at Rome, Crassipes was
commanded
to restore
S 5, 31.
S 5, 31.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - a
p.
101, where he is called " Sitalces.
")
## p. 870 (#890) ############################################
870
COTYS.
CRANAEA.
The effect of it certainly was so to discourage 4. A king of Thrace, took part against Caesar
Miltocythes that he abandoned the struggle, while with Pomper, and sent him a body of auxiliaries
Cotys, having gained his point, never dreamed of under his son Sadisles in B. C. 48. (Caes. Bell.
fulfilling his promises. (Dem. C. Aristocr. p. 655, Civ. iii. 4 ; Lucan. Phars. v. 51. )
c. Polycl. 1207. ) [AUTOCLES, No. 2. ] In the 5. Son of Rhoemetilces, king of Thrace. On
same year he vigorously opposed Ariobarzanes and the death of Rhocmetalces his dominions were
the other revolted satraps of the western provinces. divided by Augustus between his brother Rhescu-
Here again he shewed his hostility to Athens, poris and his son Cotys. Rhescuporis desired to
which sided with the rebels, while another motive subject the whole kingdom to himself, but did not
with him for the course he took seems to have venture on palpable acts of aggression till the death
been, that the satraps protected the cities on the of Angustus. lle then openly waged war against
Hellespont, over which he desired to establish his his nephew, but both parties were commanded by
own authority. Having besieged Sestus, which Tiberius to desist from hostilies. Rhescuporis
belonged to Ariobarzanes, he was compelled, ap- then, feigning a wish for friendly negotiation, in-
parently by Timotheus, to raise the siege ; but the rited Corys to a conference, and, at the banquet
town soon after revolted from Athens and sub- which followed, he treacherously seized him, and,
mitted to Cotys, who, having in vain tried to per- baving thrown him into chains, wrote to Tiberius,
suade Iphicrates to aid him [IPHICRATES), again pretending that he had only acted in self-defence
bought the services of Charidemus, made him his and anticipated a plot on the part of Cotys. He
son-in-law, and prosecuted the war with his was, howerer, commanded to release him, and to
assistance. (Xen. Ages, ii. 20; Nep. Timoth. come to Rome to have the matter investigated,
l; Dem. de Rhod. Lib. p. 193, c. Aristocr. pp. wherenpon (A. D. 19) he murdered his prisoner,
663, 664, 672—674. ) [CHARIDEM US. ] This thinking, says Tacitus, that he might as well have
appears to have occurred in B. C. 359, and in the to answer for a crime completed as for one half
same year, and not long after Philip's accession, done. Tacitus spcaks of Cotys as a man of gentle
we find him supporting the claims of the pretender disposition and manners, and Ovid, in an epistle
Pausanias to the Macedonian throne ; but the addressed to him during his exile at Tomi, alludes
bribes of Philip induced him to abandon his cause. to his cultivated taste for literature, and claims his
(Diod. xvi. 2, 3. ) For his letter to Philip, perhaps favour and protection as a brother-poet. (Tac. Ann.
on this occasion, see Hegesand. ap. Athen. vi. p. i. 64–67, iii. 38 ; Vell. Pat. ii. 129; Ov. ex Pont.
248. In B. C. 358, he was assassinated by Py- . I. )
thon or Parrhon and Heracleides (two citizens of 6. A king of a portion of Thrace, and perhaps
Aenus, a Greek town in Thrace), whose father he one of the sons of No. 5. (See Tac. Ann. ii. 67. )
had in some way injured. The murderers were In A. D. 38, Caligula gave the whole of Thrace to
honoured by the Athenians with golden crowns Rhoemetalces, son of Rhescuporis, and put Cotys
and the franchise of the city. (Arist. Polit, v. 10, in possession of Armenia Minor. In A. D. 47,
ed. Bekk. ; Dem. C. Aristocr. pp. 659, 662, 674; when Claudius wished to place Mithridates on the
Plut. alv. Colot. 32; Diog. Laërt. iii. 46, ix. 65. ) | throne of Armenia, Cotys endeavoured to obtain it
Cotys, from the accounts we have of him, was for himself, and had succeeded in attaching some
much addicted to gross luxury, and especially to of the nobles to his cause, but was compelled by
drunkenness, the prevalent vice of bis nation. His the commands of the emperor to desist. (Dion
violence and cruelty were excessive, almost, in Cass. lix. 12; Tac. Ann. xi. 9. )
fact, akin to madness. He is said to have mur- 7. King of the Bosporus, which he received
dered his wife, of whom he was jealous, with cir- from the Romans on the expulsion of his brother
cumstances of the most shocking barbarity ; on one Mithridates. As only a few cohorts under Julius
occasion also he persuaded himself, or chose to Aquila had been left in the country to support
assert, that he was the bridegroom of the goddess the new king, who was himself young and inex-
Athena, and, having drunk deeply at what he perienced, Mithridates endeavoured to recover his
called the nuptial feast, he put to death two of his dominions by force of arms, A. D. 50; but he was
attendants successively, who had not presence of conquered and carried prisoner to Rome. (Tac.
mind or courtly tact sufficient to fall in with his Ann. xii. 15—21. )
mad humour. (Theopomp. ap. Athen. xii. pp. 531, The second of the coins figured on p. 777, a.
532 ; Suid. s. v. ; Plut. Reg. et Imp. Apophth. ) belongs to this Cotys, who is sometimes called
3. A king of the Odrysae in Thrace. He was Cotys I. , king of the Bosporus. The coin given
originally an ally of Rome, but was forced into an below belongs to Cotys II. , who reigned under
alliance against her with Perseus, to whom he Hadrian, and is mentioned by Arrian in his Peri-
gave hostages for his fidelity, and supplied a force plus. The obverse represents the head of Cotys,
of 2000 men. When Perseus was conquered by the reverse that of Hadrian. (Eckhel, ii. pp. 376,
Aemilius Paullus in B. C. 168, Bites, the son of 378. )
[E. E. ]
Cotys, was taken prisoner and carried to Rome,
and his father sent ambassadors to offer any sum
of money for his freedom, and to account for his
own conduct in having sided with Macedonia.
The Roman senate did not admit the excuse of
Cotys as a valid one, but they made a flourish of
generosity, and released the prince unransomed.
Cotys is honourably recorded as differing widely
from the generality of his countrymen in sobriety,
gentieness, and cultivation of mind. (Polyb. xxvii.
10, xxx. 12; Suid. s. 2. ; Liv. xli. 29, 51, 57, 59, CRANAEA (Kpavaia), a surname of Artemis,
67, xiii. 18, xlv. 42. )
derived from a temple on a hill near Elateia in
L
## p. 871 (#891) ############################################
CRASSINUS.
871
CRASSITIUS.
66
2
S
:
Phocis, in which the office of priest was always CRASSIPES, thick-footed," the name of a
held by youths below the age of puberty, and for patrician family of the Furia gens.
the space of five years by each youth. (Paus. X. 1. M. Furius Crassiles, was one of the three
34. & 4. )
(L. S. ] commissior. ers appointed in B. c. 194 to found a
CRANA'US (Kpavabs), an autochthon and king Latin colony among the Brutii, and he with his
of Attica, who reigned at the time of the flood of colleagues accordingly led, two years afterwards,
Deucalion. He was married to Pedias, by whom 3700 foot soldiers and 300 horsemen to Vibo,
he became the father of Cranac, Cranaechme, and which had been previously called Ilipponium.
Atthis, from the last of whom Attica was believed Crassipes was elected praetor, in s. c. 187, and
to have derived its name. He was deprived of his obtained the province of Gaul. Desiring to obtain
kingdom by Amphictyon, his son-in-law, and after a pretext for a war, he deprived the Cenomani of
his death he was buried in the demos of Lamprae, their arms, though they had been guilty of no of-
where his tomb was shewn as late as the time of fence; but when this people appealed to the senate
Pausanias. (Apollod. iii. 14. S 5, &c. ; Paus. i. 2.
at Rome, Crassipes was commanded to restore
S 5, 31. S 2. )
(L. S. ] them their arms, and to depart from the province.
CRANE. (Cardea. ]
He obtained the praetorship a second time in B. C.
CRANTOR (Kpávtwp), of Soli in Cilicia, left 173, and received Sicily as his province. (Liv.
his native country, and repaired to Athens, in xxxiv. 53, xxxv. 40, xxxviii. 42, xxxix. 3, xli. 28.
order to study philosophy, where he became a s. 33, xlii. 1. )
pupil of Xenocrates and a friend of Polemo, and 2. Furius CRASSIPES, married Tullia, the
one of the most distinguished supporters of the daughter of M. Tullius Cicero, after the death of her
philosophy of the older Academy. As Xenocrates first husband, C. Piso Frugi. The marriage con-
died B. c. 315, Crantor must have come to Athens tract (sponsalia) was made on the 6th of April, B. C.
previous to that year, but we do not know the 56. She was, however, shortly afterwards divorced
date of his birth or his death. He died before from Crassipes, but at what time is uncertain ; it
Polemo and Crates, and the dropsy was the cause must have been before B. c. 50, as she was married
of his death. He left his fortune, which amounted to Dolabella in that year. Cicero notwithstanding
to twelve talents, to Arcesilaüs; and this may be continued to live on friendly terms with Crassipes,
the reason why many of Crantor's writings were and mentions to Atticus a conversation he had
ascribed by the ancients to Arcesilaus. His works had with him, when Pompey was setting out from
were very numerous. Diogenes Laërtius says, Brundisium, in B. C. 49. (Cic. ad Qu. Fr. ii. 4, v. l,
that he left behind Commentaries (unourhuara), vi. l, ad Fum. i. 7. $ 11, 9. & 20, ad Att. iv. 5, 12,
which consisted of 30,000 lines; but of these only vii. 1, ad Att. ix. 11. ) There is a letter of Cicero's
fragments have been preserved. They appear to (ad Fam. xiii. 9) addressed to Crassipes, when he
have related principally to moral subjects, and, was quaestor in Bithynia, B. c. 51, recommending
accordingly, Horace (Ep. i. 2. 4) classes him with to his notice the company that farmed the taxes in
Chrysippus as a moral philosopher, and speaks of that province.
him in a manner which proves that the writings of 3. P. Furius CRASSIPES, curule aedile, as we
Crantor were much read and generally known in learn from coins (a specimen of which is given
Rome at that time. The most popular of Crantor's below), but at what time is uncertain. The ob-
works at Rome seems to have been that “On Grief” verse of the coin annexed represents a woman's
(De Luctu, Tepl Tévdous), which was addressed to head crowned with a tower, and by the side a
his friend Hippocles on the death of his son, and foot, through a kind of jocular allusion to the name
from which Cicero seems to have taken almost the of Crassipes; on the reverse is a curule seat.
whole of the third book of his Tusculan Disputa-
tions. The philosopher Panaetius called it a
* golden” work, which deserved to be learnt by
heart word for word. (Cic. Acad. ii. 44. ) Cicero
also made great use of it while writing his cele
brated “ Consolatio" on the death of his daughter,
Tullia; and several extracts from it are preserved
in Plutarch's treatise on Consolation addressed to
Apollonius, which has come down to us.
L. CRASSITIUS, a Latin grammarian, was a
Crantor was the first of Plato's followers who native of Tarentum and a freedman, and was sur-
wrote commentaries on the works of his master. named Pasicles, which he afterwards changed into
He also made some attempts in poetry; and Dio- Pansa. He was first employed in assisting the
genes Laërtius relates, that, after sealing up a col-writers of the mimes for the stage, afterwards gare
lection of his poems, he deposited them in the lectures on grammar, and at length wrote a com-
temple of Athena in his native city, Soli. He is mentary on the obscure poem of C. Helvius Cinna,
accordingly called by the poet Theaetetus, in an entitled Smyrna, which gained him great re-
epitaph which he composed upon him, the friend nown: his praises were celebrated in an epigram
of the Muses; and we are told, that his chief fa- preserved Suetonius, but the meaning of it
vourites among the poets were Homer and Euri- is difficult to understand. He taught the sons of
pides. (Diog. Laërt. iv. 24—27; Orelli, Onom. many of the noblest families at Rome, and among
Tull. ii. p. 201; Schneider in Zimmermann's Zeit- others Julius Antonius, the son of the triumvir, but
schrift für Alterthumsuissenschaft, 1836, Nos. 104, eventually he gave up his school, in order to be
105; Kayser, De Cruntore Academico, Heidelb. compared to Verrius Flaccus, and betook himself
1841. )
(A. S. ] to the study of philosophy. (Suet. Illustr. Gramm.
CRASSI'NUS or CRASSUS, a surname borne 18 ; Weichert, Poit. Latin. Reliqu. p. 184. )
in early times by many members of the patrician It is not impossible that this Crassitins iras ori-
Claudia gens. (CLAUDIUS, p. 767. ]
ginally the siave of the Crassitius or Crassicius,
a
## p. 872 (#892) ############################################
872
CRASSUS.
CRASSUS.
mentioned by Cicero in B. c. 43 (Philipp. v. 6. I when Antony returned from that expedition, Ca-
xiii. 2) as one of the friends of Antony. His ori- nidius Crassus remained in Armenia, and conti-
ginal name would therefore have been Pasicles, nued the war against those nations with consider-
and he would have taken the name of his patronable success, for he defeated the Armenians, and
as a matter of course upon manumission. It may also the kings of the Iberians and Albanians, and
be, however, that the Crassitius mentioned by Ci penetrated as far as the Caucasus. In the cain-
cero is the same as the grammarian.
paign which Antony made against the Parthians in
CRASSUS, M. AQUI'LIUS, was practor in B. C. 36, Crassus was as unfortunate as the other
B. C. 43, and was sent by the senate into Picenum Roman gencrals, all of whom suffered great losses,
to levy troops, in order to resist Octavianus, when and were compelled to retreat. In B. C. 32, when
he marched upon the city in this year, in order to Antony resolved upon the war with Octavian,
demand the consulship. Crassus was seized in a Crassus was commissioned to lead the army, which
slave's dress, and brought to Octavianus, who did was stationed in Armenia, to the coast of the Me-
not punish him at the time, but afterwards in- diterranean. On the outbreak of the war many of
cluded his name in the proscription. (Appian, B. C. Antony's friends advised him to remove Cleopatra
iii. 93, 94. ) It is thought by some commentators from the army, but Crassus who was bribed by the
that we ought to read Acilius instead of Aquilius. queen, opposed this plan, and she accordingly ac-
If this conjecture be correct, the Crassus men- companied her lover to the fatal war. Shortly
tioned above would be the same as the Acilius, afterwards, however, Crassus also advised Antony
who was included in the proscription, and whose to send her back to Egypt, and to fight the decisive
escape is related by Appian. (B. C. iv. 39. ) battle on the land and not on the sea. This time
CRASSUS, CALPUʻRNIUS, descended from his advice was disregarded. During the battle of Ac-
the ancient family of the (Licinii? ) Crassi, con- tium, Crassus who had the command of Antony's
spired against Nerva ; but when his designs were land forces, could only act the part of a spectator.
detected, he received no punishment from the em- After the unfortunate issue of the scafight, Crassus
peror, but was merely removed to Tarentum with and his army still held out for seven days in the
his wife. Crassus was subsequently put to death. I hope that Antony would return ; but in the end
on account of his forming a conspiracy against the Crassus in despair took to flight, and followed his
life of Trajan. (Aur. Vict. Epit. 12; Dion Cass. master to Alexandria, where he informed him of
lxviij. 3, 16.
the issue of the contest and of the fate of his
CRASSUS, L. CANI'DIUS, was with Lepidus army. After the fall of Antony Crassus was put
in Gaul, in B. C. 43, when Antony was compelled to death by the command of Octavianus. He died
to seek refuge there, and was the main instru- as a coward, although in times of prosperity he had
ment in bringing about the union between the been in the habit of boasting, that death had no
armies of Lepidus and Antony. Three years terrors for him. (Cic. ad Fam. x. 21 ; Dion
later, B. C. 40, he was consul suffectus with L. Cass. xlviii. 32, xlix. 24 ; Plut. Ant. 34, 42, 56,
Cornelius Balbus, and afterwards he was one of 63, 65, 68, 71, Comparat. Dem. c. Ant. l;
the legates of Antony, whom he accompanied in Vell. Pat. ii. 85, 87; Oros. vi. 19. ) (L. S. ]
his campaign against the Parthians. In B. c. 38, CRASSUS, CLAU'DIUS. (CLAUDIUS, p. 767. ]
;
CRASSUS, LICI'NIUS.
STEMMA CRASSORUM.
(A. )
C. Licinius Varus.
1. P. Licinius Crassus, Cos. B.
## p. 870 (#890) ############################################
870
COTYS.
CRANAEA.
The effect of it certainly was so to discourage 4. A king of Thrace, took part against Caesar
Miltocythes that he abandoned the struggle, while with Pomper, and sent him a body of auxiliaries
Cotys, having gained his point, never dreamed of under his son Sadisles in B. C. 48. (Caes. Bell.
fulfilling his promises. (Dem. C. Aristocr. p. 655, Civ. iii. 4 ; Lucan. Phars. v. 51. )
c. Polycl. 1207. ) [AUTOCLES, No. 2. ] In the 5. Son of Rhoemetilces, king of Thrace. On
same year he vigorously opposed Ariobarzanes and the death of Rhocmetalces his dominions were
the other revolted satraps of the western provinces. divided by Augustus between his brother Rhescu-
Here again he shewed his hostility to Athens, poris and his son Cotys. Rhescuporis desired to
which sided with the rebels, while another motive subject the whole kingdom to himself, but did not
with him for the course he took seems to have venture on palpable acts of aggression till the death
been, that the satraps protected the cities on the of Angustus. lle then openly waged war against
Hellespont, over which he desired to establish his his nephew, but both parties were commanded by
own authority. Having besieged Sestus, which Tiberius to desist from hostilies. Rhescuporis
belonged to Ariobarzanes, he was compelled, ap- then, feigning a wish for friendly negotiation, in-
parently by Timotheus, to raise the siege ; but the rited Corys to a conference, and, at the banquet
town soon after revolted from Athens and sub- which followed, he treacherously seized him, and,
mitted to Cotys, who, having in vain tried to per- baving thrown him into chains, wrote to Tiberius,
suade Iphicrates to aid him [IPHICRATES), again pretending that he had only acted in self-defence
bought the services of Charidemus, made him his and anticipated a plot on the part of Cotys. He
son-in-law, and prosecuted the war with his was, howerer, commanded to release him, and to
assistance. (Xen. Ages, ii. 20; Nep. Timoth. come to Rome to have the matter investigated,
l; Dem. de Rhod. Lib. p. 193, c. Aristocr. pp. wherenpon (A. D. 19) he murdered his prisoner,
663, 664, 672—674. ) [CHARIDEM US. ] This thinking, says Tacitus, that he might as well have
appears to have occurred in B. C. 359, and in the to answer for a crime completed as for one half
same year, and not long after Philip's accession, done. Tacitus spcaks of Cotys as a man of gentle
we find him supporting the claims of the pretender disposition and manners, and Ovid, in an epistle
Pausanias to the Macedonian throne ; but the addressed to him during his exile at Tomi, alludes
bribes of Philip induced him to abandon his cause. to his cultivated taste for literature, and claims his
(Diod. xvi. 2, 3. ) For his letter to Philip, perhaps favour and protection as a brother-poet. (Tac. Ann.
on this occasion, see Hegesand. ap. Athen. vi. p. i. 64–67, iii. 38 ; Vell. Pat. ii. 129; Ov. ex Pont.
248. In B. C. 358, he was assassinated by Py- . I. )
thon or Parrhon and Heracleides (two citizens of 6. A king of a portion of Thrace, and perhaps
Aenus, a Greek town in Thrace), whose father he one of the sons of No. 5. (See Tac. Ann. ii. 67. )
had in some way injured. The murderers were In A. D. 38, Caligula gave the whole of Thrace to
honoured by the Athenians with golden crowns Rhoemetalces, son of Rhescuporis, and put Cotys
and the franchise of the city. (Arist. Polit, v. 10, in possession of Armenia Minor. In A. D. 47,
ed. Bekk. ; Dem. C. Aristocr. pp. 659, 662, 674; when Claudius wished to place Mithridates on the
Plut. alv. Colot. 32; Diog. Laërt. iii. 46, ix. 65. ) | throne of Armenia, Cotys endeavoured to obtain it
Cotys, from the accounts we have of him, was for himself, and had succeeded in attaching some
much addicted to gross luxury, and especially to of the nobles to his cause, but was compelled by
drunkenness, the prevalent vice of bis nation. His the commands of the emperor to desist. (Dion
violence and cruelty were excessive, almost, in Cass. lix. 12; Tac. Ann. xi. 9. )
fact, akin to madness. He is said to have mur- 7. King of the Bosporus, which he received
dered his wife, of whom he was jealous, with cir- from the Romans on the expulsion of his brother
cumstances of the most shocking barbarity ; on one Mithridates. As only a few cohorts under Julius
occasion also he persuaded himself, or chose to Aquila had been left in the country to support
assert, that he was the bridegroom of the goddess the new king, who was himself young and inex-
Athena, and, having drunk deeply at what he perienced, Mithridates endeavoured to recover his
called the nuptial feast, he put to death two of his dominions by force of arms, A. D. 50; but he was
attendants successively, who had not presence of conquered and carried prisoner to Rome. (Tac.
mind or courtly tact sufficient to fall in with his Ann. xii. 15—21. )
mad humour. (Theopomp. ap. Athen. xii. pp. 531, The second of the coins figured on p. 777, a.
532 ; Suid. s. v. ; Plut. Reg. et Imp. Apophth. ) belongs to this Cotys, who is sometimes called
3. A king of the Odrysae in Thrace. He was Cotys I. , king of the Bosporus. The coin given
originally an ally of Rome, but was forced into an below belongs to Cotys II. , who reigned under
alliance against her with Perseus, to whom he Hadrian, and is mentioned by Arrian in his Peri-
gave hostages for his fidelity, and supplied a force plus. The obverse represents the head of Cotys,
of 2000 men. When Perseus was conquered by the reverse that of Hadrian. (Eckhel, ii. pp. 376,
Aemilius Paullus in B. C. 168, Bites, the son of 378. )
[E. E. ]
Cotys, was taken prisoner and carried to Rome,
and his father sent ambassadors to offer any sum
of money for his freedom, and to account for his
own conduct in having sided with Macedonia.
The Roman senate did not admit the excuse of
Cotys as a valid one, but they made a flourish of
generosity, and released the prince unransomed.
Cotys is honourably recorded as differing widely
from the generality of his countrymen in sobriety,
gentieness, and cultivation of mind. (Polyb. xxvii.
10, xxx. 12; Suid. s. 2. ; Liv. xli. 29, 51, 57, 59, CRANAEA (Kpavaia), a surname of Artemis,
67, xiii. 18, xlv. 42. )
derived from a temple on a hill near Elateia in
L
## p. 871 (#891) ############################################
CRASSINUS.
871
CRASSITIUS.
66
2
S
:
Phocis, in which the office of priest was always CRASSIPES, thick-footed," the name of a
held by youths below the age of puberty, and for patrician family of the Furia gens.
the space of five years by each youth. (Paus. X. 1. M. Furius Crassiles, was one of the three
34. & 4. )
(L. S. ] commissior. ers appointed in B. c. 194 to found a
CRANA'US (Kpavabs), an autochthon and king Latin colony among the Brutii, and he with his
of Attica, who reigned at the time of the flood of colleagues accordingly led, two years afterwards,
Deucalion. He was married to Pedias, by whom 3700 foot soldiers and 300 horsemen to Vibo,
he became the father of Cranac, Cranaechme, and which had been previously called Ilipponium.
Atthis, from the last of whom Attica was believed Crassipes was elected praetor, in s. c. 187, and
to have derived its name. He was deprived of his obtained the province of Gaul. Desiring to obtain
kingdom by Amphictyon, his son-in-law, and after a pretext for a war, he deprived the Cenomani of
his death he was buried in the demos of Lamprae, their arms, though they had been guilty of no of-
where his tomb was shewn as late as the time of fence; but when this people appealed to the senate
Pausanias. (Apollod. iii. 14. S 5, &c. ; Paus. i. 2.
at Rome, Crassipes was commanded to restore
S 5, 31. S 2. )
(L. S. ] them their arms, and to depart from the province.
CRANE. (Cardea. ]
He obtained the praetorship a second time in B. C.
CRANTOR (Kpávtwp), of Soli in Cilicia, left 173, and received Sicily as his province. (Liv.
his native country, and repaired to Athens, in xxxiv. 53, xxxv. 40, xxxviii. 42, xxxix. 3, xli. 28.
order to study philosophy, where he became a s. 33, xlii. 1. )
pupil of Xenocrates and a friend of Polemo, and 2. Furius CRASSIPES, married Tullia, the
one of the most distinguished supporters of the daughter of M. Tullius Cicero, after the death of her
philosophy of the older Academy. As Xenocrates first husband, C. Piso Frugi. The marriage con-
died B. c. 315, Crantor must have come to Athens tract (sponsalia) was made on the 6th of April, B. C.
previous to that year, but we do not know the 56. She was, however, shortly afterwards divorced
date of his birth or his death. He died before from Crassipes, but at what time is uncertain ; it
Polemo and Crates, and the dropsy was the cause must have been before B. c. 50, as she was married
of his death. He left his fortune, which amounted to Dolabella in that year. Cicero notwithstanding
to twelve talents, to Arcesilaüs; and this may be continued to live on friendly terms with Crassipes,
the reason why many of Crantor's writings were and mentions to Atticus a conversation he had
ascribed by the ancients to Arcesilaus. His works had with him, when Pompey was setting out from
were very numerous. Diogenes Laërtius says, Brundisium, in B. C. 49. (Cic. ad Qu. Fr. ii. 4, v. l,
that he left behind Commentaries (unourhuara), vi. l, ad Fum. i. 7. $ 11, 9. & 20, ad Att. iv. 5, 12,
which consisted of 30,000 lines; but of these only vii. 1, ad Att. ix. 11. ) There is a letter of Cicero's
fragments have been preserved. They appear to (ad Fam. xiii. 9) addressed to Crassipes, when he
have related principally to moral subjects, and, was quaestor in Bithynia, B. c. 51, recommending
accordingly, Horace (Ep. i. 2. 4) classes him with to his notice the company that farmed the taxes in
Chrysippus as a moral philosopher, and speaks of that province.
him in a manner which proves that the writings of 3. P. Furius CRASSIPES, curule aedile, as we
Crantor were much read and generally known in learn from coins (a specimen of which is given
Rome at that time. The most popular of Crantor's below), but at what time is uncertain. The ob-
works at Rome seems to have been that “On Grief” verse of the coin annexed represents a woman's
(De Luctu, Tepl Tévdous), which was addressed to head crowned with a tower, and by the side a
his friend Hippocles on the death of his son, and foot, through a kind of jocular allusion to the name
from which Cicero seems to have taken almost the of Crassipes; on the reverse is a curule seat.
whole of the third book of his Tusculan Disputa-
tions. The philosopher Panaetius called it a
* golden” work, which deserved to be learnt by
heart word for word. (Cic. Acad. ii. 44. ) Cicero
also made great use of it while writing his cele
brated “ Consolatio" on the death of his daughter,
Tullia; and several extracts from it are preserved
in Plutarch's treatise on Consolation addressed to
Apollonius, which has come down to us.
L. CRASSITIUS, a Latin grammarian, was a
Crantor was the first of Plato's followers who native of Tarentum and a freedman, and was sur-
wrote commentaries on the works of his master. named Pasicles, which he afterwards changed into
He also made some attempts in poetry; and Dio- Pansa. He was first employed in assisting the
genes Laërtius relates, that, after sealing up a col-writers of the mimes for the stage, afterwards gare
lection of his poems, he deposited them in the lectures on grammar, and at length wrote a com-
temple of Athena in his native city, Soli. He is mentary on the obscure poem of C. Helvius Cinna,
accordingly called by the poet Theaetetus, in an entitled Smyrna, which gained him great re-
epitaph which he composed upon him, the friend nown: his praises were celebrated in an epigram
of the Muses; and we are told, that his chief fa- preserved Suetonius, but the meaning of it
vourites among the poets were Homer and Euri- is difficult to understand. He taught the sons of
pides. (Diog. Laërt. iv. 24—27; Orelli, Onom. many of the noblest families at Rome, and among
Tull. ii. p. 201; Schneider in Zimmermann's Zeit- others Julius Antonius, the son of the triumvir, but
schrift für Alterthumsuissenschaft, 1836, Nos. 104, eventually he gave up his school, in order to be
105; Kayser, De Cruntore Academico, Heidelb. compared to Verrius Flaccus, and betook himself
1841. )
(A. S. ] to the study of philosophy. (Suet. Illustr. Gramm.
CRASSI'NUS or CRASSUS, a surname borne 18 ; Weichert, Poit. Latin. Reliqu. p. 184. )
in early times by many members of the patrician It is not impossible that this Crassitins iras ori-
Claudia gens. (CLAUDIUS, p. 767. ]
ginally the siave of the Crassitius or Crassicius,
a
## p. 872 (#892) ############################################
872
CRASSUS.
CRASSUS.
mentioned by Cicero in B. c. 43 (Philipp. v. 6. I when Antony returned from that expedition, Ca-
xiii. 2) as one of the friends of Antony. His ori- nidius Crassus remained in Armenia, and conti-
ginal name would therefore have been Pasicles, nued the war against those nations with consider-
and he would have taken the name of his patronable success, for he defeated the Armenians, and
as a matter of course upon manumission. It may also the kings of the Iberians and Albanians, and
be, however, that the Crassitius mentioned by Ci penetrated as far as the Caucasus. In the cain-
cero is the same as the grammarian.
paign which Antony made against the Parthians in
CRASSUS, M. AQUI'LIUS, was practor in B. C. 36, Crassus was as unfortunate as the other
B. C. 43, and was sent by the senate into Picenum Roman gencrals, all of whom suffered great losses,
to levy troops, in order to resist Octavianus, when and were compelled to retreat. In B. C. 32, when
he marched upon the city in this year, in order to Antony resolved upon the war with Octavian,
demand the consulship. Crassus was seized in a Crassus was commissioned to lead the army, which
slave's dress, and brought to Octavianus, who did was stationed in Armenia, to the coast of the Me-
not punish him at the time, but afterwards in- diterranean. On the outbreak of the war many of
cluded his name in the proscription. (Appian, B. C. Antony's friends advised him to remove Cleopatra
iii. 93, 94. ) It is thought by some commentators from the army, but Crassus who was bribed by the
that we ought to read Acilius instead of Aquilius. queen, opposed this plan, and she accordingly ac-
If this conjecture be correct, the Crassus men- companied her lover to the fatal war. Shortly
tioned above would be the same as the Acilius, afterwards, however, Crassus also advised Antony
who was included in the proscription, and whose to send her back to Egypt, and to fight the decisive
escape is related by Appian. (B. C. iv. 39. ) battle on the land and not on the sea. This time
CRASSUS, CALPUʻRNIUS, descended from his advice was disregarded. During the battle of Ac-
the ancient family of the (Licinii? ) Crassi, con- tium, Crassus who had the command of Antony's
spired against Nerva ; but when his designs were land forces, could only act the part of a spectator.
detected, he received no punishment from the em- After the unfortunate issue of the scafight, Crassus
peror, but was merely removed to Tarentum with and his army still held out for seven days in the
his wife. Crassus was subsequently put to death. I hope that Antony would return ; but in the end
on account of his forming a conspiracy against the Crassus in despair took to flight, and followed his
life of Trajan. (Aur. Vict. Epit. 12; Dion Cass. master to Alexandria, where he informed him of
lxviij. 3, 16.
the issue of the contest and of the fate of his
CRASSUS, L. CANI'DIUS, was with Lepidus army. After the fall of Antony Crassus was put
in Gaul, in B. C. 43, when Antony was compelled to death by the command of Octavianus. He died
to seek refuge there, and was the main instru- as a coward, although in times of prosperity he had
ment in bringing about the union between the been in the habit of boasting, that death had no
armies of Lepidus and Antony. Three years terrors for him. (Cic. ad Fam. x. 21 ; Dion
later, B. C. 40, he was consul suffectus with L. Cass. xlviii. 32, xlix. 24 ; Plut. Ant. 34, 42, 56,
Cornelius Balbus, and afterwards he was one of 63, 65, 68, 71, Comparat. Dem. c. Ant. l;
the legates of Antony, whom he accompanied in Vell. Pat. ii. 85, 87; Oros. vi. 19. ) (L. S. ]
his campaign against the Parthians. In B. c. 38, CRASSUS, CLAU'DIUS. (CLAUDIUS, p. 767. ]
;
CRASSUS, LICI'NIUS.
STEMMA CRASSORUM.
(A. )
C. Licinius Varus.
1. P. Licinius Crassus, Cos. B.
