bring upon themselves this trouble and
annoyance; they marry wives, and bring up children, by which
they cause these. [1831]
2 For you say indeed, that what was secretly intrusted to you,
you would neither utter a single murmur, nor divulge your
mysteries abroad. . . . [1832]
3 If she were to ask me for as much iron as she does gold, I
would not give it her. So again, if she were to sleep away from
me, she would not get what she asks.
4 . . . but Syrus himself, the Tricorian, a freedman and thorough
scoundrel; with whom I become a shuffler, and change all
things. [1833]
5 . . . covered with filth, in the extremity of dirt and
wretchedness, exciting neither envy in her enemies, nor desire
in her friends.
6 . . . but that I should serve under Lucilius as collector of the
taxes on pasturage in Asia, no, that I would not! [1834]
7 . . . just as the Roman people has been conquered by superior
force, and beaten in many single battles; but in war never, on
which every thing depends.
8 Some woman hoping to pillage and rifle me, and filch from me my
ivory mirror. [1835]
9 In throwing up a mound, if there is any occasion for bringing
vineæ into play, their first care is to advance them.
10
11 Take charge of the sick man, pay his expenses, defraud his
genius. [1836]
12 . . . But for whom? One whom a single fever, one attack of
indigestion, nay, a single draught of wine, could carry
off. . . . [1837]
13 If they commiserate themselves, take care you do not assign
their case too high a place. [1838]
14 Now, in like manner . . . we wish to captivate their mind . . .
just to the people and to authors. . . . [1839]
15 . . . you do not collect that multitude of your friends which you
have entered on your list. . . . [1840]
16 . . . wherefore it is better for her to cherish this, than bestow
all her regard on that. . . .
17 . . . in the first place, all natural philosophers say, that man
is made up of soul and body.
18 . . . to have returned and retraced his steps[1841]
19 . . . and that which is greatly to your fancy is excessively
disagreeable to me. . . .
20 . . . strive with the highest powers of your nature: whereas I,
on the other hand . . . that I may be different[1842]
21 . . . whether he should hang himself, or fall on his sword, that
he may not look upon the sky. . . . [1843]
22 . . . study the matter, and give your attention to my words, I
beg.
23 . . . in order that I may escape from that which I perceive it is
the summit of your desires to attain to. [1844]
24 On the other hand, it is a disgrace not to know how to conquer
in war the sturdy barbarian Hannibal. [1845]
25 . . . but if they see this, they think that a wise man always
aims at what is good. . . .
26 . . . delighted with your pursuit, you write an ancient history
to your favorites. . . . [1846]
27 . . . who I am, and with what husk I am now enveloped, I can
not. . . . [1847]
28 . . . then to oppose to my mind a body worn out with pains.
29 . . . nor before he had handled a man's veins and heart. . . .
30 Let us appear kind and courteous to our friends--[1848]
31 Why should not you too call me unlettered and uneducated? [1849]
32 . . . call together the assembly, with hoarse sound and crooked
horns. [1850]
33 They will of their own accord fight it out for you, and die,
and will offer themselves voluntarily.
34 When I bring forth any verse from my heart--[1851]
35 He is not on that account exalted as the giver of life or of
joy. . . . [1852]
36 As each one of us has been brought forth into light from his
mother's womb[1853]
37 . . . if you wish to have your mind refreshed through your
ears[1854]
38 . . . they who drag on life for six months, vow the seventh to
Orcus.
39 . . . we are easily laughed at; we know that it is highly
dangerous to be angry--[1855]
40 Part is blown asunder by the wind, part grows stiff with
cold--[1856]
41 . . . if he tastes nothing between two market days. [1857]
42 . . . let it be glued with warm glue spread over it. . .
else, though rarely, if ever, with vegetables. " It took its name from
the days when the Romans had no bread, but used pulse instead. Vid.
Plin. , xviii. , 8, 19. Pers. , iii. , 102. Juv. , vii. , 185. Hor. , ii. ,
Sat. ii. , 19, "Tu pulmentaria quære sudando. " _Intybus. _ Cf. ad v. , Fr.
14. _Mænarum. _ Ad Pers. , iii, 76.
[1819] Cf. Introduction, p. 285. Gerlach says it describes the fierce
snortings of an angry man: "hominem ex imo pectore iras anhelantem. "
Cf. Pers. , v. , 91, "Ira cadat naso. " Theoc. , i. , 18, χολὰ ποτὶ ῥινὶ
κάθηται. Mart. , vi. , Ep. lxiv. , 28.
[1820] _Præcisum_, like omasum, "the fat part of the belly of beef
chopped up;" the "busecchie" of the modern Italians.
[1821] Cf. xiv. , Fr. 3.
[1822] _Parectaton_, a παρεκτείνω. Quasi extensus, "an overgrown
youth. " The penultima is lengthened in Latin.
[1823] Cf. Hor. , ii. , Sat. viii. , 11.
[1824] _Deblaterant. _ Cf. Plaut. , Aul. , II. , iii. , 1. _Blennus_ is
beautifully expressed by the German "rotznase. " Plaut. , Bacch. , V. , i. ,
2.
BOOK XXI.
Of this Book no Fragments remain.
BOOK XXII.
1 Those hired female mourners who weep at a stranger's funeral,
and tear their hair, and bawl louder. . . . [1825]
2 A slave neither faithless to my owner, nor unserviceable to
any, here I, Metrophanes, lie, Lucilius' main-stay[1826]
3 Zopyrion cuts his lips on both sides. . . . [1827]
4 . . . whether the man's nose is straighter now, . . . his calves
and legs.
FOOTNOTES:
[1825] _Præfica_, the ἰαλεμίστρια, Æsch. , Choëph. , 424, or θρηνήτρια
(cf. Mark, v. , 38), of the Greeks; from præficiendo, as being set at
the head of the other mourners, to give them the time, as it were:
"quaæ dant cæteris modum plangendi, quasi in hoc ipsum _præfectæ_. "
Scaliger says it was an invention of the Phrygians to employ these
hired mourners. Plaut. , Truc. , II. , vi. , 14. Gell. , xviii. , 6. The
technical name of their lamentation was Nænia. Cf. Fest. in voc. It
generally consisted of the praises of the deceased. Æsch. , Choëph. ,
151, παιᾶνα τοῦ θανόντος ἐξαυδωμένας. «Cf. Hor. , A. P. , 431, "Ut qui
conducti plorant in funere, dicunt et faciunt prope plura dolentibus ex
animo. "»
[1826] Cf. Introduction. Mart. , xi. , Ep. xc. , 4. Plaut. , Amph. , I. ,
i. , 213. Terent. , Phorm. , II. , i. , 57, "O bone custos salve, columen
verò familiæ! " _Columella_ is properly "the king-post that supports
the roof;" then put, like columen, for the main-stay or support of any
thing. So Horace calls Mæcenas, ii. , Od. xvii. , 4, "Mearum grande decus
columenque rerum. " Cic. , Sext. , viii. , "Columen reipublicæ. " So Timon
is called, Lucian, Tim. , 50, τὸ ἔρεισμα τῶν Ἀθηναίων. Sil. , xv. , 385,
"Ausonii columen regni. " So Clytæmnestra calls Agamemnon, ὑψηλῆς στέγης
στύλον ποδήρη. Ag. , 898. «Doederlein thinks there is a connection
between the words culmus, calamus, culmen, columen, columna, columella,
with cello, whence celsus. "Significarique id quod emineat, sursum
tendat, altum sit," ii. , 106. »
[1827] Cf. ad ix. , 14.
BOOK XXIII.
1 . . . and the slave who had licked with his lips the nice
cheese-cakes. [1828]
2 . . . to hold[1829]
FOOTNOTES:
[1828] _Lamberat. _ Cf. Hor. , i. , Sat. iii. , 80, "Si quis eum servum,
patinam qui tollere jussus semesos pisces tepidumque ligurrierit jus,
in cruce suffigat. " Juv. , xi. , 5. _Placenta_, the πλακοῦς of the
Greeks, was a flat cake made of flour, cheese, and honey, rolled out
thin and divided into four parts. Cato, R. R. , 76, gives a receipt for
making it. It was used in sacrifices. Hence Horace, i. , Epist. x. , 10,
"Utque sacerdotis fugitivus liba recuso: Pane egeo jam mellitis potiore
placentis. " Juv. , xi. , 59, "pultes coram aliis dictem puero sed in aure
placentas. " Mart. , v. , Ep. xxxix. , 3; vi. , Ep. lxxv. , 1, "Quadramve
placentæ. " ix. , Ep. xci. , 18.
[1829] _Tongere_ is, according to Voss, an old form of _tenere_, and
has its triple meanings: "to know; to rule over; to overcome. " The
Prænestines used _tongitionem_ for _notitionem_.
BOOKS XXIV. , XXV.
No Fragments extant.
[1830]
FOOTNOTES:
[1830] The few Fragments referred to these books are, in better MSS.
and editions, ascribed to others, where they will be found.
BOOK XXVI.
ARGUMENT.
Gerlach considers this book to contain the strongest evidences of
how much Horace was indebted to Lucilius, not only in the choice
of his subjects, but also in his illustration and method of
handling the subject when chosen. In the 105th of the Fragmenta
incerta, we find the words "Valeri sententia dia" (which Horace
imitates, i. , Sat. ii. , 32, "sententia dia Catonis"). By Valerius
he here supposes Q. Valerius Soranus to be intended; a man of
great learning and an intimate friend of Publius Scipio and
Lucilius. He was author of a treatise on grammar, entitled
ἐποπτίδων; which contained, according to Turnebe's conjecture, a
discussion on the mysteries of literature and learning (ἐπόπτης
being applied to one initiated into the mysteries). This is not
improbable; as he is said to have lost his life for divulging the
sacred and mysterious name of Rome. Vid. Plut. , Qu. Rom. , lxi.
«Two verses of his are quoted by Varro, L. L. , vii. , 3, and x. ,
70. Cf. Plin. , H. N. , Præf. , p. 6, Hard. A. Gell. , ii. , 10. »
With him, therefore, as a man of judgment and experience,
Lucilius, who had already acquired some ill-will from his
Satires, consults, as to the best method of avoiding all odium
for the future, and as to the subjects he shall select for
his compositions. This book then contains an account of this
interview between the poet and his adviser; and Gerlach most
ingeniously arranges the fragments in such an order as to
represent in some manner the topics of discussion in a methodical
sequence. These are, chiefly, the propriety of his continuing
to pursue the same style of writing, and the enunciation of
the opinions of both on matters relating to war, marriage, and
literary pursuits.
Van Heusde and Schoenbeck give no definite idea of the subject.
Petermann considers the subject matter to have been far more
diversified. The book begins, in his opinion, with a vivid
description of the miseries of conjugal life, introducing a very
graphic matrimonial quarrel; this is followed by so infinitely
diversified a farrago of sentiments that it is hopeless to
attempt to establish any systematic connection between them.
Corpet considers the whole to have been a philosophical discussion
of the miseries of human life, especially those attendant on the
married state, which the poet illustrated by the very forcible
example of Agamemnon and Clytæmnestra.
The whole of the book was composed in the Trochaic metre;
consisting of tetrameters catalectic and acatalectic. A few
Fragments consist of Iambic heptameters and octometers (Iambici
septenarii et octonarii), unless, as is not improbable, these
lines have been referred to this book, through the inadvertence
of grammarians or copyists. It might, however, have been
intentional, as in the succeeding books we find Iambic, Trochaic,
and Dactylic metres indiscriminately employed.
1 Men, by their own act, bring upon themselves this trouble and
annoyance; they marry wives, and bring up children, by which
they cause these. [1831]
2 For you say indeed, that what was secretly intrusted to you,
you would neither utter a single murmur, nor divulge your
mysteries abroad. . . . [1832]
3 If she were to ask me for as much iron as she does gold, I
would not give it her. So again, if she were to sleep away from
me, she would not get what she asks.
4 . . . but Syrus himself, the Tricorian, a freedman and thorough
scoundrel; with whom I become a shuffler, and change all
things. [1833]
5 . . . covered with filth, in the extremity of dirt and
wretchedness, exciting neither envy in her enemies, nor desire
in her friends.
6 . . . but that I should serve under Lucilius as collector of the
taxes on pasturage in Asia, no, that I would not! [1834]
7 . . . just as the Roman people has been conquered by superior
force, and beaten in many single battles; but in war never, on
which every thing depends.
8 Some woman hoping to pillage and rifle me, and filch from me my
ivory mirror. [1835]
9 In throwing up a mound, if there is any occasion for bringing
vineæ into play, their first care is to advance them.
10
11 Take charge of the sick man, pay his expenses, defraud his
genius. [1836]
12 . . . But for whom? One whom a single fever, one attack of
indigestion, nay, a single draught of wine, could carry
off. . . . [1837]
13 If they commiserate themselves, take care you do not assign
their case too high a place. [1838]
14 Now, in like manner . . . we wish to captivate their mind . . .
just to the people and to authors. . . . [1839]
15 . . . you do not collect that multitude of your friends which you
have entered on your list. . . . [1840]
16 . . . wherefore it is better for her to cherish this, than bestow
all her regard on that. . . .
17 . . . in the first place, all natural philosophers say, that man
is made up of soul and body.
18 . . . to have returned and retraced his steps[1841]
19 . . . and that which is greatly to your fancy is excessively
disagreeable to me. . . .
20 . . . strive with the highest powers of your nature: whereas I,
on the other hand . . . that I may be different[1842]
21 . . . whether he should hang himself, or fall on his sword, that
he may not look upon the sky. . . . [1843]
22 . . . study the matter, and give your attention to my words, I
beg.
23 . . . in order that I may escape from that which I perceive it is
the summit of your desires to attain to. [1844]
24 On the other hand, it is a disgrace not to know how to conquer
in war the sturdy barbarian Hannibal. [1845]
25 . . . but if they see this, they think that a wise man always
aims at what is good. . . .
26 . . . delighted with your pursuit, you write an ancient history
to your favorites. . . . [1846]
27 . . . who I am, and with what husk I am now enveloped, I can
not. . . . [1847]
28 . . . then to oppose to my mind a body worn out with pains.
29 . . . nor before he had handled a man's veins and heart. . . .
30 Let us appear kind and courteous to our friends--[1848]
31 Why should not you too call me unlettered and uneducated? [1849]
32 . . . call together the assembly, with hoarse sound and crooked
horns. [1850]
33 They will of their own accord fight it out for you, and die,
and will offer themselves voluntarily.
34 When I bring forth any verse from my heart--[1851]
35 He is not on that account exalted as the giver of life or of
joy. . . . [1852]
36 As each one of us has been brought forth into light from his
mother's womb[1853]
37 . . . if you wish to have your mind refreshed through your
ears[1854]
38 . . . they who drag on life for six months, vow the seventh to
Orcus.
39 . . . we are easily laughed at; we know that it is highly
dangerous to be angry--[1855]
40 Part is blown asunder by the wind, part grows stiff with
cold--[1856]
41 . . . if he tastes nothing between two market days. [1857]
42 . . . let it be glued with warm glue spread over it. . .
