] there infused fresh vigour into the besieged, and
PHANO'STHENES (Þavoolévms), an Andrian, he appears to have contributed essentially to the
was entrusted by the Athenians, in B.
PHANO'STHENES (Þavoolévms), an Andrian, he appears to have contributed essentially to the
was entrusted by the Athenians, in B.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - c
233, h.
1067, a.
) (E.
E.
)
(ad Platon. Tim. p. 30, ed. Basil. ), that Theo PHA'NOTEUS (Þavoteus), Phocian and
pompus wrote against him, but the passage in friend of Orestes. (Soph. Elect. 45, 660. ) (L. S. )
Proclus does not prove this. Phanodemus must PHANO'THEA (Pavoléa), was the wife of
in any case have lived before the time of Augustus, the Athenian Icarius. (ICARIUS, No. 1. ) She was
as he is cited both by the grammarian Didymus said to have invented the hexameter. (Clem. Alex.
(Harpocrat. s. v. yaunala) and Dionysius of Hali- Strom. I. p. 366. ) Porphyrius designates her as
carnassus (i. 61). The birthplace of Phanodemus the Delphic priestess of Apollo (Ac pou, Stob.
would, according to a passage of Hesychius (s. v. Florileg. xxi. 26. )
(W. M. G. )
Taneo), be Tarentum, since the latter speaks both PHANTAʼSI A (Mavracia), one of those nu-
of Phanodemus and Rhinthon as Tapevtivo! ; but merous personages (in this case evidently mythic),
it has been well conjectured, that we ought in this to whom Homer is said to have been indebted for
passage to read Tapevtivos, thus making Rhinthon his poems. She was an Egyptian, the daughter of
alone the Tarentine. It is much more probable Nicarchus, an inhabitant of Memphis. She wrote
that he was a native of the little island of Icus, an account of the Trojan war, and the wanderings
one of the Cyclades, since we know that he wrote of Odysseus ; and her poems were deposited in
a special work on that island. In any case he the temple of Hephaestus at Memphis. Homer
identified himself with Attica, and speaks with procured a copy from one of the sacred scribes,
enthusiasm of its greatness and glory.
named Phanites. From this tradition, Lipsius,
Three works of Phanodemus are cited, but of while he discredits the story, infers the early
these the first was by far the most important. establishment of libraries in Egypt. (Lipsius,
1. 'Attis, which has been already spoken of. It Syntagm. Biblioth. c. 1; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. i.
must have been a work of considerable extent, as p. 208. )
(W. M. G. )
the ninth book is referred to (Harpocrat. 8. v. PHANTON (Pávrwv), of Phlius, a Pytha-
AEWKópelov). We annex a few of the passages of the gorean philosopher, one of the last of that school, a
ancient writers, in which it is quoted : a complete disciple of Philolaus and Eurytus, and, probably in
list is contained in the works of which we give his old age, contemporary with Aristoxenus, the Pe
the titles below (Athen. iii. p. 114, c. ix. p. ripatetic, B. c. 320. (lamblich. de Vit. Pythag. cc.
392, d. x. p. 437, c. xi. p. 465, a. ; Plut. Them. 35, 36; Ding. Laërt. viii. 46. ) (W. M. G. )
13, Cim. 12, 19). 2. Ancaká (Harpocrat. s. r. PHAON (páwr), the celebrated favourite of the
'Exátns vſoos). There seems no good reason for poetess Sappho. He was a boatman at Mytilene,
changing the name of Phanodemus into that of and already at an advanced age and of ugly ap-
Phanodicus in this passage of Harpocration, as pearance ; but on one occasion he very willingly,
Vossius has done, nor to adopt the alteration of and without accepting payment, carried Aphrodite
Siebelis, by which the work is assigned to Semus. across the sea, for which the goddess gave him
3. Ικιακά, an account of the island of Icus youth and beauty. After this Sappho is said to
(Steph. Byz. s. r. 'Ikós). The fragments of Pha- have fallen in love with him. (Aelian, V. H. xii.
nodemus have been collected by Siebelis, Phano- 18 ; Palaeph. 49; Lucian, Dial. Mort. 9 ; comp.
demi, Demonis, &c. , Fragmenta, Lips. 1812 (p. v. Sappho. )
(LS. )
and pp. 3—14), and by C. and Th. Müller, Frag- PHAON, a freedman of the emperor Nero, in
menta Historicorum Graecorum, Paris, 1841 (pp. whose villa in the neighbourhood of the city Nero
lxxxiii. lxxxvii. and pp. 366-370).
took refuge, when the people rose against him,
PHANOʻDICUS (Pavódikos), a Greek writer and where he met his death A. D. 68. (Suet. Ner.
of uncertain date, wrote a work entitled Ankará. 48, 49; Dion Cass. Ixiii. 28 ; Aur. Vict. Epit. 5. )
(Schol. ad Apoll. Rhod. i. 211, 419; Diog. Laërt. PHAON (adv), one of the most ancient of the
i. 31, 82. )
Greek physicians, who must have lived in or before
An inscription found at Sigeum, and written the fifth century B. C. , as he was either a contem-
boustrophedon, is referred by_Böckh to the porary or predecessor of Hippocrates. He was one
above-mentioned Phanodicus. The inscription, 1 of the persons to whom some of the ancient critics
which begins Φανοδίκου είμι του Ερμοκράτους του | attributed the treatise Περί Διαίτης Υγιεινής, Ie
Ilpokovnolov, belonged to the base of a statue i Salubri l'ictus Ratione, which forms part of the
erected to the honour of Phanodicus, and is evi-Hippocratic Collection. (HIPPOCRATES, p. 486, a. )
dently later than the time of Augustus and (Galen, Comment in Hippocr. “ De Vict. Rat. in
Tiberius, though it would at first sight appear from Morb. Acut. ” i. 17, vol. xv. p. 455. ) (W. A. G. )
the style of the writing to have been of very an- PHARA'CIDAS (papakíðas), a Lacedaemonian
cient date. (Böckh, Corp. Inscr. vol. i. n. 8. ) who commanded a fleet of thirty ships sent by the
PHANO'MACHUS (Pavóua xos), an Athenian, Spartans and their allies to the assistance of the
the son of Callimachus. He was one of the generals elder Dionysius, when Syracuse was besieged by
to whom the inhabitants of Potidaea surrendered, the Carthaginians under Himilco, B. c. 396.
B. C. 429. He was shortly afterwards the colleague Having fallen in with a squadron of Carthaginian
of Xenophon the son of Euripides, in an expedition ships, he took nine of them, and carried them
against the Chalcidians. (Thuc. ii. 70, 79 ; Diod. safely into the port of Syracuse. His arrival
xii. 47. )
[C. P. M.
] there infused fresh vigour into the besieged, and
PHANO'STHENES (Þavoolévms), an Andrian, he appears to have contributed essentially to the
was entrusted by the Athenians, in B. C. 407, with successes that followed. At the same time he
the command of four ships, and was sent to Andros lent the weight of his name and influence as the
to succeed Conon on that station. On his way, he representative of Sparta, to support the authority
fell in with two Thurian gallies, under the com- of Dionysius. (Diod. xiv. 63, 70, 72; Polyaen.
mand of Dorieus, and captured them with their i. 11. )
(E. H. B. )
crews. (Xen. Hell. i. 5. $S 18, 19; Plat. Ion, p. PHARANDA'TES (papavdárns), a Persian,
## p. 239 (#255) ############################################
PHARAX.
239
PHARNABAZUS.
son of Teaspes, commanded the Marians and Col- | Athen. xii. p. 536, b. c. ) that Pharax was much
chians in the expedition of Xerxes against Greece. addicted to luxury, and was more like a Greek of
(Her. vii. 79. ) He is mentioned again by Hero- Sicily in this respect than a Spartan.
dotus (ix. 76), as having carried off by violence a 3. A Spartan, was one of the ambassadors who
woman of Cos, and made her bis concubine. She were sent to negotiate an alliance with Athens
was rescued by the Greeks after the battle of against Thebes, in B. C. 369. (Xen. Hell. vi. 5.
Plataea.
[E E. ] 8 33. )
(E. E. )
PHARASMANES (papaouávns). 1. A king PHARIS (ápıs), a son of Hermes and the
of the Scythian tribe of the Chorasmians, who pre Danaid Philodameia, by whom he became the father
sented himself to Alexander the Great at Zariaspa of Telegone. He is the reputed founder of the town
B. C. 328, with friendly offers, which were favour of Pbarae in Messenia. (Paus. iv. 30. § 2, vii.
ably received, and an alliance concluded between 22. $ 3, where he is called Phares. ) [L. S. )
them. He promised the Macedonian king his as- PHARMACEIA (Papuáreia), the nymph of a
sistance in conquering the tribes between the Cas well with poisonous powers, near the river llissus,
pian and the Euxine seas, when Alexander should in Attica ; she is described as a playmate of Orei-
have leisure for this expedition. (Arr. Anab. iv. thyia (Plat. Phacd. p. 229, c. ; Timaeus, Lex. Plat.
15. )
$. v. ).
(L. S. )
2. A son of Phrataphernes, the satrap of Parthia PHARMA'CIDES (Papuaxides), i. e. sorceresses
and Hyrcania. (Ibid. vi. 27. )
or witches, is the name by which the Thebans de-
3. King of Iberia, contemporary with the em- signated the divinities who delayed the birth of
peror Tiberius. He assisted his brother Mithridates Heracles. (Paus. ix. 11. & 2. ) (L. S. )
to establish himself on the throne of Armenia, PHARNABA'ZUS (Þapválaços). i. Father
A. D. 35 (ARSACIDAE, Vol. I. p. 362); and when of Pharnaces (Thuc. ii. 67).
the Parthian prince Orodes attempted to dispossess 2. Son of Pharnaces, succeeded his father as
him of his newly-acquired kingdom, Pharasmanes satrap of the Persian provinces near the Helles-
assembled a large ariny, with which he totally de- pont, and it would seem from a passage in Thucy-
feated the Parthians in a pitched battle (Tac. Ann. dides (viii. 58) that his brothers were associated
vi. 32—35). At a later period (A. D. 53) he in- with him in the government (comp. Arnold and
stigated his son Rhadamistus, whose ambitious and Göller ad Thuc. l. c. ; Krueger, ad Thuc. viii. 6).
aspiring character began to give him umbrage, to Early in B. C. 412, being anxious to support the
make war upon his uncle Mithridates, and sup- Greek cities of his satrapy in their intended revolt
ported him in his enterprize ; but when Rhada- from Athens, in order that he might satisfy the
mistus was in his turn expelled by the Parthians, demand of his master, Dareius II. , for the tribute
after a short reign (A. D. 55), and took refuge again arising from them, he sent to Sparta two Greek
in his father's dominions, the old king, in order to exiles who had taken refuge at his court (Calligei-
curry favour with the Romans, who had expressed tus of Megara and Timagoras of Cyzicus), propos-
their displeasure at the proceedings of Rhadamistus, ing an alliance, and urging that a Lacedaemonian
put his son to death. (Id. ib. xii. 42—48, xiii. 6, fleet should be despatched to the Hellespont. The
37. )
(E. H. B. ] government, however, acting chiefly under the in-
PHARAX, of Ephesus, a sculptor, whom Vi- fluence of Alcibiades, decided in favour of a counter
truvius mentions as one of those artists, who application to the same effect from Tissaphernes,
failed to obtain renown, not for want of industry or the satrap of Lydia ; but, in the congress which
skill, but of good fortune (iii. Praef. & 2). [P. S. ) | the Spartans shortly after held at Corinth, it was
PHARAX (Þápaš). 1. A Spartan, father of resolved to send aid to the Hellespont after Chios
the Styphon, who was one of the prisoners taken and Lesbos should be won from Athens, and, in
by Demosthenes and Cleon at Sphacteria, in B. C. the same year, a squadron of twenty-seven ships,
425. (Thục. iv. 38. )
which had been prepared for this service, was de-
2. One of the council of ten, appointed by the spatched with orders to proceed under Clearchus to
Spartans in B. C. 418, to control Agis. At the co-operate with Pharnabazus, if it should seem fit
battle of Mantineia in that year, he restrained the to the Spartan commissioners who were sent out at
Lacedaemonians from presaing too much on the the same time to inquire into the conduct of Astyo-
defeated enemy, and so running the risk of driving chus (Thuc. viii. 6, 8, 39). Nothing, however,
them to despair (Thuc. v. 63, &c. ; Diod. xii. 79; appears to have been attempted by the Lacedae
Wess. ad loc. ). Diodorus speaks of him as having monians in this quarter till the spring of 411, when
been high in dignity among his countrymen, and DERCYLLIDAS marched thither, and, being joined
Pausanias (vi. 3) tells us that he was one of those by Pharnabazus, gained possession of Abydus, and,
to whom the Ephesians erected a statue in the for a time, of Lampsacus. In the following sum-
temple of Artemis, after the close of the Pelopon- mer, as Pharnabazus promised to maintain any
nesian war. He seems to have been the same force which might come to his aid, and the supplies
person who was admiral in B. c. 397, and co-ope- from Tissaphernes were more grudgingly and scan-
rated with Dercyllidas in his invasion of Caria, tily furnished, the Spartans sent forty ships under
where the private property of Tissaphernes lay Clearchus to the Hellespont, of which ien only
[DERCYLLIDAS). In B. C. 396 he laid siege, with arrived there ; but, the samne motives still conti-
120 ships, to Caunus, where Conon was then nuing to operate with them, and the duplicity of
stationed ; but he was compelled to withdraw by Tissaphernes becoming more and more apparent, the
the approach of a large force under Pharnabazus whole armament under Mindarus soon after left
and Artaphernes, according to Diodorus, in whom Miletus and sailed northward to unite itself with
however the latter name appears to be a mistake Pharnabazus (Thue. viii. 61, 62, 80, 99—109). In
for Tissaphernes (Xen. Hell. iii. 2. $S 12. &c. ; the battle between the Athenian and Lacedaemonian
Diod. xiv. 79 ; Paus. vi. 7; Thirlwall's Greece, fleets, which was fought near Abydus in the same
vol. iv. p. 411). We learn from Theopompus (ap. 1 year (B. C, 411), and in which the Aihenians were via
## p. 240 (#256) ############################################
240
PHARNABAZUS.
PIARNABAZUS.
torious, Pharnabazus distinguished himself grently invested by Artaxerxes in Asia Minor, as a reward
by his zeal in behalf of his allies, urging his horse for his services in the war with Cyrus, naturally
into the sea, and fighting as long as possible (Xen. excited the jealousy of Pharnabazus ; and the
Hell. i. 1. $ 6; Diod. xiii. 46 ; Plut. Alc.
(ad Platon. Tim. p. 30, ed. Basil. ), that Theo PHA'NOTEUS (Þavoteus), Phocian and
pompus wrote against him, but the passage in friend of Orestes. (Soph. Elect. 45, 660. ) (L. S. )
Proclus does not prove this. Phanodemus must PHANO'THEA (Pavoléa), was the wife of
in any case have lived before the time of Augustus, the Athenian Icarius. (ICARIUS, No. 1. ) She was
as he is cited both by the grammarian Didymus said to have invented the hexameter. (Clem. Alex.
(Harpocrat. s. v. yaunala) and Dionysius of Hali- Strom. I. p. 366. ) Porphyrius designates her as
carnassus (i. 61). The birthplace of Phanodemus the Delphic priestess of Apollo (Ac pou, Stob.
would, according to a passage of Hesychius (s. v. Florileg. xxi. 26. )
(W. M. G. )
Taneo), be Tarentum, since the latter speaks both PHANTAʼSI A (Mavracia), one of those nu-
of Phanodemus and Rhinthon as Tapevtivo! ; but merous personages (in this case evidently mythic),
it has been well conjectured, that we ought in this to whom Homer is said to have been indebted for
passage to read Tapevtivos, thus making Rhinthon his poems. She was an Egyptian, the daughter of
alone the Tarentine. It is much more probable Nicarchus, an inhabitant of Memphis. She wrote
that he was a native of the little island of Icus, an account of the Trojan war, and the wanderings
one of the Cyclades, since we know that he wrote of Odysseus ; and her poems were deposited in
a special work on that island. In any case he the temple of Hephaestus at Memphis. Homer
identified himself with Attica, and speaks with procured a copy from one of the sacred scribes,
enthusiasm of its greatness and glory.
named Phanites. From this tradition, Lipsius,
Three works of Phanodemus are cited, but of while he discredits the story, infers the early
these the first was by far the most important. establishment of libraries in Egypt. (Lipsius,
1. 'Attis, which has been already spoken of. It Syntagm. Biblioth. c. 1; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. i.
must have been a work of considerable extent, as p. 208. )
(W. M. G. )
the ninth book is referred to (Harpocrat. 8. v. PHANTON (Pávrwv), of Phlius, a Pytha-
AEWKópelov). We annex a few of the passages of the gorean philosopher, one of the last of that school, a
ancient writers, in which it is quoted : a complete disciple of Philolaus and Eurytus, and, probably in
list is contained in the works of which we give his old age, contemporary with Aristoxenus, the Pe
the titles below (Athen. iii. p. 114, c. ix. p. ripatetic, B. c. 320. (lamblich. de Vit. Pythag. cc.
392, d. x. p. 437, c. xi. p. 465, a. ; Plut. Them. 35, 36; Ding. Laërt. viii. 46. ) (W. M. G. )
13, Cim. 12, 19). 2. Ancaká (Harpocrat. s. r. PHAON (páwr), the celebrated favourite of the
'Exátns vſoos). There seems no good reason for poetess Sappho. He was a boatman at Mytilene,
changing the name of Phanodemus into that of and already at an advanced age and of ugly ap-
Phanodicus in this passage of Harpocration, as pearance ; but on one occasion he very willingly,
Vossius has done, nor to adopt the alteration of and without accepting payment, carried Aphrodite
Siebelis, by which the work is assigned to Semus. across the sea, for which the goddess gave him
3. Ικιακά, an account of the island of Icus youth and beauty. After this Sappho is said to
(Steph. Byz. s. r. 'Ikós). The fragments of Pha- have fallen in love with him. (Aelian, V. H. xii.
nodemus have been collected by Siebelis, Phano- 18 ; Palaeph. 49; Lucian, Dial. Mort. 9 ; comp.
demi, Demonis, &c. , Fragmenta, Lips. 1812 (p. v. Sappho. )
(LS. )
and pp. 3—14), and by C. and Th. Müller, Frag- PHAON, a freedman of the emperor Nero, in
menta Historicorum Graecorum, Paris, 1841 (pp. whose villa in the neighbourhood of the city Nero
lxxxiii. lxxxvii. and pp. 366-370).
took refuge, when the people rose against him,
PHANOʻDICUS (Pavódikos), a Greek writer and where he met his death A. D. 68. (Suet. Ner.
of uncertain date, wrote a work entitled Ankará. 48, 49; Dion Cass. Ixiii. 28 ; Aur. Vict. Epit. 5. )
(Schol. ad Apoll. Rhod. i. 211, 419; Diog. Laërt. PHAON (adv), one of the most ancient of the
i. 31, 82. )
Greek physicians, who must have lived in or before
An inscription found at Sigeum, and written the fifth century B. C. , as he was either a contem-
boustrophedon, is referred by_Böckh to the porary or predecessor of Hippocrates. He was one
above-mentioned Phanodicus. The inscription, 1 of the persons to whom some of the ancient critics
which begins Φανοδίκου είμι του Ερμοκράτους του | attributed the treatise Περί Διαίτης Υγιεινής, Ie
Ilpokovnolov, belonged to the base of a statue i Salubri l'ictus Ratione, which forms part of the
erected to the honour of Phanodicus, and is evi-Hippocratic Collection. (HIPPOCRATES, p. 486, a. )
dently later than the time of Augustus and (Galen, Comment in Hippocr. “ De Vict. Rat. in
Tiberius, though it would at first sight appear from Morb. Acut. ” i. 17, vol. xv. p. 455. ) (W. A. G. )
the style of the writing to have been of very an- PHARA'CIDAS (papakíðas), a Lacedaemonian
cient date. (Böckh, Corp. Inscr. vol. i. n. 8. ) who commanded a fleet of thirty ships sent by the
PHANO'MACHUS (Pavóua xos), an Athenian, Spartans and their allies to the assistance of the
the son of Callimachus. He was one of the generals elder Dionysius, when Syracuse was besieged by
to whom the inhabitants of Potidaea surrendered, the Carthaginians under Himilco, B. c. 396.
B. C. 429. He was shortly afterwards the colleague Having fallen in with a squadron of Carthaginian
of Xenophon the son of Euripides, in an expedition ships, he took nine of them, and carried them
against the Chalcidians. (Thuc. ii. 70, 79 ; Diod. safely into the port of Syracuse. His arrival
xii. 47. )
[C. P. M.
] there infused fresh vigour into the besieged, and
PHANO'STHENES (Þavoolévms), an Andrian, he appears to have contributed essentially to the
was entrusted by the Athenians, in B. C. 407, with successes that followed. At the same time he
the command of four ships, and was sent to Andros lent the weight of his name and influence as the
to succeed Conon on that station. On his way, he representative of Sparta, to support the authority
fell in with two Thurian gallies, under the com- of Dionysius. (Diod. xiv. 63, 70, 72; Polyaen.
mand of Dorieus, and captured them with their i. 11. )
(E. H. B. )
crews. (Xen. Hell. i. 5. $S 18, 19; Plat. Ion, p. PHARANDA'TES (papavdárns), a Persian,
## p. 239 (#255) ############################################
PHARAX.
239
PHARNABAZUS.
son of Teaspes, commanded the Marians and Col- | Athen. xii. p. 536, b. c. ) that Pharax was much
chians in the expedition of Xerxes against Greece. addicted to luxury, and was more like a Greek of
(Her. vii. 79. ) He is mentioned again by Hero- Sicily in this respect than a Spartan.
dotus (ix. 76), as having carried off by violence a 3. A Spartan, was one of the ambassadors who
woman of Cos, and made her bis concubine. She were sent to negotiate an alliance with Athens
was rescued by the Greeks after the battle of against Thebes, in B. C. 369. (Xen. Hell. vi. 5.
Plataea.
[E E. ] 8 33. )
(E. E. )
PHARASMANES (papaouávns). 1. A king PHARIS (ápıs), a son of Hermes and the
of the Scythian tribe of the Chorasmians, who pre Danaid Philodameia, by whom he became the father
sented himself to Alexander the Great at Zariaspa of Telegone. He is the reputed founder of the town
B. C. 328, with friendly offers, which were favour of Pbarae in Messenia. (Paus. iv. 30. § 2, vii.
ably received, and an alliance concluded between 22. $ 3, where he is called Phares. ) [L. S. )
them. He promised the Macedonian king his as- PHARMACEIA (Papuáreia), the nymph of a
sistance in conquering the tribes between the Cas well with poisonous powers, near the river llissus,
pian and the Euxine seas, when Alexander should in Attica ; she is described as a playmate of Orei-
have leisure for this expedition. (Arr. Anab. iv. thyia (Plat. Phacd. p. 229, c. ; Timaeus, Lex. Plat.
15. )
$. v. ).
(L. S. )
2. A son of Phrataphernes, the satrap of Parthia PHARMA'CIDES (Papuaxides), i. e. sorceresses
and Hyrcania. (Ibid. vi. 27. )
or witches, is the name by which the Thebans de-
3. King of Iberia, contemporary with the em- signated the divinities who delayed the birth of
peror Tiberius. He assisted his brother Mithridates Heracles. (Paus. ix. 11. & 2. ) (L. S. )
to establish himself on the throne of Armenia, PHARNABA'ZUS (Þapválaços). i. Father
A. D. 35 (ARSACIDAE, Vol. I. p. 362); and when of Pharnaces (Thuc. ii. 67).
the Parthian prince Orodes attempted to dispossess 2. Son of Pharnaces, succeeded his father as
him of his newly-acquired kingdom, Pharasmanes satrap of the Persian provinces near the Helles-
assembled a large ariny, with which he totally de- pont, and it would seem from a passage in Thucy-
feated the Parthians in a pitched battle (Tac. Ann. dides (viii. 58) that his brothers were associated
vi. 32—35). At a later period (A. D. 53) he in- with him in the government (comp. Arnold and
stigated his son Rhadamistus, whose ambitious and Göller ad Thuc. l. c. ; Krueger, ad Thuc. viii. 6).
aspiring character began to give him umbrage, to Early in B. C. 412, being anxious to support the
make war upon his uncle Mithridates, and sup- Greek cities of his satrapy in their intended revolt
ported him in his enterprize ; but when Rhada- from Athens, in order that he might satisfy the
mistus was in his turn expelled by the Parthians, demand of his master, Dareius II. , for the tribute
after a short reign (A. D. 55), and took refuge again arising from them, he sent to Sparta two Greek
in his father's dominions, the old king, in order to exiles who had taken refuge at his court (Calligei-
curry favour with the Romans, who had expressed tus of Megara and Timagoras of Cyzicus), propos-
their displeasure at the proceedings of Rhadamistus, ing an alliance, and urging that a Lacedaemonian
put his son to death. (Id. ib. xii. 42—48, xiii. 6, fleet should be despatched to the Hellespont. The
37. )
(E. H. B. ] government, however, acting chiefly under the in-
PHARAX, of Ephesus, a sculptor, whom Vi- fluence of Alcibiades, decided in favour of a counter
truvius mentions as one of those artists, who application to the same effect from Tissaphernes,
failed to obtain renown, not for want of industry or the satrap of Lydia ; but, in the congress which
skill, but of good fortune (iii. Praef. & 2). [P. S. ) | the Spartans shortly after held at Corinth, it was
PHARAX (Þápaš). 1. A Spartan, father of resolved to send aid to the Hellespont after Chios
the Styphon, who was one of the prisoners taken and Lesbos should be won from Athens, and, in
by Demosthenes and Cleon at Sphacteria, in B. C. the same year, a squadron of twenty-seven ships,
425. (Thục. iv. 38. )
which had been prepared for this service, was de-
2. One of the council of ten, appointed by the spatched with orders to proceed under Clearchus to
Spartans in B. C. 418, to control Agis. At the co-operate with Pharnabazus, if it should seem fit
battle of Mantineia in that year, he restrained the to the Spartan commissioners who were sent out at
Lacedaemonians from presaing too much on the the same time to inquire into the conduct of Astyo-
defeated enemy, and so running the risk of driving chus (Thuc. viii. 6, 8, 39). Nothing, however,
them to despair (Thuc. v. 63, &c. ; Diod. xii. 79; appears to have been attempted by the Lacedae
Wess. ad loc. ). Diodorus speaks of him as having monians in this quarter till the spring of 411, when
been high in dignity among his countrymen, and DERCYLLIDAS marched thither, and, being joined
Pausanias (vi. 3) tells us that he was one of those by Pharnabazus, gained possession of Abydus, and,
to whom the Ephesians erected a statue in the for a time, of Lampsacus. In the following sum-
temple of Artemis, after the close of the Pelopon- mer, as Pharnabazus promised to maintain any
nesian war. He seems to have been the same force which might come to his aid, and the supplies
person who was admiral in B. c. 397, and co-ope- from Tissaphernes were more grudgingly and scan-
rated with Dercyllidas in his invasion of Caria, tily furnished, the Spartans sent forty ships under
where the private property of Tissaphernes lay Clearchus to the Hellespont, of which ien only
[DERCYLLIDAS). In B. C. 396 he laid siege, with arrived there ; but, the samne motives still conti-
120 ships, to Caunus, where Conon was then nuing to operate with them, and the duplicity of
stationed ; but he was compelled to withdraw by Tissaphernes becoming more and more apparent, the
the approach of a large force under Pharnabazus whole armament under Mindarus soon after left
and Artaphernes, according to Diodorus, in whom Miletus and sailed northward to unite itself with
however the latter name appears to be a mistake Pharnabazus (Thue. viii. 61, 62, 80, 99—109). In
for Tissaphernes (Xen. Hell. iii. 2. $S 12. &c. ; the battle between the Athenian and Lacedaemonian
Diod. xiv. 79 ; Paus. vi. 7; Thirlwall's Greece, fleets, which was fought near Abydus in the same
vol. iv. p. 411). We learn from Theopompus (ap. 1 year (B. C, 411), and in which the Aihenians were via
## p. 240 (#256) ############################################
240
PHARNABAZUS.
PIARNABAZUS.
torious, Pharnabazus distinguished himself grently invested by Artaxerxes in Asia Minor, as a reward
by his zeal in behalf of his allies, urging his horse for his services in the war with Cyrus, naturally
into the sea, and fighting as long as possible (Xen. excited the jealousy of Pharnabazus ; and the
Hell. i. 1. $ 6; Diod. xiii. 46 ; Plut. Alc.
