No More Learning

Many of her books
are illustrated by her husband, the artist J. W.
Champney. Among them are the Vassar Girls
series,-(Three Vassar Girls Abroad, (In Eng-
land, (In South America, etc. ; (In the Sky-
Parlor); (All Around a Palette); (Rosemary
and Rue); (The Bubbling Teapot); (Bourbon
Lilies); (Sebia's Tangled Web); and many
other interesting stories.
Chandler, Elizabeth Margaret. An Amer-
ican poet; born near Wilmington, Del. , Dec.
24, 1807; died Nov. 22, 1834. Her most pop-
ular poem was (The Slave Ship. Many of her
subsequent verses were written in the same
strain, and published in the Genius of Universal
Emancipation, a Philadelphia abolitionist peri-
odical. Her poems were published with a me-
moir by Benjamin Lundy (1836).
Chaney, George Leonard. A Unitarian
clergyman and miscellaneous writer; born in
Massachusetts, 1836. He was pastor of the
Hollis Street Church in Boston (1862-79); af-
terward at Atlanta, Ga. , where he edited the
Southern Unitarian (1893–96). Among his works
are : (F. Grant & Co. (1874), a book for boys;
(Alóha) (1880), travels in the Sandwich Islands;
(Every-Day Life and Every-Day Morals) (1884),
a volume of essays; etc.
Chanler, Mrs. Amélie Rives. See Trou-
betskoi.
Channing, William Ellery. An eminent
American theologian, one of the founders of
American Unitarianism; born at Newport, R. I. ,
April 7, 1780; died at Bennington, Vt. , April
1842. His works were published in 1848. *
Channing, William Ellery. An American
poet, nephew of W. E. Channing the elder;
born in Boston, Mass. , June 10, 1818. He is
author of 'Poems) (1843-47); (The Wood-
man (1849); Near Home (1858); (The Wan-
derer) (1872); “Conversations in Rome (1847);
and (Thoreau, the Poet-Naturalist) (1873).
Channing, William Henry. An American
Unitarian divine and biographer, nephew of
W. E. Channing the elder; born at Boston,
May 25, 1810; died in London, Dec. 23, 1884.
Settling in England, he succeeded James Mar-
tineau as pastor at Liverpool. His daughter
married Sir Edwin Arnold. His principal work
was "Memoir of William Ellery Channing (3
vols. , 1848).
Chapelain, Jean (shäp-lan'). A French
poet and critic; born in Paris, Dec. 5, 1595;
died there, Feb. 24, 1674. By his own unaided
efforts he acquired a knowledge of Greek and
Latin, Italian and Spanish. He won the favor
of Cardinal Richelieu by his preface to Marini's
notorious poem 'Adone, and was a leading
founder of he French Academy, whose first
meetings were held at his house. Through
court influence he rose to be a recognized law-
giver of literature. He published in 1756 the
first installment, 12 cantos, of a great epic, “The
Maid of Orleans, on which he had been at
work 20 years.
But the critics, headed by
Boileau, were so unfavorable that though of
the first installment six editions were sold in
18 months, no publisher could be found for
the sequel.
Chapelle, Claude Emmanuel Luillier, called
(shä-pel'). A French poet (1626-86). He was
illegitimate son of a man of wealth, who gave
him an excellent education and left him a large
fortune. He owes his place in literary records
to his good fortune in having been associated
with the foremost literary men of his time,--
Racine, Molière, Boileau. He wrote some
verses of indifferent merit; with Bachaumont
he was joint author of (Travels in Provence
and Languedoc) (1663), written in mixed prose
and verse, a fashion which prevailed for a
while in France.
Chapin, Edwin Hubbell. A noted American
Universalist divine and essayist; born at Union
Village, N. Y. , Dec. 29, 1814; died in New
York, his long-time residence, Dec. 27, 1880.
An effective preacher and lecturer, he was one
of the powers for good in his day. He wrote:
Moral Aspects of City Life) (1853) ; (True
Manliness) (1854); (Crown of Thorns); etc.
Chaplin, Heman White. An American law-
yer and short story writer; born in Rhode
Island, 1847. His (Five Hundred Dollars and
Other Stories of New England Life) ranks
with the best works of its kind.
Chaplin, Jeremiah. An American historical
writer; born in Danvers, Mass. , 1813; died in
New Utrecht, N. Y. , March 5, 1886. He was
author of: Life of Charles Sumner); Life
of Franklin'; (Riches of Bunyan); Life of
Galen); and Life of Henry Dunster, First
President of Harvard College) (1872), which is
a work of much historical value.
Chapman, George. An English dramatist
and translator of Homer; born in Hitchin,
Hertford, 1559; died at London, May 12, 1634.
What distinguishes his plays is the intuitive
appreciation they reveal of the material and
mechanical limitations of the theatre. The
comedies (All Fools but the Fool) and (May
Day) are well known; as are the tragedies
(Bussy d'Amboise) and (The Tragedy of
Charles, Duke of Byron. ' The version of
Homer (new ed. 1897) is celebrated. *
Chapone, Hesther (shä-põn'). An English
story-writer and poet; born in Northampton-
shire, Oct. 27, 1727; died 1801. She wrote:
(Ode to Peace); (Fidelia', a story; (Miscel.
lanies in Prose and Verse); and other works.
Charisi, Jehuda ben Salomo (chä-rē'zē),
known also as Alcharisi. A Spanish Jewish
poet; born in Xeres, about 1190 (? ); died
1235. A devoted student of Arabian poetry,
he rendered the "Sittings) or (Assemblies) of
the great poet Hariri into Hebrew; but his


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104
CHARRAS - CHAUCER
masterpiece is the exquisite (Tach-Kemoni,
or picture of every-day Jewish life and char-
acter in his own time,-a poem in which an
Arabian influence predominates.
Charras, Jean Baptiste Adolphe (shär-ä').
A French military historian and expert; born
in Pfalzburg, Lorraine, Jan. 7, 1810; died in
Basel, Switzerland, Jan. 23, 1865. His vicissi-
tudes in the army, the result of his own repub-
licanism and the revolutionary precipitateness
of French politics, did not prevent his rise to
distinction, although his promotion was inter-
fered with. He wrote: (History of the Cam-
paign of 1815: Waterloo) (6th ed. 1869), and
(History of the War of 1813 in Germany) (2d
ed. 1870).
Charrière, Isabelle Agnète de Saint Hya-
cinthe de (shä-ryır'). A French novelist, dram-
atist, and miscellaneous writer; born (Van
Tuyll) in Utrecht, 1740 or 1746(? ); died at Co-
lombier, Switzerland, Dec. 25, 1805. She was
one of the most accomplished women of her
day. Her fictions and studies, Caliste) (1788)
and (Neuchatel Letters) (1784), and the drama
( The Thou and the You,' contain much that
is admirable.
Chartier, Alain (shär-tyā'). A French poet ;
born in Bayeux, Normandy, about 1386; died in
1449. Early taken into royal favor for his
brilliance in rhetoric and rhyme, he won fame
with the Book of the Four Ladies) (1415),
inspired by the battle of Agincourt, and the
(Ballad of Fougières) (1449), a patriotic piece.
Chase, Salmon Portland. An American
statesman; born in Cornish, N. H. , Jan. 13, 1808 ;
died in New York city, May 7, 1873. He be-
came eminent as lawyer, United States Senator
from and governor of Ohio, Secretary of the
Treasury, and Chief Justice of the United States
Supreme Court. He was one of the able and
strong-willed men whom Mr. Lincoln called
about him during the war era, and did signal
service to the government and the Union. He
compiled a summary of the laws of Ohio, with
a historical sketch of the State (3 vols. , 1832).
Chase, Thomas. An American educator and
prose-writer; born in Worcester, Mass. , June 16,
1827; died in Providence, R. I. , Oct. 5, 1892.
In 1855 became professor of philology and
classical literature at Haverford College, near
Philadelphia; in 1875 its president. In 1878
Harvard gave him the degree of LL. D.
Among his publications are: (Hellas: her
Monuments and Scenery) (1861); an address
on Liberal Education : Its Aims and Methods.
Chasles, Philarète (shāl). A French his-
torical and literary critic; born in Mainvilliers,
near Chartres, Oct. 8, 1798; died in Venice,
July 18, 1873. The son of a Jacobin, and edu-
cated according to Rousseau, he acquired the
point of view which, enlarged by life abroad,
makes his essays so unique and instructive. He
has written in every imaginable prose form,
from a romance to a riddle: but his enduring
work is contained in French Language and
Literature from the Beginning of the Sixteenth
Century to 1610) (1828); “Studies of Antiquity)
(1847); (Studies of the Sixteenth Century in
France) (1848); Journeys of a Critic through
Life and Books) (2d series, 2d ed. 1866-68);
and Memoirs) (1876–78).
Châteaubriand, François René Auguste,
Vicomte de (shä-to-brē-on'). A great French
statesman, traveler, novelist, and historical
writer; born at St. Malo, September 1768;
died at Paris, July 4, 1848. He made a voyage
in search of the Northwest Passage in 1791 ;
but on touching the American continent aban-
doned that quest, and proposed to himself a
study of the life of the American Indians. He
lived for some time among the aborigines, and
the fruits of his observations were the three
novels (Atala, René,' and (The Natchez,
which by the charms of the literary style and
the interesting poetical descriptions of life
remote from civilization, won instant and great
popularity. Perhaps his greatest and certainly
his most ambitious work is (The Genius of
Christianity) (5 vols. , 1856-57), in which the
dogmas, practices, etc. , of Catholic Christianity
are defended against infidel attack. Other writ-
ings of his in the direction of Christian apolo-
getic are : (The Martyrs, or Triumph of the
Christian Religion 12 vols. , 1809); (A Journey
from Paris to Jerusalem? (3 vols. , 1811). Of
works connected with literature and its history,
he wrote (An Essay on English Literature)
and translated Milton's (Paradise Lost. *
Châteaubrun, Jean Baptiste Vivien (shä-to.
brün'). A French dramatist; born at Angou-
lême, 1686; died 1775. He was elected to the
French Academy, 1753. His tragedy of (The
Trojan Woman) was once very popular.
Chatfield-Taylor, Hobart Chatfield. An
American novelist; born in Illinois, 1865; resi-
dent in Chicago. He has written : (With Edge
Tools); (An American Peeress); (Two Women
and a Fool); (The Land of the Castanet. ?
Chatrian, Alexandre. See Erckmann-Cha-
trian.
Chatterton, Thomas. An English poet, re-
puted the marvelous youth) of literature;
born in Bristol, Nov. 20, 1752; committed sui-
cide at London, Aug. 25, 1770. He had pre-
cocious taste and considerable poetic talent,
perhaps overrated from the interest of his
pathetic fate and youth, and the literary sen-
sation of his spurious “Rowley” poems, –
supposed to have been found in the chest of
a mediæval clerk, but written by Chatterton
in a palpably impossible dialect. An Excelente
Balade of Charitie) is much the best. His
poems and plays in common English are mere
boy's-work, but show fertility and facility,
which with his manly taste might have matured
into greatness. *
Chaucer, Geoffrey. The father of English
poetry; born in London (? ), 1328 or 1340; died
there, Oct. 25, 1400. His "Canterbury Tales)
is his most celebrated work. Among the others
:


## p. 105 (#121) ############################################

CHAULIEU - CHÉNIER
105
:
are : (Troilus and Cressida); (The Parliament
of Fowles); Boke of the Duchesse); (The
House of Fame); (The Legend of Good
Women'; and minor poems and translations. *
Chaulieu, Guillaume Amfrye de (sho-lyė').
A French poet (1639-1720). He was preceptor
of the young princes de Vendôme, Henri IV. 's
sons by Gabrielle d'Estrées, and through their
good offices obtained some valuable sinecures.
His erotic poems won him the title of the
Anacreon of the Temple » (residence of the
young princes). But apart from licentiousness
he proved himself a true poet in several lyrics,
as in (Fontenoy) and (The Retreat. His
best poem is perhaps that on "Country Life,
which in fact the poet could not endure.
Chaussard, Pierre Jean Baptiste (shō-sär').
A French historian, poet, and miscellaneous
writer ; born in Paris, Oct. 8, 1766; died there,
Jan. 9, 1823. He plunged ardently into liter-
ary warfare in behalf of the French Revolu-
tion, and was distinguished in the diplomacy
of the first republic, writing (The Revolution
in Belgium (1793) and many patriotic odes.
He also produced : (Germany and the House
of Austria) (1792); (The Spirit of Mirabeau)
(1797); and other works in harmony with the
French sentiment of his day.
Chauveau, Pierre Joseph Olivier (shō-võ').
A Canadian statesman and writer of prose and
verse; born in Quebec, May 30, 1820; died
there, April 4, 1890. Among his contributions to
literature were many popular poems, includ-
ing (Simple Joys); Donnaconna'; 'Letters
to M. de Puibusque); also many valuable prose
works: (Tour of H. R. H. Prince of Wales in
America) (1861); (Souvenirs and Legends)
(in prose and verse) (1877); and (François
Xavier Garneau, His Life and Works) (1883).
Cheever, George Barrell. An American
journalist, poet, and divine; born in Hallo-
well, Me. , April 17, 1807; died in Englewood,
N. J. , Oct. I, 1890. He was editor of the New
York Evangelist from 1845 to 1846, and at
different times connected with the New York
Observer and Independent. He was an able
and vigorous writer and speaker, and the author
of a large number of works in prose and verse.
Among his publications are: “Studies in Poetry)
(1830); (God's Hand in America) (1841);
Poets of America) (1847); "Windings of the
River of the Water of Life) (1849); (The
Voice of Nature to her Foster-Child, the Soul
of Man' (1852); “Lectures on the Life, Genius,
and Insanity of Cowper) (1856), arguing that
Cowper's religious terrors proved him sane in-
stead of insane; and (God against Slavery,
and the Freedom and Duty of the Pulpit to
Rebuke It) (1857). One of his most effective
works was "Deacon Giles's Distillery)
Cheever, Henry Theodore. An American
prose-writer and divine, brother of G. B. ; born
in Hallowell, Me. , Feb. 6, 1814; died 1897.
His writings were popular, and include: (The
Island World of the Pacific) (1852); (Short
Yarns for Long Voyages) (1855); and (Cor-
respondences of Faith and Views of Madame
Guyon' (1886).
Chemnitz, Matthäus Friedrich (chem'nits).
A German song-writer; born in Barmstedt,
Holstein, June 10, 1815; died at Altona, Hol-
stein, April 14, 1870. He was a legal func-
tionary, whose patriotic song of (Sea-Girt
Schleswig-Holstein) came universally into favor
and obtained a place for his name in literature,
Chemnitzer, Ivan Ivanovich (chem'nit-sér).
A Russian fabulist (1745-84); born at Jenota-
jevsk, government of Astrakhan. At first he
wrote in German; his masters and models in
literature were Russian, though he was power-
fully influenced by Gellert and La Fontaine.
His Fables and Tales) appeared in two parts
anonymously (1779 and 1782) during his life,
and a third part after his death.
Cheney, Mrs. Ednah Dow (Littlehale). An
American lecturer and miscellaneous writer;
born in Boston, 1824. She has been president
of the New England Woman's Club and the
Massachusetts Woman Suffrage Association.
She has written : (Handbook of American His-
tory for Colored People) (1866); (Gleanings in
the Field of Art) (1881); Life of Louisa M.
Alcott) (1889); and several stories, including :
Nora's Return,' a sequel to Ibsen's (A Doll's
House'; (Sally Williams, the Mountain Girl
(1872); besides other books.
Cheney, John Vance. An American writer
of prose and verse; born in Groveland, N. Y. ,
Dec. 29, 1848. Is author of "The Old Doctor)
(1885); (Thistle-Drift,'s poems (1887); and a
volume of essays.
Cheney, Theseus Apoleon. An American
historian; born in Leon, N. Y. , March 16, 1830;
died in Starkey, N. Y. , Aug. 2, 1878. His pub-
lications include: Historical Sketch of the
Chemung Valley) (1866); (Historical Sketch
of Eighteen Counties of Central and Southern
New York) (1868); Laron); Relations of
Government to Science); and Antiquarian
Researches.
Chénier, André Marie de (shā-nyā'). A
notable French poet; born at Constantinople,
Oct. 30, 1762; died July 25, 1794. Shortly be-
fore the Terror he made a vigorous attack on
the Jacobins in the Journal de Paris. He wrote
Louis XVI. 's appeal to the people after the
death sentence. He celebrated in verse Char-
lotte Corday. He perished under the guillo-
tine. The maturity, breadth, and soundness
of his judgment in poetical composition are
demonstrated by his poem on (Invention,
written in his 24th year. Of the same year is
his fine idyl (Liberty. Similar in spirit to this,
and of perfect Pindaric form, is the Dithy-
rambic on the Tennis Play) (1791). In his
prison of St. Lazare he composed a beautiful
elegy, (The Girl Captive. *
Chénier, Marie Joseph de. A French poet
and dramatist, younger brother of André M.
(1764-1811). He was a Jacobin, and member


## p. 106 (#122) ############################################

106
CHERASKOFF-CHIARINI
of the Legislative Assembly in the Revolution.
His tragedies ---Charles IX. ) (1789); Henry
VIII. ) and (Calas) (both 1791); "Caius Grac-
chus) (1793); and others - brought him fame
and success by the accordance of their republi-
can and revolutionary sentiments with the pub-
lic opinion of the time, rather than by their
merits as compositions. His national songs
were approved by the best test of such pro-
ductions,-popularity: one of them, (The Part-
ing Song) (Partant pour la Syrie), is hardly
less famous than the Marseillaise. His satires
are full of spirit, point, and wit, but often ran-
corous and unjust.
Cheraskoff, Michail Matvejevich (cher-äs'.
kõf). A Russian poet (1733-1807); born in the
government of Poltava. By his contemporaries
he was called the Russian Homer"; but he
had little original genius. We have from him
several epics after Virgil and Voltaire, accord-
ing to the orthodox rules of Boileau; among
them «The Rossiad, celebrating the conquest
of Kasan by Ivan the Terrible, and “Vladimir,
commemorating the Christianization of Russia.
He wrote also a number of dramas, romances,
fables, and songs. He excels in description of
natural scenery.
Cherbuliez, Victor (shăr-bü-lyā'). A dis-
tinguished French romancist; born at Geneva,
of a noted family of littérateurs, July 19, 1829.
Having studied in the universities of Geneva,
Paris, Bonn, and Berlin, he was for a time an
educator at Geneva; but in 1864 became one
of the editors of the Revue des Deux Mondes.
He first gained distinction as art critic and
observer of public affairs, as also by his ro-
mances, under the pseudonym “G. Valbert. " He
wrote a volume of art travels in Greece; (A
Horse by Phidias); “Political Spain'; (Foreign
Profiles); (Art and Nature); etc. His romances
are characterized by clever treatment of the
problems of domestic and social life and a
fine psychological analysis, with a marked bias
for description of odd characters. Among his
most successful novels -- and their success has
hardly been less abroad than at home - are:
(Romance of a Respectable Woman) (1866);
Ladislas Bolski's Adventure ) (1869); "Sam-
uel Brohl & Co. (1877). The last two were
dramatized, but won little popular favor on the
stage. *
Cherville, Gaspard Georges, Marquis de
(shār-vēl'). A French novelist; born at Char-
tres, 1821. He was for several years collabo-
rator with the elder Dumas; about 40 volumes
were the fruit of the partnership. Independ-
ently he contributed to the Paris Temps sev-
eral admirable sketches and stories of rural
life and the chase. A few of his studies have
been published in sumptuously illustrated edi.
tions; e. g. , Life in the Country) (1879, 3 vols. ).
Chesebro, Caroline. An American novelist;
born in Canandaigua, N. Y. , about 1828; died
in Piermont, N. Y. , Feb. 16, 1873. She was
author of Dream-Land by Daylight,' a volume
of stories and sketches (1851); (The Beautiful
Gate and Other Tales) (1863). The novels
Philly and Kit) (1856); Peter Carradine)
(1863); (The Foe in the Household) (1871);
and various others, are well known.
Chesterfield, Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl
of. An English man of affairs and of the
world; born in London, Sept. 22, 1694; died
there (? ), March 24, 1773. His literary fame
rests principally upon his (Letters to his Son. ' *
Chettle, Henry. An English dramatist; born
in London (? ), about 1565 (? ); died there (? ),
1607 (? ). He was contemporary with Shakes-
peare, and his best play is probably “Hoffman,'
a tragedy. He wrote various pamphlets, popu-
lar in his day.
Chézy, Antoine Léonard de (shā-zē'). A
distinguished French Orientalist (1773-1832).
For him the first chair of ancient Indian lan-
guages in France was founded in 1815. Bopp,
W. von Humboldt, F. von Schlegel, Burnouf,
Langlois, and other renowned scholars and
Orientalists, were his pupils. His principal
work is an edition, with French translation, of
Kalidasa's (Sakuntala) (1830).
Chézy, Helmina Christiane von. A Ger-
man poet and novelist; born (von Klencke) in
Berlin, Jan. 26, 1783; died in Geneva, Feb. 28,
1856. She produced : Poems) (1812); (Heart
Notes during a Pilgrimage) (1833); and similar
romantic stanzas; besides 'Emma's Ordeals)
(1827), a novel of merit.
Chézy, Wilhelm von. A German novelist
and historical essayist, son of Helmine C. ; born
in Paris, March 21, 1806; died in Vienna, March
13, 1865. He acquitted himself creditably as a
journalist, and wrote many popular tales : (The
Wandering Pupil (1835), «The Six Noble Pas-
sions) (1842), and “The Last Janissary) (1853),
among them; as well as Chivalry in Picture
and Word (1848), a study of much value.
Chiabrera, Gabriello (ke-ä-brā'rä). An Ital-
ian lyric poet (1552–1637); born at Savona.
Impatient of dependence on the great, he
again and again abandoned the courts of noble
patrons, and at last settled down in his native
Savona. Pindar and Anacreon were his de-
lights among the poets, and his countrymen
named him the Italian Pindar. ” But his
Pindaric odes have little of the grace and force
of Pindar; the poet labors too patently for
effect in strophe and antistrophe, in bold in-
versions and composite epithets; he is not
spontaneous; he is dull. Yet some of his little
songs after Anacreon are models of elegance
and grace.
His epic and dramatic poems
hardly rise above mediocrity. He wrote
charming autobiographical sketch, which shows
him to have been ever an honorable man, good
lover, good hater, and sincere Christian.
Chiarini, Giuseppe (ke-ä-rē'nē). An Ital-
ian poet and critic; born at Arezzo, Aug. 17,
1833. He is a student of foreign literatures,
especially English and German, and has been
editor of literary journals. His verse is mostly
lyrical, and has been collected under the titles:
a


## p. 107 (#123) ############################################

CHIAVACCI – CHOMJAKOFF
107
2
as
(Poems) (1874); (In Memoriam (1875); "La-
crymæ) (1879); etc. It gives proof of deep
poetic sensibility. He has translated some of
Heine's poems, and has published critical es-
says on English and German poets.
Chiavacci, Vincenz (kē-ä'vä-chē). An Aus-
trian humorist; born at Vienna, June 15, 1847.
As “Dame Sopherl, a Woman of Standing »
keeping a stand in the fruit market --- he began
in 1883 to contribute to the Vienna journals a
series of humorous remarks, in the Vienna
slang, on the occurrences of the preceding week.
Dame Sopherl and her whole circle of gossips,
male and female, were put upon the stage (1890)
and afforded infinite amusement. The author
has worked this and similar veins of humor
with distinguished success in a series of volumes.
Child, Francis James. An American poet
and prose-writer; born in Boston, Mass. , Feb.
I, 1825; died there, Sept. II, 1896. He was
professor of rhetoric and oratory at Harvard
from 1851 till 1876, when he exchanged for the
chair of English literature. His principal work,
(English and Scottish Ballads,' a subject on
which he was the highest authority in this
country, he improved and enlarged for publica-
tion in 1886. Among his other works are :
(Four Old Plays) (1848); and a collection of
(Poems of Sorrow and Comfort) (1865).
Child, Lydia Maria. An American prose-
writer; born in Medford, Mass. , Feb. 11, 1802;
died in Wayland, Mass. , Oct. 20, 1880. Her
first novel, Hobomok,' was written and pub-
lished in 1821. She was an ardent abolition-
ist, and published the first book written on
that subject, entitled (Appeal for that class
of Americans called African. ' Dr. Channing
went over to Roxbury to thank her for it.
Among her numerous works are: Philothea,
a romance of Greece in the days of Pericles
(1835); (Fact and Fiction (1846); Looking
Toward Sunset) (1864); Miria: A Romance
of the Republic) (1867); and (Aspirations of
the World' (1878). A collection of her letters,
with an introduction by John G. Whittier, and
an appendix by Wendell Phillips, was published
in 1882.
Childs, George William. An American phi-
lanthropist, publisher, and memoir writer; born
at Baltimore, Md. , May 22, 1829; died at Phil.
adelphia, Feb. 3, 1894. He published the Phila-
delphia Public Ledger, 1864-94. He gave a
Shakespeare memorial fountain to Stratford-
on-Avon, a memorial window in Westminster
Abbey to Cowper and Herbert, and assisted
in establishing a home for printers at Colorado
Springs. He published: (Recollections of Gen-
eral Grant) (1885); and Personal Recollec-
tions) (1889).
Chiles, Mrs. Mary Eliza (Hicks) (Hemdin).
An American novelist and writer of verse ;
born in Kentucky, 1820. She has published :
Louisa Elton, a reply to (Uncle Tom'; 'Os-
wyn Dudley); etc. ; and (Select Poems. )
Chillingworth, William. An English di-
vine and theological writer; born at Oxford,
1602; died January 1644. His fame rests upon
(The Religion of Protestants a Safe Way to
Salvation (1637).
Chittenden, Lucius Eugene. An American
lawyer and historical writer; born in Vermont,
1824. His home is in New York. He has writ.
ten : (Recollections of Lincoln and his Ad.
ministration); Personal Reminiscences, 1840-
1890); etc.
Chivers, Thomas Holley. An American
writer of verse; born 1807; died 1858. His
home was in Georgia. He wrote: (Virginalia,
or Songs of my Summer Nights) (1853); (At-
lanta) (1855); (The Lost Pleiad.
Chmelnizkij, Nikolaj Ivanovich (chmel-nits'.
skē-e). A Russian writer of comedy (1789-1846).
He contributed largely to the reformation and
elevation of the Russian stage, both by his
original productions and by his translations of
Regnard, Molière, and other great masters.
Among his comedies are: (The Babblers);
(Air Castles); (The Waverer. He wrote also
a historical drama : Zenobius Bogdan; or, The
Incorporation of Little Russia. '
Chmielovski, Peter (shmēl-ov'skē). A Polish
historian of literature, and critic; born 1848.
His early studies were made in Leipsic, but
the theatre of his journalistic and literary ac-
tivities has long been Warsaw. His investiga.
tions have been mostly in nineteenth-century
subjects. (Adam Mickiewicz) (1886) and (Stud.