Archelaus
again crossed over into Boeotim, and in
(Ael.
(Ael.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - a
The will of Herod was, however, rati-
one of them, the other two Aed for refuge to fed in its main points by Augustus, and in the
Olynthus. According to Justin, the protection division of the kingdom Archelaus received Judaen,
which they obtained there gave occasion to the Samaria, and Idumaer, with the title of Ethnarch,
Olynthian war, B. C. 349; and on the capture of and a promise of that of king should he be found
the city, B. C. 347, the two princes fell into Philip's to deserve it. (Ant. xvii. 9, 11; Bell. Jud. ij.
bands and were put to death. (Just. vii. 4, viii. 2, 6; Euseb. Hist
. Ecc. i. 9; comp. Luke, xix.
[E. E. ) 12–27. ) On his return from Rome he set the
ARCHELA'US, bishop of CAESARRIA in Cap Jewish law at defiance by his marriage with
padocia, wrote a work against the heresy of the Glaphyra (daughter of Archelaus, king of Cappado-
Messalians, which is referred to by Photius. (Cod. cia), the widow of his brother Alexander, by
52. ) Cave places him at 440 . D. (Hist
. Lit. whom she had children living (Levit. xviii. 16, xx.
[P. S. )
21; Deut. xxv. 5); and, his general government
ARCHELA'US, KING OP CAPPADOCIA. (Ar- being most tyrannical
, he was again accused before
chelaus, general of Mithridates, No. 4, p. 263. ) Augustus by the Jews in the 10th year of his
ARCHELA'US, bishop of CARRHA in Meso reim (a. D. 7), and, as he was unable to clear
potamia, A. D. 278, held a public dispute with the himself from their charges, he was banished to
heretic Manes
, an account of which he published Vienna in Gaul, where he died. (Ant. xvi. 13 ;
in Syriac. The work was soon translated both Bell. Jud. ii. 7. ^ 3; Strab. xvi. p. 765 ; Dion
into Greck and into Latin. (Socrates, H. E. i. 22; Cass. Ir. 27; Euseb. Hist. Ecc. i. 9. ) [E. E. )
Hieron. de Vir. Illustr. 72. ) A large fragment of ARCHELA'US ('Apxénaos), king of MACE-
the Latin version was published by Valesius, in his DONIA from B. C. 413 to 399. According to Plato,
edition of Socrates and Sozomen.
The same ver-
he was an illegitimate son of Perdiccas II. and ob-
sion, almost entire, was again printed, with the tained the throne by the murder of his uncle Alce
fragments of the Greek version, by Zaccagnius, tas, his cousin, and his half-brother (Plat. Gorg.
in his Collect. Monument. Vet. , Rom. 1698, and by p. 471; Athen. r. p. 217, d. ; Acl. V. II. xii. 43),
Fabricius in his edition of Hippolytus. [P. S. ] further strengthening himself by marriage with
ARCHELA'US ('Apxénaos), a Greek GEOGRA- Cleopatra, his father's widow. (Plat. Gorg. p. 471,
PAER, who wrote a work in which he described all c. ; Aristot. Potit, v. 10, ed. Bekk. ) Nor does there
the countries which Alexander the Great had tra- appear to be any valid reason for rejecting this
versed. (Diog. Laert. ii. 17. ) This statement would story, in spite of the silence of Thucydides, wlio
3. )
sub. ann. )
## p. 262 (#282) ############################################
262
ARCHELAUS.
ARCHELAUS.
had 110 occasion to refer to it, and of the remarks rived in Greece, and immediately inarched towards
of Athenaeus, who ascribes it to Plato's love of scan- Attica. As he was passing through Boeotin, Thebes
dal. (Thuc. ii. 100; Athen. xi. p. 506, a. e. ; Mitford, deserted the cause of Archelaus, and joined the
Gr. Hist. ch. 34, sec. 1 ; Thirlwall
, Gr. Hust
. vol. v. komans. On his arrival in Attica, he sent a purt
p. 157. ) In B. c. 410 Pydna revolted from Archelaus, of his army to besiege Aristion in Athens, while
but he reduced it with the aid of an Athenian squa- he himself with his main force went straight on to
dron under Theramenes, and the better to retain it, Peiraeeus, where Archelaus had retreated within
in subjection, rebuilt it at a distance of about two the walls. Archelaus maintained himself during a
miles from the coast. (Diod. xiii. 49 ; Wess. ad long-protracted siege, until in the end, Sulla des
loc. ) In another war, in which he was involved pairing of success in Peiraeeus turned against
with Sirrhas and Arthabaens, be purchased peace Athens itself. The city was soon taken, and then
by giving his daughter in marriage to the former. fresh attacks made upon Peiraeeus, with such suc-
(Aristot. Polit. 1. c. ; comp. Thirlwall, Gr. Hist. vol. cess, that Archelaus was obliged to withdraw to
v. p. 158. ) For the internal improvement and se the most impregnable part of the place. In the
curity of his kingdom, as well as for its future meanwhile, Mithridates sent fresh reinforcements
greatness, he effectually provided by building fort to Archelaus, and on their arrival he withdrew
resses, forming roads, and increasing the army to a with them into Boeotia, B. c. 86, and there assem-
stronger force than had been known under any of bled all his forces. Sulla followed him, and in the
the former kings. (Thuc. ii. 100. ) He established neighbourhood of Chaeroneia a battle ensued, in
also at Aegae (Arr. Anab. i. p. 11, f. ) or at Dium which the Romans gained such a complete victory,
(Diod. xvii. 16; Wess. ad Triod. xvi. 55), public that of the 120,000 men with whom Archelaus had
games, and a festival which he dedicated to the opened the campaign no more than 10,000 assem-
Muses and called “Olympian. " His love of litera- i bled at Chalcis in Euboea, where Archelaus had
ture, science, and the fine arts is well known. His taken refuge. Sulla pursued his enemy as far as
palace was adorned with magnificent paintings by the coast of the Euripus, but having no fleet, he
Zeuxis (Ael. V. H. xiv. 17); and Euripides, Aga- was obliged to allow him to make his predatory
thon, and other men of eminence, were among his excursions among the islands, from which, bow-
guests. (Ael. V. H. ii. 21, xiii. 4; Kühn, ad Ael. ever, he afterwards was obliged to return to Chalcis.
V. H. xiv. 17; Schol. ad Aristoph. Ran. 85. ) But Mithridates had in the meantime collected a fresh
the tastes and the (so-called) refinement thus intro- army of 80,000 men, which Doryalus or Dorflaus
duced failed at least to prevent, even if they did led to Archelaus. With these increased forces,
not foster, the great moral corruption of the court.
Archelaus again crossed over into Boeotim, and in
(Ael. U. cc. ) Socrates himself received an invita- the neighbourhood of Orchomenos was completely
tion from Archelaus, but refused it, according to defeated by Sulla in a battle which lasted for two
Aristotle (Rhet. ii. 23. $ 8), that he might not sub days. Archelaus himself was concealed for three
ject himself to the degradation of receiving favours days after in the marshes, until he got a vessel
which he could not return. Possibly, too, he was which carried him over to Chalcis, where he col-
influenced by disgust at the corruption above al lected the few remnants of his forces. When
luded to, and contempt for the king's character. Mithridates, who was himself hard pressed in Asia
(Ael. V. H. xiv. 17. ) We read in Diodorus, that by C. Fimbria, was informed of this defeat, he
Archelaus was accidentally slain on a hunting party commissioned Archelaus to negotiate for peace on
by his favourite, Craterus or Crateuas (Diod. xiv. honourable terms, B. C. 85. Archelaus accordingly
37; Wess. ad loc. ); but according to other accounts bad an interview with Sulla at Delium in Boeotia.
of apparently better authority, Čraterus murdered Sulla's attempt to make Archelaus betray his mas-
him, either from ambition, or from disgust at his ter was rejected with indignation, and Archelaus
odious vices, or from revenge for his having broken confined himself to concluding a preliminary treaty
his promise of giving him one of his daughters in which was to be binding if it received the sanction
marriage. (Aristot. Polit. v. 10, ed. Bekk; Ael. of Mithridates. While waiting for the king's an-
V. H. viii. 9; Pseud. - Plat. Alcib. ii. p. 141. ) [E. E. ) swer, Sulla made an expedition against some of the
ARCHELA'US ('Apxércos), a general of Mith- barbarous tribes which at the time infested Mace-
RIDATES, and the greatest that he had. He was a donia, and was accompanied by Archelaus, for
native of Cappadocia, and the first time that his whom he had conceived great esteem.
In his an-
name occurs is in B. c. 88, when he and his brother swer, Mithridates refused to surrender his fleet,
Neoptolemus had the command against Nicomedes which Archelaus, in his interview with Sulla, had
III. of Bithynia, whom they defeated near the likewise refused to do; and when Sulla would not
river Amnius in Paphlagonia. In the next year conclude peace on any other terms, Archelaus bim-
he was sent by Mithridates with a large fleet and self, who was exceedingly anxious that peace should
army into Greece, where he reduced several islands, be concluded, set out for Asia, and brought about
and after persuading the Athenians to abandon the a meeting of Sulla and his king at Dardanus in
cause of the Romans, he soon gained for Mithri- Troas, at which peace was agreed upon, on condi-
dates nearly the whole of Greece south of Thessaly. tion that each party should remain in possession of
In Boeotia, however, he met Bruttius Sura, the what had belonged to them before the war. This
legate of Sextius, the governor of Macedonia, with peace was in so far unfavourable to Mithridates, as
whom he had during three days a hard struggle he had made all his enormous sacrifices for nothing;
in the neighbourhood of Chaeroneia, until at last, and when Mithridates began to feel that he had
on the arrival of Lacedaemonian and Achaean made greater concessions than he ought, he also
auxiliaries for Archelaus, the Roman general with began to suspect Archelaus of treachery, and the
drew to Peiraeeus, which however was blockades laiter, fearing for his life, deserted to the Romans
and taken possession of by Archelaus. In the just before the outbreak of the second Mithridatic
meantime, Sulla, to whom the command of the war, B. c. 81. He stimulated Murena not to wait
war against Mithridates had been given, had ar- for the attack of the king, but to begin hostilities
## p. 263 (#283) ############################################
ARCHELAUS.
263
ARCHELAUS.
a
at once. From this moment Archelaus is no more | been a surname of Archelaus. During the war
mentioned in history, but several writers state in between Antony and Octavianus, Archelaus was
cidentally, that he was honoured by the Roman among the allies of the former. (Plut. Ant. 61. )
senate. (Appian, de Bell. Mithrid. 17–64 ; Plut. After his victory over Antony, Octavianus not
Sull. 11-24; Liv. Epit. 81 and 82; Vell
. Pat. only left Archelaus in the possession of his king-
ii. 25; Florus, iii. 5; Oros. vi. 2; Paus. i. 20. § 3, dom (Dion Cass. li. 3), but subsequently added to
&c. ; Aurel. Vict. de Vir. Illustr. 75, 76; Dion Cass. it a part of Cilicia and Lesser Armenia. (Dion
Frugin. n. 173, ed. Reimar. ; Sallust. Fragm. Hist. Cass. liv. 9; Strab. xii. p. 534, &c. ) On one oc-
lib. iv. )
casion, during the reign of Augustus, accusations
2. A son of the preceding. (Strab. xvii. p. 796; were brought before the emperor against Archelaus
Dion Cass. xxxix. 57. ) In the year B. C. 63, by his own subjects, and Tiberius defended the
Pompey raised him to the dignity of priest of the king. (Dion Cass. Ivii. 17; Suet. Tib. 8. ) But after-
goddess (Enyo or Bellona) at Comana, which was, wards Tiberius entertained great hatred of Arche-
according to Strabo, in Pontus, and according to laus, the cause of which was jealousy, as Archelaus
Hirtius (de Bell. Alex. 66), in Cappadocia. The had paid greater attentions to Caius Caesar than to
dignity of priest of the goddess at Comana conferred him. (Comp. Tacit. Annal. ii. 42. ) When there-
upon the person who held it the power of a king fore Tiberius had ascended the throne, be enticed
over the place and its immediate vicinity. (Appian, Archelaus to come to Rome, and then accused him
de Bell. Mithr. 114; Strab. l. c. , xii. p. 558. ) In in the senate of harbouring revolutionary schemes
B. c. 56, when A. Gabinius, the proconsul of Syria, hoping to get bim condemned to death. But Ar-
was making preparations for a war against the chelaus was then at such an advanced age, or at
Parthians, Archelaus went to Syria and offered to least pretended to be so, that it appeared unneces
take part in the war; but this plan was soon aban- sary to take away his life. He was, however,
doned, as other prospects opened before him. Be- obliged to remain at Rome, where he died soon
renice, the daughter of Ptolemy Auletes, who after after, A. D. 17. Cappadocia was then made a
the expulsion of her father bad become queen of Roman province. (Dion Cass. , Tacit. ll. cc. ; Suet.
Egypt, wished to marry a prince of royal blood, Tib. 37, Calig. 1; Strab. xii. p. 534. ) (J. . S. )
and Archelaus, pretending to be a son of Mithri- The annexed coin of Archelaus contains on the
dates Eupator, sued for her band, and succeeded. reverse a club and the inscription BAZIAENS AP-
(Strab. U. cc. ; Dion Cass. l. c. ) According to Strabo, XEAAOT PIA(A? )ONATPIAOE TOT KTIETOT.
the Roman senate would not permit Archelaus to He is called itlotns, according to Eckhel (iii
. p.
take part in the war against Parthia, and Arche 201), on account of his having founded the city of
laus left Gabinius in secret ; whereas, according to Eleusa in an island of the same name, off the coast
Dion Cassius, Gabinius was induced by bribes to of Cilicia (Comp. Joseph. Ant. xvi. 4. & 6. )
assist Archelaus in his suit for the hand of Bere
nice, while at the same time he received bribes
from Ptolemy Auletes on the understanding that
he would restore him to his throne. Archelaus
enjoyed the honour of king of Egypt only for six
months, for Gabinius kept his promise to Ptolemy,
and in B. c. 55 he marched with an army into
Egypt, and in the battle which ensued, Archelaus
lost his crown and his life. His daughter too was
put to death. (Strab. U. cc. ; Dion Cass. xxxix. 58; ARCHELA'US ('Apxéxaos), a PHILOSOPHER
Liv. Epit. lib. 105; Cic. pro Rabir. Post. 8; Val. of the Ionian school, called Physicus from baring
Max. z. 1, extern. 6. ) M. Antonius, who had been been the first to teach at Athens the physical doc-
connected with the family of Archelans by ties of trines of that philosophy.
one of them, the other two Aed for refuge to fed in its main points by Augustus, and in the
Olynthus. According to Justin, the protection division of the kingdom Archelaus received Judaen,
which they obtained there gave occasion to the Samaria, and Idumaer, with the title of Ethnarch,
Olynthian war, B. C. 349; and on the capture of and a promise of that of king should he be found
the city, B. C. 347, the two princes fell into Philip's to deserve it. (Ant. xvii. 9, 11; Bell. Jud. ij.
bands and were put to death. (Just. vii. 4, viii. 2, 6; Euseb. Hist
. Ecc. i. 9; comp. Luke, xix.
[E. E. ) 12–27. ) On his return from Rome he set the
ARCHELA'US, bishop of CAESARRIA in Cap Jewish law at defiance by his marriage with
padocia, wrote a work against the heresy of the Glaphyra (daughter of Archelaus, king of Cappado-
Messalians, which is referred to by Photius. (Cod. cia), the widow of his brother Alexander, by
52. ) Cave places him at 440 . D. (Hist
. Lit. whom she had children living (Levit. xviii. 16, xx.
[P. S. )
21; Deut. xxv. 5); and, his general government
ARCHELA'US, KING OP CAPPADOCIA. (Ar- being most tyrannical
, he was again accused before
chelaus, general of Mithridates, No. 4, p. 263. ) Augustus by the Jews in the 10th year of his
ARCHELA'US, bishop of CARRHA in Meso reim (a. D. 7), and, as he was unable to clear
potamia, A. D. 278, held a public dispute with the himself from their charges, he was banished to
heretic Manes
, an account of which he published Vienna in Gaul, where he died. (Ant. xvi. 13 ;
in Syriac. The work was soon translated both Bell. Jud. ii. 7. ^ 3; Strab. xvi. p. 765 ; Dion
into Greck and into Latin. (Socrates, H. E. i. 22; Cass. Ir. 27; Euseb. Hist. Ecc. i. 9. ) [E. E. )
Hieron. de Vir. Illustr. 72. ) A large fragment of ARCHELA'US ('Apxénaos), king of MACE-
the Latin version was published by Valesius, in his DONIA from B. C. 413 to 399. According to Plato,
edition of Socrates and Sozomen.
The same ver-
he was an illegitimate son of Perdiccas II. and ob-
sion, almost entire, was again printed, with the tained the throne by the murder of his uncle Alce
fragments of the Greek version, by Zaccagnius, tas, his cousin, and his half-brother (Plat. Gorg.
in his Collect. Monument. Vet. , Rom. 1698, and by p. 471; Athen. r. p. 217, d. ; Acl. V. II. xii. 43),
Fabricius in his edition of Hippolytus. [P. S. ] further strengthening himself by marriage with
ARCHELA'US ('Apxénaos), a Greek GEOGRA- Cleopatra, his father's widow. (Plat. Gorg. p. 471,
PAER, who wrote a work in which he described all c. ; Aristot. Potit, v. 10, ed. Bekk. ) Nor does there
the countries which Alexander the Great had tra- appear to be any valid reason for rejecting this
versed. (Diog. Laert. ii. 17. ) This statement would story, in spite of the silence of Thucydides, wlio
3. )
sub. ann. )
## p. 262 (#282) ############################################
262
ARCHELAUS.
ARCHELAUS.
had 110 occasion to refer to it, and of the remarks rived in Greece, and immediately inarched towards
of Athenaeus, who ascribes it to Plato's love of scan- Attica. As he was passing through Boeotin, Thebes
dal. (Thuc. ii. 100; Athen. xi. p. 506, a. e. ; Mitford, deserted the cause of Archelaus, and joined the
Gr. Hist. ch. 34, sec. 1 ; Thirlwall
, Gr. Hust
. vol. v. komans. On his arrival in Attica, he sent a purt
p. 157. ) In B. c. 410 Pydna revolted from Archelaus, of his army to besiege Aristion in Athens, while
but he reduced it with the aid of an Athenian squa- he himself with his main force went straight on to
dron under Theramenes, and the better to retain it, Peiraeeus, where Archelaus had retreated within
in subjection, rebuilt it at a distance of about two the walls. Archelaus maintained himself during a
miles from the coast. (Diod. xiii. 49 ; Wess. ad long-protracted siege, until in the end, Sulla des
loc. ) In another war, in which he was involved pairing of success in Peiraeeus turned against
with Sirrhas and Arthabaens, be purchased peace Athens itself. The city was soon taken, and then
by giving his daughter in marriage to the former. fresh attacks made upon Peiraeeus, with such suc-
(Aristot. Polit. 1. c. ; comp. Thirlwall, Gr. Hist. vol. cess, that Archelaus was obliged to withdraw to
v. p. 158. ) For the internal improvement and se the most impregnable part of the place. In the
curity of his kingdom, as well as for its future meanwhile, Mithridates sent fresh reinforcements
greatness, he effectually provided by building fort to Archelaus, and on their arrival he withdrew
resses, forming roads, and increasing the army to a with them into Boeotia, B. c. 86, and there assem-
stronger force than had been known under any of bled all his forces. Sulla followed him, and in the
the former kings. (Thuc. ii. 100. ) He established neighbourhood of Chaeroneia a battle ensued, in
also at Aegae (Arr. Anab. i. p. 11, f. ) or at Dium which the Romans gained such a complete victory,
(Diod. xvii. 16; Wess. ad Triod. xvi. 55), public that of the 120,000 men with whom Archelaus had
games, and a festival which he dedicated to the opened the campaign no more than 10,000 assem-
Muses and called “Olympian. " His love of litera- i bled at Chalcis in Euboea, where Archelaus had
ture, science, and the fine arts is well known. His taken refuge. Sulla pursued his enemy as far as
palace was adorned with magnificent paintings by the coast of the Euripus, but having no fleet, he
Zeuxis (Ael. V. H. xiv. 17); and Euripides, Aga- was obliged to allow him to make his predatory
thon, and other men of eminence, were among his excursions among the islands, from which, bow-
guests. (Ael. V. H. ii. 21, xiii. 4; Kühn, ad Ael. ever, he afterwards was obliged to return to Chalcis.
V. H. xiv. 17; Schol. ad Aristoph. Ran. 85. ) But Mithridates had in the meantime collected a fresh
the tastes and the (so-called) refinement thus intro- army of 80,000 men, which Doryalus or Dorflaus
duced failed at least to prevent, even if they did led to Archelaus. With these increased forces,
not foster, the great moral corruption of the court.
Archelaus again crossed over into Boeotim, and in
(Ael. U. cc. ) Socrates himself received an invita- the neighbourhood of Orchomenos was completely
tion from Archelaus, but refused it, according to defeated by Sulla in a battle which lasted for two
Aristotle (Rhet. ii. 23. $ 8), that he might not sub days. Archelaus himself was concealed for three
ject himself to the degradation of receiving favours days after in the marshes, until he got a vessel
which he could not return. Possibly, too, he was which carried him over to Chalcis, where he col-
influenced by disgust at the corruption above al lected the few remnants of his forces. When
luded to, and contempt for the king's character. Mithridates, who was himself hard pressed in Asia
(Ael. V. H. xiv. 17. ) We read in Diodorus, that by C. Fimbria, was informed of this defeat, he
Archelaus was accidentally slain on a hunting party commissioned Archelaus to negotiate for peace on
by his favourite, Craterus or Crateuas (Diod. xiv. honourable terms, B. C. 85. Archelaus accordingly
37; Wess. ad loc. ); but according to other accounts bad an interview with Sulla at Delium in Boeotia.
of apparently better authority, Čraterus murdered Sulla's attempt to make Archelaus betray his mas-
him, either from ambition, or from disgust at his ter was rejected with indignation, and Archelaus
odious vices, or from revenge for his having broken confined himself to concluding a preliminary treaty
his promise of giving him one of his daughters in which was to be binding if it received the sanction
marriage. (Aristot. Polit. v. 10, ed. Bekk; Ael. of Mithridates. While waiting for the king's an-
V. H. viii. 9; Pseud. - Plat. Alcib. ii. p. 141. ) [E. E. ) swer, Sulla made an expedition against some of the
ARCHELA'US ('Apxércos), a general of Mith- barbarous tribes which at the time infested Mace-
RIDATES, and the greatest that he had. He was a donia, and was accompanied by Archelaus, for
native of Cappadocia, and the first time that his whom he had conceived great esteem.
In his an-
name occurs is in B. c. 88, when he and his brother swer, Mithridates refused to surrender his fleet,
Neoptolemus had the command against Nicomedes which Archelaus, in his interview with Sulla, had
III. of Bithynia, whom they defeated near the likewise refused to do; and when Sulla would not
river Amnius in Paphlagonia. In the next year conclude peace on any other terms, Archelaus bim-
he was sent by Mithridates with a large fleet and self, who was exceedingly anxious that peace should
army into Greece, where he reduced several islands, be concluded, set out for Asia, and brought about
and after persuading the Athenians to abandon the a meeting of Sulla and his king at Dardanus in
cause of the Romans, he soon gained for Mithri- Troas, at which peace was agreed upon, on condi-
dates nearly the whole of Greece south of Thessaly. tion that each party should remain in possession of
In Boeotia, however, he met Bruttius Sura, the what had belonged to them before the war. This
legate of Sextius, the governor of Macedonia, with peace was in so far unfavourable to Mithridates, as
whom he had during three days a hard struggle he had made all his enormous sacrifices for nothing;
in the neighbourhood of Chaeroneia, until at last, and when Mithridates began to feel that he had
on the arrival of Lacedaemonian and Achaean made greater concessions than he ought, he also
auxiliaries for Archelaus, the Roman general with began to suspect Archelaus of treachery, and the
drew to Peiraeeus, which however was blockades laiter, fearing for his life, deserted to the Romans
and taken possession of by Archelaus. In the just before the outbreak of the second Mithridatic
meantime, Sulla, to whom the command of the war, B. c. 81. He stimulated Murena not to wait
war against Mithridates had been given, had ar- for the attack of the king, but to begin hostilities
## p. 263 (#283) ############################################
ARCHELAUS.
263
ARCHELAUS.
a
at once. From this moment Archelaus is no more | been a surname of Archelaus. During the war
mentioned in history, but several writers state in between Antony and Octavianus, Archelaus was
cidentally, that he was honoured by the Roman among the allies of the former. (Plut. Ant. 61. )
senate. (Appian, de Bell. Mithrid. 17–64 ; Plut. After his victory over Antony, Octavianus not
Sull. 11-24; Liv. Epit. 81 and 82; Vell
. Pat. only left Archelaus in the possession of his king-
ii. 25; Florus, iii. 5; Oros. vi. 2; Paus. i. 20. § 3, dom (Dion Cass. li. 3), but subsequently added to
&c. ; Aurel. Vict. de Vir. Illustr. 75, 76; Dion Cass. it a part of Cilicia and Lesser Armenia. (Dion
Frugin. n. 173, ed. Reimar. ; Sallust. Fragm. Hist. Cass. liv. 9; Strab. xii. p. 534, &c. ) On one oc-
lib. iv. )
casion, during the reign of Augustus, accusations
2. A son of the preceding. (Strab. xvii. p. 796; were brought before the emperor against Archelaus
Dion Cass. xxxix. 57. ) In the year B. C. 63, by his own subjects, and Tiberius defended the
Pompey raised him to the dignity of priest of the king. (Dion Cass. Ivii. 17; Suet. Tib. 8. ) But after-
goddess (Enyo or Bellona) at Comana, which was, wards Tiberius entertained great hatred of Arche-
according to Strabo, in Pontus, and according to laus, the cause of which was jealousy, as Archelaus
Hirtius (de Bell. Alex. 66), in Cappadocia. The had paid greater attentions to Caius Caesar than to
dignity of priest of the goddess at Comana conferred him. (Comp. Tacit. Annal. ii. 42. ) When there-
upon the person who held it the power of a king fore Tiberius had ascended the throne, be enticed
over the place and its immediate vicinity. (Appian, Archelaus to come to Rome, and then accused him
de Bell. Mithr. 114; Strab. l. c. , xii. p. 558. ) In in the senate of harbouring revolutionary schemes
B. c. 56, when A. Gabinius, the proconsul of Syria, hoping to get bim condemned to death. But Ar-
was making preparations for a war against the chelaus was then at such an advanced age, or at
Parthians, Archelaus went to Syria and offered to least pretended to be so, that it appeared unneces
take part in the war; but this plan was soon aban- sary to take away his life. He was, however,
doned, as other prospects opened before him. Be- obliged to remain at Rome, where he died soon
renice, the daughter of Ptolemy Auletes, who after after, A. D. 17. Cappadocia was then made a
the expulsion of her father bad become queen of Roman province. (Dion Cass. , Tacit. ll. cc. ; Suet.
Egypt, wished to marry a prince of royal blood, Tib. 37, Calig. 1; Strab. xii. p. 534. ) (J. . S. )
and Archelaus, pretending to be a son of Mithri- The annexed coin of Archelaus contains on the
dates Eupator, sued for her band, and succeeded. reverse a club and the inscription BAZIAENS AP-
(Strab. U. cc. ; Dion Cass. l. c. ) According to Strabo, XEAAOT PIA(A? )ONATPIAOE TOT KTIETOT.
the Roman senate would not permit Archelaus to He is called itlotns, according to Eckhel (iii
. p.
take part in the war against Parthia, and Arche 201), on account of his having founded the city of
laus left Gabinius in secret ; whereas, according to Eleusa in an island of the same name, off the coast
Dion Cassius, Gabinius was induced by bribes to of Cilicia (Comp. Joseph. Ant. xvi. 4. & 6. )
assist Archelaus in his suit for the hand of Bere
nice, while at the same time he received bribes
from Ptolemy Auletes on the understanding that
he would restore him to his throne. Archelaus
enjoyed the honour of king of Egypt only for six
months, for Gabinius kept his promise to Ptolemy,
and in B. c. 55 he marched with an army into
Egypt, and in the battle which ensued, Archelaus
lost his crown and his life. His daughter too was
put to death. (Strab. U. cc. ; Dion Cass. xxxix. 58; ARCHELA'US ('Apxéxaos), a PHILOSOPHER
Liv. Epit. lib. 105; Cic. pro Rabir. Post. 8; Val. of the Ionian school, called Physicus from baring
Max. z. 1, extern. 6. ) M. Antonius, who had been been the first to teach at Athens the physical doc-
connected with the family of Archelans by ties of trines of that philosophy.
