and other
Monumental
Remains of the Isle of Man," containing fourteen interesting
J.
J.
O'Hanlon - Lives of the Irish Saints - v4
See " Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs and other principal Saints," vol.
iv.
, Aprilis xxv.
°* "
See Bishop Forbes' Kalendars of
Scottish Saints," p. 380.
"See " Trias Th. iumaturga," Sexta Vita
S. Patricii, cap. cli. , clii. , pp. 98, 99. — 3° He lived " in regionibus Vliorum. "
Quarta Vita S. Patricii, cap. Ixxxi. , p. 45.
De S. Connano, n.
^2 He was called so,
from a
=• As elsewhere mentioned, both names posed resemblance to Polyphemus, cele-
Januarii.
7, p.
60.
probably
sup-
"
^i See ibid. Sepiima Vita S. Patricii, lib.
iii. , cap. Ix. , p. 160. In this region lay Down and Saul. See n. 87, p. 187.
brated for his cruelties and robberies. ^^SeeiiiJ. Quarta Vita S. Patricii, n. 60,
p. 50.
^4 'j'his may have been a badge of con-
federacy,orit mayhavebeenintendedto frighten travellers.
^^ See iiid. Tertia Vita S. Patricii, cap. Ixxiii. , p. 27.
See Colgan's
Trias Thaumaturga. "
April 25. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 481
where lurked this band of evil-doers, waiting for any traveller, on whom they
might rush forth, either to destroy or to despoil him. Beholding the saint, they thought at first to slay him, as the seducer of their souls, and the de-
stroyer of their gods ; but, suddenly, their purpose being changed by the Divine will, they thought it a shame to shed the blood of a peaceful, weak,
andanunarmedoldman. Counsellingoneanothertoprove,orratherto
mock, the power of Christ, and the holiness of Patrick, they placed one of
their companions, named Garban, on a couch, and though he was in perfect
health, they feigned him to be dead, thinking thus to impose on the Irish Apos-
tle. 3' They covered their accomplice with a cloak, and offering prayers, in-
tended to deceive, they besought the man of God, that he would provide the
funeralrites,or,ashewaswont,restoretolifethedeadman. But,through
revelation of the Holy Spirit, he understood what they had done, and pro-
nounced, that these scorners ha^ deceivingly, yet not falsely, declared their
companion to be truly dead. Therefore, disregarding their entreaties, he
prayedtoGodforthesoulsofthederiders,andthenwentonhisway. The
saint had not journeyed far, when they uncovered the cloak, from their com-
panion;andlo! theyfoundhimnotapretendedcorpse,butreallydead. Affrighted at this fearful event, and dreading lest the same fateshould happen
tothemselves,theyfollowedPatrick,andfellathisfeet. Acknowledgingtheir offence,throughtheircontrition,theyobtainedpardon. Then,theyallbelieved in the Lord; and, in his name, were they baptized. Afterwards did the saint, at their humble entreaty, revive the dead man, and regenerating him in the holy font of baptism, Patrick associated him to the faith in Christ. 37 Machal- dOs, their chief, falling at St. Patrick's feet, confessed his sins, and entreated with many tears, that a life of penitence should be imposed upon him, whereby he might attain the life of eternity. The saint inspired by heaven enjoined, that the penitent should renounce his native soil, and give all his substance to the poor. Afterwards, he clothed Machaldus, it is stated, in a vile and rough garment, and chained him down with chains of iron, casting the key, which secured them, into the ocean. Likewise, St. Patrick commanded him to enter alone, and without oars, into a boat made only of hides. 3' The Irish Apostle further enjoined, that on whatsoever country NIachaldus should land, under the guidance of the Lord, there should he eerve the Church of Christ, even to the end of his days. Truly repenting, Machaldus did as his great pastor had enjoined ; for, bound with iron chains, and bearing on his head the tonsure, as token of penitence, he entered alone into that boat, Unedr the protection of God, committing himself to His mercy and to the waves,
Machaldus was borne by them onwards to the Island Eubonia. 3» It was called Mannia, or Man, even so early as the twelfth century ;•'' while another form of the name is Manain. *' A northern wind caused the bark to be wafted southwards to the Island luuonia, as another account states. *' The ancient arn)orial bearings of the See of Man and Sodor were represented by azure, St. Columba<3 at sea in a rock-boat, all proper in chief, and overhead a
** See his Life, chap, xxi. , in the previous vatum, poslea, ah adventii sancti Patricii, volume. Chrisli niystarum et Monachorum secessu ; ". See Colgan's "Trias Thaumaturga," et sede nobilem, claramque insulam," &c.
Septima Vita S. Patricii, lib. iii. , cap. Ix. , pp. 160, 161.
'•The Fourth Life calls it " culleum," or what the Irish were accustomed to call a
currach, being formed of twigs woven thir, and covered with leather or skins.
See Colgan's "Trias Thaumaturga. " Sep- timaVitaS. Patricii, lib. iii. , cap. Ixi. , p. 161. '"SeeiiiJ. Sexta Vita S. Patricii, cap.
» of Machaldus, the
Speaking Tripartite
Quarta
Vita S. Patricii,
cap.
:
Life states " Venit autcm in Manniam
Ixxxi. ,
'^ See his Life, at the 9th of June.
sive Euboniam, ohm Druydum et gentilium
toge-
clii. , p. 98.
*' . See ibid.
lxxiii. ,p. 27. *' See ibid.
Tertia Vita S. Patricii, cap.
p. 45.
HI
48i LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [April 25.
blazingstarinor. « Itseemsprobable,however,thefigurewasnotintended for St. CoKnnba, but for St. Maughold, as it bears so closely a resemblance to the legend concerning his arrival on the Island. Moreover, the latter was the senior saint, and he was held, by the Manx, in especial repute. '*'
At that time, in Eubonia lived the two bishops, named Conindrius and Romulus,^^ whom St. Patrick himself had consecrated and appointed to rule over the people of that island, and to instruct them in the faith of Christ, afterthedeathofGermanus,thefirstbishop. Thesesaintlyprelates,behold- ing Machaldus, marvelled much, pitied his misery, but when they understood hiscase,tiieyreceivedhimkindly,andretainedhimwiththemselves. Inthe Fourth of St. Patrick's Lives, Machaldus is called Uemana. 't? During the epis- copacy of Romulus, St. Maughold was cast ashore in his little corrach or leather- covered boat, and at that head of land, which now bears his name. '*' Here was Kirk Maughold founded, in after times, and it was dedicated to our saint. *'
Kirk Maughold, Isle of Man.
The latter is built on a lofty promontory, and in the middle of a most extensive cemetery, 5° while near it are many Runic inscriptions, cut upon long flat stones. '"
" See Keith's " Catalogue of Scottish
Bishops. "
*5 See Rev. Joseph George Cumming's
"Isle of Man," Appendix P, p. 340.
*' These are the names given them in the Fourth Life, and by Jocelyn. liy Probus, one is called Conindrus, and in the Tripartite Life, they are styled Conderius and Romai- his. Accordin'4 to Colgan, one is more cor- rectly called Condirius, venerated in our Irish Calendars, on the 17th of November, and the other Romulus or Romanus, vene- rated on tlie l8tli of Novembi-r. See ''Trias
*' Colgan suggests, that this seems to be an error, for de Mona, or de Mannia. How- ever, the Irish language has Denihan as the
"
ordinary at. pellation of the demon. " See
ibid. ,n. (X). Thistermmayhavebeenapplied
to his ]iast life ; yet, the former interpretation seems to be most probable.
*' Underneath some moss-covered rocks, there is a spring called . St. Maughold's well, and an oliject called St. MaughoM's chair.
The waters are supposed to produce super- natural effects. See George Woods' "Ac- count of the Past and Present State of the
Thaumaturga," Quarta Vita S. Patricii, nn. Isle of Man," chap, xiii. , p. 172. London, 63, 64, p. 10. i8ii,8vo.
April 25. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 483
The truly penitent Machaldus applied his bodilyand mental powers, tofollow the counsel and rules of both those holy bishops, until at last, throuijh Divine appointment, he deserved to succeed them, in the episcopal office. 5' By the universal consent of the Manx, he was chosen, in due course, as their bisiiop. This is said to have occurred, about five years after St. Patrick's death, i. e. in 498. 53 How long he sat as bishop is uncertain ; but, he is said to have succeeded, immediately on the death of Conindrius and of Romulus, ascribed to the year just noted. = However, the BoUandists are of opinion, that his succession should be assigned to an earlier period. ss After he had for some time there abided, one day a fish happened to be taken in the sea, and brouglit unto their dwelling. When the fish was opened before them, a key was found in its belly, as tlie legend runs, and Machaldus being thus released from his chains, gave thanks to God, and went the—nceforth free. It has been
supposed,*' but incorrectly, that St. Machaldus confounded
with Macca-
—
received it from the former Bishop, in the Isle of Man. Increasing in holiness, after the deaths of the pious bishops named, Machaldus attained the episcopal degree ; while, he is said, to have been an illustrious prelate, and to haveruledoverArd-Ebranensis. ^s Beingeminentforhismiraclesandfor his virtues, there did he rest, and there, too, is he held in special veneration. In that island there was a city after him named, of no small extent, the re- mains of whose walls might long ago be seen. In the cemetery of its church, there was a sarcophagus of hollow stone, whereout a spring continually exuded, in the twelfth century. This was sweet to the draught, wholesome to the taste, and it healed divers infirmities. *" It is added, whosoever drinketh thereof, either receiveth instant health, or instantly he dieth. And in that stone are the bones of St. Machaldus said to rest; yet, therein is nothing found save only clear water. Though many oftentimes endeavoured to remove the stone, and especially the King of the Norici,*' who subdued the island, that he might at all times have sweet water ; yet, have they all failed in their attempt, for the
deeper they have delved to raise up the stone, so much the more deeply was it found fixed in the earth. '' The Annals of Ulster state, that M'Caille, Epi Mannensis died, a. d. 489. '3 However, there may be some confusion
* The accompanying illustiation, from a toriae," lib. ix. , fol. 158. Other writers have '
leus 57
gave the veil to St. Brigid,*' Patroness of Ireland, and
that
she
photograph furuislied by Rev. E. C. iffrey, when statroned at Douglas, was drawn on the wood by William F. Wakeman, and it was engraved by Mrs. Millard.
5° See "A Description and Historical Account of the Isle of Man," &c. , p 138.
plates, with descriptions, 4to, 1857.
5' Thisstatcraent of Probu^cnds with the
since copied his statement,
5' AIsd a Bishop, and venerated on this
5' See Rev.
and other Monumental Remains of the Isle of Man," containing fourteen interesting
J. Gumming.
quotation,
from an older work, in the Tripartite Life of
" Hie est Macfail
St. Patrick,
^ In the time of Jocelyn. This famous
spring is alluded 10, in these lines: —
sentence
clams et sanctus postmodum efltctus in Euoniensium civitate, cujiis nos adjuvent sanctasuffragia. "— QuintaVitaS. Patricii, lib. U. , cap. xi. , p. 53.
" Nor now is heard the solemn
From famed St. Maughofd's sacred well,
Where many a matron bowed ; And offered up her anxious prayer, For large estate, and worthy heir,
:
episcopus,
bell,
"The Runic
day, in Ireland. The account of his place and acts will be found, in the Article succeding. ** Seeher Life, already written, at the 1st day ofFebmary—that for his festival —aichap. iii. 59 xhis st. Ttement is in a taken
"See Rev. Joseph George Cumming's — And many a chapel vowed. " ""
Isle of Man," &c. , Appendix P, p. 342.
5' See Ussher's " Index Chronologicus,"
ad A. D. , ccccxcvili.
"See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus iii. ,
XXT. Aprilis. De Sanctis Episcopis Iliber- nis Macalleo in Crvachadia, et Machaldo in Insula Mona, sect. 4, p. 368.
5* By Hector Boetius, in " Scotorum His-
D'Alton's Dermid or Erin in the ;
John
Days of Borii," canto iii. , sect, v. , p. 69.
' By this term, we are to understand the
Norwegians or Normans, who held sway, in the Isle of . Man.
"See Colg. in's "Trias Thaumaturga," Sexta Vita S. Patricii, cap. clii. , pp. 98, 99, and n. 159, p. 116.
484 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [April 25.
here, in confounding St. Machaldus with the holy Bishop, whose Acts imme- diatelyfollow. Itisstated,**thatMachaldusdied,a. d. 518. Thiswillmore nearly coincide with Sacheverell's account, that he was Bishop there, for over twenty-four years. It can hardly be admitted, with Dr. Heylin, that he ruled to A. D. 578. ^5 Many churches in Scotland, and one church in Wales, are dedicated to this saint. **
In after times, the Isle of Man held a close relation with Ireland. *? Its
first missionaries seem to have been recruited from our Island. There is
reason to suppose, in early days, the population was not very large, as during the eighth century, Venerable Bebe estimates the inhabitants at three hundred families. Tiiere are several very ancient and interesting churches in the Isle of Man,*' and these have been frequently described. In one of these, called St. Maughold, the relics of the Patron had been preserved to the time of the Protestant Reformation,*^ which did not seriously affect the Catholics there, until about the seventeenth century. A succession of bishops ruled over the diocese here established, and their names are recorded in the chronicles of the Isle of Man. After the early Christian ages, it was seized upon by the Nor- wegians. '" For a long period, it had a succession of kings,'" and their history has been preserved, chiefly in connexion with that of the Hebridean chiefs,'^ who belonged to the Northman race. '3 It is said, that Pope Gregory IV. , who sat from 828 to 844,7't erected this island with all the Hebrides into one bishopric, and the prelate who presided over this See was called Bishop of Sodor'5 and Man. '* But, when the latter became dependent on the Kingdom of England, the Western Islands claimed to have a bishop of their own. He wasstyledSodorensis,butmorecommonlyBishopoftheIsles. Duringanin- teregnum in 1075, on the death of their King Lag-man, the nobility of the Isles sent commissioners to Muircheard O'Brien, King of Ireland, asking him to send some worthy person of the royal family, who might act as regent, until the son of Godred was fit to govern. The king nominated one Donald McTade to the office, and recommended him to govern the country with bounty and moderation. But, disregarding such instructions, the regent behaved despotically and cruelly towards tlie people, so that at last a con- federacy of Hebridean chiefs expelled him from the Island. Near the close
'3 See Dr. O'Conor's " Rerum Hiberaici- ' See " A Descriptive Historical Account rum Scriptores," tomus iv. Annales Ulto- of the Isle of Man," &c. , pp. 40, 41,
nienses, pp. 7, 8. . '* In Keith's "Catalogue of Scottish
Bishops," p. 298. Russel's edition.
's This is probably a misprint, for A. D. 518. See Rev. Joseph George Cumming's
"Isle ofMan,"&c. Appendix P, p. 342. " There is a remarkable spring, at Chapel- ton of Kilmaichlie, in the immediate neigh- bourhood of the old chape! outlines, and in the parish of Inveravon. It is cased with
published at Newcastle-upon-Tyne, in 1809,
"
stones. See Bishop Forbes' Kalendars of Sovereigns of the World, from the Ear-
Scottish Sniuts," p. 380,
''See Cough's Camden's "Britannia,"
vol. iii. , p. 699.
liest to the Present Period. " London, 1795, folio,
"SeeSirHarrisNicolas' "Chronology
of History," p. 209.
's This Swedish word is said to mean the
sail or oar islands, and it is said the North- men so named them, as objects for their fre- quent expeditions southwards. See " En- cyclopedia Britaniiica. " Art. Isle of Man.
? ' SeeR. Willis' "Account of the Diocese of Man," with plates, published in the last century, 4to.
'*
At Douglas, but without date, has
been Delamotte's " Views published Eight
of the Churches and Chapels in the Isle of Man. " This is an oblong 4to volume.
'' See " Les Petits Bollandistes Vies des Saints," tome v. xxv Jour d'Avril. n. i, p. 15. '° See William F. Skene's " Celtic Scot- land: A History of Ancient Alban," vol. i. ,
Book i. , chap, vii. , p. 345.
i2mo.
'' See the Rev. James Johnstone's
"
Anti- quitates Celto-Normanicse," Chronicon
Manniae, pp. 3 to 55.
"The old Kings of Man, Table DCXL,
with the Kings of Man, and Earls of Derby, of the Family of Stanley, Table DCXLI have their descent set down, in the Rev. William Betham's "Genealogical Tables of the
April 25. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 485
of the eleventh century, Magnus Barefoot subdued it, and in 1143, Godred, who afterwards became King over the Northmen of Dublin. After the inva-
sion of Scotland by Haco, King of Norway, and the junction of Magnus, Kins of Man, with his forces, they were defeated in the Battle of Largs ti by Alexander III. , King of Scotland, who recovered possession, and then ruled over the Hebrideans and Manx, in the year 1266. '^ When he died, these latter people placed themselves under the protection of Edward I. , who then governed England. He directed it to be restored to John Baliol, who had done homage for the kingdom of Scotland, held then from the English crown. - ManwasafterwardsseizeduponbyEdward11. " TheEnglishkingswhosuc- ceeded bestowed the Island upon their favourites. Edward III. , by letters patent, conveyed Man to Sir Simeon de Montacute. At length. Sir John
Stanley, under Henry IV. of England, became owner in perpetuity, and it wasregardedasanappanageofhisfamily. WhenthetenthEarlofDerbydied without issue, in the first half of the last century, the Isle of Man reverted to the Duke of Athol, who had married one of the Ladies Stanley. *" This Duke gave the island, with certain reservations, to the British Government, but, it was purchased for the sum of ;^7o,ooo. '' In 1829, these reservations were alsoyielded,onthepaymentofaconsiderablesum. Altogether,theIsleof MancostabouthalfamillionsterlingtotheBritishGovernment. Notwith- standing, during all these changes, the Manx never gave up their own form ofgovernment,theirlaws,northeirindependence. '" Theindustrious,intel- ligent and thrifty population of this Island is about 52,000, while agriculture, mining, and fishing '3 maintain them in plenty. During the summer season, there is a large influx of pleasure-seekers and visitors. Their lead, copper, zinc, and iron mines are worked with great advantage to their export trade f* whiletheypaysmallroyalties,onthemineswhichareopened. Withthese fines upon them, they contrive, however, to enjoy a good political and social constitution, besides having the blessings of home rule, and a popular represen- tation. TheirHouseofKeysis theParliament; whilethemembersmanageall important affairs, and provide for the necessities of their constituents, con- sistently with a wise economy in the administration of their revenues. The people profess, for the most part, the religion of the English Established Church; however,theyhavetheirowncanons,andanindependentconvoca- tion. '3
For some time after the so-called Reformation, the Manx made a
" See an account of these transactions in
"
Dr. James Taylor's
Scotland," vol. i. , chap, vi. , pp. 78 to 80.
'* See the Chronicle of the Kings of Man,
8vo volume, published at Douglas in that
year.
'^ Their herring and cod fisheries produce
about ;^6o,ooo per annum. They cure about
400,000 barrels of herrings or about thirty millions of that fish alone.
•* The customs duties about bring
;f30,000 per annum to the British revenue,
in Cough's Camden's
p. 709.
168.
""See "History of the House of Stanley
from the Conquest," published at Preston, A. D. 1793, 8vo.
•' "
See History of the Isle of Man, with
the Situation and Geographical Description thereof, and account of the Purchase of the Island from the Duke of Athol. " This was published at Preston, . *. D, 1793, 8vo.
•' M. A. Mills has edited tlie "Ancient Ordinances and Statute Laws of the Isle of Man, carefully copied from, and compared
with, the original Records, from the earliest date to the year 1841. " This is a thick royal
'» See Bell's James
Britannia," vol. iii. ,
of
"System
phy. Popular and Scientific," vol. iii. , part
i. , p.
many years ayo their ecclesiastical courts, and abolished one court which had little or no- thing to do, while the vicar-general was then overruled in a demand, which interfered with the public interest, as the House of Keys
"
Pictorial History of
Geogra-
"= The Manx have not regulated
understood it.
•" For this account and the
succeeiling statements, the writer is indebted to the Rev.
EdwardCaflfrey, who servedtheMissionof St. Mary's, Douglas, for some time in the Isle of Man. His interesting letter is dated St. Mary's, Widnes, Lancashire, May 5tli, 1873.
486 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [April 25.
noble stand against the Reformers. ** At length, Catholicity seems to have dis- appeared, and it used to be repeated, that not a Manx Papist could be found. However, the Cliurch was gradually recruited, by the accession of a few Catho- lic fishermen, ^7 during the last century ;^^ and, in the beginning of the present. Father M'Pharlan, a native of Down, and previously P. P. of Castleknock, was thefirsttobuildaCatholicchajielontheIsland. ThiswasdedicatedtoSt. Brigid, about the year 181 1^9 It was a mile out from town, and quite close to the ancient Nunnery of St.
°* "
See Bishop Forbes' Kalendars of
Scottish Saints," p. 380.
"See " Trias Th. iumaturga," Sexta Vita
S. Patricii, cap. cli. , clii. , pp. 98, 99. — 3° He lived " in regionibus Vliorum. "
Quarta Vita S. Patricii, cap. Ixxxi. , p. 45.
De S. Connano, n.
^2 He was called so,
from a
=• As elsewhere mentioned, both names posed resemblance to Polyphemus, cele-
Januarii.
7, p.
60.
probably
sup-
"
^i See ibid. Sepiima Vita S. Patricii, lib.
iii. , cap. Ix. , p. 160. In this region lay Down and Saul. See n. 87, p. 187.
brated for his cruelties and robberies. ^^SeeiiiJ. Quarta Vita S. Patricii, n. 60,
p. 50.
^4 'j'his may have been a badge of con-
federacy,orit mayhavebeenintendedto frighten travellers.
^^ See iiid. Tertia Vita S. Patricii, cap. Ixxiii. , p. 27.
See Colgan's
Trias Thaumaturga. "
April 25. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 481
where lurked this band of evil-doers, waiting for any traveller, on whom they
might rush forth, either to destroy or to despoil him. Beholding the saint, they thought at first to slay him, as the seducer of their souls, and the de-
stroyer of their gods ; but, suddenly, their purpose being changed by the Divine will, they thought it a shame to shed the blood of a peaceful, weak,
andanunarmedoldman. Counsellingoneanothertoprove,orratherto
mock, the power of Christ, and the holiness of Patrick, they placed one of
their companions, named Garban, on a couch, and though he was in perfect
health, they feigned him to be dead, thinking thus to impose on the Irish Apos-
tle. 3' They covered their accomplice with a cloak, and offering prayers, in-
tended to deceive, they besought the man of God, that he would provide the
funeralrites,or,ashewaswont,restoretolifethedeadman. But,through
revelation of the Holy Spirit, he understood what they had done, and pro-
nounced, that these scorners ha^ deceivingly, yet not falsely, declared their
companion to be truly dead. Therefore, disregarding their entreaties, he
prayedtoGodforthesoulsofthederiders,andthenwentonhisway. The
saint had not journeyed far, when they uncovered the cloak, from their com-
panion;andlo! theyfoundhimnotapretendedcorpse,butreallydead. Affrighted at this fearful event, and dreading lest the same fateshould happen
tothemselves,theyfollowedPatrick,andfellathisfeet. Acknowledgingtheir offence,throughtheircontrition,theyobtainedpardon. Then,theyallbelieved in the Lord; and, in his name, were they baptized. Afterwards did the saint, at their humble entreaty, revive the dead man, and regenerating him in the holy font of baptism, Patrick associated him to the faith in Christ. 37 Machal- dOs, their chief, falling at St. Patrick's feet, confessed his sins, and entreated with many tears, that a life of penitence should be imposed upon him, whereby he might attain the life of eternity. The saint inspired by heaven enjoined, that the penitent should renounce his native soil, and give all his substance to the poor. Afterwards, he clothed Machaldus, it is stated, in a vile and rough garment, and chained him down with chains of iron, casting the key, which secured them, into the ocean. Likewise, St. Patrick commanded him to enter alone, and without oars, into a boat made only of hides. 3' The Irish Apostle further enjoined, that on whatsoever country NIachaldus should land, under the guidance of the Lord, there should he eerve the Church of Christ, even to the end of his days. Truly repenting, Machaldus did as his great pastor had enjoined ; for, bound with iron chains, and bearing on his head the tonsure, as token of penitence, he entered alone into that boat, Unedr the protection of God, committing himself to His mercy and to the waves,
Machaldus was borne by them onwards to the Island Eubonia. 3» It was called Mannia, or Man, even so early as the twelfth century ;•'' while another form of the name is Manain. *' A northern wind caused the bark to be wafted southwards to the Island luuonia, as another account states. *' The ancient arn)orial bearings of the See of Man and Sodor were represented by azure, St. Columba<3 at sea in a rock-boat, all proper in chief, and overhead a
** See his Life, chap, xxi. , in the previous vatum, poslea, ah adventii sancti Patricii, volume. Chrisli niystarum et Monachorum secessu ; ". See Colgan's "Trias Thaumaturga," et sede nobilem, claramque insulam," &c.
Septima Vita S. Patricii, lib. iii. , cap. Ix. , pp. 160, 161.
'•The Fourth Life calls it " culleum," or what the Irish were accustomed to call a
currach, being formed of twigs woven thir, and covered with leather or skins.
See Colgan's "Trias Thaumaturga. " Sep- timaVitaS. Patricii, lib. iii. , cap. Ixi. , p. 161. '"SeeiiiJ. Sexta Vita S. Patricii, cap.
» of Machaldus, the
Speaking Tripartite
Quarta
Vita S. Patricii,
cap.
:
Life states " Venit autcm in Manniam
Ixxxi. ,
'^ See his Life, at the 9th of June.
sive Euboniam, ohm Druydum et gentilium
toge-
clii. , p. 98.
*' . See ibid.
lxxiii. ,p. 27. *' See ibid.
Tertia Vita S. Patricii, cap.
p. 45.
HI
48i LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [April 25.
blazingstarinor. « Itseemsprobable,however,thefigurewasnotintended for St. CoKnnba, but for St. Maughold, as it bears so closely a resemblance to the legend concerning his arrival on the Island. Moreover, the latter was the senior saint, and he was held, by the Manx, in especial repute. '*'
At that time, in Eubonia lived the two bishops, named Conindrius and Romulus,^^ whom St. Patrick himself had consecrated and appointed to rule over the people of that island, and to instruct them in the faith of Christ, afterthedeathofGermanus,thefirstbishop. Thesesaintlyprelates,behold- ing Machaldus, marvelled much, pitied his misery, but when they understood hiscase,tiieyreceivedhimkindly,andretainedhimwiththemselves. Inthe Fourth of St. Patrick's Lives, Machaldus is called Uemana. 't? During the epis- copacy of Romulus, St. Maughold was cast ashore in his little corrach or leather- covered boat, and at that head of land, which now bears his name. '*' Here was Kirk Maughold founded, in after times, and it was dedicated to our saint. *'
Kirk Maughold, Isle of Man.
The latter is built on a lofty promontory, and in the middle of a most extensive cemetery, 5° while near it are many Runic inscriptions, cut upon long flat stones. '"
" See Keith's " Catalogue of Scottish
Bishops. "
*5 See Rev. Joseph George Cumming's
"Isle of Man," Appendix P, p. 340.
*' These are the names given them in the Fourth Life, and by Jocelyn. liy Probus, one is called Conindrus, and in the Tripartite Life, they are styled Conderius and Romai- his. Accordin'4 to Colgan, one is more cor- rectly called Condirius, venerated in our Irish Calendars, on the 17th of November, and the other Romulus or Romanus, vene- rated on tlie l8tli of Novembi-r. See ''Trias
*' Colgan suggests, that this seems to be an error, for de Mona, or de Mannia. How- ever, the Irish language has Denihan as the
"
ordinary at. pellation of the demon. " See
ibid. ,n. (X). Thistermmayhavebeenapplied
to his ]iast life ; yet, the former interpretation seems to be most probable.
*' Underneath some moss-covered rocks, there is a spring called . St. Maughold's well, and an oliject called St. MaughoM's chair.
The waters are supposed to produce super- natural effects. See George Woods' "Ac- count of the Past and Present State of the
Thaumaturga," Quarta Vita S. Patricii, nn. Isle of Man," chap, xiii. , p. 172. London, 63, 64, p. 10. i8ii,8vo.
April 25. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 483
The truly penitent Machaldus applied his bodilyand mental powers, tofollow the counsel and rules of both those holy bishops, until at last, throuijh Divine appointment, he deserved to succeed them, in the episcopal office. 5' By the universal consent of the Manx, he was chosen, in due course, as their bisiiop. This is said to have occurred, about five years after St. Patrick's death, i. e. in 498. 53 How long he sat as bishop is uncertain ; but, he is said to have succeeded, immediately on the death of Conindrius and of Romulus, ascribed to the year just noted. = However, the BoUandists are of opinion, that his succession should be assigned to an earlier period. ss After he had for some time there abided, one day a fish happened to be taken in the sea, and brouglit unto their dwelling. When the fish was opened before them, a key was found in its belly, as tlie legend runs, and Machaldus being thus released from his chains, gave thanks to God, and went the—nceforth free. It has been
supposed,*' but incorrectly, that St. Machaldus confounded
with Macca-
—
received it from the former Bishop, in the Isle of Man. Increasing in holiness, after the deaths of the pious bishops named, Machaldus attained the episcopal degree ; while, he is said, to have been an illustrious prelate, and to haveruledoverArd-Ebranensis. ^s Beingeminentforhismiraclesandfor his virtues, there did he rest, and there, too, is he held in special veneration. In that island there was a city after him named, of no small extent, the re- mains of whose walls might long ago be seen. In the cemetery of its church, there was a sarcophagus of hollow stone, whereout a spring continually exuded, in the twelfth century. This was sweet to the draught, wholesome to the taste, and it healed divers infirmities. *" It is added, whosoever drinketh thereof, either receiveth instant health, or instantly he dieth. And in that stone are the bones of St. Machaldus said to rest; yet, therein is nothing found save only clear water. Though many oftentimes endeavoured to remove the stone, and especially the King of the Norici,*' who subdued the island, that he might at all times have sweet water ; yet, have they all failed in their attempt, for the
deeper they have delved to raise up the stone, so much the more deeply was it found fixed in the earth. '' The Annals of Ulster state, that M'Caille, Epi Mannensis died, a. d. 489. '3 However, there may be some confusion
* The accompanying illustiation, from a toriae," lib. ix. , fol. 158. Other writers have '
leus 57
gave the veil to St. Brigid,*' Patroness of Ireland, and
that
she
photograph furuislied by Rev. E. C. iffrey, when statroned at Douglas, was drawn on the wood by William F. Wakeman, and it was engraved by Mrs. Millard.
5° See "A Description and Historical Account of the Isle of Man," &c. , p 138.
plates, with descriptions, 4to, 1857.
5' Thisstatcraent of Probu^cnds with the
since copied his statement,
5' AIsd a Bishop, and venerated on this
5' See Rev.
and other Monumental Remains of the Isle of Man," containing fourteen interesting
J. Gumming.
quotation,
from an older work, in the Tripartite Life of
" Hie est Macfail
St. Patrick,
^ In the time of Jocelyn. This famous
spring is alluded 10, in these lines: —
sentence
clams et sanctus postmodum efltctus in Euoniensium civitate, cujiis nos adjuvent sanctasuffragia. "— QuintaVitaS. Patricii, lib. U. , cap. xi. , p. 53.
" Nor now is heard the solemn
From famed St. Maughofd's sacred well,
Where many a matron bowed ; And offered up her anxious prayer, For large estate, and worthy heir,
:
episcopus,
bell,
"The Runic
day, in Ireland. The account of his place and acts will be found, in the Article succeding. ** Seeher Life, already written, at the 1st day ofFebmary—that for his festival —aichap. iii. 59 xhis st. Ttement is in a taken
"See Rev. Joseph George Cumming's — And many a chapel vowed. " ""
Isle of Man," &c. , Appendix P, p. 342.
5' See Ussher's " Index Chronologicus,"
ad A. D. , ccccxcvili.
"See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus iii. ,
XXT. Aprilis. De Sanctis Episcopis Iliber- nis Macalleo in Crvachadia, et Machaldo in Insula Mona, sect. 4, p. 368.
5* By Hector Boetius, in " Scotorum His-
D'Alton's Dermid or Erin in the ;
John
Days of Borii," canto iii. , sect, v. , p. 69.
' By this term, we are to understand the
Norwegians or Normans, who held sway, in the Isle of . Man.
"See Colg. in's "Trias Thaumaturga," Sexta Vita S. Patricii, cap. clii. , pp. 98, 99, and n. 159, p. 116.
484 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [April 25.
here, in confounding St. Machaldus with the holy Bishop, whose Acts imme- diatelyfollow. Itisstated,**thatMachaldusdied,a. d. 518. Thiswillmore nearly coincide with Sacheverell's account, that he was Bishop there, for over twenty-four years. It can hardly be admitted, with Dr. Heylin, that he ruled to A. D. 578. ^5 Many churches in Scotland, and one church in Wales, are dedicated to this saint. **
In after times, the Isle of Man held a close relation with Ireland. *? Its
first missionaries seem to have been recruited from our Island. There is
reason to suppose, in early days, the population was not very large, as during the eighth century, Venerable Bebe estimates the inhabitants at three hundred families. Tiiere are several very ancient and interesting churches in the Isle of Man,*' and these have been frequently described. In one of these, called St. Maughold, the relics of the Patron had been preserved to the time of the Protestant Reformation,*^ which did not seriously affect the Catholics there, until about the seventeenth century. A succession of bishops ruled over the diocese here established, and their names are recorded in the chronicles of the Isle of Man. After the early Christian ages, it was seized upon by the Nor- wegians. '" For a long period, it had a succession of kings,'" and their history has been preserved, chiefly in connexion with that of the Hebridean chiefs,'^ who belonged to the Northman race. '3 It is said, that Pope Gregory IV. , who sat from 828 to 844,7't erected this island with all the Hebrides into one bishopric, and the prelate who presided over this See was called Bishop of Sodor'5 and Man. '* But, when the latter became dependent on the Kingdom of England, the Western Islands claimed to have a bishop of their own. He wasstyledSodorensis,butmorecommonlyBishopoftheIsles. Duringanin- teregnum in 1075, on the death of their King Lag-man, the nobility of the Isles sent commissioners to Muircheard O'Brien, King of Ireland, asking him to send some worthy person of the royal family, who might act as regent, until the son of Godred was fit to govern. The king nominated one Donald McTade to the office, and recommended him to govern the country with bounty and moderation. But, disregarding such instructions, the regent behaved despotically and cruelly towards tlie people, so that at last a con- federacy of Hebridean chiefs expelled him from the Island. Near the close
'3 See Dr. O'Conor's " Rerum Hiberaici- ' See " A Descriptive Historical Account rum Scriptores," tomus iv. Annales Ulto- of the Isle of Man," &c. , pp. 40, 41,
nienses, pp. 7, 8. . '* In Keith's "Catalogue of Scottish
Bishops," p. 298. Russel's edition.
's This is probably a misprint, for A. D. 518. See Rev. Joseph George Cumming's
"Isle ofMan,"&c. Appendix P, p. 342. " There is a remarkable spring, at Chapel- ton of Kilmaichlie, in the immediate neigh- bourhood of the old chape! outlines, and in the parish of Inveravon. It is cased with
published at Newcastle-upon-Tyne, in 1809,
"
stones. See Bishop Forbes' Kalendars of Sovereigns of the World, from the Ear-
Scottish Sniuts," p. 380,
''See Cough's Camden's "Britannia,"
vol. iii. , p. 699.
liest to the Present Period. " London, 1795, folio,
"SeeSirHarrisNicolas' "Chronology
of History," p. 209.
's This Swedish word is said to mean the
sail or oar islands, and it is said the North- men so named them, as objects for their fre- quent expeditions southwards. See " En- cyclopedia Britaniiica. " Art. Isle of Man.
? ' SeeR. Willis' "Account of the Diocese of Man," with plates, published in the last century, 4to.
'*
At Douglas, but without date, has
been Delamotte's " Views published Eight
of the Churches and Chapels in the Isle of Man. " This is an oblong 4to volume.
'' See " Les Petits Bollandistes Vies des Saints," tome v. xxv Jour d'Avril. n. i, p. 15. '° See William F. Skene's " Celtic Scot- land: A History of Ancient Alban," vol. i. ,
Book i. , chap, vii. , p. 345.
i2mo.
'' See the Rev. James Johnstone's
"
Anti- quitates Celto-Normanicse," Chronicon
Manniae, pp. 3 to 55.
"The old Kings of Man, Table DCXL,
with the Kings of Man, and Earls of Derby, of the Family of Stanley, Table DCXLI have their descent set down, in the Rev. William Betham's "Genealogical Tables of the
April 25. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 485
of the eleventh century, Magnus Barefoot subdued it, and in 1143, Godred, who afterwards became King over the Northmen of Dublin. After the inva-
sion of Scotland by Haco, King of Norway, and the junction of Magnus, Kins of Man, with his forces, they were defeated in the Battle of Largs ti by Alexander III. , King of Scotland, who recovered possession, and then ruled over the Hebrideans and Manx, in the year 1266. '^ When he died, these latter people placed themselves under the protection of Edward I. , who then governed England. He directed it to be restored to John Baliol, who had done homage for the kingdom of Scotland, held then from the English crown. - ManwasafterwardsseizeduponbyEdward11. " TheEnglishkingswhosuc- ceeded bestowed the Island upon their favourites. Edward III. , by letters patent, conveyed Man to Sir Simeon de Montacute. At length. Sir John
Stanley, under Henry IV. of England, became owner in perpetuity, and it wasregardedasanappanageofhisfamily. WhenthetenthEarlofDerbydied without issue, in the first half of the last century, the Isle of Man reverted to the Duke of Athol, who had married one of the Ladies Stanley. *" This Duke gave the island, with certain reservations, to the British Government, but, it was purchased for the sum of ;^7o,ooo. '' In 1829, these reservations were alsoyielded,onthepaymentofaconsiderablesum. Altogether,theIsleof MancostabouthalfamillionsterlingtotheBritishGovernment. Notwith- standing, during all these changes, the Manx never gave up their own form ofgovernment,theirlaws,northeirindependence. '" Theindustrious,intel- ligent and thrifty population of this Island is about 52,000, while agriculture, mining, and fishing '3 maintain them in plenty. During the summer season, there is a large influx of pleasure-seekers and visitors. Their lead, copper, zinc, and iron mines are worked with great advantage to their export trade f* whiletheypaysmallroyalties,onthemineswhichareopened. Withthese fines upon them, they contrive, however, to enjoy a good political and social constitution, besides having the blessings of home rule, and a popular represen- tation. TheirHouseofKeysis theParliament; whilethemembersmanageall important affairs, and provide for the necessities of their constituents, con- sistently with a wise economy in the administration of their revenues. The people profess, for the most part, the religion of the English Established Church; however,theyhavetheirowncanons,andanindependentconvoca- tion. '3
For some time after the so-called Reformation, the Manx made a
" See an account of these transactions in
"
Dr. James Taylor's
Scotland," vol. i. , chap, vi. , pp. 78 to 80.
'* See the Chronicle of the Kings of Man,
8vo volume, published at Douglas in that
year.
'^ Their herring and cod fisheries produce
about ;^6o,ooo per annum. They cure about
400,000 barrels of herrings or about thirty millions of that fish alone.
•* The customs duties about bring
;f30,000 per annum to the British revenue,
in Cough's Camden's
p. 709.
168.
""See "History of the House of Stanley
from the Conquest," published at Preston, A. D. 1793, 8vo.
•' "
See History of the Isle of Man, with
the Situation and Geographical Description thereof, and account of the Purchase of the Island from the Duke of Athol. " This was published at Preston, . *. D, 1793, 8vo.
•' M. A. Mills has edited tlie "Ancient Ordinances and Statute Laws of the Isle of Man, carefully copied from, and compared
with, the original Records, from the earliest date to the year 1841. " This is a thick royal
'» See Bell's James
Britannia," vol. iii. ,
of
"System
phy. Popular and Scientific," vol. iii. , part
i. , p.
many years ayo their ecclesiastical courts, and abolished one court which had little or no- thing to do, while the vicar-general was then overruled in a demand, which interfered with the public interest, as the House of Keys
"
Pictorial History of
Geogra-
"= The Manx have not regulated
understood it.
•" For this account and the
succeeiling statements, the writer is indebted to the Rev.
EdwardCaflfrey, who servedtheMissionof St. Mary's, Douglas, for some time in the Isle of Man. His interesting letter is dated St. Mary's, Widnes, Lancashire, May 5tli, 1873.
486 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [April 25.
noble stand against the Reformers. ** At length, Catholicity seems to have dis- appeared, and it used to be repeated, that not a Manx Papist could be found. However, the Cliurch was gradually recruited, by the accession of a few Catho- lic fishermen, ^7 during the last century ;^^ and, in the beginning of the present. Father M'Pharlan, a native of Down, and previously P. P. of Castleknock, was thefirsttobuildaCatholicchajielontheIsland. ThiswasdedicatedtoSt. Brigid, about the year 181 1^9 It was a mile out from town, and quite close to the ancient Nunnery of St.
