No More Learning

Macleod, Fiona (mak-loud'). An Irish poet
and novelist; born 18%. She is one of the
younger writers connected with the Celtic renais-
sance. She spent a large part of her child-
hood in the islands of lona and Arran, and
has traveled in Italy and southern France.
Besides magazine work, she has published:
(Pharais) (1895), a romance; (The Mountain
Lovers' (1895); (The Sin-Eater and Other
Tales) (1895); “The Washer of the Ford' (1896);
(Green Fire) (1896); and a modern version of
Sie


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MACLEOD - MAERLANT
361
>
at
»
the old Celtic romance (The Laughter of Peter-
kin.
Macleod, Norman. A distinguished Scottish
divine, and miscellaneous writer; born
Campbeltown, June 3, 1812; died at Glasgow,
June 16, 1872. He founded the Evangelical
Alliance in 1847; became chaplain to the Queen
for Scotland in 1857; edited Good Words
1860–72, making it an educational and literary
power. Among his works are: (The Earnest
Student) (1854), a biography; Parish Papers)
(1862); Wee Davie) (new ed. 1865); (The
Starling' (1867, new eds. 1870–77-80), a Scotch
story; Peeps at the Far East) (1871); (Char-
acter Sketches) (1872); etc. *
McLeod, Xavier Donald. An American poet
and miscellaneous writer; born in New York,
Nov. 17, 1821; killed near Cincinnati, July 20,
1865. An Episcopal clergyman, he became a
Roman Catholic in 1852, and later a priest. He
wrote: Pynnshurst' (1852); “Life of Sir Walter
Scott) (1852); (The Blood-Stone) (1853); (Les-
cure); Life of Mary Queen of Scots) (1857).
McMaster, Guy Humphrey. An American
poet; born in Clyde, N. Y. , Jan. 31, 1829; died
in Bath, Steuben County, N. Y. , Sept. 13, 1887.
At 19 he wrote Carmen Bellicosum,' better
known as The Old Continentals, published
in the Knickerbocker Magazine, and very pop-
ular. Aside from the above, his best-known
poems are : (A Dream of Thanksgiving Eve)
(1864); (The Professor's Guest Chamber' (1880);
(The Commanders) (1887).
McMaster, John Bach. An American his-
torian of celebrity; born at Brooklyn, N. Y. ,
June 29, 1852. He has been professor of Amer-
ican history in the University of Pennsylvania
since 1883. He has written (Benjamin Frank-
lin as a Man of Letters) (1887), etc. His prin-
cipal work is (History of the People of the
United States, of which the first volume ap-
peared in 1883, the fourth in 1895, other vol-
umes to follow. *
Macneil, Hector. A Scottish poet; born at
Rosebank, near Roslin, 1746; died 1818. He
wrote: (Scotland's Skaith (1795); (The Waes
of War) (1796), -- both immensely popular,-
and others. His poetical works, 2 vols. , ap-
peared in 1801 (3d ed. 1812). He published
also Scottish Adventurers) (1812), a historical
tale; Memoirs of Charles Macpherson) (1801),
an autobiography; etc.
Macnish, Robert. A noted Scottish medical
and miscellaneous writer ; born at Glasgow, Feb.
15, 1802; died there, Jan. 16, 1837.
He was a
contributor to Blackwood's and Fraser's, over
the signature « The Modern Pythagorean. ” His
best-known works are : Anatomy of Drunk-
enness) (10th ed. 1854), and Philosophy of
Sleep' (new ed. 1854). A second edition of his
( Book of Aphorisms) appeared in 1840; (The
Modern Pythagorean (containing tales, essays,
and sketches, with life) in 1844.
McPherson, Edward. An American journal-
ist and political writer; born in Gettysburg, Pa. ,
July 31, 1830; died in 1895. Among his publi.
cations are: (Political History of the United
States during the Great Rebellion (1865); (The
Political History of the United States during
Reconstruction (1870); and a (Hand-Book of
Politics) (1872).
Macpherson, James. The Scottish author of
the “Ossian” poems; born at Ruthven, Inver-
ness-shire, Oct. 27, 1736 ; died Feb. 17, 1796.
Some fragments of Gaelic verse with transla-
tions, published by him in 1760, attracted so
much attention that funds were raised for send-
ing him to the Highlands to discover more.
On his return he published the 'Poems of Os-
sian,' consisting of Fingal, an Epic Poem in
Six Books) (1762), and (Temora, an Epic Poem
in Eight Books) (1763). They became at once
famous, and were translated into nearly every
European language. A fierce controversy has
been waged as to their being genuine Gaelic
remains. He was secretary to the governor of
Florida 1764-66; agent to the Nabob of Arcot
1779; Member of Parliament 1780-90. He wrote
also "History of Great Britain' (1775). * (See
under (Ossian) in the Library. ')
Macquoid, Mrs. Katharine . A popular
English novelist; born in London. Among her
numerous works are : (A Bad Beginning' (last
ed. 1884); Hester Kirton' (new ed. 1870);
(Patty) (new ed. 1873); (At the Red Glove)
(1885); Puff(1888); etc. Among several books
of travel are : “Through Normandy) (1877), and
(Through Brittany) (1877).
Madách, Emerich (ma'-dätsh). A popular
Hungarian poet; born at Alsó-Sztregova, Jan.
21, 1823; died at Balassa-Gyarmath, Oct. 5, 1864.
He studied law, and was a notary in his na-
tive county. His principal works are: Moses)
(1861); and “The Tragedy of Man (1861), a
philosophical dramatic poem treating of the
development of mankind since the Fall, pro-
duced on the stage in 1883. He wrote also
lyrics and dramatic fragments. *
Madden, Richard Robert. An English phy.
sician and miscellaneous writer; born in Ireland,
1798; died 1886. He was prominent in the Eng.
lish anti-slavery cause. He wrote: (Travels in
Turkey) (2d ed. 1833); (The Mussulman,' a
tale; (The Infirmities of Genius) (1833); (Life
of Savonarola) (2d ed. 1854); Life and Cor-
respondence of the Countess of Blessington)
(2d ed. 1855); (The United Irishmen, their Lives
and Times) (4 vols. , 1857-60), his great work.
Madison, James. The fourth President of
the United States; born at Port Conway, Va. ,
March 16, 1751; died at Montpelier, Va. , June
28, 1836.
He served two terms as President
(1809-17). He was associated with Jay and
Hamilton in the composition of the Feder-
alist. ' Madison Papers, 3 vols. , appeared in
1840; Letters and Other Writings,' 4 vols. ,
in 1865. His complete works have been pub-
lished in 6 vols. *
Maerlant, Jakob van (mär'-länt). A Flem-
ish poet; born probably at Maerlant, on the


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362
MAETERLINCK - MÄHLY
island of Voorne, about 1235; died at Damme,
near Bruges, 1291. He founded the didactic
school of poetry in the Netherlands, and has
been called “the father of Dutch poets. His
chief work was Mirror of History,' begun in
1283 but left unfinished. A statue has been
erected to him at Damme.
Maeterlinck, Maurice (met'er-lingk ). A
noted Belgian poet; born in Flanders, 1864.
He is the foremost representative of the school
calling itself «Young Belgium. ” Among his
works are the dramas (The Blind); (The In-
truder); Princess Maleine) (5th ed. 1891); (The
Seven Princesses) (1891): also the volume of
verse (Hot-House Blooms,' and the essays "The
Treasure of the Humble. *
Maffei, Andrea, Cavaliere (mą-fā'ē). An
Italian poet; born at Riva di Trento, 1802 ;
died at Milan, Nov. 27, 1885. He wrote (Dal
Benaco) (1854); (Verses Published and Un-
published? (1858); (Art, Ardors, and Fancies )
(2d ed. 1864), containing many rare lyrics. He
made numerous translations from the German,
English, and Greek. He was also in public
life, and became senator.
Magalhaens, Domingo José Gonçalves de
(mä-gäl-yä'ens). A Brazilian poet; born in
Rio Janeiro in 1811. From 1845 to 1867 he
was Brazilian minister to Dresden, Naples,
Turin, and Vienna. As a lyric poet he ranks
high among his countrymen. His works in-
clude: Poesias? (1832); and Antonio José !
and (Olgiato,' two dramas which had great
popularity in Spanish, French, and English
translations.
Magariños Cervantes, Alejandro (mä-gä-
rēn'yos ther-vän’tes). A Uruguayan miscellane-
ous writer; born in Montevideo, 1826. He has
written : (Historical Studies on the River La
Plata); (Church and State); several volumes
of poems; etc.
Maggi, Carlo Maria (mä'jē). Latin, Mad-
dius (mad’i-us). An Italian poet; born at
Milan, 1630; died 1699. He was member of the
famous Accademia Della Crusca, and professor
of Greek at Milan. He wrote poems in Greek,
Latin, and Italian; letters ; etc. He was one
of the restorers of Italian poetry.
Magill, Mary Tucker. An American mis-
cellaneous writer; born in Jefferson County,
Va. , Aug. 21, 1832. Besides magazine sketches,
she has written : (The Holcombes) (1868); 'Wo-
men; or, Chronicles of the Late War) (1870);
and (Pantomimes; or, Wordless Poems) (1882).
Maginn, William. An Irish scholar, poet,
and journalist, a noted man in his day; born
at Cork, Nov. II, 1793; died at Walton on
Thames, Aug. 20, 1842. He was a contributor
to the early volumes of Punch, and with Hugh
Fraser founded Fraser's Magazine in 1830. The
only collection of his writings (and that par-
tial) is the Miscellanies) (1855-57), edited by
R. Shelton Mackenzie. His best stories are
(The City of Demons) and (Bob Burke's Duel
with Ensign Brady. ' *
Magnin, Charles (mä-nyan'). A French
critic and poet; born in Paris, Nov. 4, 1793;
died there, Oct. 8, 1862. He was one of the
directors of the National Library in 1832. Be-
sides poetry, he wrote : (Racine) (1826), a suc-
cessful comedy; (The Origins of the Modern
Stage) (1838); "Historical and Literary Talks
and Meditations) (1843); History of Puppet
Shows) (1852); etc.
Magoon, Elias Lyman. An American pulpit
orator and author; born in Lebanon, N. H. ,
Oct. 20, 1810; died in Philadelphia, Nov. 25,
1886. Among his published works are: (Elo-
quence of the Colonial Times) (1847); Prov-
erbs for the People (1848); (Republican Christ-
ianity) (1849); and Westward Empire) (1856).
Magruder, Julia. An American prose-writer;
born in Charlottesville, Va. , Sept. 14, 1854. She
has published (Across the Chasm,' anonymous
(1885); At Anchor) (1887); A Magnificent
Plebeian (1887); “Princess Sonya'; "Violet. '
Mahaffy, John Pentland. An Irish classical
scholar and historian; born at Chapponnaire,
Switzerland, Feb. 26, 1839. He is professor of
ancient history at Trinity College, Dublin. He
has published: (Social Life in Greece) (3d ed.
1877); (Rambles and Studies in Greece) (2d
ed. 1878); (Greek Life and Thought) (1888);
(Greece under Roman Sway) (1890); “History
of Greek Classical Literature) (3 vols. , 2d ed.
1892); “The Empire of the Ptolemies' (1896);
etc. *
Mahan, Alfred Thayer. A distinguished
American naval officer and writer on naval his.
tory; born at West Point, N. Y. , Sept. 27, 1840.
He served in the Civil War; and was president
of the Naval War College, Newport, in 1886-89
and 1890-93. Visiting Europe in command of
the Chicago in 1893, he received many honors,
among them degrees from both Oxford and
Cambridge. His chief work, Influence of Sea
Power upon History) (1890), with its continua.
tion, 'Influence of Sea Power upon the French
Revolution and Empire) (1892), gave him a
world-wide reputation. He has published also:
(The Gulf and Inland Waters) (1883); Life
of Admiral Farragut) (1892); « The Interest of
America in Sea Power, Present and Future)
(1897), a compilation of his magazine articles;
(Life of Nelson (1897). *
Mahan, Asa. A distinguished American Con-
gregational divine and educator; born at Ver.
non, N. Y. , Nov. 9, 1800; died at Eastbourne,
England, April 4, 1889. He was president of
Oberlin College, 1838–50; of Cleveland Univer-
sity, 1850-56; of Adrian College, Mich. , 1860-
71. Among his works were: (System of Intel-
lectual Philosophy) (1845); (Science of Logic)
(1857); (History of Philosophy) (1883). He
published “Scripture Doctrine of Christian Per-
fection) (1839) in support of perfectionist views.
Mähly, Jakob (mā'lē). A Swiss poet, mis-
cellaneous writer, and classical scholar; born at
Basle, Dec. 24, 1828.
He was professor of phi-
lology at Basle in 1863. Besides learned works,


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MAIKOV - MAJOR
363
including (Richard Bentley) (1868), (History
of Ancient Literature) (2 vols. , 1880), etc. , he
has written (Rhigmurmel (1856), a volume of
poems in the Basle dialect; the epic poems
Matilda (2d ed. 1862) and “The Earthquake at
Basle) (1856); the idyl (Peace) (1862); stories,
comedies. juveniles, etc.
Maikov, Apollon Nikolaevich (mä-e'kof). A
distinguished Russian poet; born at Moscow,
1821 or 1826. He is probably the first of living
Russian poets. The tone of his writings is
idealistic, and they are marked by great finish
of form. During the Crimean War he published
patriotic poems. His two plays are entitled
(Tri Smerti) (Three Deaths) and (Dva Mira)
(Two Worlds). The fourth edition of his works,
in 3 vols. , appeared in 1884. * (See (Library)
article, Russian Lyric Poetry. ')
Mailáth, János, Count (mi'lät). A Hun-
garian historian and poet; born at Buda-Pesth,
Oct. 3, 1786; died Jan. 3, 1855. His most im-
portant historical works were : (History of the
Austrian Empire) (5 vols. , 1834-50), his master-
piece; “History of the Magyars) (5 vols. , 1828–
31). His chief poetical writings were : (Poems)
(1824) and (Magyar Legends, Narratives, and
Tales) (1826), together with translations from
the German. He and his daughter committed
suicide together.
Maimonides, Moses (mi-mon'i-dēz). A fa-
mous Jewish philosopher and scholar; born at
Cordova, Spain, March 30, 1135; died at Cairo,
Egypt, Dec. 13, 1204. He harmonized Judaism
and philosophy. Driven with his family from
Spain, he resided in Fez; then traveled by way
of Palestine to Cairo, becoming there chief rabbi
and the caliph's physician. His chief work,
written in Hebrew, is 'Mishneh Torah) (Repe-
tition of the Law : 1170-80), a masterly exposi-
tion of the whole of the Jewish law as contained
in the Pentateuch and the voluminous Tal-
mudic literature. His principal philosophical
work, written in Arabic, was Dalalt al Haïrin)
(Guide of the Perplexed : 1190). The estima.
tion in which he is held by the Jews can be
seen in their saying, “From Moses [the law-
giver] to Moses (Maimonides] there is none
like unto Moses. *
Maine, Sir Henry James Sumner. A dis-
tinguished English jurist; born near Leighton,
Aug. 15, 1822; died at Cannes, Feb. 3, 1888. He
was professor of civil law at Cambridge 1847-54;
reader on Roman law at the Inns of Court, Lon-
don, 1852; legal member of the council in India
1862-69; professor of jurisprudence at Oxford
1869-78; master of Trinity Hall, Cambridge,
1877 ; professor of international law at Cam-
bridge 1887. Among his more noted works
were : (Ancient Law) (1861), an epoch-making
book; (Village Communities) (1871); Popular
Government' (1885); etc.
Maine de Biran, Marie François Pierre
Gonthier (mān de be-ron'). A noted French
philosopher; born at Bergerac, Nov. 29, 1766 ;
died July 16, 1824. He served in Louis XVI. 's
army, and was member of the Council of Five
Hundred in 1797. He was the founder of mod-
ern French spiritualism in philosophy. He
wrote: (Influence of Habit upon the Thinking
Faculty) (1803); (Decomposition of Thought
(1805);( Foundations of Psychology) (1859); etc.
((Works, 3 vols. , edited by Cousin, 1841; 3
vols. additional, by Naville, 1846-59. )
Mair, Charles. A Canadian poet; born in
Lanark, Sept. 21 1840. He is the author of
(Dreamland and Other Poems) (1868). and a
drama entitled (Tecumseh) (1886).
Mairet, Jean de (mā-rā'). A French dram-
atist; born at Besançon, Jan. 4, 1604; died there,
Jan. 31, 1686. The precursor of Corneille, like
him he furthered the purification of the French
stage. He wrote pastorals, tragedies, and tragi.
comedies. Among his most original works
were the pastoral (Silvanire) (1625), and the
first regular French tragedy, (Sophonisbe)
(1629), his best production.
Maistre, Joseph Marie de, Count (māstr or
mātr). A famous French statesman and phil-
osophical and miscellaneous writer; born at
Chambéry, April 1, 1754; died at Turin, Feb.
26, 1821. He was senator of Savoy in 1788;
chancellor of Sardinia 1799; Sardinian minister
at St. Petersburg 1802; minister at Turin 1817.
He wrote: “Thoughts on the French Revolu-
tion) (1796); (Generative Principle of Human
Institutions) (1810); (Examination of Bacon's
Philosophy) (1835; new ed. 1864); etc. (St.
Petersburg Evenings) was published in 1821 ;
and his interesting correspondence in 1851 and
1858. ((Works,' 8 vols. , 1864. )
Maistre, Xavier de, Count. A noted French
soldier, essayist, and novelist, brother of Joseph
Marie; born at Chambéry, October, 1764; died at
St. Petersburg, June 12, 1852. After serving in
Piedmont and Italy (1798-99), going to Russia
he rose to the rank of major-general. His mas-
terpiece was the much-admired Journey Round
my Room! (1794) in Sterne's style, written
while under arrest for fighting a duel. He
wrote besides :(The Siberian Girl' (1815);‘Pris-
oners of the Caucasus) (1815); etc. The charm
of his work is its dainty style, its power of nar-
ration, and its revelations of the author's per-
sonality. *
Maitin, José Antonio (mä-e'tēn). A Vene-
zuelan poet; born in Porto Cabello, 1798; died
in Choroni, 1874. In 1824 he returned from
Havana to his own country, from which he
had Aed on account of persecution, and subse-
quently lived in the valley of Choroni. In 1844
he made a collection of his best poems and
published them under the title (Echoes from
Choroni, and in 1851 a collected edition of all
his works.
Major, Richard Henry. An English historian
and geographer; born in London, 1818; died
there 1891. He was connected with the British
Museum Library 1844-80; honorary secretary
of the Hakluyt Society 1849-58 ; and vice-
president of the Royal Geographical Society.
He wrote (Life of Prince Henry of Portugal)
:
:


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364
MALABARI - MALLOCK
(1868), “The Discoveries of Prince Henry and
their Results) (1877); edited 'Select Letters of
Christopher Columbus) (1847); etc.
Malabari, Behramji Merwanji (mä-lä-bä'rē).
An eminent social reformer of India, and a
poet; born (Mehta) at Baroda, 1853. He has
given his fortune and his life to bettering the
condition of women in India by the abolition
of infant marriage and enforced widowhood.
He is editor and proprietor of the Indian Spec-
tator and the Voice of India. Among his works
are the fine Niti Vinod,' etc. , in verse ; 'Gujarat
and Gujaratis, liked for its picturesque and
humorous style; various political and ethical
productions; etc.
Malcolm, Sir John. A distinguished British
soldier, statesman, and historian; born at Burn-
foot, Dumfriesshire, Scotland, May 2, 1769; died
in London, May 30, 1833. Employed by the
East India Company, he distinguished himself
as a fighter, diplomatist, and ruler; was presi-
dent of Mysore 1803; won the important bat-
tle of Mehidpur over the Mahrattas in 1817;
was governor of Malwa 1818–22; of Bombay
1827-30; Member of Parliament 1831-32. He
wrote among others : (Political History of
India' (1811); "History of Persia' (2 vols. , 1815),
which is still an authority; Memoir of Cen-
tral India' (1823); and above all, “Sketches of
Persia) (1827), still read, and a mine of good
stories, legends, travel sketches, descriptions
of Oriental life and ceremonial, and manly
sense and thought.
Malczewski, Antoni (mäl-chev'skē). A noted
Polish poet; born at Warsaw, about 1793;
died there, May 2, 1826. The merit of his
works, which were marked by a deeply reli-
gious spirit, was not recognized till after his
death. His masterpiece, the famous epic
Marya) (Maria : 1825), has been several times
edited and translated into English (London,
1836), French, German, and Bohemian. The
tomb erected to him at Varsovia bears the in-
scription : "To the author of Maria. ” He died
in abject poverty.
Malebranche, Nicolas (mäl-bronsh'). A fa-
mous French philosopher; born in Paris, Aug.
6, 1638; died there, Oct. 13, 1715. The keynote
of his philosophy is to be found in his cele-
brated principle, "We see all things in God. ”
His chief work, containing the substance of
his whole philosophy, was (Search for Truth)
(1674). Other works were: (Of Nature and
Grace) (1680); (Christian and Metaphysical
Meditations) (1683); (Treatise Ethics)
(1684); etc. Imbued with a deep piety, he felt
it to be of the utmost importance to effect a
reconciliation between philosophy and religion.
(“Works, 11 vols. , 1712; last ed. 1859-71. )
Malesherbes, Chrétien Guillaume de La-
moignon de (mäl-zãrb'). A famous French
statesman and miscellaneous writer; born in
Paris, Dec. 6, 1721; was guillotined there, April
22, 1794. He was censor of the press and
president of the excise court 1750–71; Minister
of the Interior 1774-76; Louis XVI. 's counsel
before the Convention 1792-93. He wrote
(Public Law of France) (1779); (Thoughts
and Maxims) (1802); Book Selling and the
Liberty of the Press) (2d ed. 1827); etc. The
second edition of his Unpublished Works)
appeared in 1822.
Malet, Lucas. Pseudonym of Mary St. Leger
Harrison, an English novelist, youngest daugh.
ter of Charles Kingsley; born 1852, and now
wife of Rev. W. Harrison, rector of Clovelly,
England. Her novels include: Colonel En.
derby's Wife); (A Counsel of Perfection ;
"Little Peter); Mrs. Lorimer); (The Wages
of Sin); etc.
Malherbe, François de (mä-lårb). A fa.
mous French poet; born at Caen, 1555; died
in Paris, Oct. 16, 1628. He became court poet
in 1605. He was the inaugurator of French
classicism, and made Parisian French the
standard for the kingdom. His poems were
marked by purity of diction and harmony of
versification, rather than by great poetic feeling.
Besides translations from Latin, he wrote but
one volume of poetry, containing (Stanzas,
(Odes,' (Sonnets, Epigrams,' and Songs.
The best edition of his works is in Lalanne's
(Great Writers) (Paris, 5 vols. , 1860-65).
Mallery, Garrick. An American ethnolo-
gist; born in Wilkesbarre, Pa. , April 23, 1831;
died 1894. His published works in part are :
(A Calendar of the Dakota Nation (1877);
'Sign Language among the North American
Indians compared with That among Other
Peoples and Deaf Mutes) (1881). He has
besides contributed much to periodicals.
Mallet, originally Malloch, David (mal'et
or mal'loch). A Scottish poet and dramatist;
born at Crieff, Perthshire, about 1700; died in
England, April 21, 1765. He was under-secre-
tary to the Prince of Wales, and a friend of
Pope, Bolingbroke, and other celebrities of the
time. He wrote in verse' The Excursion) (1728);
(The Hermit) (1747); Edwin and Emma'
(1760); the tragedies (Eurydice) (1731), (Mus-
tapha' (1739) ; etc. The famous English patri-
otic song (Rule Britannia) appeared in (Al-
fred : a Masque (1740), written with James
Thomson ; its authorship has been claimed for
each.
Mallian, Julien de (mä-yän'). A West-
Indian dramatist ; born in Le Moule, Guade-
loupe, 1805; died in Paris, 1851. He gained
wide reputation as a writer of comedies and
dramas, many of which have been presented on
the metropolitan stage. The most popular are :
(Two Roses) (1831), a historical drama of the
civil wars in England; (The Carpenter) (1831),
a comedy; and (The Wandering Jew) (1834).
Mallock, William Hurrell. A distinguished
English essayist, novelist, and poet; born in
Devonshire, 1849. He is a nephew of Froude
the historian. Among his best-known works
are : (The New Republic) (1877), and "Is Life
Worth Living? ) (1879). His novels are (A
Romance of the Nineteenth Century'; (The
on


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MALMESBURY - MANETHO
365
>
Old Order Changeth); (A Human Document); ographer and publicist ; born at Thisted, Den-
and (The Heart of Life. He has published mark, Aug. 12, 1775; died in Paris, Dec. 14,
two volumes of poems; and a great number of 1826. Banished from his native country in 1800,
magazine articles, some of which have been he resided in Paris. His great work was “Epit.
collected under the titles (Social Equality) ome of Universal Geography) (1810-29; latest
(1882), Property Progress, and Poverty' (1884) ed. , 6 vols. , 1872). He also founded the (An-
and Classes and Masses; or Wealth and nals of Travels, Geography, and History)
Wages in the United Kingdom (1896). He (1808-14); collaborated in Mathematical, Phys-
credits industrial progress to intellect, not ical, and Political Geography' (16 vols. , 1804-7)
labor. *
and (Dictionary of Universal Geography) (8
Malmesbury, William of. A noted English
vols. , 1821); wrote (Scientific and Literary Mis-
historian; born in Somersetshire, about 1095;
cellanies) (3 vols. , 1828); etc.
died at Malmesbury, about 1143.
He was a
Malthus, Thomas Robert. A famous Eng.
monk, and librarian of the monastery of lish political economist; born near Guildford,
Malmesbury. Of his great work, “History of the Surrey, Feb. 17, 1766; died at St. Catherine's,
Kings of England, which next to the "Saxon
near Bath, Dec. 23, 1834. He was professor of
Chronicle) is the highest authority for Anglo- history and political economy at Haileybury
Saxon times, and its continuation (Modern His.
College (1805). His celebrated “Malthusian
tory,' both in Latin, the latest and best edition doctrine,” as it is called, was announced in
is Hardy's (1840). The latest English transla-
Principle of Population) (1798; revised ed.
tion of the former is in Bohn's Library (1847). 1803). His theory is that population increases
Malmström, Bernhard Elis (mälm'strém).
faster than the means of subsistence; so that
A Swedish poet and historian of literature;
the increase in population must in some way
born at Nerike, March 14, 1816; died at Upsala,
be checked. A ninth edition appeared in 1888.
June 21, 1865. He was professor of æsthetics Mamiani della Rovere, Terenzio, Count
and literature at Upsala in 1858.